1
|
Quigley EMM. Can diet change the natural history of gastrointestinal diseases? JGH Open 2024; 8:e13063. [PMID: 38770354 PMCID: PMC11103768 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.13063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Belatedly, gastroenterologists have begun to pay attention to the role of diet in the exacerbation of gastrointestinal symptoms in many digestive disorders-a recognition that has spurred both high-quality clinical trials and translational research into this area. It has become clear that multiple mechanisms acting either in isolation or together can induce gut symptoms and that appropriate interventions can lead to significant relief. What this review will explore is not the role of diet in the production of certain symptoms or symptom clusters, but rather whether a dietary intervention can beneficially alter the natural history of a gastrointestinal disease-a much more demanding expectation. Yet there are examples of where a diet, if sustained, can have a long-term impact on at least some of those affected by conditions such as eosinophilic esophagitis, celiac disease, food allergy, and constipation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eamonn M M Quigley
- Lynda K and David M Underwood Center for Digestive DisordersHouston Methodist Hospital and Weill Cornell Medical CollegeHoustonTexasUSA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vita AA, Zwickey H, Bradley R. Associations between food-specific IgG antibodies and intestinal permeability biomarkers. Front Nutr 2022; 9:962093. [PMID: 36147305 PMCID: PMC9485556 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.962093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing translational evidence suggests that intestinal permeability may be a contributing factor to systemic inflammatory events and numerous pathologies. While associations between IgE-mediated food allergies and increased intestinal permeability have been well-characterized, the relationship between IgG-mediated food sensitivities and intestinal permeability is not well-described in the literature. Thus, we tested for associations between intestinal permeability biomarkers and food-specific IgG antibodies in 111 adults, with and without gastrointestinal symptoms. All biomarkers and food-specific IgG antibodies were measured via ELISA. The intestinal permeability biomarkers anti-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and anti-occludin IgG and IgA antibodies, but not anti-vinculin or anti-CdtB IgG antibodies, were significantly and positively associated with IgG-mediated food sensitivities. These significant relationships were attenuated by adjusting for the severity of wheat, dairy, and egg reactions. The results of this study support strong associations between titers of food-specific IgG antibodies and intestinal permeability biomarkers in adults, to the extent that the presence of multiple IgG antibodies to food, and increasing IgG food titers, can be considered indicative of increased antibodies to LPS and occludin. Notably, neither IgG titers to wheat, eggs, and dairy, nor permeability biomarkers, were increased in symptomatic participants compared to those without symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Adorno Vita
- Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR, United States
- *Correspondence: Alexandra Adorno Vita,
| | - Heather Zwickey
- Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Ryan Bradley
- Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR, United States
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yu SJ, Lee HS, Gung HJ, Kim JS, Kim KB, Kwon YH, Kim JH, Koo HS, Shin HD, Jee SR, Lee HB, Kim J, Park HW. Efficacy of a Restrictive Diet in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY = TAEHAN SOHWAGI HAKHOE CHI 2022; 80:6-16. [PMID: 35879058 DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2022.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Dietary factors can aggravate the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Many IBS patients try restrictive diets to relieve their symptoms, but the types of diets with an exacerbating factor are unknown. Therefore, this paper reports the results of a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) reviewing the efficacy of food restriction diets in IBS. METHODS The MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Clinicaltrials.gov databases were searched until July 21, 2021, to retrieve RCTs assessing the efficacy of restriction diets in adults with IBS. Two independent reviewers performed the eligibility assessment and data abstraction. RCTs that evaluated a restriction diet versus a control diet and assessed the improvement in global IBS symptoms were included. These trials reported a dichotomous assessment of the overall response to therapy. RESULTS A total of 1,949 citations were identified. After full-text screening, 14 RCTs were considered eligible for the systematic review and network meta-analysis. A starch- and sucrose-reduced diet and a diet with low-fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs) showed significantly better results than a usual diet. Symptom flare-ups in patients on a gluten- free diet were also significantly lower than in those on high-gluten diets. CONCLUSIONS These findings showed that the starch- and sucrose-reduced, low FODMAP, and gluten-free diets had superior effects in reducing IBS symptoms. Further studies, including head-to-head trials will be needed to establish the effectiveness of dietary restrictions on IBS symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung Jung Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Hong Sub Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Hyeon Jeong Gung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital Bucheon, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Ju Seok Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ki Bae Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Yong Hwan Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jae Hak Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hoon Sup Koo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyun-Deok Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Sam Ryong Jee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Han Byul Lee
- Department of Public Health, Ajou University Graduate School of Public Health, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jeehyoung Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul Sacred Heart General Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Carson WK, Baumert JL, Clarke JL, Izard J. Small bowel stomas are associated with higher risk of circulating food-specific-IgG than patients with organic gastrointestinal conditions and colostomies. BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2022; 9:e000906. [PMID: 35790301 PMCID: PMC9258506 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgast-2022-000906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effects of food sensitivity can easily be masked by other digestive symptoms in ostomates and are unknown. We investigated food-specific-IgG presence in ostomates relative to participants affected by other digestive diseases. DESIGN Food-specific-IgG was evaluated for 198 participants with a panel of 109 foods. Immunocompetency status was also tested. Jejunostomates, ileostomates and colostomates were compared with individuals with digestive tract diseases with inflammatory components (periodontitis, eosinophilic esophagitis, duodenitis, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and appendicitis), as well as food malabsorption due to intolerance. A logistic regression model with covariates was used to estimate the effect of the experimental data and demographic characteristics on the likelihood of the immune response. RESULTS Jejunostomates and ileostomates had a significant risk of presenting circulating food-specific-IgG in contrast to colostomates (OR 12.70 (p=0.002), 6.19 (p=0.011) and 2.69 (p=0.22), respectively). Crohn's disease, eosinophilic esophagitis and food malabsorption groups also showed significantly elevated risks (OR 4.67 (p=0.048), 8.16 (p=0.016) and 18.00 (p=0.003), respectively), but not the ulcerative colitis group (OR 2.05 (p=0.36)). Individuals with profoundly or significantly reduced, and mild to moderately reduced, levels of total IgG were protected from the formation of food-specific IgG (OR 0.09 (p=<0.001) and 0.33 (p=0.005), respectively). Males were at higher risk than females. CONCLUSION The strength of a subject's immunocompetence plays a role in the intensity to which the humoral system responds via food-specific-IgG. An element of biogeography emerges in which the maintenance of a colonic space might influence the risk of having circulating food-specific-IgG in ostomates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walker K Carson
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Joseph L Baumert
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jennifer L Clarke
- Department of Statistics, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jacques Izard
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhao C, Chen L, Gao J. The challenging diagnosis of food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome: A case report series. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:913278. [PMID: 36204669 PMCID: PMC9531772 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.913278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is a type of non-immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated food allergy. However, in addition to vomiting and diarrhea, IgE-mediated skin or respiratory symptoms may be comorbidities in some patients with FPIES. We described four unusual cases of neonates with FPIES, whose clinical presentations were variable and misleading. All patients experienced vomiting, diarrhea or other gastrointestinal symptoms, and three of them developed IgE-mediated food allergy. Case 1 was admitted to the hospital with convulsions and then developed severe sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)-like appearance. Case 2 was wrongly diagnosed with Stevens-Johnson syndrome due to a severe extravasation rash of the skin and mucous membranes and a systemic inflammatory response. There was unexplained cholestasis in case 3, which might be attributed to food allergy. Asymptomatic elevation of C-reactive protein was the only hint at early-stage FPIES in case 4. Moreover, there were increased serum food-specific IgG values in three of the above cases. After eliminating the offending food, all of the above clinical manifestations rapidly improved in the four cases; thus, we believe that the most correct diagnosis in the described four cases was FPIES. This case report series should further draw clinicians' attention to FPIES with variable and atypical symptoms. The usefulness of IgG levels in identifying the presence of FPIES is uncertain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caiyan Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinzhi Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Determination of Specific IgG to Identify Possible Food Intolerance in Athletes Using ELISA. DATA 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/data6110122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition is considered one of the foundations of athletic performance, and post-workout nutritional recommendations are fundamental to the effectiveness of the recovery and adaptive processes. Therefore, at present, new directions in dietetics are being formed, focused on the creation of personalized diets. To identify the probable risk of somatic and allergic reactions upon contact with food antigens, we used the method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the quantitative determination of IgG antibodies in the blood plasma of athletes against protein–peptide antigens accommodated in food. The study enrolled 40 athletes of boating and fighting sport disciplines. We found that the majority of the studied participants were characterized by an elevated IgG level against one or two food allergens (barley, almond, strawberry, etc.). Comparative analysis of the semiquantitative levels of IgG antibodies in athletes engaged in boating and fighting did not reveal significant differences between these groups. As a result, foods that are likely to cause the most pronounced immune response amongst the studied participants can be identified, which may indicate the presence of food intolerances. An athlete’s diet is influenced by both external and internal factors that can reduce or worsen the symptoms of a food intolerance/allergy associated with exercise. The range of foods is wide, and the effectiveness of a diet depends on the time, the place, and environmental factors. Therefore, during the recovery period (the post-competition period), athletes are advised to follow the instructions of doctors and nutritionists. An effective, comprehensive recovery strategy during the recovery period may enhance the adaptive response to fatigue, improving muscle function and increasing exercise tolerance. The data obtained may be useful for guiding the development of a new personalized approach and dietary recommendations covering the composition of athletes’ diet and the prevalence of food intolerance.
Collapse
|
7
|
Friesen C, Colombo JM, Deacy A, Schurman JV. An Update on the Assessment and Management of Pediatric Abdominal Pain. PEDIATRIC HEALTH MEDICINE AND THERAPEUTICS 2021; 12:373-393. [PMID: 34393542 PMCID: PMC8354769 DOI: 10.2147/phmt.s287719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic abdominal pain is very common in children and adolescent and results in high personal and social costs. Most youth with chronic abdominal pain fulfill criteria for a functional abdominal pain disorder (FAPD) as defined by Rome criteria. These are complex conditions with a wide array of biological, psychological, and social factors contributing to the experience of pain. The purpose of the current review is to provide an overview of the pathophysiology of FAPDs and an up-to-date summary of the literature related to FAPDs in children and adolescents, with additional focus on several areas (eg, diet and probiotics) where patients and families frequently have questions or implement self-directed care. We also provide an approach to the assessment and treatment of pediatric FAPDs focusing on the robust literature regarding psychological interventions and much sparser literature regarding medication treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Craig Friesen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition; Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Jennifer M Colombo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition; Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Amanda Deacy
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition; Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Jennifer V Schurman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition; Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Friesen C, Colombo J, Schurman J. Update on the Role of Allergy in Pediatric Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders: A Clinical Perspective. Nutrients 2021; 13:2056. [PMID: 34208479 PMCID: PMC8235503 DOI: 10.3390/nu13062056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Both functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) and food allergies are relatively common in children and adolescents, and most studies report an association between FAPDs and allergic conditions. FAPDs share pathophysiologic processes with allergies, including both immune and psychological processes interacting with the microbiome. No conclusive data are implicating IgE-mediated reactions to foods in FAPDs; however, there may be patients who have IgE reactions localized to the gastrointestinal mucosa without systemic symptoms that are not identified by common tests. In FAPDs, the data appears stronger for aeroallergens than for foods. It also remains possible that food antigens initiate an IgG reaction that promotes mast cell activation. If a food allergen is identified, the management involves eliminating the specific food from the diet. In the absence of systemic allergic symptoms or oral allergy syndrome, it appears unlikely that allergic triggers for FAPDs can be reliably identified by standard testing. Medications used to blunt allergic reactions or symptomatically treat allergic reactions may be useful in FAPDs. The purpose of the current manuscript is to review the current literature regarding the role of allergy in FAPDs from a clinical perspective, including how allergy may fit in the current model of FAPDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Craig Friesen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA; (J.C.); (J.S.)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
The Influence of Reducing Diets on Changes in Thyroid Parameters in Women Suffering from Obesity and Hashimoto's Disease. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030862. [PMID: 33808030 PMCID: PMC8000220 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hashimoto’s disease is listed among the most common endocrine causes of obesity. As treatment of obesity in women with Hashimoto’s disease is frequently unsuccessful, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of two different reducing diets and their influence on changes in thyroid parameters in female patients. A six-month observational/interventional study was performed on 100 women aged 18–65 years, previously diagnosed with Hashimoto’s disease and obesity and receiving L-thyroxine. The women were randomly assigned to the test group (group A, n = 50) following elimination/reducing diets, and the control group (group B, n = 50) following reducing diets with the same caloric content (without elimination). Anthropometric and thyroid parameters were evaluated at the beginning, after 3 months and after 6 months of treatment. In both groups a significant decrease in BMI and body fat percentage was achieved, but in test group A the decrease in BMI and body fat percentage was significantly greater than in control group B (p < 0.002 and p = 0.026, respectively). Serum TSH (thyroid stimulating hormon) levels decreased significantly more in group A than in group B (p < 0.001). Group A exhibited significantly greater increases in fT4 and fT3 levels than the control group (p < 0.001) as well as significantly greater decreases in the levels anti-TPO (thyroid peroxidase) (p < 0.001) and anti-TG (thyreoglobulin) antibodies (p = 0.048). The application of reducing diets with product elimination was found to be a more beneficial tool for changing anthropometric and thyroid parameters in women suffering from obesity and Hashimoto’s disease than classic reducing diets with the same energy values and macronutrient content.
Collapse
|
10
|
van Sadelhoff JHJ, Hogenkamp A, Wiertsema SP, Harthoorn LF, Loonstra R, Hartog A, Garssen J. A free amino acid-based diet partially prevents symptoms of cow's milk allergy in mice after oral sensitization with whey. Immun Inflamm Dis 2020; 8:93-105. [PMID: 32031763 PMCID: PMC7016843 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amino acid-based formulas (AAFs) are used for the dietary management of cow's milk allergy (CMA). Whether AAFs have the potential to prevent the development and/or symptoms of CMA is not known. OBJECTIVE The present study evaluated the preventive effects of an amino acid (AA)-based diet on allergic sensitization and symptoms of CMA in mice and aimed to provide insight into the underlying mechanism. METHODS C3H/HeOuJ mice were sensitized with whey protein or with phosphate-buffered saline as sham-sensitized control. Starting 2 weeks before sensitization, mice were fed with either a protein-based diet or an AA-based diet with an AA composition based on that of the AAF Neocate, a commercially available AAF prescribed for the dietary management of CMA. Upon challenge, allergic symptoms, mast cell degranulation, whey-specific immunoglobulin levels, and FoxP3+ cell counts in jejunum sections were assessed. RESULTS Compared to mice fed with the protein-based diet, AA-fed mice had significantly lower acute allergic skin responses. Moreover, the AA-based diet prevented the whey-induced symptoms of anaphylaxis and drop in body temperature. Whereas the AA-based diet had no effect on the levels of serum IgE and mucosal mast cell protease-1 (mMCP-1), AA-fed mice had significantly lower serum IgG2a levels and tended to have lower IgG1 levels (P = .076). In addition, the AA-based diet prevented the whey-induced decrease in FoxP3+ cells. In sham-sensitized mice, no differences between the two diets were observed in any of the tested parameters. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that an AA-based diet can at least partially prevent allergic symptoms of CMA in mice. Differences in FoxP3+ cell counts and serum levels of IgG2a and IgG1 may suggest enhanced anti-inflammatory and tolerizing capacities in AA-fed mice. This, combined with the absence of effects in sham-sensitized mice indicates that AAFs for the prevention of food allergies may be an interesting concept that warrants further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joris H. J. van Sadelhoff
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of ScienceUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Astrid Hogenkamp
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of ScienceUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Anita Hartog
- CeO ImmunologyDanone Nutricia ResearchUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of ScienceUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
- CeO ImmunologyDanone Nutricia ResearchUtrechtThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Does Irritable Bowel Syndrome Exist? Identifiable and Treatable Causes of Associated Symptoms Suggest It May Not. GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/gidisord1030027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant shortcomings in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) diagnosis and treatment may arise from IBS being an “umbrella” diagnosis that clusters several underlying identifiable and treatable causes for the same symptom presentation into one classification. This view is compatible with the emerging understanding that the pathophysiology of IBS is heterogeneous with varied disease mechanisms responsible for the central pathological features. Collectively, these converging views of the pathophysiology, assessment and management of IBS render the traditional diagnosis and treatment of IBS less relevant; in fact, they suggest that IBS is not a disease entity per se and posit the question “does IBS exist?” The aim of this narrative review is to explore identifiable and treatable causes of digestive symptoms, including lifestyle, environmental and nutritional factors, as well as underlying functional imbalances, that may be misinterpreted as being IBS.
Collapse
|
12
|
Correction of Food Hypersensitivity as the Main Principle of Immunodietology in the Treatment of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders. ACTA BIOMEDICA SCIENTIFICA 2019. [DOI: 10.29413/abs.2019-4.3.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It can be assumed that the reason of failure of classical methods to combat obesity lies in the complete disregard of active involvement of the immune system in the processes of digestion, considering influence of food antigenic load, that is carried by the human body. The new technology Immunodietology™, based on a mathematically correct calculation of the individual response of the body’s immune system to food antigens, is a promising trend for modern dietetics in addressing issues of prevention and control of obesity.Aim.To study the features of hypersensitivity to food antigens, as the main trigger of chronic inflammation in the development of obesity and metabolic disorders, to substantiate the personified principles of immunodietology application.Methods.The study of food hypersensitivity was carried out according to the methodology of Immunohealth™. Enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for specific IgG to 111 food antigens, distributed over antigenic clusters, to create an individual adaptation diet, based on the mathematically-based criterion “norm – anomaly”. We determined IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, TSH, free T3, insulin in serum by means of ELISA.Results.A correlation was established between casein hypersensitivity and an increase in IL-6 concentrations (Rs = 0.30 (p < 0.05)); IL-17 (Rs = 0.32 (p < 0.05)), as well as food hypersensitivity (Type III) to casein and the development of atherogenic changes (OR = 2.7 (1.2; 6.3)).Conclusions.Thus, the results showed that the principles of diagnosis and evaluation, personalized food hypersensitivity are the basis of the new Immunodietology™ technology, which may be a promising trend in modern dietetics to control obesity.
Collapse
|
13
|
Grace S, Barnes L, Reilly W, Vlass A, de Permentier P. An integrative review of dietetic and naturopathic approaches to functional bowel disorders. Complement Ther Med 2018; 41:67-80. [PMID: 30477867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Naturopathy and dietetics have evolved as two separate but parallel professions that use diet to promote optimal health and manage many illnesses and diseases. Given the increasing recognition of the influence of diet on health outcomes, there is increasing demand for the services of both professions. The aim of this research was to investigate similarities and differences between naturopathic and dietetic approaches to functional bowel disorders (FBDs). DESIGN For this integrative review AMED, CINAHL, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, EMBASE, Medline and PubMed databases were searched for articles that focused on dietetic or naturopathic diagnosis and treatment of food intolerance expressing as a FBD in adults. (Registration: PROSPERO 2016 CRD42016049469). RESULTS Of the 55 papers in the final review, 10 discussed complementary medicine approaches to FBDs. Both dietitians and naturopaths used similar holistic approaches to diagnosis and treatment, adjusted diets as a primary treatment approach, and individualised treatment for their patients. The professions differed in their use of vitamin, mineral and herbal supplements and in their willingness to recommend other treatments like osteopathy and acupuncture. CONCLUSIONS There is much overlap between dietetic and naturopathic approaches to assessment and treatment of FBDs. Further publications that describe naturopathic treatments for FBDs are needed to confirm these results and to provide opportunities for increased recognition and scrutiny of any distinctively naturopathic approaches. Without doing so, naturopathic practices are likely to remain marginalised and poorly understood. Moreover, the opportunity to fully contribute to the management of lifestyle-related diseases will be missed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Grace
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia.
| | - Larisa Barnes
- The University Centre of Rural Health, The University of Sydney, 61 Uralba St, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia.
| | - Wayne Reilly
- Wellness Care Australia Pty Ltd, Coorparoo, Queensland 4151, Australia.
| | - Ann Vlass
- Helping Nature Heal, Balwyn North, Victoria 3104, Australia.
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pensabene L, Salvatore S, D'Auria E, Parisi F, Concolino D, Borrelli O, Thapar N, Staiano A, Vandenplas Y, Saps M. Cow's Milk Protein Allergy in Infancy: A Risk Factor for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Children? Nutrients 2018; 10:E1716. [PMID: 30423934 PMCID: PMC6265683 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The role and prevalence of cow's milk protein allergy (CMA) in functional gastrointestinal disorders remains unclear. The aim of this review is to update knowledge on the relationship between CMA and functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) in children. Cochrane Database and Pubmed were searched from inception using general and specific terms for CMA and functional gastrointestinal disorders. CMA is reported as a predisposing or coexisting factor in a wide range of functional gastrointestinal disorders in infants and children. Pathogenesis of both conditions is complex and multiple mechanisms including dysmotility and hypersensitivity might contribute to the clinical manifestations. Data supporting the possible role of food allergies in the pathogenesis of FAPDs are limited. CMA may predispose to early life inflammation and visceral hypersensitivity, which in turn might manifest as FAPDs. The diagnosis of either CMA or FAPDs and distinction between them is challenging because of nonspecific and overlapping symptoms. Lack of accurate allergy tests in non-IgE (immunoglobulin E) mediated cases is also problematic. Oral food challenge, following an elimination diet, should be performed to diagnose a suspected non-IgE CMA allergy in children with FAPDs. In the management of FAPDs, an elimination diet should be considered for a limited period to verify if the symptoms improve or resolve.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Licia Pensabene
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Pediatric Unit, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Silvia Salvatore
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Pediatrics, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy.
| | - Enza D'Auria
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital-University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy.
| | - Francesca Parisi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Pediatric Unit, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Daniela Concolino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Pediatric Unit, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Osvaldo Borrelli
- Neurogastroenterology and Motility Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London WC1N 3JH, UK.
| | - Nikhil Thapar
- Neurogastroenterology and Motility Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London WC1N 3JH, UK.
| | - Annamaria Staiano
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Yvan Vandenplas
- KidZ Health Castle, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Miguel Saps
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Holtz Children's Hospital, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kaličanin D, Brčić L, Barić A, Zlodre S, Barbalić M, Torlak Lovrić V, Punda A, Boraska Perica V. Evaluation of Correlations Between Food-Specific Antibodies and Clinical Aspects of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. J Am Coll Nutr 2018; 38:259-266. [PMID: 30265836 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2018.1503103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We have comprehensively evaluated an immunologic response to food antigens, mediated by immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies, on clinical aspects of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). METHODS IgG antibodies to 125 food antigens were measured in serum samples of 74 HT patients and 245 controls using microarray-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. We analyzed differences in IgG levels between two groups and evaluated correlations between food-specific IgG levels and HT-related clinical phenotypes (thyroid hormones/antibodies, symptoms of hypothyroidism, measures of body size and blood pressure) and food consumption in HT patients. RESULTS We observed increased IgG levels to 12 different food antigens in either HT cases or controls, of which plum-specific IgG antibodies were significantly higher (p = 1.70 × 10-8), and almond-specific IgG antibodies were significantly lower (p = 8.11 × 10-5) in HT patients in comparison to controls, suggesting their possible roles in HT etiology or symptomatology. There was no significant correlation between any of 12 increased food-specific IgG antibodies, along with gluten-specific IgG, with clinically important phenotypes, such as thyroid hormones/antibodies or symptoms. Among other tested correlations, the most interesting is the negative correlation between coffee and tea combined IgG levels and number of symptoms, suggesting possible beneficial effect of tea and coffee on disease symptoms. We also found that food consumption is not correlated with IgG levels. CONCLUSIONS Distribution of food-specific IgG antibodies is comparable between HT patients and controls, with the exception of plum and almond. There is no evidence that increased food-specific IgG antibodies are associated with clinical aspects of HT. Clarification of biology behind formation of these antibodies is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dean Kaličanin
- a Department of Medical Biology , University of Split, School of Medicine , Split , Croatia
| | - Luka Brčić
- a Department of Medical Biology , University of Split, School of Medicine , Split , Croatia
| | - Ana Barić
- b Department of Nuclear Medicine , University Hospital Split , Split , Croatia
| | - Sanja Zlodre
- c Laboratory for Biochemistry , Polyclinic Analiza , Dugopolje , Croatia
| | - Maja Barbalić
- a Department of Medical Biology , University of Split, School of Medicine , Split , Croatia
| | | | - Ante Punda
- b Department of Nuclear Medicine , University Hospital Split , Split , Croatia
| | - Vesna Boraska Perica
- a Department of Medical Biology , University of Split, School of Medicine , Split , Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Les dosages d’IgG anti-aliments : méthodes et pertinence clinique des résultats. Position du groupe de travail de biologie de la Société française d’allergologie. REVUE FRANCAISE D ALLERGOLOGIE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reval.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
17
|
Karakula-Juchnowicz H, Gałęcka M, Rog J, Bartnicka A, Łukaszewicz Z, Krukow P, Morylowska-Topolska J, Skonieczna-Zydecka K, Krajka T, Jonak K, Juchnowicz D. The Food-Specific Serum IgG Reactivity in Major Depressive Disorder Patients, Irritable Bowel Syndrome Patients and Healthy Controls. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10050548. [PMID: 29710769 PMCID: PMC5986428 DOI: 10.3390/nu10050548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing amount of evidence which links the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) with food IgG hyperreactivity. Some authors have suggested that food IgG hyperreactivity could be also involved in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). The aim of this study was to compare levels of serum IgG against 39 selected food antigens between three groups of participants: patients with MDD (MDD group), patients with IBS (IBS group) and healthy controls (HC group). The study included 65 participants (22 in the MDD group, 22 in the IBS group and 21 in the HC group). Serum IgG levels were examined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Medical records, clinical data and laboratory results were collected for the analysis. IgG food hyperreactivity (interpreted as an average of levels of IgG antibodies above 7.5 µg/mL) was detected in 28 (43%) participants, including 14 (64%) from the MDD group, ten (46%) from the IBS group and four (19%) from the HC group. We found differences between extreme IgG levels in MDD versus HC groups and in IBS versus HC groups. Patients with MDD had significantly higher serum levels of total IgG antibodies and IgG against celery, garlic and gluten compared with healthy controls. The MDD group also had higher serum IgG levels against gluten compared with the IBS group. Our results suggest dissimilarity in immune responses against food proteins between the examined groups, with the highest immunoreactivity in the MDD group. Further studies are needed to repeat and confirm these results in bigger cohorts and also examine clinical utility of IgG-based elimination diet in patients with MDD and IBS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Karakula-Juchnowicz
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention Medical University of Lublin, Gluska Street 1, 20-439 Lublin, Poland.
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychiatry Medical University of Lublin, Gluska Street 1, 20-439 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Mirosława Gałęcka
- Institute of Microecology, Sielska Street 10, 60-129 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Joanna Rog
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention Medical University of Lublin, Gluska Street 1, 20-439 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Anna Bartnicka
- Institute of Microecology, Sielska Street 10, 60-129 Poznan, Poland.
| | | | - Pawel Krukow
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychiatry Medical University of Lublin, Gluska Street 1, 20-439 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Justyna Morylowska-Topolska
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychiatry Medical University of Lublin, Gluska Street 1, 20-439 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Karolina Skonieczna-Zydecka
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Broniewskiego Street 24, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland, .
| | - Tomasz Krajka
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Mathematics, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka Street 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Kamil Jonak
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention Medical University of Lublin, Gluska Street 1, 20-439 Lublin, Poland.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka Street 38D, 20-618 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Dariusz Juchnowicz
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing Medical University of Lublin, Szkolna Street 18, 20-124 Lublin, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kvehaugen AS, Tveiten D, Farup PG. Is perceived intolerance to milk and wheat associated with the corresponding IgG and IgA food antibodies? A cross sectional study in subjects with morbid obesity and gastrointestinal symptoms. BMC Gastroenterol 2018; 18:22. [PMID: 29378512 PMCID: PMC5789698 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-018-0750-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Serum IgG and IgA food antibodies have been used for dietary advice to subjects with gastrointestinal symptoms and perceived food intolerance, but the role of these antibodies in mediating intolerance is controversial. The present study investigated associations between perceived gastrointestinal intolerance to milk-or wheat and the corresponding s-IgG and s-IgA food antibodies in subjects with morbid obesity. Methods Subjects with morbid obesity (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2 or ≥35 kg/m2 with obesity-related complications) were included. Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) was diagnosed based on the Rome III criteria. Severity of specific gastrointestinal symptoms were measured with the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS)-IBS. S-IgG against cow’s milk, cheese, wheat and gluten, and s-IgA against casein and gliadin were measured. Results Ninety-seven subjects (80 females) with mean age 45 (SD 8.4) years were included, 70 had gastrointestinal complaints, 25 had IBS, and 22 and 20 reported milk- and wheat- intolerance respectively. There were no significant differences in serum concentrations or proportions of subjects above defined cut-off values for the antibodies between subjects with and without gastrointestinal complaints. In the group with gastrointestinal complaints, no significant differences were found between subjects with and without perceived food intolerance. Except for a significant correlation between IgG against cheese and GSRS-diarrhea (Rho: -0.25, P = 0.04), no significant correlations were found between the antibodies and type or degree of gastrointestinal symptoms, including IBS. Conclusions The study showed no associations between perceived milk or wheat intolerance and the corresponding s-IgG and s-IgA food antibodies in subjects with morbid obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Stine Kvehaugen
- Department of Surgery, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Kyrre Greppsgate 11, 2819, Gjøvik, Norway.
| | | | - Per G Farup
- Department of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway.,Unit for Applied Clinical Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to examine the evidence supporting the use of recently developed pharmacological treatments for IBS together with new evidence supporting more traditional therapies in order to understand where the new agents are best used in the treatment pathway. RECENT FINDINGS There is evidence to support the use of traditional treatments such as antispasmodics, antidepressants and dietary alteration in IBS. New therapeutic agents such as Linaclotide, Lubiprostone, Plecanatide, Rifaxamin and Eluxadoline are all more effective than placebo in treating symptoms of IBS with Tenapanor being a promising new agent. The majority of patients, however, treated with these medications remain symptomatic and they are not suitable for use in all patients. SUMMARY Traditional treatments such as antispasmodics, antidepressants, dietary and lifestyle modifications retain their importance in the treatment of IBS with the newer agents to be considered wherever these treatments are ineffective or poorly tolerated.
Collapse
|
20
|
Lee HS, Lee KJ. Alterations of Food-specific Serum IgG4 Titers to Common Food Antigens in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2017; 23:578-584. [PMID: 28992678 PMCID: PMC5628991 DOI: 10.5056/jnm17054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims The role of dietary factors in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is still unclear. The aim of this study was to compare IgG4 levels to common food antigens between patients with IBS and healthy controls. Methods Thirty-two patients diagnosed as IBS according to the Rome III criteria (12 diarrhea subgroup; 20 non-diarrhea subgroup) and 32 sex and age-matched healthy controls participated in the study. Serum IgG4 titers to 90 common foods were measured in each subject. The number of subjects with positivity defined as the cut-off value ≥ 0.7 U/mL was compared. Results Patients with IBS had significantly higher IgG4 titers to wheat, leek and taro compared to those of controls. Serum IgG4 titers to ginger, cocoa, walnut, white radish, onion, and lettuce in IBS patients tended to be higher than controls. IgG4 titers to wheat, gluten and gliadin in the diarrhea subgroup, and lettuce, leek and taro in the non-diarrhea subgroup tended to be higher compared with controls. The number of subjects with positivity to apple, orange, lettuce, and leek was significantly higher in IBS patients than controls. The number of subjects with positivity to apple, orange, gluten, and gliadin in the diarrhea subgroup, and egg white, pineapple, soybean, lettuce, and leek in the non-diarrhea subgroup was significantly higher compared with controls. Conclusions Serum IgG4 antibody levels to some common foods are abnormally elevated in IBS patients. The type of foods with abnormally elevated serum IgG4 titers in the diarrhea subgroup may be different from that in the non-diarrhea subgroup.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Sub Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,Department of Gastroenterology, Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Kwang Jae Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Umbilicus application with Chinese medicine for chronic diarrhea due to food intolerance in kids: a multicenter randomized trial. JOURNAL OF ACUPUNCTURE AND TUINA SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11726-016-0961-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
22
|
Shakoor Z, Al Faifi A, Al Amro B, Al Tawil LN, Al Ohaly RY. Prevalence of IgG-mediated food intolerance among patients with allergic symptoms. Ann Saudi Med 2016; 36:386-390. [PMID: 27920409 PMCID: PMC6074204 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2016.386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food intolerance mediated by food specific IgG antibodies has been implicated in a variety of disorders. OBJECTIVES To assess the prevalence of food specific IgG antibodies among patients clinically presenting with allergic symptoms lacking laboratory evidence of allergy. DESIGN Descriptive retrospective cross-sectional study. SETTING King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh between 2010-2015. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients were screened for food specific IgG antibodies. All symptomatic patients lacking laboratory evidence of allergy who underwent food specific IgG testing during the study duration were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Levels of IgG antibodies in patients with unidentified allergic symptoms. RESULTS We selected 71 patients with allergic symptoms lacking laboratory evidence of allergy. There were 49 female and 22 male patients mean age 38.8 (16.0) years. The majority (85.7%) had urticaria. The most frequently occurring food specific IgG antibodies were against cola nut in 80.3% of patients followed by yeast in 78.9%, wheat in 77.5%, red kidney bean in 71.8%, pea in 63.4%, corn in 62% and egg white in 62% of the patients. Compared with male patients, females harbored significantly higher food specific IgG antibodies for frequently occurring food materials, particularly against wheat (74% vs 25.5%; P < .0001), corn (77.3% vs 22.7%; P < .0001) and cola nut (71.9% vs 28.1%; P < .001). Patients aged less than 40 years had higher levels of food specific IgG against gliadin (P < .003), egg white (P < .03) and barley (P < .05) compared with older patients. CONCLUSION The detection of a variety of food specific IgG antibodies among patients with allergic symptoms indicates a possible link to food intolerance allergy. Females are prone to develop food intolerance more than males. LIMITATIONS Difficulty of comparison of results with previous studies because of lack of data. Follow-up studies could not be performed to assess the effects of elimination from the diet due to limited time allocated for this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Shakoor
- From the College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abrar Al Faifi
- From the College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bayanx Al Amro
- From the College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Leiby A, Vazirani M. Complementary, Integrative, and Holistic Medicine: Integrative Approaches to Pediatric Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Pediatr Rev 2016; 37:e10-5. [PMID: 27037108 DOI: 10.1542/pir.2015-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alycia Leiby
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Goryeb Children's Hospital, Atlantic Health System, Morristown, NJ. Department of Pediatrics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Minal Vazirani
- Siegler Center for Integrative Medicine, Barnabas Health ACC Barnabas Health System, Livingston, NJ. Rutgers - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mansueto P, D’Alcamo A, Seidita A, Carroccio A. Food allergy in irritable bowel syndrome: The case of non-celiac wheat sensitivity. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:7089-109. [PMID: 26109796 PMCID: PMC4476871 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i23.7089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders, having a prevalence of 12%-30% in the general population. Most patients with IBS attribute their symptoms to adverse food reactions. We review the role of diet in the pathogenesis of IBS and the importance of dietary factors in the management of these patients. The MEDLINE electronic database (1966 to Jan 2015) was searched using the following keywords: "food", "diet", "food allergy", "food hypersensitivity", "food intolerance", "IBS", "epidemiology", "pathogenesis", "pathophysiology", "diagnosis", "treatment". We found 153 eligible papers; 80 were excluded because: not written in English, exclusive biochemical and experimental research, case reports, reviews, and research otherwise not relevant to our specific interest. We selected 73 papers: 43 original papers, 26 reviews and 4 letters to the editor. These papers focused on IBS pathogenesis, the association between IBS and atopy, and between IBS and food allergy, the relationship between IBS and non-celiac wheat sensitivity, the role of diet in IBS. Pending further scientific evidence, a cautious approach is advisable but the concept of food allergy should be included as a possible cause of IBS, and a dietary approach may have a place in the routine clinical management of IBS.
Collapse
|
25
|
Lu XF, Zhang SS. Role of mast cells in irritable bowel syndrome. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:2239-2244. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i14.2239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by high prevalence and recurrence rates, which contribute to the patient's poor quality of life and an economic burden to the society and family for substantial costs. Multiple factors (e.g., stress, infection, and food allergy) can induce IBS via the neuro-endocrine-immune system. Abdominal pain, a hallmark symptom of IBS, correlates with visceral hypersensitivity. In recent years, the immune-associated mechanism for IBS has received more and more attention. Mast cells (MCs) are important immune cells in the intestine. The changes in the number, degranulation and interaction of MCs with the nerve play an important role in the development of IBS. This paper reviews the association between mast cells and the onset of IBS.
Collapse
|
26
|
An exploratory comparative investigation of Food Allergy/Sensitivity Testing in IBS (The FAST Study): A comparison between various laboratory methods and an elimination diet. ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aimed.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
27
|
Mullin GE, Shepherd SJ, Chander Roland B, Ireton-Jones C, Matarese LE. Irritable bowel syndrome: contemporary nutrition management strategies. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2014; 38:781-99. [PMID: 25085503 DOI: 10.1177/0148607114545329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome is a complex disorder whose pathophysiology involves alterations in the enteric microbiota, visceral hypersensitivity, gut immune/barrier function, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis regulation, neurotransmitters, stress response, psychological factors, and more. The importance of diet in the management of irritable bowel syndrome has taken center stage in recent times as the literature validates the relationship of certain foods with the provocation of symptoms. Likewise, a number of elimination dietary programs have been successful in alleviating irritable bowel syndrome symptoms. Knowledge of the dietary management strategies for irritable bowel syndrome will help guide nutritionists and healthcare practitioners to deliver optimal outcomes. This tutorial reviews the nutrition management strategies for irritable bowel syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerard E Mullin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sue J Shepherd
- Department of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bani Chander Roland
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Laura E Matarese
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Brody School of Medicine and Department of Nutrition Science, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Functional abdominal pain (FAP) is a common complaint among children and adolescents. For many patients, symptoms exacerbate with eating. This review discusses findings concerning the role of diet in FAP. The foods that are discussed are divided into 2 major groups: food allergies or intolerances, which focus on milk, gluten, and fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols; and functional foods, which hone in on foods that reduce abdominal pain in adolescents such as fiber, peppermint oil, and probiotics. Lastly, we discuss the role of eating habits in FAP and how the physiology of eating may be the real culprit of symptoms associated with eating.
Collapse
|
29
|
Jeffery IB, O’Toole PW. Diet-microbiota interactions and their implications for healthy living. Nutrients 2013; 5:234-52. [PMID: 23344252 PMCID: PMC3571646 DOI: 10.3390/nu5010234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that diet influences the health of an individual and that a diet rich in plant-based foods has many advantages in relation to the health and well-being of an individual. What has been unclear until recently is the large contribution of the gut microbiota to this effect. As well as providing basic nutritional requirements, the long-term diet of an animal modifies its gut microbiota. In adults, diets that have a high proportion of fruit and vegetables and a low consumption of meat are associated with a highly diverse microbiota and are defined by a greater abundance of Prevotella compared to Bacteroides, while the reverse is associated with a diet that contains a low proportion of plant-based foods. Furthermore, it is becoming increasingly clear that the effect of the microbial ecology of the gut goes beyond the local gut immune system and is implicated in immune-related disorders, such as IBS, diabetes and inflamm-ageing. In this review, we investigate the evidence that a balanced diet leads to a balanced, diverse microbiota with significant consequences for healthy ageing by focusing on conditions of interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian B. Jeffery
- Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland; E-Mail:
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +353-(0)21-490-1306; Fax: +353-(0)21-490-3997
| | - Paul W. O’Toole
- Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland; E-Mail:
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Jeffery IB, Quigley EMM, Öhman L, Simrén M, O'Toole PW. The microbiota link to irritable bowel syndrome: an emerging story. Gut Microbes 2012; 3:572-6. [PMID: 22895081 PMCID: PMC3495796 DOI: 10.4161/gmic.21772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a clinically heterogeneous disorder which is likely to involve a number of causative factors. The contribution of altered intestinal microbiota composition or function to this disorder is controversial, and is the subject of much current research. Until recently, the technical limitations of the methodologies available have not permitted an adequate survey of low-abundance microbial species. Recent technological developments have enabled the analysis of the global population of the microbiome using high through-put, culture independent, 16S rRNA amplicon pyrosequencing. Using these new methodologies, we are able to gain important biological insights into the link between functional bowel disorders and the microbiome. This addendum contextualizes and summarizes the results of these studies, and defines the future challenges and opportunities in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian B. Jeffery
- Department of Microbiology; University College Cork; Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Lena Öhman
- Department of Internal Medicine; Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magnus Simrén
- Department of Internal Medicine; Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Paul W. O'Toole
- Department of Microbiology; University College Cork; Cork, Ireland,Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre; University College Cork; Cork, Ireland,Correspondence to: Paul W. O'Toole,
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Serra J. Intestinal gas: has diet anything to do in the absence of a demonstrable malabsorption state? Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2012; 15:489-93. [PMID: 22797569 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0b013e328356662d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize the relevant publications during the last 12 months supporting that diet can influence gas-related symptoms in the absence of a malabsorption state. RECENT FINDINGS Gas symptoms during carbohydrate fermentation: a diet incorporating beans is well tolerated by a majority of individuals involved in a program of heart disease biomarkers. By contrast, in patients with irritable bowel syndrome, a diet avoiding fermentable carbohydrates improved gas-related abdominal symptoms. The rate of fermentation determines the production of abdominal symptoms, and many slowly fermentable fibers have a rapid fermentation profile that can generate abdominal symptoms. Modulation of visceral sensitivity: diet can influence gas symptoms by increasing the tolerability of the intestine to gas. Capsaicin decreases visceral hyperalgesia and improved bloating in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Changes in gas-producing bacteria: different strains of Lactobacillus have antimicrobial properties against gas-forming coliforms. New clinical studies show beneficial effects of prebiotics and probiotics on abdominal bloating. SUMMARY Actual data suggest that diet could improve gas-related abdominal symptoms acting on several mechanisms: gas production, visceral hypersensitivity and modulation of gas-producing enteric bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Serra
- Motility and Functional Gut Disorders Unit, Gastroenterology Department, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Badalona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|