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Zaki JK, Lago SG, Spadaro B, Rustogi N, Gangadin SS, Benacek J, Drexhage HA, de Witte LD, Kahn RS, Sommer IEC, Bahn S, Tomasik J. Exploring peripheral biomarkers of response to simvastatin supplementation in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2024; 266:66-74. [PMID: 38377869 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is one of the most debilitating mental disorders, and its diagnosis and treatment present significant challenges. Several clinical trials have previously evaluated the effectiveness of simvastatin, a lipid-lowering medication, as a novel add-on treatment for schizophrenia. However, treatment effects varied highly between patients and over time. In the present study, we aimed to identify biomarkers of response to simvastatin in recent-onset schizophrenia patients. To this end, we profiled relevant immune and metabolic markers in patient blood samples collected in a previous clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01999309) before simvastatin add-on treatment was initiated. Analysed sample types included serum, plasma, resting-state peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), as well as PBMC samples treated ex vivo with immune stimulants and simvastatin. Associations between the blood readouts and clinical endpoints were evaluated using multivariable linear regression. This revealed that changes in insulin receptor (IR) levels induced in B-cells by ex vivo simvastatin treatment inversely correlated with in vivo effects on cognition at the primary endpoint of 12 months, as measured using the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia scale total score (standardised β ± SE = -0.75 ± 0.16, P = 2.2 × 10-4, Q = 0.029; n = 21 patients). This correlation was not observed in the placebo group (β ± SE = 0.62 ± 0.39, P = 0.17, Q = 0.49; n = 14 patients). The candidate biomarker explained 53.4 % of the variation in cognitive outcomes after simvastatin supplementation. Despite the small sample size, these findings suggest a possible interaction between the insulin signalling pathway and cognitive effects during simvastatin therapy. They also point to opportunities for personalized schizophrenia treatment through patient stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihan K Zaki
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Santiago G Lago
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Benedetta Spadaro
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nitin Rustogi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shiral S Gangadin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jiri Benacek
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hemmo A Drexhage
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lot D de Witte
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - René S Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Iris E C Sommer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sabine Bahn
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Jakub Tomasik
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Clezar CN, Flumignan CD, Cassola N, Nakano LC, Trevisani VF, Flumignan RL. Pharmacological interventions for asymptomatic carotid stenosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023; 8:CD013573. [PMID: 37565307 PMCID: PMC10401652 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013573.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carotid artery stenosis is narrowing of the carotid arteries. Asymptomatic carotid stenosis is when this narrowing occurs in people without a history or symptoms of this disease. It is caused by atherosclerosis; that is, the build-up of fats, cholesterol, and other substances in and on the artery walls. Atherosclerosis is more likely to occur in people with several risk factors, such as diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, and smoking. As this damage can develop without symptoms, the first symptom can be a fatal or disabling stroke, known as ischaemic stroke. Carotid stenosis leading to ischaemic stroke is most common in men older than 70 years. Ischaemic stroke is a worldwide public health problem. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of pharmacological interventions for the treatment of asymptomatic carotid stenosis in preventing neurological impairment, ipsilateral major or disabling stroke, death, major bleeding, and other outcomes. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Stroke Group trials register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, two other databases, and three trials registers from their inception to 9 August 2022. We also checked the reference lists of any relevant systematic reviews identified and contacted specialists in the field for additional references to trials. SELECTION CRITERIA We included all randomised controlled trials (RCTs), irrespective of publication status and language, comparing a pharmacological intervention to placebo, no treatment, or another pharmacological intervention for asymptomatic carotid stenosis. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard Cochrane methodological procedures. Two review authors independently extracted the data and assessed the risk of bias of the trials. A third author resolved disagreements when necessary. We assessed the evidence certainty for key outcomes using GRADE. MAIN RESULTS We included 34 RCTs with 11,571 participants. Data for meta-analysis were available from only 22 studies with 6887 participants. The mean follow-up period was 2.5 years. None of the 34 included studies assessed neurological impairment and quality of life. Antiplatelet agent (acetylsalicylic acid) versus placebo Acetylsalicylic acid (1 study, 372 participants) may result in little to no difference in ipsilateral major or disabling stroke (risk ratio (RR) 1.08, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.47 to 2.47), stroke-related mortality (RR 1.40, 95% CI 0.54 to 3.59), progression of carotid stenosis (RR 1.16, 95% CI 0.79 to 1.71), and adverse events (RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.41 to 1.59), compared to placebo (all low-certainty evidence). The effect of acetylsalicylic acid on major bleeding is very uncertain (RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.06 to 15.53; very low-certainty evidence). The study did not measure neurological impairment or quality of life. Antihypertensive agents (metoprolol and chlorthalidone) versus placebo The antihypertensive agent, metoprolol, may result in no difference in ipsilateral major or disabling stroke (RR 0.14, 95% CI 0.02 to1.16; 1 study, 793 participants) and stroke-related mortality (RR 0.57, 95% CI 0.17 to 1.94; 1 study, 793 participants) compared to placebo (both low-certainty evidence). However, chlorthalidone may slow the progression of carotid stenosis (RR 0.45, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.91; 1 study, 129 participants; low-certainty evidence) compared to placebo. Neither study measured neurological impairment, major bleeding, adverse events, or quality of life. Anticoagulant agent (warfarin) versus placebo The evidence is very uncertain about the effects of warfarin (1 study, 919 participants) on major bleeding (RR 1.19, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.46; very low-certainty evidence), but it may reduce adverse events (RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.81 to 0.99; low-certainty evidence) compared to placebo. The study did not measure neurological impairment, ipsilateral major or disabling stroke, stroke-related mortality, progression of carotid stenosis, or quality of life. Lipid-lowering agents (atorvastatin, fluvastatin, lovastatin, pravastatin, probucol, and rosuvastatin) versus placebo or no treatment Lipid-lowering agents may result in little to no difference in ipsilateral major or disabling stroke (atorvastatin, lovastatin, pravastatin, and rosuvastatin; RR 0.36, 95% CI 0.09 to 1.53; 5 studies, 2235 participants) stroke-related mortality (lovastatin and pravastatin; RR 0.25, 95% CI 0.03 to 2.29; 2 studies, 1366 participants), and adverse events (fluvastatin, lovastatin, pravastatin, probucol, and rosuvastatin; RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.53 to1.10; 7 studies, 3726 participants) compared to placebo or no treatment (all low-certainty evidence). The studies did not measure neurological impairment, major bleeding, progression of carotid stenosis, or quality of life. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Although there is no high-certainty evidence to support pharmacological intervention, this does not mean that pharmacological treatments are ineffective in preventing ischaemic cerebral events, morbidity, and mortality. High-quality RCTs are needed to better inform the best medical treatment that may reduce the burden of carotid stenosis. In the interim, clinicians will have to use other sources of information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Nb Clezar
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Dq Flumignan
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nicolle Cassola
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis Cu Nakano
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Virginia Fm Trevisani
- Medicina de Urgência and Rheumatology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo and Universidade de Santo Amaro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ronald Lg Flumignan
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Zaki JK, Lago SG, Rustogi N, Gangadin SS, Benacek J, van Rees GF, Haenisch F, Broek JA, Suarez-Pinilla P, Ruland T, Auyeung B, Mikova O, Kabacs N, Arolt V, Baron-Cohen S, Crespo-Facorro B, Drexhage HA, de Witte LD, Kahn RS, Sommer IE, Bahn S, Tomasik J. Diagnostic model development for schizophrenia based on peripheral blood mononuclear cell subtype-specific expression of metabolic markers. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:457. [PMID: 36310155 PMCID: PMC9618570 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02229-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant proportion of the personal and economic burden of schizophrenia can be attributed to the late diagnosis or misdiagnosis of the disorder. A novel, objective diagnostic approaches could facilitate the early detection and treatment of schizophrenia and improve patient outcomes. In the present study, we aimed to identify robust schizophrenia-specific blood biomarkers, with the goal of developing an accurate diagnostic model. The levels of selected serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) markers relevant to metabolic and immune function were measured in healthy controls (n = 26) and recent-onset schizophrenia patients (n = 36) using multiplexed immunoassays and flow cytometry. Analysis of covariance revealed significant upregulation of insulin receptor (IR) and fatty acid translocase (CD36) levels in T helper cells (F = 10.75, P = 0.002, Q = 0.024 and F = 21.58, P = 2.8 × 10-5, Q = 0.0004, respectively), as well as downregulation of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) expression in monocytes (F = 21.46, P = 2.9 × 10-5, Q = 0.0004). The most robust predictors, monocyte GLUT1 and T helper cell CD36, were used to develop a diagnostic model, which showed a leave-one-out cross-validated area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.78 (95% CI: 0.66-0.92). The diagnostic model was validated in two independent datasets. The model was able to distinguish first-onset, drug-naïve schizophrenia patients (n = 34) from healthy controls (n = 39) with an AUC of 0.75 (95% CI: 0.64-0.86), and also differentiated schizophrenia patients (n = 22) from patients with other neuropsychiatric conditions, including bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder and autism spectrum disorder (n = 68), with an AUC of 0.83 (95% CI: 0.75-0.92). These findings indicate that PBMC-derived biomarkers have the potential to support an accurate and objective differential diagnosis of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihan K. Zaki
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Santiago G. Lago
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nitin Rustogi
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shiral S. Gangadin
- grid.4830.f0000 0004 0407 1981Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jiri Benacek
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Geertje F. van Rees
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Frieder Haenisch
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jantine A. Broek
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paula Suarez-Pinilla
- grid.7821.c0000 0004 1770 272XDepartment of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain ,grid.469673.90000 0004 5901 7501Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Santander, Spain
| | - Tillmann Ruland
- grid.16149.3b0000 0004 0551 4246University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Bonnie Auyeung
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Olya Mikova
- Foundation Biological Psychiatry, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nikolett Kabacs
- grid.450563.10000 0004 0412 9303Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Volker Arolt
- grid.16149.3b0000 0004 0551 4246University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Simon Baron-Cohen
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- grid.7821.c0000 0004 1770 272XDepartment of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain ,grid.469673.90000 0004 5901 7501Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Santander, Spain ,grid.411109.c0000 0000 9542 1158Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, IBiS, Sevilla, Spain ,grid.469673.90000 0004 5901 7501Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Hemmo A. Drexhage
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Immunology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lot D. de Witte
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - René S. Kahn
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.7692.a0000000090126352Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Iris E. Sommer
- grid.4830.f0000 0004 0407 1981Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands ,grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Bahn
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Jakub Tomasik
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Mahmoudi A, Heydari S, Markina YV, Barreto GE, Sahebkar A. Role of statins in regulating molecular pathways following traumatic brain injury: A system pharmacology study. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113304. [PMID: 35724514 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious disorder with debilitating physical and psychological complications. Previous studies have indicated that genetic factors have a critical role in modulating the secondary phase of injury in TBI. Statins have interesting pleiotropic properties such as antiapoptotic, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory effects, which make them a suitable class of drugs for repurposing in TBI. In this study, we aimed to explore how statins modulate proteins and pathways involved in TBI using system pharmacology. We first explored the target associations with statins in two databases to discover critical clustering groups, candidate hub and critical hub genes in the network of TBI, and the possible connections of statins with TBI-related genes. Our results showed 1763 genes associated with TBI. Subsequently, the analysis of centralities in the PPI network displayed 55 candidate hub genes and 15 hub genes. Besides, MCODE analysis based on threshold score:10 determined four modular clusters. Intersection analysis of genes related to TBI and statins demonstrated 204 shared proteins, which suggested that statins influence 31 candidate hub and 9 hub genes. Moreover, statins had the highest interaction with MCODE1. The biological processes of the 31 shared proteins are related to gene expression, inflammation, antioxidant activity, and cell proliferation. Biological enriched pathways showed Programmed Cell Death proteins, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, C-type lectin receptor signalling pathway, and MAPK signaling pathway as top clusters. In conclusion, statins could target several critical post-TBI genes mainly involved in inflammation and apoptosis, supporting the previous research results as a potential therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mahmoudi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177899191, the Islamic Republic of Iran; Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Sahar Heydari
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, the Islamic Republic of Iran; Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Yuliya V Markina
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of FSBI "Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery", 3 Tsyurupy Str., 117418, Moscow, the Russian Federation
| | - George E Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, the Islamic Republic of Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, the Islamic Republic of Iran; Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, the Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Nilsson A, Tsoumani K, Planck T. Statins Decrease the Risk of Orbitopathy in Newly Diagnosed Patients with Graves Disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:1325-1332. [PMID: 33560351 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT/OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the effect of statins and other lipid-lowering agents on the development of Graves orbitopathy (GO) in patients with newly diagnosed Graves disease (GD). METHODS Our sample included the full adult population of individuals living in Sweden with newly diagnosed GD between 2005 and 2018 (n = 34 894). We compared the GO incidence in statin users (n = 5574) and nonusers (n = 34 409) by applying Cox regression with a time-varying exposure variable. We adjusted for age, sex, and treatment for hyperthyroidism in the multivariate analyses. RESULTS Periods of nonusage lasted for a median of 4.3 years (interquartile range [IQR] 1.2-8.4), whereas periods of usage lasted for a median of 4.7 years (IQR 2.0-8.1). Among statin users, 77.1% had used simvastatin, 28.9% atorvastatin, and 8.2% had used other statins. Statin users were found to be significantly less likely to develop GO. In the main analysis based on the full cohort, the unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) was 0.74 (CI 0.65-0.84, P < .001), whereas full adjustment altered the effect to 0.87 (CI 0.76-1.00, P = .04). The main results were largely driven by men; the fully adjusted HR was 0.78 (CI 0.58-1.04, P = .09) for men and 0.91 (CI 0.79-1.06, P = .24) for women. Lipid-lowering agents other than statins did not exhibit a similar protective effect. CONCLUSION In newly diagnosed patients with GD, treatment with statins may protect against the development of GO. Statins should be investigated in a clinical trial as a preventive treatment for GO in newly diagnosed patients with GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Nilsson
- EPI@LUND, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kleoniki Tsoumani
- Department of Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tereza Planck
- Department of Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Behrouz V, Sohrab G, Hedayati M, Sedaghat M. Inflammatory markers response to crocin supplementation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled trial. Phytother Res 2021; 35:4022-4031. [PMID: 33856733 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress is a risk factor for the development of long-term consequences in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study was designed to investigate the effects of crocin consumption on oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in patients with T2DM. In this clinical trial with a parallel-group design, 50 patients with T2DM were randomly assigned to either the crocin or the placebo group. The crocin group received 15 mg crocin twice daily, whereas the placebo group received corresponding placebos. At baseline and the end of week 12, serum high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-ɑ (TNF-ɑ), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. Compared with placebo group, crocin reduced hs-CRP (-1.03 vs. 1.42, p = .007), TNF-ɑ (-0.8 vs. 0.28, p = .009), and NF-κB (-0.39 vs. 0.01, p = .047) after 12 weeks intervention; these improvements were also significant in comparison with the baseline values. Plasma IL-6 decreased significantly in the crocin group at the end of week 12 compared to baseline (p = .037), whereas no significant change was observed in the placebo group. Plasma concentration of MDA did not change within and between groups after intervention. This study indicates that daily administration of 30 mg crocin supplement to patients with T2DM reduces the concentrations of hs-CRP, TNF-ɑ, and NF-κB which are involved in the pathogenesis of complications of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahideh Behrouz
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Golbon Sohrab
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meghdad Sedaghat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Imam-Hossein General Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Simvastatin Inhibits CYR61 Expression in Orbital Fibroblasts in Graves' Ophthalmopathy through the Regulation of FoxO3a Signaling. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:8888913. [PMID: 33542676 PMCID: PMC7843182 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8888913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO), which is characterized by orbital tissue inflammation, expansion, and fibrosis, is the ocular manifestation in 25% to 50% of patients with Graves' disease. As the pathology of GO is driven by autoimmune inflammation, many proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and CCL20, are crucial in the pathogenesis of GO to activate the orbital fibroblasts. Cysteine-rich protein 61 (CYR61), which is known to regulate cell proliferation, adhesion, and migration, plays a proinflammatory role in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis. CYR61 was considered a potential biomarker of GO in recent studies. Statins, which are cholesterol-lowering drugs, were found to reduce the risk of GO, probably through their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. In this study, we established a link between CYR61 and statins in the pathogenesis and potential treatment for GO. Firstly, our data showed the overexpression of CYR61 in the orbital tissue (n = 4) and serum specimens (n = 6) obtained from the patients with inactive GO. CYR61 could induce the production of IL-6 and CCL20 in cultured GO orbital fibroblasts. The expression of CYR61 in cultured GO orbital fibroblasts was upregulated via TNF-α stimulation. Secondly, we pretreated cultured GO orbital fibroblasts using simvastatin, a statin, followed by TNF-α stimulation. The data revealed that simvastatin could inhibit TNF-α-induced CYR61 expression by modulating the activity of transcription factor FoxO3a. Our results provided insights into some cellular mechanisms that may explain the possible protective effects of simvastatin against the development of GO.
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Kim JY, Barua S, Jeong YJ, Lee JE. Adiponectin: The Potential Regulator and Therapeutic Target of Obesity and Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176419. [PMID: 32899357 PMCID: PMC7504582 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal and human mechanistic studies have consistently shown an association between obesity and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). AD, a degenerative brain disease, is the most common cause of dementia and is characterized by the presence of extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles disposition. Some studies have recently demonstrated that Aβ and tau cannot fully explain the pathophysiological development of AD and that metabolic disease factors, such as insulin, adiponectin, and antioxidants, are important for the sporadic onset of nongenetic AD. Obesity prevention and treatment can be an efficacious and safe approach to AD prevention. Adiponectin is a benign adipokine that sensitizes the insulin receptor signaling pathway and suppresses inflammation. It has been shown to be inversely correlated with adipose tissue dysfunction and may enhance the risk of AD because a range of neuroprotection adiponectin mechanisms is related to AD pathology alleviation. In this study, we summarize the recent progress that addresses the beneficial effects and potential mechanisms of adiponectin in AD. Furthermore, we review recent studies on the diverse medications of adiponectin that could possibly be related to AD treatment, with a focus on their association with adiponectin. A better understanding of the neuroprotection roles of adiponectin will help clarify the precise underlying mechanism of AD development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Youl Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea; (J.Y.K.); (S.B.); (Y.J.J.)
| | - Sumit Barua
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea; (J.Y.K.); (S.B.); (Y.J.J.)
| | - Ye Jun Jeong
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea; (J.Y.K.); (S.B.); (Y.J.J.)
| | - Jong Eun Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea; (J.Y.K.); (S.B.); (Y.J.J.)
- BK21 Plus Project for Medical Sciences, and Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2228-1646 (ext. 1659); Fax: +82-2-365-0700
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9
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Adiponectin, Obesity, and Cancer: Clash of the Bigwigs in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102519. [PMID: 31121868 PMCID: PMC6566909 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is one of the most important adipocytokines secreted by adipocytes and is called a “guardian angel adipocytokine” owing to its unique biological functions. Adiponectin inversely correlates with body fat mass and visceral adiposity. Identified independently by four different research groups, adiponectin has multiple names; Acrp30, apM1, GBP28, and AdipoQ. Adiponectin mediates its biological functions via three known receptors, AdipoR1, AdipoR2, and T-cadherin, which are distributed throughout the body. Biological functions of adiponectin are multifold ranging from anti-diabetic, anti-atherogenic, anti-inflammatory to anti-cancer. Lower adiponectin levels have been associated with metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, cardiovascular diseases, and hypertension. A plethora of experimental evidence supports the role of obesity and increased adiposity in multiple cancers including breast, liver, pancreatic, prostrate, ovarian, and colorectal cancers. Obesity mediates its effect on cancer progression via dysregulation of adipocytokines including increased production of oncogenic adipokine leptin along with decreased production of adiponectin. Multiple studies have shown the protective role of adiponectin in obesity-associated diseases and cancer. Adiponectin modulates multiple signaling pathways to exert its physiological and protective functions. Many studies over the years have shown the beneficial effect of adiponectin in cancer regression and put forth various innovative ways to increase adiponectin levels.
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10
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Bahrambeigi S, Rahimi M, Yousefi B, Shafiei-Irannejad V. New potentials for 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzymeA reductase inhibitors: Possible applications in retarding diabetic complications. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:19393-19405. [PMID: 31004363 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing all over the world and it is apparent that treatment of diabetic complications has the same importance as primary diabetes treatment and glycemic control. Diabetic complications occur as a result of prolonged hyperglycemia and its consequences, such as advanced glycation end products and reactive oxygen species. Impairment of lipid profile is also contributed to worsening diabetic complications. Therefore, it seems that the application of lipid-lowering agents may have positive effects on reversing diabetic complications besides glycemic control. Statins, a group of lipid-lowering compounds, have been shown to exert antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative properties beyond their lipid-lowering effects. Furthermore, they have been reported to improve diabetic complications with different pathways. In this review, we will discuss the clinical importance, molecular biology of the most important microvascular/macrovascular diabetic complications, possible application of statins and their mechanism of action in retarding these complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Bahrambeigi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mahdi Rahimi
- Ageing Research Institute, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Ageing Research Institute, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahid Shafiei-Irannejad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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11
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Tabrizi R, Tamtaji OR, Mirhosseini N, Lankarani KB, Akbari M, Dadgostar E, Borhani-Haghighi A, Peymani P, Ahmadizar F, Asemi Z. The effects of statin use on inflammatory markers among patients with metabolic syndrome and related disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Pharmacol Res 2019; 141:85-103. [PMID: 30576798 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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12
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Singh P, Zhang Y, Sharma P, Covassin N, Soucek F, Friedman PA, Somers VK. Statins decrease leptin expression in human white adipocytes. Physiol Rep 2019; 6. [PMID: 29372612 PMCID: PMC5789723 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Statin use is associated with increased calorie intake and consequent weight gain. It is speculated that statin‐dependent improvements in lipid profile may undermine the perceived need to follow lipid‐lowering and other dietary recommendations leading consequently to increased calorie intake. However, increases in calorie intake in statin users may also be related to statin‐dependent decreases in satiety factors such as leptin, an adipocyte‐derived adipokine. The objective of our study was to examine the direct effects of statins on leptin expression. Adipocytes are the main source of circulating leptin. Therefore, we examined the effects of atorvastatin and simvastatin on leptin expression in cultured human white adipocytes. We show that treatment of white adipocytes with simvastatin and atorvastatin decreases leptin mRNA expression (simvastatin: P = 0.008, atorvastatin: P = 0.03) and leptin secretion (simvastatin: P = 0.0001, atorvastatin: P = 0.0001). Both simvastatin and atorvastatin mediate decreases in leptin expression via extracellular‐signal‐regulated kinases 1/2 and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma pathways (simvastatin: P = 0.01, atorvastatin: P = 0.026). Additionally, statin treatment also induced expected increases in adiponectin, while decreasing monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1) mRNA. Furthermore, statins increased secretion of both total as well as high molecular weight adiponectin while decreasing MCP1 secretion. To conclude, statins act directly on human white adipocytes to regulate adipokine secretion and decrease leptin expression. Leptin is an important satiety factor. Hence, statin‐dependent decreases in leptin may contribute, at least in part, to increases in food intake in statin users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Singh
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Yuebo Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Pragya Sharma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Naima Covassin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Filip Soucek
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,ICRC - Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Paul A Friedman
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Virend K Somers
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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13
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Lanzolla G, Vannucchi G, Ionni I, Campi I, Sileo F, Lazzaroni E, Marinò M. Cholesterol Serum Levels and Use of Statins in Graves' Orbitopathy: A New Starting Point for the Therapy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:933. [PMID: 32038490 PMCID: PMC6987298 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Graves' Orbitopathy (GO) is the most frequent extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves' disease (GD). Its ultimate cause remains unclear, but it is commonly considered an autoimmune disorder due to self recognition of autoantigens constitutively expressed by orbital fibroblasts (OFs), and thyroid epithelial cells. High dose intravenous glucocorticoids (ivGC) are the most commonly used treatment for moderately severe and active GO. However, based on the complex pathogenesis of GO, a number of factors may have a protective and maybe a therapeutic role. The use of other medications improving the effect of GC may increase the overall effectiveness of the therapy and reduce GC doses, thereby limiting side effects. Recently, a possible protective role of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme reductase inhibitors, the so-called statins, and perhaps of lowering cholesterol levels, has been proposed. Thus, statins have been reported to be associated with a reduced frequency of GO in GD patients and in recent cross-sectional and retrospective studies a significant correlation was found between the occurrence of GO and both total and LDL-cholesterol in patients with a GD of relatively recent onset, suggesting a role of cholesterol in the development of GO. Moreover, a correlation was found between the GO clinical activity score and total as well as LDL-cholesterol in untreated GO patients, depending on GO duration, indicating a role of cholesterol on GO activity. Therefore, statin treatment may be beneficial for GO. Here we review this subject, which offers new therapeutic perspectives for patients with GO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Lanzolla
- Endocrinology Units, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Guia Vannucchi
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Ionni
- Endocrinology Units, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Irene Campi
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Sileo
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Lazzaroni
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Marinò
- Endocrinology Units, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- *Correspondence: Michele Marinò
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14
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Chen W, Huang Z, Bi M, Xu X, Zhao N. Effects of simvastatin on serum adiponectin: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:53. [PMID: 28288631 PMCID: PMC5347823 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0439-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effects of simvastatin on serum level of adiponectin, a protein conferring benefits in both cardiovascular and metabolic system, are not fully determined. METHODS A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed. Studies were identified by searching of Pubmed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases. Heterogeneity among the RCTs was determined by Cochrane's Q test and I2 statistics. Meta-analysis was performed with random-effect model or fixed-effect model according to the heterogeneity. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were performed to analyze the source of heterogeneity. RESULTS Twelve RCTs with 16 comparisons and 1042 patients were included. Overall, serum adiponectin was not significantly affected by simvastatin (WMD: 0.42 μg/mL; 95% CI, -0.66-1.50 μg/mL). However, significant heterogeneity was detected (Cochrane's Q test: p < 0.01; I2 = 83%). Subsequent meta-regression analyses indicated that treatment duration was a significant determinant of the effects of simvastatin treatment on serum adiponectin (Coefficient 0.04, p = 0.03). Subgroup analyses demonstrated that simvastatin treatment was associated with increased adiponectin in studies with treatment duration of 12 weeks (WMD: 3.65 μg/mL; p < 0.01), but not in studies with treatment duration of ≤ 8 weeks (WMD: -0.20 μg/mL; p = 0.38). The different between the two stratums was significant (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Treatment with simvastatin of 12 weeks may increase the serum level adiponectin in patients at risk for cardiovascular diseases, but not for the short term treatment of ≤ 8 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Chen
- Department of Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuo Huang
- Department of Medicine, the Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen, China
| | - Minghui Bi
- Department of Medicine, the Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen, China
| | - Xuejing Xu
- Department of Medicine, the Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen, China
| | - Nengjiang Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, No. 55 Zhenhai Road, Simin District, Xiamen, 361003, China.
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15
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Dolezelova E, Stein E, Derosa G, Maffioli P, Nachtigal P, Sahebkar A. Effect of ezetimibe on plasma adipokines: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2017; 83:1380-1396. [PMID: 28166606 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Statins are known to influence the status of adipokines, which play a key role in the pathophysiology of cardiometabolic diseases. As the effect of ezetimibe as an add-on to statin therapy on the impact of statins on plasma adipokines levels is currently unclear, the aim of the present study was to investigate this through a meta-analysis of controlled trials. METHODS A systematic review was performed, followed by a bibliographic search in PubMed, Medline, SCOPUS, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases. Quantitative data synthesis was performed using a fixed- or random-effects model (based on the level of interstudy heterogeneity) and the generic inverse variance weighting method. Effect sizes were expressed as standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS Meta-analysis of 23 controlled trials did not suggest any significant effect of adding ezetimibe on top of statin therapy on plasma concentrations of adiponectin (SMD 0.34, 95% CI -0.28, 0.96; P = 0.288), leptin (SMD -0.75, 95% CI: -2.35, 0.85; P = 0.360), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (SMD -1.06, 95% CI: -2.81, 0.69; P = 0.236) and interleukin 6 (SMD 0.30, 95% CI: -0.08, 0.67; P = 0.124). However, significantly greater reductions in plasma concentrations of tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) (SMD -0.48, 95% CI -0.87, -0.08; P = 0.018) were achieved with ezetimibe/statin combination therapy. CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that ezetimibe add-on to statin therapy is associated with an enhanced TNF-α-lowering effect compared with statin monotherapy. Owing to the emerging role of TNF-α in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders, further investigations are required to unveil the translational relevance of this TNF-α-lowering effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Dolezelova
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Evan Stein
- Metabolic and Atherosclerosis Research Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Giuseppe Derosa
- Centre of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.,Center for the Study of Endocrine-Metabolic Pathophysiology and Clinical Research, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Molecular Medicine Laboratory, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Pamela Maffioli
- Centre of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.,PhD School in Experimental Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Petr Nachtigal
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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16
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Griffiths K, Pazderska A, Ahmed M, McGowan A, Maxwell AP, McEneny J, Gibney J, McKay GJ. Type 2 Diabetes in Young Females Results in Increased Serum Amyloid A and Changes to Features of High Density Lipoproteins in Both HDL 2 and HDL 3. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:1314864. [PMID: 28596970 PMCID: PMC5450179 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1314864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have an elevated risk of atherosclerosis. High-density lipoproteins (HDL) normally protect against cardiovascular disease (CVD), but this may be attenuated by serum amyloid A (SAA). In a case-control study of young females, blood samples were compared between subjects with T2DM (n = 42) and individuals without T2DM (n = 42). SAA and apolipoprotein AI (apoAI) concentrations, paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), and lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activities were measured in the serum and/or HDL2 and HDL3 subfractions. SAA concentrations were higher in T2DM compared to controls: serum (30 mg/L (17, 68) versus 15 mg/L (7, 36); p = 0.002), HDL2 (1.0 mg/L (0.6, 2.2) versus 0.4 mg/L (0.2, 0.7); p < 0.001), and HDL3, (13 mg/L (8, 29) versus 6 mg/L (3, 13); p < 0.001). Serum-PON-1 activity was lower in T2DM compared to that in controls (38,245 U/L (7025) versus 41,109 U/L (5690); p = 0.043). CETP activity was higher in T2DM versus controls in HDL2 (232.6 μmol/L (14.1) versus 217.1 μmol/L (25.1); p = 0.001) and HDL3 (279.5 μmol/L (17.7) versus 245.2 μmol/L (41.2); p < 0.001). These results suggest that individuals with T2DM have increased SAA-related inflammation and dysfunctional HDL features. SAA may prove to be a useful biomarker in T2DM given its association with elevated CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mohammed Ahmed
- Department of Endocrinology, Tallaght Hospital, Dublin 24, Ireland
| | - Anne McGowan
- Department of Endocrinology, Tallaght Hospital, Dublin 24, Ireland
| | | | - Jane McEneny
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - James Gibney
- Department of Endocrinology, Tallaght Hospital, Dublin 24, Ireland
| | - Gareth J. McKay
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- *Gareth J. McKay:
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17
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Impact of statin therapy on plasma adiponectin concentrations: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 43 randomized controlled trial arms. Atherosclerosis 2016; 253:194-208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.07.897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Mazidi M, Rokni H, Sahebkar AH, Mohammadi A, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Ferns GA. Simvastatin Treatment Does Not Affect Serum Vitamin D Concentrations in Patients with Dyslipidemia: A Randomized Double-blind Placebo-controlled Cross-over Trial. Int J Prev Med 2016; 7:80. [PMID: 27330686 PMCID: PMC4910308 DOI: 10.4103/2008-7802.183652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) are antihyperlipidemic drugs with an established efficacy in stabilizing atherosclerotic plaques and preventing atherogenesis and reducing cardiovascular events. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of simvastatin on serum Vitamin D status in dyslipidemic patients as Vitamin D status has an impact on monocyte/macrophage function and may also contribute to cardiovascular risk. Methods: Selected individuals (n = 102) were treated with simvastatin (40 mg/day), or matching placebo in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. Each treatment period (with simvastatin or placebo) lasted for 30 days and was separated by a 2-week washout phase. Serum Vitamin D concentration was assessed pre- and post-treatment. Results: Seventy-seven completed the trial, noncompliance with the study protocol and drug intolerance or relocation were the causes for drop-out. No significant carry-over effect was observed for the assessed parameters. There was a reduction in the serum levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < 0.001), total cholesterol (P < 0.001), and triglycerides (P < 0.05). Nevertheless, simvastatin therapy did not significantly affect serum level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and Vitamin D level (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Short-term treatment with simvastatin (40 mg/day) does not have a significant affect on serum levels of Vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Mazidi
- Key State Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haleh Rokni
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Brighton, BN1 9PH, UK
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19
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Stein JD, Childers D, Gupta S, Talwar N, Nan B, Lee BJ, Smith TJ, Douglas R. Risk factors for developing thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy among individuals with Graves disease. JAMA Ophthalmol 2015; 133:290-6. [PMID: 25502604 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2014.5103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is a common and debilitating manifestation of Graves disease (GD). Presently little is known about factors that may increase the risk of developing TAO among patients with GD. OBJECTIVE To identify risk factors associated with the development of TAO among individuals with newly diagnosed GD. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In this longitudinal cohort study, all beneficiaries 18 years of age or older with newly diagnosed GD who were continuously enrolled in a large nationwide US managed care network and who visited an eye care professional 1 or more times from 2001 to 2009 were identified. International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification billing codes were used to identify those who developed manifestations of TAO. Multivariable Cox regression was used to determine the hazard of developing TAO among persons with newly diagnosed GD, with adjustment for sociodemographic factors, systemic medical conditions, thyrotropin levels, and medical and surgical interventions for management of hyperthyroidism. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Manifestations of TAO measured by hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs. RESULTS Of 8404 patients with GD who met the inclusion criteria, 740 (8.8%) developed TAO (mean follow-up, 374 days since initial GD diagnosis). After adjustment for potential confounders, surgical thyroidectomy, alone or in combination with medical therapy, was associated with a 74% decreased hazard for TAO (adjusted HR, 0.26 [95% CI, 0.12-0.51]) compared with radioactive iodine therapy alone. Statin use (for ≥60 days in the past year vs <60 days or nonuse) was associated with a 40% decreased hazard (adjusted HR, 0.60 [CI, 0.37-0.93]). No significant association was found for the use of nonstatin cholesterol-lowering medications or cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors and the development of TAO. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE If prospective studies can confirm our finding that a thyroidectomy and statin use are associated with substantially reduced hazards for TAO among patients with GD, preventive measures for this burdensome manifestation of GD may become a reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Stein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - David Childers
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Shivani Gupta
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Nidhi Talwar
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Bin Nan
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Brian J Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Terry J Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor3Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Raymond Douglas
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor4Veterans Administration Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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20
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Arnaboldi L, Corsini A. Could changes in adiponectin drive the effect of statins on the risk of new-onset diabetes? The case of pitavastatin. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2015; 16:1-27. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(14)70002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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21
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Zhang Y, Jiang X, Peng K, Chen C, Fu L, Wang Z, Feng J, Liu Z, Zhang H, Liang G, Pan Z. Discovery and evaluation of novel anti-inflammatory derivatives of natural bioactive curcumin. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2014; 8:2161-71. [PMID: 25395833 PMCID: PMC4226458 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s69914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin is a natural active product that has various pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory effects. Here, we report the synthesis and evaluation of 34 monocarbonyl curcumin analogs as novel anti-inflammatory agents. Among the analogs, the symmetrical heterocyclic type displayed the strongest inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in macrophages. Analogs S1–S5 and AS29 reduced tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) production in a dose-dependent manner and also displayed excellent stability and low cytotoxicity in vitro. In addition, analog S1 dose-dependently inhibited LPS-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation. Furthermore, analogs S1 and S4 displayed a significant protective effect on LPS-induced septic death in mouse models, with 40% and 50% survival rates, respectively. These data demonstrate that the heterocyclic monocarbonyl curcumin analogs have potential therapeutic effects in acute inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Zhang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Jiang
- The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Kesong Peng
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengwei Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Fu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianpeng Feng
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China ; Wenzhou Undersun Biotchnology Co. Ltd., Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Huajie Zhang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheer Pan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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Attenuation of Morphine Analgesic Tolerance by Rosuvastatin in Naïve and Morphine Tolerance Rats. Inflammation 2014; 38:134-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-0015-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Moezzi A, Parizadeh SMR, Tavallaie S, Mazidi M, Afzali F, Adab A, Ferns G, Ghayour Mobarhan M. Effects of simvastatin treatment on serum adiponectin concentrations in patients with dislipidemia. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2014; 16:e6915. [PMID: 25389496 PMCID: PMC4222022 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.6915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2012] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Adiponectin is an adipose tissue-derived protein with anti-inflammatory properties. Statins are a class of cholesterol-lowering drugs, widely used for treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Objectives: In the current study, we aimed to assess the effects of simvastatin on serum levels of adiponectin in patients with dyslipidemia, recruited from Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran. Materials and Methods: A total of 102 patients with dyslipidemia were treated with simvastatin or placebo during a double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled trial. The adiponectin levels were measured before and after each treatment period. Seventy seven participants completed the study. Results: There was a significant reduction in serum total cholesterol (approxmately 21%), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) (approxmately 28%), and triglycerides (approxmately 11%), after four weeks of treatment with simvastatin (P < 0.001). Conclusions: No significant change in serum adiponectin concentrations was observed after treatment with simvastatin. This may be because of the relatively short duration of treatment and longer treatment duration may be necessary to investigation in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Moezzi
- Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran
| | | | - Shima Tavallaie
- Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran
| | - Mohsen Mazidi
- Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran
| | - Fariba Afzali
- Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran
| | - Afrouz Adab
- Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran
| | - Gordon Ferns
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Majid Ghayour Mobarhan
- Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Majid Ghayour Mobarhan, Cardiovascular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran. Tel: +98-5118829261, Fax: +98-5118827040, E-mail:
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Casas R, Sacanella E, Urpí-Sardà M, Chiva-Blanch G, Ros E, Martínez-González MA, Covas MI, Salas-Salvadó J, Fiol M, Arós F, Estruch R. The effects of the mediterranean diet on biomarkers of vascular wall inflammation and plaque vulnerability in subjects with high risk for cardiovascular disease. A randomized trial. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100084. [PMID: 24925270 PMCID: PMC4055759 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) is associated with reduced morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular disease. However, how the MD exerts its effects is not fully known. Aim To assess the 12-month effects of two enhanced MDs compared to a low-fat diet on inflammatory biomarkers related to atherosclerosis and plaque vulnerability in a subcohort of the PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) study. Methods A total of 164 participants at high risk for cardiovascular disease were randomized into three diet groups: MD supplemented with 50mL/d of extra virgin olive oil (MD+EVOO) or 30 g/d of nuts (MD+Nuts) and a low-fat diet. Changes in classical cardiovascular risk factors, inflammatory biomarkers of atherosclerosis and plaque vulnerability were measured after 12 months of intervention. Results Compared to participants in the low-fat diet group, those receiving MD+EVOO and MD+Nuts showed a higher decrease in systolic (6mmHg) and diastolic (3mmHg) blood pressure (P = 0.02; both), as well as a reduction of 10% and 8% in LDL-cholesterol (P = 0.04), respectively. Patients in the MD+Nuts group showed a significant reduction of 34% in CD40 expression on monocyte surface compared to low-fat diet patients (P = 0.03). In addition, inflammatory biomarkers related to plaque instability such as C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 were reduced by 45% and 35% and 95% and 90% in the MD+EVOO and MD+Nuts groups, respectively (P<0.05; all) compared to the low-fat diet group. Likewise, sICAM and P-selectin were also reduced by 50% and 27%, respectively in the MD+EVOO group (P = 0.04) and P-selectin by 19% in MD+Nuts group (P = 0.04) compared to the low-fat diet group. Conclusions Adherence to the MD is associated with an increase in serum markers of atheroma plaque stability which may explain, at least in part, the protective role of MD against ischemic heart disease. Trial Registration www.controlled-trials.comISRCTN35739639
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Casas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER 06/03: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Sacanella
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER 06/03: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Mireia Urpí-Sardà
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Chiva-Blanch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER 06/03: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Ros
- CIBER 06/03: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Lipid Clinic, Service of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel-Angel Martínez-González
- CIBER 06/03: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria-Isabel Covas
- CIBER 06/03: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Municipal Institute for Medical Research (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Ma Lamuela-Raventos
- CIBER 06/03: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- CIBER 06/03: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Human Nutrition Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Miquel Fiol
- CIBER 06/03: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- University Institute for Health Sciences Investigation, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Fernando Arós
- CIBER 06/03: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Alava, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Ramon Estruch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER 06/03: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Krysiak R, Zmuda W, Okopień B. The effect of short-term simvastatin treatment on plasma adipokine levels in patients with isolated hypercholesterolemia: A preliminary report. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 66:880-4. [PMID: 25149995 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2014.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apart from reducing plasma lipids, statins produce numerous non-lipid-related pleiotropic effects. The aim of this study was to investigate whether short-term simvastatin treatment affects plasma adipokine levels in patients with isolated hypercholesterolemia. METHODS The study included 42 adult patients with untreated isolated hypercholesterolemia, complying throughout the study with lifestyle intervention, 23 of whom were treated with simvastatin (40 mg daily), as well as 18 healthy subjects with normal lipid profile. Plasma lipids, apolipoproteins, glucose metabolism markers, as well as plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), free fatty acids (FFA), leptin, adiponectin, visfatin and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were determined at baseline and after 30 days of treatment. RESULTS Compared with the control age-, sex-, and weight-matched healthy subjects, isolated hypercholesterolemic patients exhibited higher plasma levels of leptin, visfatin, TNF-α, FFA and CRP, as well as lower plasma levels of adiponectin. Apart from decreasing plasma total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein B-100 levels, simvastatin reduced plasma levels of FFA, leptin and TNF-α, as well as increased plasma levels of adiponectin, which was accompanied by a reduction in plasma CRP. There were no differences in simvastatin action on plasma adipokines and CRP between insulin-resistant and insulin-sensitive subjects. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the presence of isolated hypercholesterolemia is associated with abnormal hormonal function of the adipose tissue. These changes are partially reversed by short-term simvastatin treatment, and this action may contribute to the clinical effectiveness of statins in the therapy of atherosclerosis-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Krysiak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Witold Zmuda
- Invasive Cardiology, Electrotherapy and Angiology Centre, Oświęcim, Poland
| | - Bogusław Okopień
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Imam MU, Ishaka A, Ooi DJ, Zamri NDM, Sarega N, Ismail M, Esa NM. Germinated brown rice regulates hepatic cholesterol metabolism and cardiovascular disease risk in hypercholesterolaemic rats. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Luna JM, Moon YP, Liu KM, Spitalnik S, Paik MC, Cheung K, Sacco RL, Elkind MSV. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein and interleukin-6-dominant inflammation and ischemic stroke risk: the northern Manhattan study. Stroke 2014; 45:979-87. [PMID: 24627113 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.113.002289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a proinflammatory cytokine with known autoregulatory feedback mechanisms. We hypothesized that elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) relative to IL-6 confers an increased risk of ischemic stroke (IS), and low hsCRP relative to IL-6 a decreased risk, for individuals in the prospective, multiethnic, population-based Northern Manhattan Study (NOMAS). METHODS Serum hsCRP and IL-6 were measured in NOMAS participants at baseline. We created a trichotomized predictor based on the dominant biomarker in terms of quartiles: hsCRP-dominant, IL-6-dominant, and codominant groups. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the association between inflammatory biomarker group status and risk of incident IS. RESULTS Of 3298 participants, both hsCRP and IL-6 were available in 1656 participants (mean follow-up, 7.8 years; 113 incident IS). The hsCRP-dominant group had increased risk of IS (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.62; 95% confidence interval, 1.56-4.41) and the IL-6-dominant group had decreased risk (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.38; 95% confidence interval, 0.18-0.82) when compared with the referent group, after adjusting for potential confounders. Model fit was improved using the inflammation-dominant construct, over either biomarker alone. CONCLUSIONS In this multiethnic cohort, when hsCRP-quartile was higher than IL-6 quartile, IS risk was increased, and conversely when IL-6 quartiles were elevated relative to hsCRP, IS risk was decreased. Construct validity requires confirmation in other cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge M Luna
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY (J.M.L., M.S.V.E.); Departments of Neurology (Y.P.M., M.S.V.E.) and Pathology (K.M.L., S.S.), Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY; Division of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY (M.C.P., K.C.); Departments of Neurology, Epidemiology, and Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL (R.L.S.); and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY (M.S.V.E.)
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Rizvi AA, Nikolic D, Sallam HS, Montalto G, Rizzo M, Abate N. Adipokines and Lipoproteins: Modulation by Antihyperglycemic and Hypolipidemic Agents. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2014; 12:1-10. [DOI: 10.1089/met.2013.0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ali A. Rizvi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Dragana Nikolic
- Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Hanaa S. Sallam
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Giuseppe Montalto
- Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
- Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Nicola Abate
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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Wei W, Clockaerts S, Bastiaansen-Jenniskens YM, Gierman LM, Botter SM, Bierma-Zeinstra SMA, Weinans H, Verhaar JAN, Kloppenburg M, Zuurmond AM, van Osch GJVM. Statins and fibrates do not affect development of spontaneous cartilage damage in STR/Ort mice. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2014; 22:293-301. [PMID: 24280247 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2013.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Since statins and fibrates are capable of improving the metabolic profile of patients as well as decreasing inflammation, they are considered as potential drugs for preventing osteoarthritis (OA). The goal of the present study was to investigate the effect of these drugs in the STR/Ort spontaneous OA mouse model. DESIGN Male STR/Ort mice received control diet or control diet containing two different dosages of simvastatin or fenofibrate or a combination of both. Mice were euthanized after 16 weeks of treatment at the age of 24 weeks. Serum analysis for metabolic and inflammatory markers, histologic OA grading and micro computed tomography (μCT) analysis of subchondral bone plate were performed. RESULTS Simvastatin treatment did not have a statistically significant effect on any of the measured parameters. Fenofibrate treated mice gained less body weight (BW) and had lower serum amyloid A (SAA) levels, but higher Interleukin (IL)-1α and MIP1α than other mice. Mice treated with 200 mg/kg BW/day fenofibrate had less subchondral bone plate volume than control, but no statistically significant reduction in cartilage damage. In the combination treatment group, BW and SAA were lower than control. Overall, bodyweight, synovium membrane cell layers and SAA levels correlated to subchondral bone plate changes and subchondral bone plate changes correlated to cartilage damage. CONCLUSIONS Statins and fibrates did not affect development of cartilage damage in the STR/Ort spontaneous OA mouse model. Fenofibrates however, had an effect on BW, serum inflammation markers and subchondral bone plate morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - S Clockaerts
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Orthopaedics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | | | - L M Gierman
- TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - S M Botter
- Laboratory for Orthopedic Research, Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - S M A Bierma-Zeinstra
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - H Weinans
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands; Department of Orthopaedics, Utrecht University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - J A N Verhaar
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - M Kloppenburg
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | | | - G J V M van Osch
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Korita I, Bulo A, Langlois MR, Verhoye E, Blaton V. Serum amyloid A is independently related to apolipoprotein A-I but not to HDL-cholesterol in patients with angina pectoris. Clin Biochem 2013; 46:1660-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Wang Y, Yu C, Pan Y, Yang X, Huang Y, Feng Z, Li X, Yang S, Liang G. A novel synthetic mono-carbonyl analogue of curcumin, A13, exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in vivo by inhibition of inflammatory mediators. Inflammation 2012; 35:594-604. [PMID: 21614553 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-011-9350-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin is a pleiotropic molecule against inflammatory related diseases. However, poor bioavailability greatly limits its application in clinic. Our previous study synthesized and evaluated a hydrosoluble mono-carbonyl analogue of curcumin, (2E,5E)-2,5-bis(4-(3-(dimethylamino)-propoxy)benzylidene)cyclopentanone (A13). In the present study, we further evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of A13 in vivo. In lipopolysaccharide-challenged mice, pretreatment of A13 (15 mg/kg, i.v.) attenuated the increase of plasma level of NO, TNF-α, and IL-6, significantly inhibited the increase of hepatic inflammatory gene transcription, and improved pulmonary damages. In addition, A13 (10 or 30 mg/kg, i.p.) reduced vascular permeability in Institute of Cancer Research mice and inhibited pain reaction in chemically induced inflammatory models. Together, A13 exhibits anti-inflammatory activities both in vitro and in vivo by the inhibition of various inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, 325035, China
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Improved Metabolic Control in Diabetes, HSP60, and Proinflammatory Mediators. Autoimmune Dis 2012; 2012:346501. [PMID: 22924123 PMCID: PMC3424633 DOI: 10.1155/2012/346501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The diabetes-atherosclerosis relationship remains to be fully defined. Repeated prolonged hyperglycemia, increased ROS production and endothelial dysfunction are important factors. One theory is that increased blood levels of heat shock protein (HSP)60 are proinflammatory, through activation of innate immunity, and contribute to the progression of vascular disease. It was hypothesized that improvement of diabetes control in patients presenting with metabolic syndrome would lower HSP60, and anti-HSP60 antibody levels and decrease inflammatory markers. Paired sera of 17 Italian patients, before and after intensive treatment, were assayed for cytokines, HSP60 and anti-HSP60 antibodies. As expected, intensive treatment was associated with a decrease in HgbA1C (P < 0.001) and BMI (P < 0.001). After treatment, there was a significant decrease in IL-6 (P < 0.05). HSP60 levels were before treatment −6.9 + 1.9, after treatment −7.1 + 2.0 ng/mL (P = ns). Overall HSP60 concentrations were lower than published reports. Anti-HSP60 antibody titers were high and did not decrease with treatment. In conclusion, improvement of diabetic control did not alter HSP60 concentrations or antiHSP60 antibody titers, but led to a reduction of IL-6 levels.
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Liu R, Wang X, Bu P. Omentin-1 is associated with carotid atherosclerosis in patients with metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2011; 93:21-5. [PMID: 21497934 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2011.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Revised: 02/27/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIM The goal of this study was to investigate the association between omentin-1 and carotid atherosclerosis in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHOD We enrolled randomly 60 MetS patients, evaluated their carotid atherosclerosis employing ultrasonography and then divided them into two subgroups, MetS with atherosclerosis (MetS+AS) and MetS without atherosclerosis (MetS-AS) according to the level of carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and presence of plaque. Stiffness, strain and distensibility were calculated. Waist circumference and blood pressure (BP) were measured. Fasting blood sample was collected to determine biochemical indicators and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR). Omentin-1 plasma level was assessed by ELISA. Association of omentin-1 with CIMT and metabolic markers were studied. RESULTS Levels of omentin-1 were lower in MetS than in controls and reduced further in MetS+AS compared with MetS-AS. In correlation analysis, omentin-1 was negative associated with CIMT, stiffness, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), fast blood glucose (FBG), and HOMA-IR. CONCLUSIONS Omentin-1 is closely related to MetS and might play an important role in atherosclerosis in MetS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 250012 Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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Katsiki N, Mikhailidis DP, Gotzamani-Psarrakou A, Didangelos TP, Yovos JG, Karamitsos DT. Effects of improving glycemic control with insulin on leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin and neuropeptidey levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a pilot study. Open Cardiovasc Med J 2011; 5:136-47. [PMID: 21760856 PMCID: PMC3134985 DOI: 10.2174/1874192401105010136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Revised: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin therapy is associated with weight gain in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Several peptides are implicated in appetite control. We evaluated the effects of insulin-induced improved glycaemic control on leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin, neuropeptide Y (NPY) levels and patient characteristics. METHOD Consecutive T2DM patients (n = 90) were divided into 2 groups: Group A: 45 insulin-naïve uncontrolled (glycosylated haemoglobin A(1c); HbA(1c )>7%) patients on oral hypoglycaemic agents (OHAs) who converted to insulin monotherapy. Group B: 45 well-controlled (HbA(1c )<7%) patients on OHAs. Both groups were monitored at baseline, 3 and 6 months. Males and females were analyzed separately because some hormone levels differ between genders. RESULTS In both genders, insulin therapy (Group A) was associated with significant (p = 0.003 to <0.001) increases in weight, body mass index and leptin levels and significant decreases in glucose, HbA(1c) and NPY levels. In male insulin-treated patients a significant increase in adiponectin levels (p = 0.008) was observed. There were significant correlations (p = 0.016 to <0.001) between leptin levels, waist circumference and body fat in all patient groups, except group B males. CONCLUSION Changes in leptin, adiponectin and NPY levels may occur after insulin-induced improved glycaemic control. These changes may be influenced by gender, weight, body fat and HbA(1c).
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Katsiki
- First Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Shi XQ, Lim TK, Lee S, Zhao YQ, Zhang J. Statins alleviate experimental nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain. Pain 2011; 152:1033-1043. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2011.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2010] [Revised: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Katsiki N, Mikhailidis DP, Gotzamani-Psarrakou A, Yovos JG, Karamitsos D. Effect of various treatments on leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin and neuropeptide Y in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2011; 15:401-20. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2011.553609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Chu FJ, Jin XB, Zhu JY. Housefly maggots (Musca domestica) protein-enriched fraction/extracts (PE) inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced atherosclerosis pro-inflammatory responses. J Atheroscler Thromb 2010; 18:282-90. [PMID: 21157115 DOI: 10.5551/jat.5991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of housefly maggot (Musca domestica) protein-enriched fraction/extracts (PE) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced atherosclerosis (AS) pro-inflammatory responses in mice and macrophages. METHODS The mouse model of AS was established by feeding a cholesterol-enriched diet and inducing by LPS. Changes in the levels of blood lipids (total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL)) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (interferon-gamma (IFNγ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin-1alpha (IL-1α)) were determined. Histomorphometric analysis of the pathological condition of the artery was also carried out. The macrophages were stimulated by LPS in the presence or absence of PE, and then the levels of TNFα, IL-1α and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) in cell culture supernatant were measured. RESULTS Compared with the negative control group, the levels of three pro-inflammatory cytokines were significantly enhanced in the PE treatment group (p< 0.01). The concentrations of TC, TG and LDL were lower in the PE treatment group than in the negative control group (p< 0.01). HDL concentration in the PE treatment group was higher than in the negative control group (p< 0.01). Histomorphometric analysis showed that the thickness of the intima and media area, as well as the area ratio of the intima to media in the PE treatment group were lower than in the negative control group (p< 0.01). The expression of TNFα, IL-1α and MCP-1 in LPS-induced macrophages was inhibited by different concentrations of PE (p< 0.01). CONCLUSION These results indicate that PE potently inhibited multiple pro-inflammatory responses in experimental atherosclerosis lesions in vivo, and possessed anti-pro-inflammatory properties in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Jiang Chu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Bioactive Drugs Research, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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Synthesis and anti-inflammatory evaluation of novel mono-carbonyl analogues of curcumin in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Eur J Med Chem 2010; 45:5773-80. [PMID: 20934787 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2010] [Revised: 09/11/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin is a multifunctional natural product with regulatory effects on inflammation. However, a major limitation for the application of curcumin is its poor bioavailability. We previously demonstrated that the mono-carbonyl analogues of curcumin possessed improved pharmacokinetic profiles. In this study, 33 novel mono-carbonyl analogues of curcumin were synthesized and their inhibition against TNF-α and IL-6 release was evaluated in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Based on the screening data, quantitative structure-activity relationship was conducted, indicating that electron-withdrawing groups in benzene ring are favourable to anti-inflammatory activities of B-class compounds. Furthermore, compounds AN1 and B82 demonstrated anti-inflammatory abilities in a dose-dependent manner. These raise the possibility that these compounds might serve as potential agents for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Cardiol 2010; 25:411-21. [PMID: 20535070 DOI: 10.1097/hco.0b013e32833bf995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Current literature in diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2010; 26:i-xi. [PMID: 20474064 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.1019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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