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Jin Z, Zhang Q, Liu K, Wang S, Yan Y, Zhang B, Zhao L. The association between interleukin family and diabetes mellitus and its complications: An overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2024; 210:111615. [PMID: 38513987 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate and summarize the association between interleukin (IL) concentrations and diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications. METHODS Meta-analyses and eligible individual studies of observational studies investigating the associations between IL and DM and its complications were included. The random-effects model was used to estimate the summary effect, and the heterogeneity among studies was assessed using the Q-statistic and the I2 metric; The Egger's regression and the χ2 test were used to test for small study effects and excess significance bias. RESULTS This overview identified 34 meta-analyses that investigated the association between IL concentrations and DM and its complications. Meta-analyses of prospective studies indicated that elevated circulating IL-6 and IL-1β had predictive value for the incident of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) as well as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and the overall Hazard Ratio (HR) of T2DM was 1.28 (95 % CI: 1.17, 1.40; P<0.001) per 1 log pg/ml increment in IL-6 levels, however, there was no correlation between circulating IL-10 levels and DM. Meanwhile, the increased level of IL-6 was significantly associated several diabetic complications (Diabetic kidney disease[DKD], diabetic peripheral neuropathy[DPN], and cognitive impairment[CI]), and for the diabetic retinopathy (DR), the levels of IL-1β, IL-8 and IL-10 in the aqueous humor and vitreous humor, but not the blood were significantly correlated with it. CONCLUSION Multiple ILs, such as the IL-6 and IL-1β, are definitively linked to DM and its complications, and they may be new targets for the diagnosis and treatment, but stronger evidence needs to be confirmed by prospective studies with larger sample sizes and longer observation periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zishan Jin
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100105, China
| | - Qiqi Zhang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Sicheng Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100105, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Health Construction Administration Center, Guang' anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Boxun Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Linhua Zhao
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100105, China.
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Imerb N, Thonusin C, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. Aging, obese-insulin resistance, and bone remodeling. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 191:111335. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Valentini A, Cianfarani MA, Federici M, Tarantino U, Bertoli A. Osteoprotegerin in diabetic osteopathy. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:49-55. [PMID: 31757570 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between OPG and the degree of glycaemic control in a population of elderly subjects. METHODS AND RESULTS Data presented included 172 elderly subjects, of whom 107 were hospitalized for a hip fracture and 65 were non fractured outpatients. All participants received a multidimensional geriatric evaluation and underwent blood sampling. HbA1c, OPG, CTX and OC were measured and DXA scans were performed. Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) was measured in all outpatients. Diabetic patients had more comorbidities, higher mean values of lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD and T-score, lower circulating levels of OC and CTX, and higher circulating levels of OPG compared to non-diabetic subjects. OPG was directly correlated with HbA1c. This association was most evident in non-fractured elderly subjects. Moreover, diabetic patients with IMT>1.5 mm had greater mean values of OPG than non-diabetic subjects with high IMT and than elderly subjects with IMT < 1.5 mm, with and without T2DM. CONCLUSIONS Diabetic patients have reduced circulating levels of OC and CTX, and elevated serum levels of OPG, suggesting a state of low bone turnover. Reduced bone turnover causes an increase of BMD and could lead to a poor bone quality. OPG and HbA1c were directly correlated and OPG mean values were higher in diabetic patients with poor glucose control. Diabetic osteopathy could be considered a late complication of T2DM, directly related with the degree of glucose control and the duration of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Valentini
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria A Cianfarani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Federici
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Umberto Tarantino
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Aldo Bertoli
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
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Kotanidou EP, Kotanidis CP, Giza S, Serbis A, Tsinopoulou VR, Karalazou P, Tzimagiorgis G, Galli-Tsinopoulou A. Osteoprotegerin increases parallel to insulin resistance in obese adolescents. Endocr Res 2019; 44:9-15. [PMID: 29877745 DOI: 10.1080/07435800.2018.1480630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Purpose/Aim of the Study: Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is an α tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily glucoprotein that acts as a decoy receptor for the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL), exerting an antiresoptive bone effect. It was recently shown that OPG/RANKL axis is activated during vascular calcification, contributing to atherosclerotic lesions formation. Additionally, OPG levels are charachterized as an independent risk factor for overall vascular mortality in obese adults. We aimed to investigate OPG levels in children/adolescents with obesity and explore possible relations with obesity-related insulin resistance (IR). MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 160 participants (85 obese) were enrolled. Participants with obesity underwent an oral glucose tolerance test. IR was evaluated according to the homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index. Serum OPG levels were determined. RESULTS OPG levels did not differ significantly between obese subjects and controls in the total sample (p = 0.133). However, in the adolescents' subgroup, serum OPG levels were significantly increased in obesity (p = 0.019). After stratifying participants according to their IR status, only subjects with both obesity and IR exhibited increased OPG levels compared to controls (p < 0.001). Factor analysis further associated OPG levels variation to insulin levels variation and to IR. CONCLUSIONS Obese individuals demonstrate increased serum OPG levels during puberty. Obesity per se is not the potent factor for this increase; indeed, IR accompanying obesity seems to exert a fundamental role in OPG upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni P Kotanidou
- a 4th Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Papageorgiou General Hospital , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Christos P Kotanidis
- a 4th Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Papageorgiou General Hospital , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Styliani Giza
- a 4th Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Papageorgiou General Hospital , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Anastasios Serbis
- a 4th Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Papageorgiou General Hospital , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Vasiliki-Regina Tsinopoulou
- a 4th Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Papageorgiou General Hospital , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Paraskevi Karalazou
- b Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Georgios Tzimagiorgis
- b Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Assimina Galli-Tsinopoulou
- a 4th Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Papageorgiou General Hospital , Thessaloniki , Greece
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5
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Katsiki N, Mikhailidis DP, Banach M. Leptin, cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:1176-1188. [PMID: 29877321 PMCID: PMC6289384 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2018.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptin, an adipokine that is implicated in the control of food intake via appetite suppression, may also stimulate oxidative stress, inflammation, thrombosis, arterial stiffness, angiogenesis and atherogenesis. These leptin-induced effects may predispose to the development of cardiovascular diseases. In the present review we discuss the evidence linking leptin levels with the presence, severity and/or prognosis of both coronary artery disease and non-cardiac vascular diseases such as stroke, carotid artery disease, peripheral artery disease (PAD) and abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) as well as with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Leptin levels have been positively associated with the presence, severity, extent and lesion complexity of coronary atherosclerosis as well as with the presence, severity and poor clinical outcomes of both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. But conflicting results also exist. Furthermore, leptin was reported to independently predict common carotid intima-media thickness and carotid plaque instability. A link between hyperleptinemia and PAD has been reported, whereas limited data were available on the potential association between leptin and AAA. Elevated leptin concentrations have also been related to CKD incidence and progression as well as with insulin resistance, T2DM, micro- and macrovascular diabetic complications. Statins and antidiabetic drugs (including sitagliptin, metformin, pioglitazone, liraglutide and empagliflozin) may affect leptin levels. Further research is needed to establish the potential use (if any) of leptin as a therapeutic target in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Katsiki
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippocration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, UK.
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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6
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Fekih O, Triki H, Triki S, Neffati F, Chouchane S, Guediche MN, Najjar MF. Osteoprotegerin as a marker of cardiovascular risk in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 2017; 18:230-236. [PMID: 27111559 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated osteoprotegerin (OPG) levels have been reported in patients with diabetes complications. We investigated whether plasma OPG levels can be used as a marker of cardiovascular risk in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D). METHODS Plasma blood samples were obtained from 243 subjects (143 children and adolescents with T1D and 100 healthy controls). OPG concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. All data were analyzed by using PASW statistics 18. RESULTS A significant higher plasma OPG level was found in children with T1D compared to controls (p < 0.001). A significant increase of OPG levels has been related to the glucose level ≥ 7 mmol/L (2.44 [0.01-6.22] vs. 2.16 [0.13-6.22] pmol/L, p = 0.019), microalbuminuria ≥ 30 mg/24 h (3.71 [0.160-6.03] vs. 2.26 [0.01-6.22] pmol/L, p < 0.001), and cystatin-C ≥ 0.789 mg/L (2.64 [0.37-6.22] vs. 2.11 [0.01-5.82] pmol/L, p < 0.001). We noted a significant higher frequency of children with increased cystatin-C levels in the group with elevated plasma level of OPG compared with those with normal levels (49 vs. 18%, respectively) with an odds ratio (OR) = 4.42 [1.41-13.84] (p = 0.006). We showed a significant increase of OPG levels when the number of cardiovascular risk factors exceeds 3 (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION OPG may be a potential biomarker of cardiovascular risk in T1D. Implementation of OPG determination in the clinical laboratory setting would be useful in order to better stratify patients and to assess the most adequate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ons Fekih
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Monastir's University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia.,Biochemistry Department, Sahloul's University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Hamdi Triki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Monastir's University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Sonia Triki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Monastir's University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia.,Biochemistry Department, Sahloul's University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Fadoua Neffati
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Monastir's University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia.,Biochemistry Department, Sahloul's University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | | | | | - Mohamed Fadhel Najjar
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Monastir's University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
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Rodrigues KF, Pietrani NT, Bosco AA, Campos FMF, Sandrim VC, Gomes KB. IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 levels/polymorphisms and their association with type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity in Brazilian individuals. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2017; 61:438-446. [PMID: 28225860 PMCID: PMC10522244 DOI: 10.1590/2359-3997000000254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the association of plasma TNF-α, IL-6, and lL-10 levels and cytokine gene polymorphisms [TNF-α (-308 G→A), IL-6 (-174 C→G) and IL-10 (-1082 A→G, -819 T→C and -592 A→C)] in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obese patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS One hundred and two T2DM patients and 62 controls were included in this study. Cytokine plasma levels were measured by the Cytometric Bead Array method. Genotyping was carried out by the polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS IL-6 levels were significantly different between T2DM patients and controls. Interestingly, IL-6 levels were higher in T2DM patients with BMI > 30 kg/m2 compared with other patients and obese controls. The genotype and allele frequencies were similar between patients and controls. In the T2DM group, the SNP IL-10 -819 T/C showed a difference between the cytokine level and genotypes: IL-10 level in the TT genotype was significantly higher when compared to CC genotype. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest an association between IL-6 levels and obesity, and IL-10 levels and the SNP -819 T/C in T2DM. Knowledge of these variants in T2DM might contribute to a better understanding of the role of inflammation in the etiology and progression of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryna Fontana Rodrigues
- Instituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMGBrasilInstituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Nathalia Teixeira Pietrani
- Instituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMGBrasilInstituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Adriana Aparecida Bosco
- Instituto de Ensino e PesquisaSanta Casa de Belo HorizonteBelo HorizonteMGBrasilInstituto de Ensino e Pesquisa, Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | | | - Valéria Cristina Sandrim
- Instituto de BiociênciasUniversidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita FilhoBotucatuSPBrasilInstituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (Unesp), Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - Karina Braga Gomes
- Faculdade de FarmáciaUFMGBelo HorizonteMGBrasilFaculdade de Farmácia, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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Maser RE, Lenhard MJ, Sneider MB, Pohlig RT. Osteoprotegerin is a Better Serum Biomarker of Coronary Artery Calcification than Osteocalcin in Type 2 Diabetes. Endocr Pract 2016; 21:14-22. [PMID: 25100392 DOI: 10.4158/ep14229.or] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is a prominent feature of atherosclerosis and is associated with cardiovascular events. In vitro studies have suggested that osteoprotegerin (OPG) and osteocalcin (OC) exert anticalcification potential in the vessel wall. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of CAC and serum bone biomarkers in persons with type 2 diabetes. METHODS We examined 50 individuals with type 2 diabetes. CAC imaging was performed by multidetector computed tomography. CAC scores ≥10, expressed in Agatston units, were considered abnormal. OC, undercarboxylated OC (ucOC), and OPG levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Abnormal CAC scores were found for 64% of the study cohort. OPG levels were significantly elevated (5.5 ± 2.0 pmol/L vs. 4.2 ± 1.7 pmol/L; P = .026) for those with abnormal CAC scores. No univariate differences were found for OC or ucOC. Logistic regression analyses revealed that an increase in serum OPG level was significantly associated with an increase in CAC score (odds ratio, 3.324; 95% confidence interval, 1.321 to 8.359; P = .011). Longer duration of diabetes was a significant covariate (P = .026), whereas nonsignificant covariates in the final model were age, gender, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, insulin resistance determined by the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance, leptin, adiponectin, and glycemic control. The Nagelkerke R2 for the model was 0.66. Neither OC nor ucOC were significantly associated with elevated CAC scores. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that OPG is a more useful serum biomarker than OC or ucOC for identifying those at increased risk of arterial calcification in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raelene E Maser
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware Diabetes and Metabolic Research Center, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, Delaware
| | - M James Lenhard
- Diabetes and Metabolic Research Center, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, Delaware Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Center, Christiana Care Health System, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - Michael B Sneider
- Department of Radiology, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, Delaware
| | - Ryan T Pohlig
- Biostatistics Core Facility, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
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The Mechanism by Which Amentoflavone Improves Insulin Resistance in HepG2 Cells. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21050624. [PMID: 27187341 PMCID: PMC6274486 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21050624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to explore the mechanism by which amentoflavone (AME) improves insulin resistance in a human hepatocellular liver carcinoma cell line (HepG2). Methods: A model of insulin resistant cells was established in HepG2 by treatment with high glucose and insulin. The glucose oxidase method was used to detect the glucose consumption in each group. To determine the mechanism by which AME improves insulin resistance in HepG2 cells, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blotting were used to detect the expression of phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI3K), Akt, and pAkt; the activity of the enzymes involved in glucose metabolism; and the levels of inflammatory cytokines. Results: Insulin resistance was successfully induced in HepG2 cells. After treatment with AME, the glucose consumption increased significantly in HepG2 cells compared with the model group (MG). The expression of PI3K, Akt, and pAkt and the activity of 6-phosphofructokinas (PFK-1), glucokinase (GCK), and pyruvate kinase (PK) increased, while the activity of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase kinase (PEPCK), and glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase) as well as the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and C reactive protein (CRP) decreased. Conclusions: The mechanism by which treatment with AME improves insulin resistance in HepG2 cells may involve the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, the processes of glucose oxygenolysis, glycogen synthesis, gluconeogenesis and inflammatory cytokine expression.
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Bernardi S, Bossi F, Toffoli B, Fabris B. Roles and Clinical Applications of OPG and TRAIL as Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:1752854. [PMID: 27200369 PMCID: PMC4856888 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1752854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the major cause of death and premature disability in Western societies. Assessing the risk of CVD is an important aspect in clinical decision-making. Among the growing number of molecules that are studied for their potential utility as CVD biomarkers, a lot of attention has been focused on osteoprotegerin (OPG) and its ligands, which are receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand. Based on the existing literature and on our experience in this field, here we review what the possible roles of OPG and TRAIL in CVD are and their potential utility as CVD biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Bernardi
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Strada di Fiume, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Fleur Bossi
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Strada di Fiume, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Barbara Toffoli
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Strada di Fiume, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Bruno Fabris
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Strada di Fiume, 34149 Trieste, Italy
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11
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Maser RE, Lenhard MJ, Pohlig RT, Balagopal PB. Osteopontin and osteoprotegerin levels in type 2 diabetes and their association with cardiovascular autonomic function. J Diabetes Complications 2016; 30:507-10. [PMID: 26775555 PMCID: PMC5646274 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Osteopontin (OPN) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) are bone metabolism biomarkers potentially associated with nerve function. We evaluated the association of cardiovascular autonomic nerve function, OPN, and OPG in 50 individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS RR-variation during deep breathing (i.e., mean circular resultant (MCR) and expiration/inspiration (E/I) ratio) was used to assess parasympathetic nerve function. Participants' demographics, HbA1c, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), BMI, HOMA-IR, calcium, parathyroid hormone, creatinine, OPN, and OPG were determined. RESULTS Using stepwise multiple linear regression analysis with MCR or E/I ratio as the dependent variable, OPN was independently associated with reduced autonomic function. A previous report showed a significant association of cardiovascular autonomic function with age, 25(OH)D insufficiency, and the interaction of age×25(OH)D insufficiency. Here we report a novel association for OPN and its interaction with age indicating that for those who are younger, elevated OPN levels are related to a greater loss of autonomic function (MCR model R2=0.598, p<0.001; E/I model R2=0.594, p<0.001). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that OPN is associated with reduced parasympathetic function, particularly in younger individuals with T2DM. Further studies are needed to determine if OPN is neuroprotective, involved in the pathogenesis of autonomic dysfunction, or a bystander.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raelene E Maser
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA; Diabetes and Metabolic Research Center, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE, USA.
| | - M James Lenhard
- Diabetes and Metabolic Research Center, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE, USA; Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Center, Christiana Care Health System, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Ryan T Pohlig
- Biostatistics Core Facility, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - P Babu Balagopal
- Biomedical Research & Analysis Laboratory, Nemours Children's Specialty Care & Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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12
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Qiao YC, Shen J, He L, Hong XZ, Tian F, Pan YH, Liang L, Zhang XX, Zhao HL. Changes of Regulatory T Cells and of Proinflammatory and Immunosuppressive Cytokines in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:3694957. [PMID: 27777959 PMCID: PMC5061980 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3694957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes of regulatory T cells (Treg), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods. We performed a comprehensive search up to July 2016 for all clinical studies about the changes of Treg, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, TGF-β, and TNF-α in T2DM patients versus healthy controls. Results. A total of 91 articles (5642 cases and 7378 controls) were included for this meta-analysis. Compared with the controls (all p < 0.001), the patients had increased serum levels of IL-6, TGF-β, and TNF-α but decreased the percentage of peripheral CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg and serum IL-10 level. Furthermore, the percentage of peripheral CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg (p < 0.001) and serum IL-10 level (p = 0.033) were significantly lower in the patients with complication and in the patients without complication, respectively. No significant changes about the percentage of CD4+CD25+Treg (p = 0.360) and serum IL-17 level (p = 0.459) were found in T2DM patients. Conclusions. T2DM patients have decreased the percentage of peripheral CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg and levels of serum IL-10 but elevated serum levels of IL-6, TGF-β, and TNF-α. Presence of diabetic complications further lowers the peripheral CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-chao Qiao
- Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Jian Shen
- Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Lan He
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Xue-zhi Hong
- Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Fang Tian
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Yan-hong Pan
- Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Ling Liang
- Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Xiao-xi Zhang
- Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Hai-lu Zhao
- Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
- *Hai-lu Zhao:
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13
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Saad MI, Abdelkhalek TM, Saleh MM, Kamel MA, Youssef M, Tawfik SH, Dominguez H. Insights into the molecular mechanisms of diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction: focus on oxidative stress and endothelial progenitor cells. Endocrine 2015; 50:537-67. [PMID: 26271514 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0709-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous, multifactorial, chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia owing to insulin insufficiency and insulin resistance (IR). Recent epidemiological studies showed that the diabetes epidemic affects 382 million people worldwide in 2013, and this figure is expected to be 600 million people by 2035. Diabetes is associated with microvascular and macrovascular complications resulting in accelerated endothelial dysfunction (ED), atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Unfortunately, the complex pathophysiology of diabetic cardiovascular damage is not fully understood. Therefore, there is a clear need to better understand the molecular pathophysiology of ED in diabetes, and consequently, better treatment options and novel efficacious therapies could be identified. In the light of recent extensive research, we re-investigate the association between diabetes-associated metabolic disturbances (IR, subclinical inflammation, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, dysregulated production of adipokines, defective incretin and gut hormones production/action, and oxidative stress) and ED, focusing on oxidative stress and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). In addition, we re-emphasize that oxidative stress is the final common pathway that transduces signals from other conditions-either directly or indirectly-leading to ED and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed I Saad
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Taha M Abdelkhalek
- Department of Human Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Moustafa M Saleh
- Department of Human Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Maher A Kamel
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mina Youssef
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Shady H Tawfik
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Helena Dominguez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
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14
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Hou J, Fu J, Li D, Han X, Li L, Song W, Yao M, Liu J. Transcriptomic Analysis of Myocardial Ischemia Using the Blood of Rat. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141915. [PMID: 26540270 PMCID: PMC4634849 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia is a pathological state of heart with reduced blood flow to heart and abnormal myocardial energy metabolism. This disease occurs commonly in middle aged and elderly people. Several studies have indicated that the rat was an appropriate animal model used to study myocardial ischemia. In this study, in order to gain insights into the pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia, we sequenced the transcriptomes of three normal rats as control and the same number of myocardial ischemia rats. We sequenced the genomes of 6 rats, including 3 cases (myocardial ischemia) and 3 controls using Illumina HiSeq 2000. Then we calculated the gene expression values and identified differentially expressed genes based on reads per kilobase transcriptome per million (RPKM). Meanwhile we performed a GO enrichment analysis and predicted novel transcripts. In our study, we found that 707 genes were up-regulated and 21 genes were down-regulated in myocardial ischemia rats by at least 2-fold compared with controls. By the distribution of reads and the annotation of reference genes, we found 1,703 and 1,552 novel transcripts in cases and controls, respectively. At the same time, we refined the structure of 9,587 genes in controls and 10,301 in cases. According to the results of GO term and pathway analysis of differentially expressed genes, we found that the immune response, stimulus response, response to stress and some diseases may be associated with myocardial ischemia. Since many diseases, especially immune diseases, are associated with myocardial ischemia, we should pay more attention to the complications which might result from myocardial ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincai Hou
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Fu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Li
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Li
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, China
| | - Wenting Song
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, China
| | - Mingjiang Yao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxun Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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15
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Vargas-Alarcón G, Cruz-López M, Valladares A, Álvarez-León E, Juárez-Cedillo T, Pérez-Méndez Ó, de-la-Peña JE, Escobedo G, Fragoso JM. The interleukin-1β-511 T>C (rs16944) gene polymorphism is associated with risk of developing silent myocardial ischemia in diabetic patients. Immunol Lett 2015; 168:7-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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16
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Pope NH, Salmon M, Johnston WF, Lu G, Lau CL, Upchurch GR, Ailawadi G. Interleukin-6 Receptor Inhibition Prevents Descending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Formation. Ann Thorac Surg 2015; 100:1620-6. [PMID: 26165482 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAA) and abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) represent related but distinct disease processes. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is known to be significantly upregulated in human TAA and AAA. We hypothesize that loss of IL-6 is protective in experimental TAA and AAA. METHODS Murine TAAs or AAAs were created using a novel model in C57/B6 mice by treating the intact aorta with elastase. Cytokine profiles were analyzed with antibody arrays (n = 5 per group). Separately, to determine the role of IL-6, thoracic (n = 7) or abdominal (n = 7) aortas of wild type mice and IL-6 knockout (KO) mice were treated with elastase. Additionally, thoracic animals treated with either the IL-6 receptor antagonist tocilizumab (n = 8) or vehicle (n = 5). Finally, human TAA and AAA were analyzed with human cytokine array. RESULTS Elastase treatment of thoracic aortas yielded dilation of 86.8% ± 9.6%, and abdominal aortas produced dilation of 85.6% ± 16.2%. Murine IL-6, CXCL13, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 were significantly elevated in TAA compared with AAA (p = 0.004, 0.028, and 0.001, respectively). The IL-6KO mice demonstrated significantly smaller TAA size relative to wild type mice (wild type 100.1% versus IL-6KO 76.5%, p = 0.04). The IL-6KO mice did not show protection from AAA (p = 0.732). Pharmacologic inhibition of IL-6 resulted in significant reduction in TAA size (tocilizumab 71.5% ± 13.2% versus vehicle 103.6% ± 20.7%, p = 0.005). Human TAA showed significantly greater IL-6 (p < 0.0001) compared with AAA and normal thoracic and abdominal aorta. CONCLUSIONS Interleukin-6 is significantly greater in both murine and human TAA compared with AAA, suggesting fundamental differences in these disease processes. Interleukin-6 receptor antagonism attenuates experimental TAA formation, indicating that IL-6 may be a potential target for human thoracic aneurysmal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas H Pope
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Morgan Salmon
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - William F Johnston
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Guanyi Lu
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Christine L Lau
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Gilbert R Upchurch
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Gorav Ailawadi
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.
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17
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Osteoprotegerin concentrations in patients with suspected reversible myocardial ischemia: observations from the Akershus Cardiac Examination (ACE) 1 Study. Cytokine 2015; 73:122-7. [PMID: 25748834 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Increased circulating osteoprotegerin (OPG) levels have been associated with the prevalence and severity of coronary artery disease and the risk of cardiovascular death. OPG is a cytokine of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily and is expressed in various cell types in the body, including osteoblasts, inflammatory cells, vascular smooth muscle cells/endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes. The main sources determining OPG levels in the circulation however, are not well understood, and whether reversible myocardial ischemia influences OPG levels are not known. Accordingly, OPG levels were measured in 198 patients referred for exercise stress testing and myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI). In addition OPG levels were measured in 8 healthy control subjects performing a maximal bicycle stress test. Plasma samples were collected before, immediately after, 1.5h and 4.5h after exercise stress testing with MPI. OPG levels at baseline were not different in patient with reversible myocardial ischemia (n=19) and patients without reversible ischemia (n=179) (4.7 [3.6-5.5]pmol/L vs. 4.3 [3.4-5.2]pmol/L, p=0.21), and there was an increase in OPG levels immediately after exercise regardless of whether or not the patient had reversible ischemia on MPI (absolute increase: 0.2 [0-0.55]pmol/L vs. 0.3 [0-0.5]pmol/L, p=0.72). OPG levels also increased immediately after stress in the 8 control subjects (3.5 (3.2-3.8)pmol/L at baseline to 3.8 (3.5-4.7), p=0.008). In conclusion, OPG levels increase acutely during exercise stress testing, but this increase is likely caused by mechanisms other than myocardial ischemia.
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18
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Pérez de Ciriza C, Lawrie A, Varo N. Osteoprotegerin in Cardiometabolic Disorders. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:564934. [PMID: 26078757 PMCID: PMC4442310 DOI: 10.1155/2015/564934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoprotegerin (OPG), a glycoprotein traditionally implicated in bone remodelling, has been recently related to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Human studies show a positive relationship between circulating OPG, vascular damage, and CVD, and as such OPG has emerged as a potential biomarker for CVD. This review focuses on the relationship between circulating OPG and different endocrine cardiometabolic alterations such as type 1 and 2 diabetes. The association of OPG with diabetic complications (neuropathy, nephropathy, or retinopathy) as well as with atherosclerosis, coronary artery calcification, morbidity, and mortality is pointed out. Moreover, OPG modulation by different treatments is also established. Besides, other associated diseases such as obesity, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome, which are known cardiovascular risk factors, are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Pérez de Ciriza
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avenida Pío XII 36, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - A. Lawrie
- Department of Cardiovascular Science, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - N. Varo
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avenida Pío XII 36, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- *N. Varo:
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19
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Cole HA, Ohba T, Nyman JS, Hirotaka H, Cates JMM, Flick MJ, Degen JL, Schoenecker JG. Fibrin accumulation secondary to loss of plasmin-mediated fibrinolysis drives inflammatory osteoporosis in mice. Arthritis Rheumatol 2014; 66:2222-33. [PMID: 24664548 DOI: 10.1002/art.38639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder characterized by low bone mass and increased bone fragility associated with aging, menopause, smoking, obesity, or diabetes. Persistent inflammation has been identified as an instigating factor in progressive bone loss. In addition to the role of fibrin in coagulation, inordinate fibrin deposition within a tissue matrix results in increased local inflammation. Given that fibrin accumulation is a hallmark of osteoporosis-related comorbidities, we undertook this study to test the hypothesis that persistent fibrin deposition causes inflammatory osteoporosis. METHODS Multiple imaging modalities, bone integrity metrics, and histologic analyses were employed to evaluate skeletal derangements in relation to fibrin deposition, circulating fibrinogen levels, and systemic markers of inflammation in mice that were plasminogen deficient and in plasminogen-deficient mice that were concomitantly either fibrinogen deficient or carrying a mutant form of fibrinogen lacking the αM β2 binding motif. RESULTS Mice generated with a genetic deficit in the key fibrinolytic protease, plasmin, uniformly developed severe osteoporosis. Furthermore, the development of osteoporosis was fibrin(ogen) dependent, and the derangements in the bone remodeling unit were mechanistically tied to fibrin(ogen)-mediated activation of osteoclasts via activation of the leukocyte integrin receptor αM β2 on monocytes and secondary stimulation of osteoblasts by RANKL. Notably, the genetic elimination of fibrin(ogen) or the expression of a mutant form of fibrinogen retaining clotting function but lacking the αM β2 binding motif prevented the degenerative skeletal phenotypes, resulting in normal local and systemic cytokine levels. CONCLUSION Taken together, these data reveal for the first time that fibrin promotes inflammation-driven systemic osteoporosis, which suggests a novel association between hemostasis, inflammation, and bone biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A Cole
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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20
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Yu G, Ji X, Jin J, Bu S. Association of serum and vitreous concentrations of osteoprotegerin with diabetic retinopathy. Ann Clin Biochem 2014; 52:232-6. [PMID: 24723620 DOI: 10.1177/0004563214533669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis is involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Osteoprotegerin, a recently identified glycoprotein belonging to the tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily, has been implicated to be correlated with angiogenesis. This study aims to determine whether serum and vitreous concentrations of osteoprotegerin are associated with diabetic retinopathy. METHODS This study consisted of 254 diabetic patients (100 without diabetic retinopathy, 64 with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy and 90 with proliferative diabetic retinopathy) and 62 control subjects. Serum and vitreous concentrations of osteoprotegerin were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. RESULTS Serum and vitreous osteoprotegerin concentrations in proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients were significantly elevated compared with those of the other three groups. Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients showed elevated concentrations of serum and vitreous osteoprotegerin compared with patients without diabetic retinopathy. In addition, control subjects had significantly lower serum and vitreous osteoprotegerin concentrations compared with diabetic patients without retinopathy, non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients and proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients. CONCLUSIONS Serum and vitreous osteoprotegerin concentrations are associated with the presence and severity of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gehua Yu
- Department of Immunology, Immunology Laboratory, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ji
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ji Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shuyang Bu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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