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Spearman KJ, Hardesty JL, Campbell J. Post-separation abuse: A concept analysis. J Adv Nurs 2023; 79:1225-1246. [PMID: 35621362 PMCID: PMC9701248 DOI: 10.1111/jan.15310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM To report an analysis of the concept of post-separation abuse and its impact on the health of children and adult survivors. DESIGN Concept analysis. DATA SOURCES A literature search was conducted via PubMed, Cochrane and Embase and identified articles published from 1987 to 2021. METHODS Walker and Avant's (2019) eight stage methodology was used for this concept analysis, including identifying the concept, determining the purpose of analysis, identifying uses of the concept, defining attributes, identifying a model case and contrary case, antecedents and consequences and defining empirical referents. RESULTS Post-separation abuse can be defined as the ongoing, willful pattern of intimidation of a former intimate partner including legal abuse, economic abuse, threats and endangerment to children, isolation and discrediting and harassment and stalking. An analysis of literature identified essential attributes including fear and intimidation; domination, power and control; intrusion and entrapment; omnipresence; and manipulation of systems. Antecedents to post-separation abuse include patriarchal norms, physical separation, children, spatiality and availability, pre-separation IPV and coercive control and perpetrator characteristics. Consequences include lethality, adverse health consequences, institutional violence and betrayal, such as loss of child custody and economic deprivation. CONCLUSION This concept analysis provides a significant contribution to the literature because it advances the science for understanding the phenomenon of post-separation abuse. It will aid in developing risk assessment tools and interventions to improve standards of care for adult and children survivors following separation from an abusive partner. IMPACT This concept analysis of post-separation abuse provides a comprehensive insight into the phenomenon and a theoretical foundation to inform instrument development, future research and intervention. Post-separation abuse is a complex, multi-faceted phenomenon that requires differential social, legal and healthcare systems responses to support the health and well-being of survivors and their children.
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Logan TK, Cole J. Mental Health and Recovery Needs Among Women Substance Use Disorder Treatment Clients With Stalking Victimization Experiences. JOURNAL OF DRUG ISSUES 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/00220426231159307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
This study examined mental health and recovery needs at substance use disorder (SUD) program entry and at follow-up ( n = 2064) among: (1) women with no stalking victimization; (2) women with lifetime stalking victimization experiences; and (3) women with recent stalking victimization experiences (within 12 months of program entry). Stalking can be defined as a repeated pattern of behavior that creates fear or concern for safety or extreme emotional distress in the target. Women who experienced any stalking victimization, and particularly recent stalking victimization at program entry, had more recovery needs and increased mental health symptoms. At follow-up, women with any stalking victimization experiences continued to have more recovery needs with few differences between the lifetime and recent stalking victimization groups. Stalking victimization experiences were significantly associated with depression and anxiety symptoms in the multivariate analysis. Addressing stalking victimization during SUD treatment may be important to facilitate recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- TK Logan
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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Spearman KJ, Vaughan-Eden V, Hardesty JL, Campbell J. Post-separation abuse: A literature review connecting tactics to harm. JOURNAL OF FAMILY TRAUMA, CHILD CUSTODY & CHILD DEVELOPMENT 2023; 21:145-164. [PMID: 38784521 PMCID: PMC11114442 DOI: 10.1080/26904586.2023.2177233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Post-separation abuse is a pervasive societal and public health problem. This literature review aims to critically synthesize the evidence on tactics and consequences of post-separation abuse. We examined 48 published articles in the US and Canada from 2011 through May 2022. Post-separation abuse encompasses a broad range of tactics perpetrated by a former intimate partner including patterns of psychological, legal, economic, and mesosystem abuse as well as weaponizing children. Functional consequences include risk of lethality and deprivation of fundamental human needs. Connecting tactics of post-separation abuse to harms experienced by survivors and their children is crucial for future research, policy, and intervention work to promote long-term safety, health, and well-being of children and adult survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Viola Vaughan-Eden
- The Ethelyn R. Strong School of Social Work, Norfolk State University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
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Lahav Y. Hyper-Sensitivity to the Perpetrator and the Likelihood of Returning to Abusive Relationships. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:NP1815-NP1841. [PMID: 35499214 PMCID: PMC9709555 DOI: 10.1177/08862605221092075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
STUDY QUESTIONS Although most women who are subjected to intimate partner violence attempt to leave their abusive partners, many return, and resultantly are at risk for even greater violence. Research to date has documented relations between several factors (income and economic dependence, frequency of intimate partner violence (IPV), fear of violence escalations, history of childhood abuse, and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms) and women's returning to their abusive partners. Nevertheless, the contribution of women's emotional bonds with their violent partners, known as identification with the aggressor (IWA), in explaining their perceived likelihood of going back to the relationship, has remained unclear. SUBJECTS The current study, conducted among 258 Israeli women who had left their violent partners, aimed to fill this void. METHODS An online survey was conducted. Demographic variables, history of childhood abuse, frequency of IPV, economic dependence on former partner, fear of future violence escalation, post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, IWA, and perceived likelihood of returning to the relationship, were assessed via self-report questionnaire. FINDINGS Results indicated that two aspects of IWA-becoming hyper-sensitive to the perpetrator and adopting the perpetrator's experience-were related to women's perceived likelihood of returning to the relationship. Furthermore, a logistic regression analysis indicated that only two factors-income and becoming hyper-sensitive to the perpetrator-uniquely contributed to explaining the likelihood of returning to abusive partners. Major implications: The current findings suggest that women's tendency to be highly attuned to their partners' feelings and needs, as a part of IWA, may impede their ability to permanently leave abusive relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Lahav
- Department of Occupational Therapy,
Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv
University, Israel
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5
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Logan TK, Showalter K. Work Harassment and Resource Loss Among (Ex)partner Stalking Victims. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:NP1060-NP1087. [PMID: 35549528 DOI: 10.1177/08862605221086649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Prior research suggests that economic abuse and work sabotage are common tactics for abusers and (ex)partner stalkers. This study examines the context and timing (i.e., during the relationship or during separation) of work harassment among women stalked by abusive (ex)partners among victims who did (n=271) and who did not (n=302) experience work losses (significant problems at work or loss of work due to the abuse/stalking) and whether work losses and non-work related resource losses were associated with current mental health symptoms. Results showed that almost half of the women in the study reported they experienced work losses because of their abusive (ex)partner. Women with work losses experienced more work harassment particularly during periods of separation. Women who experienced work losses also experienced more work harassment, separation attempts, economic control, coercive control, physical and sexual abuse, higher fear levels, and a higher number of non-work related resource losses compared to women who did not report experiencing work losses. Women with work losses experienced more symptoms of current depression, anxiety, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Further, in the multivariate analysis, non-work related resource losses were significantly and uniquely associated with current mental health symptoms. In conclusion, women being stalked by abusive (ex)partners are at significant risk of resource losses, and those losses have long term impacts on mental health suggesting that safety planning for stalking victims should include plans to protect resources as well as physical safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Logan
- 4530University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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6
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Gutowski ER, Goodman LA. Coercive Control in the Courtroom: the Legal Abuse Scale (LAS). JOURNAL OF FAMILY VIOLENCE 2022; 38:527-542. [PMID: 35611345 PMCID: PMC9119570 DOI: 10.1007/s10896-022-00408-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) survivors seeking safety and justice for themselves and their children through family court and other legal systems may instead encounter their partners' misuse of court processes to further enact coercive control. To illuminate this harmful process, this study sought to create a measure of legal abuse. We developed a list of 27 potential items on the basis of consultation with 23 experts, qualitative interviews, and existing literature. After piloting these items, we administered them to a sample of 222 survivor-mothers who had been involved in family law proceedings. We then used both exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and Rasch analysis (RA) to create a final measure. Analyses yielded the 14-item Legal Abuse Scale (LAS). Factor analysis supported two subscales: Harm to Self/Motherhood (i.e., using the court to harm the survivor as a person and a mother) and Harm to Finances (i.e., using the court to harm the survivor financially). The LAS is a tool that will enable systematic assessment of legal abuse in family court and other legal proceedings, an expansion of research on this form of coercive control, and further development of policy and practice that recognizes and responds to it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen R. Gutowski
- Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
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7
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Cordier R, Chung D, Wilkes-Gillan S, Speyer R. The Effectiveness of Protection Orders in Reducing Recidivism in Domestic Violence: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2021; 22:804-828. [PMID: 31658878 DOI: 10.1177/1524838019882361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Preventing and reducing domestic violence is a national and international social priority. Civil law protection orders (POs) have been the primary legal response to domestic violence internationally for a number of decades. However, evidence of their effectiveness is mixed due to variations in application within and across countries and variable quality of the research with most studies at high risk of bias. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effectiveness of POs in reducing violation rates of domestic violence, compare violation rates reported by victims and police reports, and identify factors that influence violation and reoffense. Two electronic databases were searched; two independent researchers screened abstracts. Data were collected and assessed methodologically, using the Kmet Checklist Appraisal Tool and National Health and Medical Research Council Hierarchy of Evidence. Twenty-five studies that evaluated the effectiveness of POs in reducing recidivism in domestic violence met the eligibility criteria. Meta-analyses of weighted means of violation in the studies were conducted. Violation rates were found to be higher for victim reports compared with police reports. Violation rates were reduced when POs used in combination with arrests. PO violation rates were lower among perpetrators without histories of arrest for committing violence, perpetrators not engaging in stalking, and where couples have had medium to high incomes. There is no consensus among the studies about what the most appropriate methodology is to measure PO effectiveness. Future research should establish a more unified approach to evaluating the effectiveness and violations of POs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinie Cordier
- 1649Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- 205778University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Donna Chung
- 1649Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sarah Wilkes-Gillan
- 205778University of Oslo, Norway
- 95359Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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8
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Lynch KR, Jackson DB, Logan TK. Coercive Control, Stalking, and Guns: Modeling Service Professionals' Perceived Risk of Potentially Fatal Intimate Partner Gun Violence. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP7997-NP8018. [PMID: 30943829 DOI: 10.1177/0886260519839419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner homicides often involve coercive control prior to the murder while stalking following separation has been associated with control within the relationship as well as with lethal violence. The goal of the present study was to investigate how rural and urban community professionals who encounter intimate partner violence (IPV) victims perceive potential risk factors for intimate partner homicide related to firearms and coercive control. Criminal justice and victim service professionals (N = 133) from one urban and four rural communities participated in structured key informant interviews. A purposeful sampling procedure was employed to target professionals with expertise in domestic violence and/or firearms, followed by snowball sampling to maximize the response rate. The only risk factor that was directly associated with perceived risk of potentially fatal intimate partner gun violence was the perceived risk of an abuser threatening a victim with a gun. However, coercive control, separation, and stalking all mediated the relationship between the perceived risk of an abuser's access to a gun and the perceived risk of an abuser threatening the victim with a gun. These results highlight the importance of controlling behavior following separation for risk assessment and that participants in the present study were aware of the potentially dangerous ramifications of such nonphysically violent risk factors for the risk of injury or death by a firearm at the hands of an intimate partner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - T K Logan
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
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9
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Logan TK. Examining Relationship and Abuse Tactics Associated with Nonfatal Strangulation Experiences Before and After a Protective Order. VIOLENCE AND GENDER 2021; 8:95-103. [PMID: 34179213 PMCID: PMC8219188 DOI: 10.1089/vio.2020.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonfatal strangulation is associated with significant physical harm and lethal violence. The overall objective of this study was to examine relationship and abuse tactics for women with (n = 369) and without (n = 276) nonfatal strangulation experiences the year before, and the year after, a civil protective order (PO) against an abusive (ex)partner was obtained. Furthermore, this study sought to examine which abuse tactics, including nonfatal strangulation, were associated with mental health status at follow-up. In the year before the PO, 57% of women experienced nonfatal strangulation and 12.4% experienced nonfatal strangulation in the year after the PO by their abusive (ex)partner. Those with nonfatal strangulation experiences in the year before the PO were 3.5 times more likely to experience nonfatal strangulation after the PO. Additionally, death threats in the year before the PO as well as having spent any time in the relationship with the abuser after the PO were uniquely associated with post-PO nonfatal strangulation. Furthermore, abuser control tactics and severe violence after the PO were significantly associated with mental health status at follow-up after controlling for baseline mental health status. Study results also suggest that those with nonfatal strangulation experiences may have an especially difficult time initiating and maintaining separation from abusive partners. Results suggest that there are specific risk factors to consider in tailoring PO protections, safety supports, and resources for those with prior nonfatal strangulation experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- TK Logan
- Department of Behavioral Science, Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Address correspondence to: TK Logan, PhD, Department of Behavioral Science, Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, University of Kentucky, 333 Waller Avenue, Suite 480, Lexington, KY 40504, USA
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Harland KK, Peek-Asa C, Saftlas AF. Intimate Partner Violence and Controlling Behaviors Experienced by Emergency Department Patients: Differences by Sexual Orientation and Gender Identification. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP6125-NP6143. [PMID: 30465625 PMCID: PMC7034778 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518812070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) in an emergency department (ED) by sexual orientation and gender identification. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of adult patients (n = 1,136) presenting to a Level I Trauma Center ED from November 2015 to November 2016. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of reporting any IPV or IPV subtypes (physical or sexual IPV or battering) by sexual orientation and gender identification, controlling for confounders. Overall, 11.6% (132 / 1,136) of those surveyed were IPV positive. The prevalence of IPV was significantly higher in lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning (LGBTQ) patients than in heterosexuals (18.3% vs. 10.8%, p = .0151); prevalence was highest among bisexuals (21.6%) and gay men (18.5%). IPV prevalence did not differ significantly in females versus males (13.5% vs. 9.2%, p = .0872). After controlling for age, the odds of reporting any IPV was highest among females (aOR = 1.67; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.10, 2.53]); no significant differences were found by sexual orientation. Gay patients (aOR = 5.50; 95% CI = [1.60, 18.94]) and females (aOR = 2.70; 95% CI = [1.46, 9.99]) had significantly higher odds of reporting physical or sexual IPV than heterosexuals and males, respectively. The study is among the first to report IPV prevalence by sexual orientation in an ED patient population. The reported IPV was higher among LGBTQ patients than heterosexual patients although this relationship diminished when controlling for covariates. These data begin to define the scope of IPV among LGBTQ ED patients and may be used to inform brief interventions to reduce the IPV-related morbidity experienced by ED patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karisa K. Harland
- University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Iowa City, IA
- University of Iowa College of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Iowa City, IA
| | - Corinne Peek-Asa
- University of Iowa College of Public Health, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health & Injury Prevention Research Center, Iowa City, IA
| | - Audrey F. Saftlas
- University of Iowa College of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Iowa City, IA
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Blunier S, Utiger S, Klukowska-Rötzler J, Exadaktylos A, Brodmann Maeder M, Müller M. [Lessons Learned - Observational Study After One Year of 'Domestic Violence Consultation' at the University Emergency Department Bern]. PRAXIS 2021; 110:789-796. [PMID: 34702060 DOI: 10.1024/1661-8157/a003727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lessons Learned - Observational Study After One Year of 'Domestic Violence Consultation' at the University Emergency Department Bern Abstract. The number of violent crimes in domestic violence has been steadily increasing in Switzerland since 2011. In November 2018, the University Emergency Department Bern established standardized care for victims of domestic violence with an integrated follow-up. In this retrospective study, the results one year after the establishment of the special consultation hour as well as the challenges are presented. Of the 53 individuals primarily treated at the emergency department for domestic violence, 69.8 % (n = 37) were offered a follow-up appointment. Specific subgroups were less likely to be offered follow-up appointments. It became apparent that despite instructions for action and training, not all affected groups were perceived in the same way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Blunier
- Universitäres Notfallzentrum, Inselspital, Universitätsspital Bern, Universität Bern, Bern
| | - Sabina Utiger
- Universitäres Notfallzentrum, Inselspital, Universitätsspital Bern, Universität Bern, Bern
| | | | | | - Monika Brodmann Maeder
- Universitäres Notfallzentrum, Inselspital, Universitätsspital Bern, Universität Bern, Bern
| | - Martin Müller
- Universitäres Notfallzentrum, Inselspital, Universitätsspital Bern, Universität Bern, Bern
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Ellis D, Lewis T, Nepon T. Effects of Historical Coercive Control, Historical Violence, and Lawyer Representation on Post-Separation Male Partner Violence Against Mother Litigants Who Participated in Adversarial Family Court Proceedings. Violence Against Women 2020; 27:1191-1210. [PMID: 32567535 DOI: 10.1177/1077801220921939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The primary objective of this study was to test the effects of historical male partner violence and lawyer representation on post-separation male partner violence and coercive control against mother litigants participating in adversarial family court proceedings. Toward this end, staff at two women's shelters administered a questionnaire to 40 former residents who met the sample selection criteria. Two findings are noteworthy. First, there was a decrease in mother litigant reports of post-separation physical violence requiring a visit to a hospital. Second, post-separation male partner coercive control "most/some of the time" was reported by 97.5% of all 40 separated mother litigants who also reported experiencing historical coercive control by their male partners. Recommendations and limitations are described in the final two pages.
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Ortiz ELL, Macias-Esparza LK, Amell RC, Viaplana GFI. Facilitando la separación psicológica de las mujeres en proceso de terminar una relación de pareja violenta. CLÍNICA CONTEMPORÁNEA 2020. [DOI: 10.5093/cc2020a4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Løkkegaard SS, Hansen NB, Wolf NM, Elklit A. When Daddy Stalks Mommy: Experiences of Intimate Partner Stalking and Involvement of Social and Legal Authorities When Stalker and Victim Have Children Together. Violence Against Women 2019; 25:1759-1777. [PMID: 30775953 DOI: 10.1177/1077801219826738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study examined intimate partner stalking experienced by 196 mothers stalked by the father of their children. Respondents completed a questionnaire concerning experiences of stalking and level of support by the authorities. Results revealed higher rates of harassing than violent stalking. In many cases, the children were also targeted by the stalking. Encounters with several agencies were common, but respondents were often not recognized as victims of stalking and demoralized by extensive case proceedings. This study calls for a special sensitivity of professionals encountering stalked parents in their work and highlights a need for coordination and cooperation among multiple agencies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ask Elklit
- University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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15
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Gillum TL, Doucette M, Mwanza M, Munala L. Exploring Kenyan Women's Perceptions of Intimate Partner Violence. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2018; 33:2130-2154. [PMID: 26739242 DOI: 10.1177/0886260515622842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a major public health problem and global human rights violation. Effective interventions can only be created upon conducting qualitative studies that explore the cultural context of an affected population and how they interpret the phenomenon. This qualitative study investigated Kenyan women's perceptions of IPV. Two community-based focus groups ( n = 19) were conducted with Kenyan women in Nairobi. Conventional content analysis identified seven primary themes that emerged from focus group data: snapshot of violence; poverty; cultural context; masculinity; women taking action; resources; and, prevention strategies. Themes are described and implications for further research and intervention are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Leso Munala
- 4 St. Catherine University, Saint Paul, MN, USA
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16
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Logan TK, Lynch KR. Dangerous Liaisons: Examining the Connection of Stalking and Gun Threats Among Partner Abuse Victims. VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS 2018; 33:399-416. [PMID: 30567855 DOI: 10.1891/0886-6708.v33.i3.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the scope and nature of how guns are used to threaten (ex)partners particularly during periods of stalking, which often occurs after victims leave their abusers. This study examines survey results from over 500 women from across the United States who contacted the National Domestic Violence Hotline. Specifically, this study (a) describes the prevalence and characteristics of partner abuse victims who were and were not stalked and who were and were not threatened with guns, (b) compares types of gun threats experienced by partner abuse victims who were and were not stalked, (c) examines worries about gun threats for those who were and were not stalked among partner abuse victims not threatened with a gun, and (d) assesses factors associated with advice to obtain a gun for personal safety. This article also provides open-ended comments selected to highlight themes from the quantitative information around participant fears and worries about gun threats and stalking. Findings from this study show one-third of the participants had experienced threats with guns, and one-fifth of those without gun threats worried their (ex)partner would harm them with a gun. Furthermore, there was a significant association between stalking and gun threats, as three-fourth of those who were threatened with a gun reported being stalked. Victims who experienced stalking were also more likely to report their (ex)partner threatened others with guns and were more likely to carry a firearm on their body or in their car, which suggests stalkers who threatened with guns may pose a significant risk to public safety. Implications for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Logan
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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Logan TK, Walker R. Stalking: A Multidimensional Framework for Assessment and Safety Planning. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2017; 18:200-222. [PMID: 26337574 DOI: 10.1177/1524838015603210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Despite the high prevalence of stalking and the risk of harm it poses to victims, arrest rates, prosecutions, and convictions for stalking continue to be low in the United States. The overall goal of this article is to introduce a multidimensional framework of stalking that adds to the current literature by (1) providing a conceptual framework consistent with legal elements of many stalking statutes to facilitate assessment, communication, documentation, and safety planning for stalking several victims; (2) introducing a more systematic way of assessing course of conduct and the context of fear in stalking situations in order to increase the understanding of cumulative fear for stalking victims; (3) emphasizing the aspects of stalking harm that go beyond violence and that show how harm from stalking accumulates over time including life sabotage; and (4) discussing 12 risk factors derived from the overall multidimensional framework that can be used to describe the big picture of stalking and to facilitate safety planning for victims. Implications for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Logan
- 1 University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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18
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Miller J. A Specification of the Types of Intimate Partner Violence Experienced by Women in the General Population. Violence Against Women 2016; 12:1105-31. [PMID: 17090689 DOI: 10.1177/1077801206293501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study analyzes data from a national, general population sample of respondents (National Violence Against Women Survey) to estimate the prevalence of the different forms of intimate partner violence (IPV) that women experience in the United States. The study's purpose, to differentiate types of IPV, follows the Johnson and Ferraro tradition that distinguishes occasional and random acts of abuse from chronic and controlling forms of violence. When examining the specific types of IPV that the survey respondents disclosed, the author finds that the distribution closely resembles Gordon's epidemiological findings. This study analyzed the variance in the number of types of IPV as a function of the childhood abuse the women experienced and their partner's controlling and threatening behaviors. It concludes with a discussion of the multiple responses to IPV that are necessary in contemporary U.S. society.
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Hardesty JL, Crossman KA, Khaw L, Raffaelli M. Marital violence and coparenting quality after separation. JOURNAL OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY : JFP : JOURNAL OF THE DIVISION OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY OF THE AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (DIVISION 43) 2016; 30:320-330. [PMID: 26866837 PMCID: PMC4816654 DOI: 10.1037/fam0000132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Research has identified multiple predictors of coparenting quality, but few studies have investigated how intimate partner violence (IPV) affects divorcing couples' coparenting relationships. We addressed this question in a sample of 154 mothers with different marital IPV experiences. Mothers were recruited within 4 months of a divorce filing and completed two interviews 3 months apart. At Time 1, mothers reported on violence and coercive control during marriage, and postseparation behavioral (e.g., parental communication), emotional (e.g., anger), and intrusion (e.g., harassment) dynamics; at Time 2, they reported on coparenting quality (i.e., levels of support and conflict). In the overall sample, divorce and violence variables independently predicted coparenting quality. Mothers were then classified into three groups: no violence (NV; n = 74), situational couple violence (SCV; n = 46), or coercive controlling violence (CCV; n = 34). Of the 3, coparenting quality was lowest in the CCV group. While the SCV group was similar to the NV group on most divorce-related variables, the CCV group reported more hostility at separation and placed less importance on father-child relationships. Finally, patterns of association between study variables and coparenting quality showed some parallels between the SCV and NV groups. For CCV, postseparation harassment and fear were negatively associated with coparenting quality. Findings contribute to understanding predictors of coparenting quality and support the need for individualized assessments of divorce cases with attention to IPV dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Hardesty
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | | | - Lyndal Khaw
- Department of Family and Child Studies, Montclair State University
| | - Marcela Raffaelli
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
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Pels T, van Rooij FB, Distelbrink M. The Impact of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) on Parenting by Mothers Within an Ethnically Diverse Population in the Netherlands. JOURNAL OF FAMILY VIOLENCE 2015; 30:1055-1067. [PMID: 26494942 PMCID: PMC4607711 DOI: 10.1007/s10896-015-9746-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) profoundly affects multiple life domains for the people involved. We report on the experiences of Dutch mothers of various ethnic backgrounds regarding their parenting during and after IPV, their perceptions of the influence of IPV on their parenting, as well as their need for and experiences with support services. We conducted qualitative interviews with 100 mothers in the Netherlands who had experienced IPV. Most reported negative experiences with parenting (both during and after the IPV), a strong effect of the IPV on their parenting, as well as circumstances that aggravated this effect. The mothers had used multiple sources of formal and informal support. Although most evaluated the support that they had received positively, some also mentioned mixed or negative experiences. Many were still in need of support. Relationships with ethnic background and the severity of IPV are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trees Pels
- />Free University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- />Verwey Jonker Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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MacIntosh J, Wuest J, Ford-Gilboe M, Varcoe C. Cumulative Effects of Multiple Forms of Violence and Abuse on Women. VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS 2015; 30:502-521. [PMID: 26118269 DOI: 10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-13-00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about how patterns of workplace bullying contribute to the negative effects of lifetime violence. Analysis of longitudinal data from a study of women's health after separating from an abusive partner revealed that 76% of 229 women had experienced workplace bullying. Workplace bullying was associated with child sexual abuse, adult sexual assault, and ongoing partner abuse. Timing was critical, with those experiencing past workplace bullying having poorer health and fewer personal and social resources than those experiencing none, ongoing, or past and ongoing bullying. Lifetime sexual harassment (54%) was associated with higher posttraumatic stress disorder symptomology and greater likelihood of leaving workplaces and physical bullying (16%) with poorer health and personal, social, and economic resources. These findings highlight the importance of including bullying in studying lifetime violence.
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Abstract
Little knowledge exists on abused women’s experience of motherhood following divorce. This qualitative study examined perspectives of 12 formerly abused Israeli women, using in-depth interviews. Findings revealed how women managed an ongoing dialogue between former motherhood in violence and significant changes in mother–children relationships after years of victimization and emotional concealment. All women were determined to repair the impact of violence on the mother–children bond. Some succeeded, whereas others could not reconcile painful relationships. The study findings suggest that understanding the familial dynamics is essential: mothers’ new roles and children’s potential reactions in this context. Implications for practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rachel Cohen
- Department of Welfare Services, Yoqne’am Illit, Israel
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Mongi AS, Baisley K, Ao TTH, Chilongani J, Aguirre-Andreasen A, Francis SC, Shao J, Hayes R, Kapiga S. Factors associated with problem drinking among women employed in food and recreational facilities in northern Tanzania. PLoS One 2013; 8:e84447. [PMID: 24391956 PMCID: PMC3877296 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing evidence that alcohol consumption is associated with increased risk of HIV infection. To determine factors associated with problem drinking, we analyzed data collected in two prospective cohorts of at-risk female food and recreational facility workers in northern Tanzania. METHODS We enrolled HIV seronegative women aged 18-44 years and employed in the towns of Geita, Kahama, Moshi, and Shinyanga. At enrolment, women were interviewed to obtain information about alcohol use, using CAGE and AUDIT screening scales, and risk factors for HIV infection. Blood and genital samples were collected for detection of HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). We characterized alcohol use, concordance, and agreement of the scales, and examined the associations between characteristics of participants and problem drinking as defined by both scales using logistic regression. Lastly, we assessed problem drinking as a risk factor for recent sexual behavior and prevalent STIs. RESULTS Among enrollees, 68% women reported ever drinking alcohol; of these 76% reported drinking alcohol in the past 12 months. The prevalence of problem drinking was 20% using CAGE and 13% using AUDIT. Overall concordance between the scales was 75.0% with a Kappa statistic of 0.58. After adjusting for age, independent factors associated with problem drinking, on both scales, were marital status, occupation, facility type, increasing number of lifetime sexual partners, and transactional sex in the past 12 months. In addition, women who were problem drinkers on either scale were more likely to report having ≥ 1 sexual partner (CAGE: aOR = 1.56, 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.10-2.23; AUDIT aOR = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.34-3.00) and transactional sex (CAGE: aOR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.26-2.56; AUDIT aOR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.04-2.18), in the past 3 months. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that interventions to reduce problem drinking in this population may reduce high-risk sexual behaviors and contribute in lowering the risk of HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathy Baisley
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Trong Thanh-Hoang Ao
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, Mwanza, Tanzania
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Suzanna C. Francis
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, Mwanza, Tanzania
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Shao
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Richard Hayes
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Saidi Kapiga
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, Mwanza, Tanzania
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Edin K, Nilsson B. Between desire and rape - narratives about being intimate partners and becoming pregnant in a violent relationship. Glob Health Action 2013; 6:20984. [PMID: 24314321 PMCID: PMC3855602 DOI: 10.3402/gha.v6i0.20984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women subjected to intimate partner violence (IPV) experience different forms of abuse. Sexual violence is often under-reported because physically abused women, in particular, might see forced sex as an obligatory part of the sexual interplay. Accordingly, abused women have less sexual autonomy and experience unplanned pregnancies more often than other women. OBJECTIVE To describe and analyse nine Swedish women's retrospective stories about IPV with a focus on power and coping strategies as intimate partners, particularly regarding experiences of sex, contraception, and becoming pregnant. Design : Nine qualitative interviews were carried out with women who had been subjected to very severe violence in their intimate relationships and during at least one pregnancy. The stories were analysed using 'Narrative method' with the emphasis on the women's lived experiences. RESULTS Despite the violence and many contradictory and ambivalent feelings, two of the women described having sex as desirable, reciprocal and as a respite from the rest of the relationship. The other seven women gave a negative and totally different picture, and they viewed sex either as obligatory or as a necessity to prevent or soothe aggression or referred to it as rape and as something that was physically forced upon them. The women's descriptions of their pregnancies ranged from being carefully planned and mostly wanted to completely unwelcome and including flawed contraceptive efforts with subsequent abortions. CONCLUSIONS Women subjected to IPV have diverse and complex experiences that have effects on all parts of the relationship. Intimacy might for some turn into force and rape, but for others sex does not necessarily exclude pleasure and desire and can be a haven of rest from an otherwise violent relationship. Accordingly, women may tell stories that differ from the ones expected as 'the typical abuse story', and this complexity needs to be recognized and dealt with when women seek healthcare, especially concerning contraceptives, abortions, and pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Edin
- Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Nursing, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Umeå Centre of Gender Studies, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden;
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Bernards S, Graham K. The Cross-Cultural Association Between Marital Status and Physical Aggression Between Intimate Partners. JOURNAL OF FAMILY VIOLENCE 2013; 28:403-418. [PMID: 24039342 PMCID: PMC3769183 DOI: 10.1007/s10896-013-9505-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Some research suggests that the risk of physical aggression by an intimate partner is related to marital status, but this relationship may vary across cultures and by gender. In the present study, we systematically examine the relationship between marital status and physical partner aggression by gender across 19 countries. Logistic and multilevel regression confirmed previous findings of lower rates of physical aggression for legally married versus cohabiting and separated/divorced women and men across most, but notably, not all countries. Single status was associated with higher risk in some countries and lower in others reflecting possible cultural differences in risk for different marital statuses. For example, single women had significantly lower rates of victimization than did married women in India where violence against wives is often accepted. The variation in the cross-cultural findings highlights the importance of examining both men and women and considering the cultural context when interpreting the relationship between partner aggression and marital status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Bernards
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Ontario, Canada
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26
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Ponic P, Jategaonkar N. Balancing safety and action: Ethical protocols for photovoice research with women who have experienced violence. Arts Health 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/17533015.2011.584884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Ponic P, Varcoe C, Davies L, Ford-Gilboe M, Wuest J, Hammerton J. Leaving ≠ moving: housing patterns of women who have left an abusive partner. Violence Against Women 2012; 17:1576-600. [PMID: 22410772 DOI: 10.1177/1077801211436163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Access to safe and affordable housing is a key concern for women leaving abusive partners. Yet little is known about women's housing patterns around leaving. In this community sample, approximately equal numbers of women did not move, moved once, and moved two or more times during the transition period around leaving. Overall, moving patterns were associated with housing type and suitability, economic circumstances, and severity of violence. This study calls into question the tendency to equate leaving with moving, draws attention to the different housing patterns after leaving, and highlights the need to tailor housing supports to diverse women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Ponic
- University of British Columbia, School of Nursing, T201-2211 Westbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada.
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28
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Saunders DG, Kurko JF, Barlow K, Crane CE. What attracts men who batter to their partners? An exploratory study. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2011; 26:2747-2763. [PMID: 21282125 DOI: 10.1177/0886260510390943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Men who batter, because of particular personality traits and sense of entitlement, may select partners whom they perceive will be dependent on them, meet their emotional needs, or be "objects" of physical attractiveness. During treatment intake, 181 offenders responded to the question, "What attracted you to her (your partner)?" We explored whether men who mentioned their own needs or her physical traits would engage in more frequent and severe violence and would have specific forms of personality disorder dimensions or personality traits. Six categories of attraction, including "her physical traits" and "his needs," were derived from the men's responses. The results showed that men who focused on their partners' physical attractiveness were more likely to be violent after treatment. Men who cited their own needs for their attraction had higher scores on borderline personality, alcohol abuse, and psychotic thinking and lower scores on compulsive-conforming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Saunders
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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29
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Logan TK, Cole J. Exploring the Intersection of Partner Stalking and Sexual Abuse. Violence Against Women 2011; 17:904-24. [DOI: 10.1177/1077801211412715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study examined a range of sexually abusive acts women with protective orders against violent partners experienced using three groups: (a) women who never experience stalking or rape by the violent partner; (b) women who experienced stalking but who had never been raped by the violent partner; and (c) women who were stalked and raped by the violent partner. Findings suggest that women in violent relationships experienced a wide range of sexually abusive experiences and that there is a significant association of partner stalking and partner sexual abuse beyond rape. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- TK Logan
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA,
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30
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Lacey KK, Saunders DG. A comparison of women of color and non-Hispanic White women on factors related to leaving a violent relationship. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2011; 26:1036-1055. [PMID: 21362686 DOI: 10.1177/0886260510376496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This study compares women of color and non-Hispanic White women regarding the influence of socioeconomic status, family investment, and psychological abuse on leaving a violent relationship. It was found that most women who left stayed away for less than a month. Women of color and non-Hispanic White women did not differ in their length or rate of leaving, although women of color left more frequently when they did leave. Factors associated with leaving for both groups were threat with a weapon, psychological abuse, being single, and having fewer adults in the household. Women of color with higher socioeconomic status were less likely to leave, which was not the case for non-Hispanic White women. Non-Hispanic White women were more likely to leave if they had lived with their partners less than 5 years and had children at home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krim K Lacey
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48106, USA.
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31
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Dennison SM, Thompson CM. Intimate partner violence: the effect of gender and contextual factors on community perceptions of harm, and suggested victim and criminal justice responses. VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS 2011; 26:347-363. [PMID: 21846022 DOI: 10.1891/0886-6708.26.3.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Using a vignette to depict physical violence by an intimate partner, a 2 (perpetrator gender) X 2 (participant gender) X 2 (frequency) X 2 (intent to cause harm) between subjects factorial design was used to examine under what circumstances individuals perceive: an incident should be illegal, the extent of harm, and appropriate victim and criminal justice responses. There were 868 participants from the Brisbane (Australia) community (48.5% males). The actions of male perpetrators were viewed more seriously and the victims were recommended to seek more forms of assistance when the perpetrator was male. There were few differences in perceptions of violence according to participant gender. The frequency of the violence affected the participant's responses but the intentions of the perpetrator did not. Results are discussed in terms of stereotypes of intimate partner violence (IPV) and the implications for help-seeking behavior by victims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Dennison
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt Campus, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia.
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32
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O'Campo P, Caughy MO, Nettles SM. Partner abuse or violence, parenting and neighborhood influences on children's behavioral problems. Soc Sci Med 2010; 70:1404-15. [PMID: 20163906 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2008] [Revised: 10/12/2009] [Accepted: 11/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We examined the relationship between neighborhood characteristics, parenting behaviors, experiences of intimate partner abuse or violence (IPV) and children's behavioral problems in a socioeconomically diverse sample of 383 families residing in an urban environment. Data were collected in the Fall/Winter of 2002. The census block group of residence was used as our measure of neighborhood. Census block groups typically contain 1500 residents on average. IPV was measured using a modified version of the HITS (physically Hurt, Insult, Threaten, and Screamed at) scale, a short four item tool assessing emotional and physical violence to which we added an item capturing domination or emotional control. IPV in the last year was reported by 50% of the sample with rates varying by socioeconomic position; families with the lowest and highest income reported the most IPV. Patterns of association between parenting, neighborhood and the children's behavioral problems differed for families who reported IPV in the last year compared to families who reported no IPV. While positive neighborhood characteristics such as high levels of Community Involvement with Children - based upon four scales capturing neighborhood levels of social interaction and collective socialization of children - were protective for high levels of behavioral problems among families not reporting IPV, this protective effect was not seen among families who did report IPV. Hypothesized interactions between negative neighborhood characteristics and IPV-namely that behavioral problems would be worse among families experiencing IPV in highly economically deprived or areas with negative social climates-were not supported by our data. These interactions between neighborhood factors and IPV were not explained by parental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia O'Campo
- The Centre for Research on Inner City Health, The Kennan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5B 1W8.
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Edin KE, Dahlgren L, Lalos A, Högberg U. “Keeping Up a Front”: Narratives About Intimate Partner Violence, Pregnancy, and Antenatal Care. Violence Against Women 2010; 16:189-206. [DOI: 10.1177/1077801209355703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Nine women who had been subjected to severe intimate partner violence during pregnancy narrated their ambiguous and contradictory feelings and the various balancing strategies they used to overcome their complex and difficult situations. Because allowing anyone to come close posed a threat, the women mostly denied the situation and kept up a front to hide the violence from others. Three women disclosed ongoing violence to the midwives, but only one said such disclosure was helpful. This article highlights the complexity of being pregnant when living with an abusive partner and challenges antenatal care policies from the perspective of pregnant women.
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Logan T, Walker R. Partner stalking: psychological dominance or "business as usual"? TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2009; 10:247-270. [PMID: 19433407 DOI: 10.1177/1524838009334461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Partner stalking may remain one of the least clearly understood forms of intimate violence. This review examines the literature guided by two main goals: (a) to examine how partner stalking is distinct from nonpartner forms of stalking and (b) to describe areas of research on partner stalking that need to be systematically addressed to deepen the understanding of partner stalking and to craft more effective mental health and criminal justice responses. These areas of research include three overarching questions: (a) Is partner stalking a unique form of psychological dominance or is it just "business as usual"? (b) What components characterize stalking differently from business as usual for women? and (c) How is psychological distress within the context of partner stalking best characterized?
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35
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Bell ME, Goodman LA, Dutton MA. Variations in Help-Seeking, Battered Women's Relationship Course, Emotional Well-Being, and Experiences of Abuse Over Time. PSYCHOLOGY OF WOMEN QUARTERLY 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-6402.2009.01485.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite assumptions that leaving the batterer offers the best chance for improvement in battered women's lives, few studies provide conclusive data on this issue. Although many women eventually reunite with partners, also unexamined is the influence of relationship course over time. Five waves of data from 206 low-income, largely Black, help-seeking battered women revealed minimal differences in emotional well-being either initially or over time for women following different relationship trajectories during the course of 1 year. Consistency in relationship status (completely apart, completely together) tended to be associated with sharper drops in violence during the year; abuse tended to decrease most slowly among women who were in and out of their relationship over time. Findings suggest that the act of leaving is not necessarily associated with improvements for victims—how the process of leaving occurs may be more influential. Challenging common assumptions, women remaining with partners may sometimes fare better than women who leave.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margret E. Bell
- Military Sexual Trauma Support Team, Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Mental Health Services, and National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System
| | - Lisa A. Goodman
- Department of Counseling, Developmental, and Educational Psychology, Lynch School of Education, Boston College
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Ford-Gilboe M, Wuest J, Varcoe C, Davies L, Merritt-Gray M, Campbell J, Wilk P. Modelling the effects of intimate partner violence and access to resources on women's health in the early years after leaving an abusive partner. Soc Sci Med 2009; 68:1021-9. [PMID: 19188012 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2007] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Although the negative health effects of intimate partner violence (IPV) are well documented, little is known about the mechanisms or determinants of health outcomes for women who had left their abusive partners. Using data collected from a community sample of 309 Canadian women who left an abusive partner, we examined whether women's personal, social and economic resources mediate the relationships between the severity of past IPV and current health using structural equation modelling. A good fit was found between the model and data for hypothesized models of mental and physical health. In the mental health model, both the direct and total indirect effects of IPV were significant. In the physical health model, the direct effect of IPV on physical health was about four times as large as the total indirect effects. In both models, more severe past IPV was associated with lower health and women's personal, social, and economic resources, when combined, mediated the relationship between IPV and health. These findings demonstrate that the health outcomes of IPV for women who have left an abusive partner must be understood in context of women's resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn Ford-Gilboe
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 3C1.
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Abstract
This article describes stress and coping by decider status. Participants were 154 women aged 34 to 54 years who were recently divorced from their first marriage and were married 3 years prior to divorce. Participants self-selected into decider statuses as initiators, noninitiators, or mutual deciders. Noninitiators indicated not knowing the divorce experience was going to occur, not having enough time to get ready for it, saw it as something someone else did, and perceived it as a threat. Initiators and mutual deciders viewed the divorce as a challenge. Noninitiators were less positive about the divorce experience than were initiators and mutual deciders. Acceptance or resignation differed significantly for noninitiators and mutual deciders but not between noninitiators and initiators. Characterizing midlife divorce transition experiences provides a foundation for developing primary intervention to support personal growth, healing, and a healthy lifestyle.
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Swanberg J, Macke C, Logan TK. Working women making it work: intimate partner violence, employment, and workplace support. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2007; 22:292-311. [PMID: 17308200 DOI: 10.1177/0886260506295387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Partner violence may have significant consequences on women's employment, yet limited information is available about how women cope on the job with perpetrators' tactics and the consequences of her coping methods on employment status. This article investigates whether there is an association between workplace disclosure of victimization and current employment status; and whether there is an association between receiving workplace support and current employment status among women who disclosed victimization circumstances to someone at work. Using a sample of partner victimized women who were employed within the past year (N = 485), cross-tabulation and ANOVA procedures were conducted to examine the differences between currently employed and unemployed women. Binary logistic regressions were conducted to examine whether disclosure and receiving workplace support were significantly associated with current employment. Results indicate that disclosure and workplace support are associated with employment. Implications for clinical practice, workplace policies, and future research are discussed.
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39
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Logan TK, Shannon L, Cole J, Walker R. The impact of differential patterns of physical violence and stalking on mental health and help-seeking among women with protective orders. Violence Against Women 2006; 12:866-86. [PMID: 16905678 DOI: 10.1177/1077801206292679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the severity of partner violence on women's mental health and help-seeking as well as perceptions of safety and protective-order effectiveness. Three groups based on partner violence victimization in the past year were compared: (a) women who reported experiencing moderate physical violence but no history of severe violence or stalking (n = 102), (b) women who experienced severe violence but no history of stalking (n = 142), and (c) women who experienced severe violence and stalking (n = 145). Results suggest that stalking has a unique impact on victims' mental health and perceived safety, and that protections afforded by protective orders may not be adequate for women experiencing stalking.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Logan
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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Logan TK, Shannon L, Walker R, Faragher TM. Protective orders: questions and conundrums. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2006; 7:175-205. [PMID: 16785286 DOI: 10.1177/1524838006288930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Current media portrayal of protective orders is often negative, focusing on weaknesses in how protective orders are obtained and enforced. This review of research findings on protective orders examines issues and suggests areas in need of future research to clarify and improve public policy. More specifically, this review has five main objectives: (a) to provide background information about partner violence and the need for protective orders; (b) to describe what protective orders are, how many women obtain them, and the advantages and disadvantages of obtaining protective orders; (c) to examine characteristics of women who seek protective orders; (d) to explore research on whether protective orders actually increase women's safety; and (e) to highlight opportunities and gaps in the practice and research literature regarding the use of protective orders for women with violent partners or ex-partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Logan
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky, Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, Kentucky, USA
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Shannon L, Logan TK, Cole J, Medley K. Help-seeking and coping strategies for intimate partner violence in rural and urban women. VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS 2006; 21:167-81. [PMID: 16642737 DOI: 10.1891/vivi.21.2.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Women experiencing intimate partner violence may use a variety of help-seeking resources and coping strategies. The purpose of this study was to examine rural (n = 378) and urban (n = 379) women's help seeking, coping, and perceptions of the helpfulness of resources used in dealing with partner violence. Overall, results suggest that women from both areas utilized a variety of help-seeking resources and coping strategies in significantly different ways. Urban women used more help-seeking resources than rural women. Urban and rural women used different types of resources. Rural women perceived the justice system services as less helpful than urban women. Coping strategies and help seeking are related, with problem-focused coping associated with the use of more formalized help-seeking resources. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Shannon
- Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40509, USA.
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Logan TK, Walker R. Separation as a risk factor for victims of intimate partner violence: beyond lethality and injury: a response to Campbell. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2004; 19:1478-86. [PMID: 15492061 DOI: 10.1177/0886260504269699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T K Logan
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky, KY, USA
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Briere J, Jordan CE. Violence against women: outcome complexity and implications for assessment and treatment. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2004; 19:1252-1276. [PMID: 15534329 DOI: 10.1177/0886260504269682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews the major forms of violence against women, including sexual assault, intimate-relationship violence, and stalking and outlines the known psychological effects of such victimization. Also discussed are a number of variables that combine to determine the effects of such victimization, including type and characteristics of the assault; victim variables such as demographics, psychological reactions at the time of the trauma, previous victimization history, current or previous psychological difficulties, and general coping style; and sociocultural factors such as poverty, social inequality, and inadequate social support. The implications of this complexity are explored in terms of psychological assessment and the frequent need for multitarget, multimodal treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Briere
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, USA
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