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Badakhshiyan SS, Naghavi A, Jazayeri RA. Systematic Review Overview: Violence Against Adults with Disabilities. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024:15248380241253034. [PMID: 38804705 DOI: 10.1177/15248380241253034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to conduct an overview of systematic reviews in the field of violence against adults with disability. Eight electronic databases as well as gray literature from January 2022 to April 2023 were searched to identify systematic reviews that focused on violence against adults with disabilities. A total of 13 high-quality systematic reviews were included in the overview. Findings show that adults with disabilities experience a higher rate of emotional and physical violence than the general population. Sociodemographic, financial, and cultural risk factors, prevention, and treatment approaches were discussed. Although the large body of studies on disability and violence have explored different aspects of the issue, there are some limitations and gaps in the literature that need further attention. The most important gap in the literature is the lack of attention to diversity. Accordingly, there is little knowledge about disability and violence in a variety of geographical locations. In addition, studies on violence based on ethnicity/race, age, gender identifications, and some types of disabilities such as hearing impairments or severe disabilities were scarce. There is a need to reach diverse populations of adults with disabilities, through employing a variety of data collection methods and qualitative research methodology. Prevention and treatment programs should be developed with attention to types of disability, and they should be culturally and linguistically sensitive.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Azam Naghavi
- Department of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Iran
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Alhaboby ZA, Evans H, Barnes J, Short E. The Impact of Cybervictimization on the Self-Management of Chronic Conditions: Lived Experiences. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e40227. [PMID: 37624637 PMCID: PMC10492166 DOI: 10.2196/40227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cybervictimization of people with long-term conditions is a disturbing phenomenon with a documented impact on health and well-being. These experiences are primarily examined using quantitative methods, focusing on children and young people. However, research centered on the cybervictimization of adults with chronic conditions is scarce, with limited qualitative input from the victims as experts in their own experiences. OBJECTIVE This study aims to understand the impact of cybervictimization on the self-management of long-term conditions among adults with chronic conditions and disabilities in the United Kingdom. METHODS This paper reports the findings from the qualitative phase of a phenomenologically informed mixed methods study. The biographical disruption concept was used to conceptualize the study. In-depth semistructured interviews were conducted with 13 participants with chronic conditions who experienced cybervictimization. A codebook was developed, and a zigzag approach to thematic analysis was used to define and refine themes. Ethical considerations and risk assessment were ongoing during the research process because of the sensitivity of the topic and cases of harassment. RESULTS Cybervictimization has direct and indirect impacts on the self-management of chronic conditions. This impact was verified across 6 overarching themes that emerged from this study. First, biomedical events included overall health deterioration because of existing conditions, new diagnoses, and subjective physical complaints. Second, the impact on mental health was perceived through psychological consequences and psychiatric disorders that developed after or during this traumatic experience. Third, the multilevel impact theme focused on disrupting the strategies for coping with health conditions and involved unplanned changes to victims' health management priorities. Fourth, the impact of complexity reflected the perceived uniqueness in each case, intersectionality, struggle to obtain formal support, and subsequent health complications. Fifth, social network involvement comprised the effects of social isolation, victim blaming, and deception. Finally, the disability discrimination theme focused on prejudice, issues on inclusion, and hostility in society, with subsequent effects on well-being. CONCLUSIONS People with long-term conditions experienced different forms of cybervictimization, all disruptive with various effects on health. Disability discrimination was a prominent finding to be further investigated. This paper reports the impact as themes to guide further research and practice, with the recognition that long-term conditions and impairments are not a homogeneous group. Despite the devastating consequences, there are positive points that strengthen potential interventions. Awareness-raising campaigns, training of support channels, and multidisciplinary research are recommended to tackle this issue and initiate change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hala Evans
- Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - James Barnes
- Fatima College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Emma Short
- London Metropolitan University, London, United Kingdom
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Alhaboby ZA, Barnes J, Evans H, Short E. Cybervictimization of Adults With Long-term Conditions: Cross-sectional Study. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e39933. [PMID: 37195761 DOI: 10.2196/39933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People living with chronic conditions and disabilities experience harassment both offline and on the web. Cybervictimization is an umbrella term for negative web-based experiences. It has distressing consequences on physical health, mental well-being, and social relationships. These experiences have mostly been documented among children and adolescents. However, the scope of such experiences is not well documented among adults with long-term conditions, and the potential impact has not been examined from a public health perspective. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the scope of cybervictimization among adults living with long-term conditions in the United Kingdom and the perceived impact on self-management of chronic conditions. METHODS This paper reports the findings of the quantitative phase of a mixed methods study in the United Kingdom. This cross-sectional study targeted adults aged ≥18 years with long-term conditions. Using a web-based link, the survey was shared on the web via 55 victim support groups, health support organizations, and social media accounts of nongovernmental organizations and activists such as journalists and disability campaigners. People with long-term conditions were asked about their health conditions, comorbidities, self-management, negative web-based experiences, their impact on them, and support sought to mitigate the experiences. The perceived impact of cybervictimization was measured using a set of questions on a Likert scale, frequency tables, and the Stanford Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Diseases Scale. Demographic data and the impact on self-management were cross-tabulated to identify the demographic characteristics of the targeted individuals and potential conditions with complications and highlight directions for future research. RESULTS Data from 152 participants showed that almost 1 in every 2 adults with chronic conditions was cybervictimized (69/152, 45.4%). Most victims (53/69, 77%) had disabilities; the relationship between cybervictimization and disability was statistically significant (P=.03). The most common means of contacting the victims was Facebook (43/68, 63%), followed by personal email or SMS text messaging, each accounting for 40% (27/68). Some participants (9/68, 13%) were victimized in web-based health forums. Furthermore, 61% (33/54) of victims reported that experiencing cybervictimization had affected their health condition self-management plan. The highest impact was on lifestyle changes such as exercise, diet, avoiding triggers, and avoiding excessive smoking and alcohol consumption. This was followed by changes to medications and follow-ups with health care professionals. Most victims (38/55, 69%) perceived a worsened self-efficacy on the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Diseases Scale. Formal support was generally rated as poor, with only 25% (13/53) of victims having disclosed this experience to their physicians. CONCLUSIONS Cybervictimization of people with chronic conditions is a public health issue with worrying consequences. This triggered considerable fear and negatively influenced the self-management of different health conditions. Further context- and condition-specific research is needed. Global collaborations to address inconsistencies in research are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James Barnes
- Fatima College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hala Evans
- Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Short
- London Metropolitan University, London, United Kingdom
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Straw I, Tanczer L. Safeguarding patients from technology-facilitated abuse in clinical settings: A narrative review. PLOS DIGITAL HEALTH 2023; 2:e0000089. [PMID: 36812593 PMCID: PMC9931347 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Safeguarding vulnerable patients is a key responsibility of healthcare professionals. Yet, existing clinical and patient management protocols are outdated as they do not address the emerging threats of technology-facilitated abuse. The latter describes the misuse of digital systems such as smartphones or other Internet-connected devices to monitor, control and intimidate individuals. The lack of attention given to how technology-facilitated abuse may affect patients in their lives, can result in clinicians failing to protect vulnerable patients and may affect their care in several unexpected ways. We attempt to address this gap by evaluating the literature that is available to healthcare practitioners working with patients impacted by digitally enabled forms of harm. A literature search was carried out between September 2021 and January 2022, in which three academic databases were probed using strings of relevant search terms, returning a total of 59 articles for full text review. The articles were appraised according to three criteria: (a) the focus on technology-facilitated abuse; (b) the relevance to clinical settings; and (c) the role of healthcare practitioners in safeguarding. Of the 59 articles, 17 articles met at least one criterion and only one article met all three criteria. We drew additional information from the grey literature to identify areas for improvement in medical settings and at-risk patient groups. Technology-facilitated abuse concerns healthcare professionals from the point of consultation to the point of discharge, as a result clinicians need to be equipped with the tools to identify and address these harms at any stage of the patient's journey. In this article, we offer recommendations for further research within different medical subspecialities and highlight areas requiring policy development in clinical environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Straw
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Leonie Tanczer
- Gender and IoT, UCL Department of Science, Technology, Engineering and Public Policy (UCL STEaPP), London, United Kingdom
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Sitthi N, In-Iw S, Theppiban S, Manaboriboon B. Cyberbullying Among Adolescents with Chronic Illnesses in Thailand: Prevalence and Relationship with Health-Risk Behaviors. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2022; 43:e533-e540. [PMID: 35858117 DOI: 10.1097/dbp.0000000000001110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of social media may enhance the quality of life in adolescents living with chronic illnesses but may increase the risk of cyberbullying. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of cyberbullying among adolescents with chronic illnesses and relationship with health-risk behaviors. METHODS This is an online survey of randomly recruited adolescents aged 11 to 18 years with chronic illness managed at Siriraj Hospital, Thailand, during 2019 to 2020. Participants were asked to respond anonymously to validated online questionnaires to evaluate health-risk behaviors, experience with cyberbullying, and depression-screening questions. RESULTS Three hundred forty-one participants with a mean age of 15.02 ± 2.17 years (interquartile range 12.8, 17.2) responded. Reported risk behaviors included sexual activity in 42 participants (12.3%) with almost half (47.6%) having practiced unsafe sex. Alcohol drinking and polysubstance use were also found in 8.5% and 1.2%, respectively. 38 (11.1%) felt depressed within the previous 2-week period. 56 (16.4%) had been a cyberbully victim. Among the victims, 25 (44.6%) were also cyberbullies themselves. Chronically ill adolescents were more likely to be a victim of cyberbullying if they knew someone who had also been a victim (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 5.25 [95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.80-15.29], p < 0.001) or had a positive depression screening (aOR 6.182 [95% CI = 2.41-15.85], p < 0.001). Underlying diseases, age, sex, risky behaviors, and time spent online were not associated with being cyberbullied. CONCLUSION Thai adolescents with chronic illness were similar to their healthy peers regarding health-risk behaviors and the likelihood of being a victim of cyberbullying. Screening for risky behaviors, evidence of depression, and online activity during routine medical visits was an opportunity to prevent cyberbullying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natthapong Sitthi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Vismara M, Girone N, Conti D, Nicolini G, Dell’Osso B. The current status of Cyberbullying research: a short review of the literature. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2022.101152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Brunner M, Rietdijk R, Togher L. Training Resources Targeting Social Media Skills to Inform Rehabilitation for People Who Have an Acquired Brain Injury: Scoping Review. J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e35595. [PMID: 35482369 PMCID: PMC9100544 DOI: 10.2196/35595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2020 and 2021, people increasingly used the internet to connect socially and professionally. However, people with an acquired brain injury (ABI) experience challenges in using social media, and rehabilitation professionals have reported feeling underprepared to support them in its use. To date, no review of social media skills training to inform ABI rehabilitation has been conducted. OBJECTIVE This scoping review aimed to examine research on interventions addressing social media skills and safety, with a focus on people living with health conditions; free web-based resources for the general public on social media skills training; and currently available online support groups for people with ABI. METHODS An integrative scoping review was conducted, with a systematic search strategy applied in March and November 2020 across OvidSP (MEDLINE, AMED, PsycINFO, and Embase), Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, Google Scholar, Google, and Facebook. The data collected were critically appraised and synthesized to describe the key content and features of social media training resources. RESULTS This review identified 47 peer-reviewed academic articles, 48 social media training websites, and 120 online support groups for people with ABI. A key recommendation was interactive training with practical components addressing cybersafety, how to use platforms, and how to connect with others. However, no social media training resources that were relevant and accessible for people with ABI were identified. CONCLUSIONS Training resources to support people with ABI in safely using social media are limited. The key content to be addressed and the features to be incorporated into web-based social media training were determined, including the need for interactive training that is co-designed and safe and incorporates practical components that support people with ABI. These findings can be used to inform the development of web-based evidence-based support for people with ABI who may be vulnerable when participating in social media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Brunner
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Eora Nation, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Rachael Rietdijk
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Eora Nation, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Leanne Togher
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Eora Nation, Camperdown, Australia
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Shoib S, Philip S, Bista S, Saeed F, Javed S, Ori D, Bashir A, Chandradasa M. Cyber victimization during the COVID-19 pandemic: A syndemic looming large. Health Sci Rep 2022; 5:e528. [PMID: 35224224 PMCID: PMC8851571 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Shoib
- Department of PsychiatryJawahar Lal Nehru Memorial HospitalSrinagarIndia
| | | | - Seema Bista
- Division of Clinical and Translational ResearchLarkin Comminity Hospital SystemSouth MiamiFloridaUnited states
| | - Fahimeh Saeed
- Department of PsychiatryPsychosis Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation SciencesTehranIran
| | - Sana Javed
- Psychiatry UnitNishtar Medical UniversityMultanPakistan
| | - Dorottya Ori
- Department of Mental HealthHeim Pal National Pediatric Institute, and Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Adil Bashir
- Department of Social WorkKashmir UniversityKashmirIndia
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Ng ED, Chua JYX, Shorey S. The Effectiveness of Educational Interventions on Traditional Bullying and Cyberbullying Among Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2022; 23:132-151. [PMID: 32588769 DOI: 10.1177/1524838020933867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In consideration of the adverse societal, physical, and psychological impacts of bullying on a child's development and future, many studies have developed anti-bullying programs and educational interventions to curb bullying occurrences. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to examine the effectiveness of such educational interventions at reducing the frequencies of traditional bullying or cyberbullying and cybervictimization among adolescents. A comprehensive search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Google Scholar, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. Only quantitative studies that reported the effects of educational interventions on reducing the frequencies of traditional bullying or cyberbullying victimization and perpetration were included. Seventeen studies (Ntotal = 35,694 adolescents, Rangechild age = 10-18 years) were finalized, and meta-analyses were conducted using a random effect model. Overall, the existing educational interventions had very small to small effect sizes on traditional bullying and cyberbullying perpetration (traditional: standardized mean differences [SMD] = -.30 and cyber: SMD = -.16) and victimization (traditional: SMD = -18 and cyber: SMD = -.13) among adolescents. Type of intervention (i.e., whole school-based or classroom-based), program duration, and presence of parental involvement did not moderate program effectiveness, but cyberbullying programs were more effective when delivered by technology-savvy content experts compared to teachers. Since existing educational interventions were marginally effective in reducing bullying frequencies, further research is needed to identify key moderators that enhance educational programs or develop alternative forms of anti-bullying interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esperanza Debby Ng
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Shefaly Shorey
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Herrero J, Torres A, Vivas P, Urueña A. Smartphone Addiction, Social Support, and Cybercrime Victimization: A Discrete Survival and Growth Mixture Model. INTERVENCION PSICOSOCIAL 2022; 31:59-66. [PMID: 37362618 PMCID: PMC10268539 DOI: 10.5093/pi2022a3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, criminological theories have identified a set of vulnerabilities in potential victims that seek to explain their victimization. When it comes to explaining cybercrime victimization, however, the important role that addiction to the vulnerabilities associated with technological devices can play has tended to be overlooked. In this paper we empirically link smartphone addiction, social support, and cyberfraud victimization in a nationally representative sample of 716 smartphone users followed for three years. The results of discrete survival and growth mixture models suggest that the probability of cyberfraud victimization is lower among users with a decrease in smartphone addiction and an increase in social support over the three years. These results allow us to suggest new avenues in the study of cybercrime victimization, with special emphasis on the psychosocial consequences that the deregulated use of these technological devices may entail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Herrero
- University of OviedoOviedoSpainUniversity of Oviedo, Spain
| | - Andrea Torres
- University of OviedoOviedoSpainUniversity of Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pep Vivas
- Universitat Oberta de CataluñaBarcelonaSpainUniversitat Oberta de Cataluña, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Urueña
- Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadridSpainUniversidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain
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Emerson E, Aitken Z, King T, Arciuli J, Llewellyn G, Kavanagh AM. The association between disability and risk of exposure to peer cyber victimisation is moderated by gender: Cross-sectional survey. Disabil Health J 2021; 15:101170. [PMID: 34253505 DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2021.101170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the exposure of youth with disability to cyber victimisation. OBJECTIVE /Hypothesis: To estimate the prevalence of peer cyber and non-cyber victimisation in a nationally representative sample of 14-year-old adolescents with and without disability and to determine whether gender moderates the relationship between disability and exposure to victimisation. METHODS Secondary analysis of data collected in Wave 6 of the UK's Millennium Cohort Survey on 11,726 14-year-old adolescents living in the UK. RESULTS Adolescents with disability had higher prevalence of cyber and non-cyber victimisation than those with no disability. For cyber victimisation there was a statistically significant interaction between gender and disability, with evidence of increased cyber victimisation for adolescents with disability compared to those with no disability among girls, but not boys. For non-cyber victimisation there was no evidence of an interaction between gender and disability. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of both cyber and non-cyber victimisation was higher among adolescents with disability than those with no disability. The association between disability and risk of exposure to peer cyber victimisation appears to be moderated by gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Emerson
- Centre for Research Excellence - Disability and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Australia; Centre for Disability Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, UK; College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Australia.
| | - Zoe Aitken
- Centre for Research Excellence - Disability and Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Tania King
- Centre for Research Excellence - Disability and Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Joanne Arciuli
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Australia.
| | - Gwynnyth Llewellyn
- Centre for Research Excellence - Disability and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Australia.
| | - Anne M Kavanagh
- Centre for Research Excellence - Disability and Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Australia.
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