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Lindelauf KHK, Baragona M, Lemainque T, Maessen RTH, Ritter A. Electrochemotherapy and Calcium Electroporation on Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells: An In-Vitro Investigation. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2024:10.1007/s00270-024-03847-1. [PMID: 39227427 DOI: 10.1007/s00270-024-03847-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Electrochemotherapy, clinically established for treating (sub)cutaneous tumors, has been standardized in the framework of the European Standard Operating Procedure on Electrochemotherapy (ESOPE). Due to common side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs, recent advances focus on non-cytotoxic agents, like calcium, to induce cell death (calcium electroporation). Therefore, this study aims to determine the efficacy of electrochemotherapy with bleomycin or cisplatin, or calcium electroporation on human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) in vitro using the ESOPE protocol. METHODS HepG2 cell viability was measured with a MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay after electrochemotherapy with the chemotherapeutic drugs bleomycin or cisplatin (0-20 µM), or after calcium electroporation (0-20 mM), to determine its efficacy on HepG2 cells in vitro using the ESOPE protocol (8 rectangular pulses, 1000 V/cm, 100 µs) compared to non-electroporated drug treatment. RESULTS Cell viability was significantly lower in electroporated samples, compared to their non-electroporated controls (27-75% difference). Electrochemotherapy with bleomycin and calcium electroporation, reached (almost) complete cell death (- 1 ± 3% and 2.5 ± 2%), in the lowest concentration of 2.5 µM and 2.5 mM, respectively. Electrochemotherapy with 2.5 µM cisplatin, significantly decreased cell viability to only 68% (± 7%). CONCLUSION Electrochemotherapy with bleomycin or cisplatin, or calcium electroporation were more effective in reducing the HepG2 cell viability in vitro using the ESOPE protocol compared to the non-electroporated drug treatments alone. When comparing electrochemotherapy, HepG2 cells are more sensitive to bleomycin than cisplatin, in similar concentrations. Calcium electroporation has the same effectiveness as electrochemotherapy with bleomycin, but calcium potentially has a better safety profile and several treatment advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H K Lindelauf
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
- Philips Research, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - M Baragona
- Philips Research, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - T Lemainque
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - A Ritter
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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Spiliotis AE, Holländer S, Wagenpfeil G, Eisele R, Nika S, Mallis Kyriakides O, Laschke MW, Menger MD, Glanemann M, Gäbelein G. Electrochemotherapy with intravenous, intratumoral, or combined administration of bleomycin in the treatment of colorectal hepatic metastases in a rat model. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17361. [PMID: 39075095 PMCID: PMC11286835 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67878-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Electrochemotherapy (ECT) combines the reversible electroporation (rEP) with intravenous (i.v.) or intratumoral (i.t.) administration of chemotherapeutic drugs. We conducted this study to compare the efficacy of i.v., i.t., and i.v. + i.t. injection of bleomycin (BLM) in ECT treatment of colorectal hepatic metastases in a rat model. WAG/Rij rats were randomized into three groups and underwent ECT with i.v., i.t., or i.v. + i.t. injection of BLM. Tumor volumes and oxygenation were measured by means of ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging. Moreover, liver and tumor tissue were analyzed by histology and immunohistochemistry. The i.v. and i.v. + i.t. groups exhibited a 44.0% and 46.6% reduction in oxygen saturation of the tumor tissue when compared to pretreatment values, whereas the i.t. group only showed a reduction of 35.2%. The extent of tumor tissue necrosis did not statistically differ between the groups. However, the i.t. group showed a tendency towards a lower necrosis rate. Cell proliferation, apoptotic cell death, vascularization, and immune cell infiltration were comparable in the treated tumors of the three groups. ECT with i.v. administration of BLM should be preferred in clinical practice, as the combined i.v. + i.t. therapy did not show superior oncological outcomes in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios E Spiliotis
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany.
- Department of Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Campus Virchow Klinikum, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Holländer
- Department of General Surgery, Vascular-, Visceral- and Pediatric Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Gudrun Wagenpfeil
- Saarland University Medical Center, Institute for Medical Biometry, Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Robert Eisele
- Department of General Surgery, Vascular-, Visceral- and Pediatric Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Spyridon Nika
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Orestis Mallis Kyriakides
- Department of General Surgery, Vascular-, Visceral- and Pediatric Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Matthias W Laschke
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Michael D Menger
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Glanemann
- Department of General Surgery, Vascular-, Visceral- and Pediatric Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Gereon Gäbelein
- Department of General Surgery, Vascular-, Visceral- and Pediatric Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421, Homburg, Germany
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Ferrer-Jorda E, Rodríguez-Pizà I. Description of outcome and adverse events in 21 cats with locally advanced nasal planum squamous cell carcinoma treated with electrochemotherapy. J Feline Med Surg 2024; 26:1098612X241248043. [PMID: 39073984 PMCID: PMC11292942 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x241248043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common tumour in the nasal planum of cats. Surgery has traditionally been the treatment of choice but might not be feasible in locally advanced scenarios. Electrochemotherapy (ECT) has shown good control in superficial tumours, but there is a lack of robust information about efficacy in locally advanced cases. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of ECT in the treatment of locally advanced stage nasal planum SCC in cats. METHODS The clinical database of a veterinary referral hospital was searched retrospectively for cats diagnosed with a locally advanced nasal planum SCC (T3N0M0 or T4N0M0) that had received ECT. Local response, adverse events and outcome were documented. The data were evaluated by inferential statistics and correlations between response, recurrence, feline immunodeficiency virus/feline leukaemia virus status, number of treatments, voltage and severity of adverse events, with Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests. Statistical significance was set at P <0.05. RESULTS In total, 21 cats were enrolled over a 4-year period. Nineteen cats achieved a complete response (CR) and two cats a partial response (PR) for an overall response rate of 100%. Cats achieving a CR had a median disease-free interval of 182 days (range 128-327) and those with a PR had a median progression-free survival of 156.5 days (range 122-191). The median time to progression was not reached. The overall survival was 453 days for a median follow-up of 341 days (range 191-989). Of the cats, 62% had grade 3 or 4 toxicities, but no deaths due to the treatment were documented. Only voltage was correlated with longer survival (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE ECT appears to be an effective treatment for feline nasal planum SCC and could be considered a first-line therapy for locally advanced cases. Toxicities reported can be severe in the short term and these could be secondary to more invasive lesions and equipment used.
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Duncan JL, Ahmad RN, Danesi H, Slade DJ, Davalos RV, Verbridge SS. Electro-antibacterial therapy (EAT) to enhance intracellular bacteria clearance in pancreatic cancer cells. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 157:108669. [PMID: 38377890 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2024.108669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Intratumoral bacteria have been implicated in driving tumor progression, yet effective treatments to modulate the tumor microbiome remain limited. In this study, we investigate the use of electroporation in combination with metronidazole to enhance the clearance of intracellular Fusobacterium nucleatum within pancreatic cancer cells. We explore various parameters, including electric field strength, pulse width, and pulse number to assess the permeability of pancreatic cancer cells infected with F. nucleatum, compared to non-infected cells of the same type. We subsequently quantify the clearance of intracellular bacteria when these pulsing schemes are applied to a suspension of infected pancreatic cancer cells in the presence of metronidazole. Our results reveal distinct differences in cell permeability between infected and non-infected cells, identifying a unique biophysical marker for host cells infected with F. nucleatum. We demonstrate that the combinatorial use of electroporation and metronidazole significantly enhances the delivery of metronidazole into host cells, leading to more effective clearance of intracellular F. nucleatum compared to independent treatments; we term this novel approach Electro-Antibacterial Therapy (EAT). EAT holds promise as an innovative strategy for addressing intratumoral bacteria in pancreatic cancer, other malignancies, and potentially treatment-resistant infections, offering new avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josie L Duncan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech - Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Raffae N Ahmad
- Virginia Tech - Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Hunter Danesi
- Virginia Tech - Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Daniel J Slade
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Rafael V Davalos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech - Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Virginia Tech - Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
| | - Scott S Verbridge
- Virginia Tech - Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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Sahu P, Camarillo IG, Sundararajan R. Efficacy of metformin and electrical pulses in breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2024; 5:54-73. [PMID: 38464382 PMCID: PMC10918234 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2024.00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a very aggressive subset of breast cancer, with limited treatment options, due to the lack of three commonly targeted receptors, which merits the need for novel treatments for TNBC. Towards this need, the use of metformin (Met), the most widely used type-2 diabetes drug worldwide, was explored as a repurposed anticancer agent. Cancer being a metabolic disease, the modulation of two crucial metabolites, glucose, and reactive oxygen species (ROS), is studied in MDA-MB-231 TNBC cells, using Met in the presence of electrical pulses (EP) to enhance the drug efficacy. Methods MDA-MB-231, human TNBC cells were treated with Met in the presence of EP, with various concentrations Met of 1 mmol/L, 2.5 mmol/L, 5 mmol/L, and 10 mmol/L. EP of 500 V/cm, 800 V/cm, and 1,000 V/cm (with a pulse width of 100 µs at 1 s intervals) were applied to TNBC and the impact of these two treatments was studied. Various assays, including cell viability, microscopic inspection, glucose, ROS, and wound healing assay, were performed to characterize the response of the cells to the combination treatment. Results Combining 1,000 V/cm with 5 mmol/L Met yielded cell viability as low as 42.6% at 24 h. The glucose level was reduced by 5.60-fold and the ROS levels were increased by 9.56-fold compared to the control, leading to apoptotic cell death. Conclusions The results indicate the enhanced anticancer effect of Met in the presence of electric pulses. The cell growth is inhibited by suppressing glucose levels and elevated ROS. This shows a synergistic interplay between electroporation, Met, glucose, and ROS metabolic alterations. The results show promises for combinational therapy in TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Sahu
- School of Engineering Technology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Ignacio G. Camarillo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Raji Sundararajan
- School of Engineering Technology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Morozas A, Malyško-Ptašinskė V, Kulbacka J, Ivaška J, Ivaškienė T, Novickij V. Electrochemotherapy for head and neck cancers: possibilities and limitations. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1353800. [PMID: 38434679 PMCID: PMC10905418 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1353800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer continues to be among the most prevalent types of cancer globally, yet it can be managed with appropriate treatment approaches. Presently, chemotherapy and radiotherapy stand as the primary treatment modalities for various groups and regions affected by head and neck cancer. Nonetheless, these treatments are linked to adverse side effects in patients. Moreover, due to tumor resistance to multiple drugs (both intrinsic and extrinsic) and radiotherapy, along with numerous other factors, recurrences or metastases often occur. Electrochemotherapy (ECT) emerges as a clinically proven alternative that offers high efficacy, localized effect, and diminished negative factors. Electrochemotherapy involves the treatment of solid tumors by combining a non-permeable cytotoxic drug, such as bleomycin, with a locally administered pulsed electric field (PEF). It is crucial to employ this method effectively by utilizing optimal PEF protocols and drugs at concentrations that do not possess inherent cytotoxic properties. This review emphasizes an examination of diverse clinical practices of ECT concerning head and neck cancer. It specifically delves into the treatment procedure, the choice of anti-cancer drugs, pre-treatment planning, PEF protocols, and electroporation electrodes as well as the efficacy of tumor response to the treatment and encountered obstacles. We have also highlighted the significance of assessing the spatial electric field distribution in both tumor and adjacent tissues prior to treatment as it plays a pivotal role in determining treatment success. Finally, we compare the ECT methodology to conventional treatments to highlight the potential for improvement and to facilitate popularization of the technique in the area of head and neck cancers where it is not widespread yet while it is not the case with other cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnoldas Morozas
- Department of Immunology and Bioelectrochemistry, State Research Institute Centre of Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Immunology and Bioelectrochemistry, State Research Institute Centre of Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Justinas Ivaška
- Department of Immunology and Bioelectrochemistry, State Research Institute Centre of Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Tatjana Ivaškienė
- Department of Immunology and Bioelectrochemistry, State Research Institute Centre of Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vitalij Novickij
- Department of Immunology and Bioelectrochemistry, State Research Institute Centre of Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Faculty of Electronics, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Bonadies A, Iorio A, Silipo V, Cota C, Govoni FA, Battista M, Pallara T, Migliano E. Bleomycin Electrochemotherapy of Dermal Cylindroma as an Alternative Treatment in a Rare Adnexal Neoplasm: A Case Report and Literature Review. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2667. [PMID: 37893041 PMCID: PMC10604352 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brooke-Spiegler syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the continuous development of multiple benign skin appendage tumors. It is treated usually by repeated standard surgery. Here, we present a case study where electrochemotherapy (ECT) with bleomycin was used as an effective alternative approach in treating advanced dermal cylindromatosis of the head and neck in a patient with Brooke-Spiegler syndrome. PATIENTS AND METHODS A 45-year-old woman presented with multiple recurrent dermal cylindroma lesions on her scalp. Previous treatment consisted of several surgical excisions that resulted in psychological deterioration due to the formation of numerous scars and extensive alopecic areas. ECT was offered to provide tumor removal and disease control and to improve the patient's quality of life. RESULTS The treatment was well tolerated, and a significant reduction in neoplastic tissue was achieved. Importantly, scalp skin condition significantly improved, regaining a fair follicular density on the margins. CONCLUSION This report suggests the feasibility of bleomycin ECT as a less invasive alternative option for controlling multiple scalp cylindroma lesions with cosmetically acceptable results, and improving quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Bonadies
- Department of Plastic and Regenerative Surgery, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute—IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (T.P.); (E.M.)
| | - Alessandra Iorio
- Department of Oncologic and Preventative Dermatology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute—IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (A.I.); (V.S.)
| | - Vitaliano Silipo
- Department of Oncologic and Preventative Dermatology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute—IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (A.I.); (V.S.)
| | - Carlo Cota
- Dermatopathological Laboratory, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute—IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Flavio Andrea Govoni
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, ACO San Camillo, Forlanini, 00152 Rome, Italy;
| | - Michela Battista
- Scientific & Medical Department, IGEA S.p.A, 41012 Carpi, Italy;
| | - Tiziano Pallara
- Department of Plastic and Regenerative Surgery, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute—IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (T.P.); (E.M.)
| | - Emilia Migliano
- Department of Plastic and Regenerative Surgery, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute—IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (T.P.); (E.M.)
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Radzevičiūtė-Valčiukė E, Želvys A, Mickevičiūtė E, Gečaitė J, Zinkevičienė A, Malyško-Ptašinskė V, Kašėta V, Novickij J, Ivaškienė T, Novickij V. Calcium Electrochemotherapy for Tumor Eradication and the Potential of High-Frequency Nanosecond Protocols. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1083. [PMID: 37630998 PMCID: PMC10460074 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium electroporation (CaEP) is an innovative approach to treating cancer, involving the internalization of supraphysiological amounts of calcium through electroporation, which leads to cell death. CaEP enables the replacement of chemotherapeutics (e.g., bleomycin). Here, we present a standard microsecond (μsCaEP) and novel high-frequency nanosecond protocols for calcium electroporation (nsCaEP) for the elimination of carcinoma tumors in C57BL/6J mice. We show the efficacy of CaEP in eliminating tumors and increasing their survival rates in vivo. The antitumor immune response after the treatment was observed by investigating immune cell populations in tumors, spleens, lymph nodes, and blood, as well as assessing antitumor antibodies. CaEP treatment resulted in an increased percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ central memory T cells and decreased splenic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC). Moreover, increased levels of antitumor IgG antibodies after CaEP treatment were detected. The experimental results demonstrated that the administration of CaEP led to tumor growth delay, increased survival rates, and stimulated immune response, indicating a potential synergistic relationship between CaEP and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eivina Radzevičiūtė-Valčiukė
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.Ž.); (J.G.); (A.Z.); (T.I.)
- Faculty of Electronics, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania; (V.M.-P.); (J.N.)
| | - Augustinas Želvys
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.Ž.); (J.G.); (A.Z.); (T.I.)
| | - Eglė Mickevičiūtė
- Department of Biomodels, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 11342 Vilnius, Lithuania; (E.M.); (V.K.)
| | - Jovita Gečaitė
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.Ž.); (J.G.); (A.Z.); (T.I.)
| | - Auksė Zinkevičienė
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.Ž.); (J.G.); (A.Z.); (T.I.)
| | - Veronika Malyško-Ptašinskė
- Faculty of Electronics, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania; (V.M.-P.); (J.N.)
| | - Vytautas Kašėta
- Department of Biomodels, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 11342 Vilnius, Lithuania; (E.M.); (V.K.)
| | - Jurij Novickij
- Faculty of Electronics, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania; (V.M.-P.); (J.N.)
| | - Tatjana Ivaškienė
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.Ž.); (J.G.); (A.Z.); (T.I.)
| | - Vitalij Novickij
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.Ž.); (J.G.); (A.Z.); (T.I.)
- Faculty of Electronics, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania; (V.M.-P.); (J.N.)
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Bruners P. [CT-guided local ablative interventions]. RADIOLOGIE (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2023:10.1007/s00117-023-01164-1. [PMID: 37306751 DOI: 10.1007/s00117-023-01164-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Applicator-based local ablations under computed tomography (CT) guidance for the treatment of malignant tumors have found their way into clinical routine. OBJECTIVES The basic principles of the different ablation technologies and their specific clinical field of application are described. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive literature review regarding applicator-based ablation techniques was carried out. RESULTS Radiofrequency (RFA) and microwave ablation (MWA) represent two image-guided hyperthermal treatment modalities that have been established for the treatment of primary and secondary liver malignancies. In addition, both techniques are also applied for local ablative therapy of lung- and kidney tumors. Cryoablation is mainly used for the local ablation of T1 kidney cancer and due to its intrinsic analgetic characteristics for application in the musculoskeletal system. Nonresectable pancreatic tumors and centrally located liver malignancies can be treated with irreversible electroporation. This nonthermal ablation modality preserves the structure of the extracellular matrix including blood vessels and ducts. Technical advancements in the field of CT-guided interventions include the use of robotics, different tracking and navigation technologies and the use of augmented reality with the goal to achieve higher precision, shorter intervention time and thereby reduce radiation exposure. CONCLUSION Percutaneous ablation techniques under CT guidance are an essential part of interventional radiology and they are suited for local treatment of malignancies in most organ systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Bruners
- Klinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Universitätsklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Deutschland.
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Radzevičiūtė-Valčiukė E, Gečaitė J, Želvys A, Zinkevičienė A, Žalnėravičius R, Malyško-Ptašinskė V, Nemeikaitė-Čenienė A, Kašėta V, German N, Novickij J, Ramanavičienė A, Kulbacka J, Novickij V. Improving NonViral Gene Delivery Using MHz Bursts of Nanosecond Pulses and Gold Nanoparticles for Electric Field Amplification. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041178. [PMID: 37111663 PMCID: PMC10146442 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene delivery by the pulsed electric field is a promising alternative technology for nonviral transfection; however, the application of short pulses (i.e., nanosecond) is extremely limited. In this work, we aimed to show the capability to improve gene delivery using MHz frequency bursts of nanosecond pulses and characterize the potential use of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs: 9, 13, 14, and 22 nm) in this context. We have used bursts of MHz pulses 3/5/7 kV/cm × 300 ns × 100 and compared the efficacy of the parametric protocols to conventional microsecond protocols (100 µs × 8, 1 Hz) separately and in combination with nanoparticles. Furthermore, the effects of pulses and AuNPs on the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were analyzed. It was shown that gene delivery using microsecond protocols could be significantly improved with AuNPs; however, the efficacy is strongly dependent on the surface charge of AuNPs and their size. The capability of local field amplification using AuNPs was also confirmed by finite element method simulation. Finally, it was shown that AuNPs are not effective with nanosecond protocols. However, MHz protocols are still competitive in the context of gene delivery, resulting in low ROS generation, preserved viability, and easier procedure to trigger comparable efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eivina Radzevičiūtė-Valčiukė
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Faculty of Electronics, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jovita Gečaitė
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Augustinas Želvys
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Auksė Zinkevičienė
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rokas Žalnėravičius
- State Research Institute Center for Physical Science and Technology, 02300 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Aušra Nemeikaitė-Čenienė
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vytautas Kašėta
- Department of Biomodels, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Natalija German
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jurij Novickij
- Faculty of Electronics, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Almira Ramanavičienė
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Vitalij Novickij
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Faculty of Electronics, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
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11
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Ibrahimi N, Vallet L, Andre FM, Rivaletto M, Novac BM, Mir LM, Pécastaing L. An Overview of Subnanosecond Pulsed Electric Field Biological Effects: Toward Contactless Technologies for Cancer Treatment. Bioelectricity 2023. [DOI: 10.1089/bioe.2022.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Njomza Ibrahimi
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingénieur Appliquées à la Mécanique et au Génie Électrique–Fédération IPRA, EA4581, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour/E2S UPPA, Pau, France
| | - Leslie Vallet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Gustave Roussy, UMR 9018, Metabolic and Systemic Aspects of Oncogenesis (METSY), Villejuif, France
| | - Franck M. Andre
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Gustave Roussy, UMR 9018, Metabolic and Systemic Aspects of Oncogenesis (METSY), Villejuif, France
| | - Marc Rivaletto
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingénieur Appliquées à la Mécanique et au Génie Électrique–Fédération IPRA, EA4581, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour/E2S UPPA, Pau, France
| | - Bucur M. Novac
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingénieur Appliquées à la Mécanique et au Génie Électrique–Fédération IPRA, EA4581, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour/E2S UPPA, Pau, France
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Lluis M. Mir
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Gustave Roussy, UMR 9018, Metabolic and Systemic Aspects of Oncogenesis (METSY), Villejuif, France
| | - Laurent Pécastaing
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingénieur Appliquées à la Mécanique et au Génie Électrique–Fédération IPRA, EA4581, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour/E2S UPPA, Pau, France
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12
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Zhou Y, Xing X, Zhou J, Jiang H, Cen P, Jin C, Zhong Y, Zhou R, Wang J, Tian M, Zhang H. Therapeutic potential of tumor treating fields for malignant brain tumors. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2023; 6:e1813. [PMID: 36987739 PMCID: PMC10172187 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant brain tumors are among the most threatening diseases of the central nervous system, and despite increasingly updated treatments, the prognosis has not been improved. Tumor treating fields (TTFields) are an emerging approach in cancer treatment using intermediate-frequency and low-intensity electric field and can lead to the development of novel therapeutic options. RECENT FINDINGS A series of biological processes induced by TTFields to exert anti-cancer effects have been identified. Recent studies have shown that TTFields can alter the bioelectrical state of macromolecules and organelles involved in cancer biology. Massive alterations in cancer cell proteomics and transcriptomics caused by TTFields were related to cell biological processes as well as multiple organelle structures and activities. This review addresses the mechanisms of TTFields and recent advances in the application of TTFields therapy in malignant brain tumors, especially in glioblastoma (GBM). CONCLUSIONS As a novel therapeutic strategy, TTFields have shown promising results in many clinical trials, especially in GBM, and continue to evolve. A growing number of patients with malignant brain tumors are being enrolled in ongoing clinical studies demonstrating that TTFields-based combination therapies can improve treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youyou Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoqing Xing
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinyun Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Han Jiang
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Biomedical Imaging Laboratory (BIG), University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Peili Cen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chentao Jin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Zhong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mei Tian
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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13
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Spiliotis AE, Holländer S, Rudzitis-Auth J, Wagenpfeil G, Eisele R, Nika S, Mallis Kyriakides O, Laschke MW, Menger MD, Glanemann M, Gäbelein G. Evaluation of Electrochemotherapy with Bleomycin in the Treatment of Colorectal Hepatic Metastases in a Rat Model. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051598. [PMID: 36900388 PMCID: PMC10000671 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The available ablative procedures for the treatment of hepatic cancer have contraindications due to the heat-sink effect and the risk of thermal injuries. Electrochemotherapy (ECT) as a nonthermal approach may be utilized for the treatment of tumors adjacent to high-risk regions. We evaluated the effectiveness of ECT in a rat model. METHODS WAG/Rij rats were randomized to four groups and underwent ECT, reversible electroporation (rEP), or intravenous injection of bleomycin (BLM) eight days after subcapsular hepatic tumor implantation. The fourth group served as Sham. Tumor volume and oxygenation were measured before and five days after the treatment using ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging; thereafter, liver and tumor tissue were additionally analysed by histology and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The ECT group showed a stronger reduction in tumor oxygenation compared to the rEP and BLM groups; moreover, ECT-treated tumors exhibited the lowest levels of hemoglobin concentration compared to the other groups. Histological analyses further revealed a significantly increased tumor necrosis of >85% and a reduced tumor vascularization in the ECT group compared to the rEP, BLM, and Sham groups. CONCLUSION ECT is an effective approach for the treatment of hepatic tumors with necrosis rates >85% five days following treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios E. Spiliotis
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +49-0304-5065-2625
| | - Sebastian Holländer
- Department of General Surgery, Vascular-, Visceral- and Pediatric Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Jeannette Rudzitis-Auth
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Gudrun Wagenpfeil
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Robert Eisele
- Department of General Surgery, Vascular-, Visceral- and Pediatric Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Spyridon Nika
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Orestis Mallis Kyriakides
- Department of General Surgery, Vascular-, Visceral- and Pediatric Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Matthias W. Laschke
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Michael D. Menger
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Glanemann
- Department of General Surgery, Vascular-, Visceral- and Pediatric Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Gereon Gäbelein
- Department of General Surgery, Vascular-, Visceral- and Pediatric Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
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14
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Iezzi R, Posa A, Caputo CT, De Leoni D, Sbaraglia F, Rossi M, Tortora G, Tagliaferri L, Valentini V, Colosimo C. Safety and Feasibility of Analgosedation for Electrochemotherapy of Liver Lesions. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13030631. [PMID: 36983788 PMCID: PMC10051269 DOI: 10.3390/life13030631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Interventional Oncology treatments grant low-risk mini-invasive alternatives to surgery for cancer patients. Percutaneous ablative therapies represent a cornerstone for treatment of liver cancer patients. Among these, a newly emerging one is represented by electrochemotherapy. Improvements in analgesia and sedation can nowadays offer optimal support for ablative procedures, serving as a valid alternative to general anesthesia. The intention of this retrospective monocentric study is to report our preliminary experience on feasibility and safety of electrochemotherapy for treatment of complex liver tumors unfit for thermal ablation, using analgosedation instead of general anesthesia. Five patients were enrolled in the study, undergoing electrochemotherapy under analgosedation. Mean procedural time and hospitalization time were recorded. Immediate post-procedural cone-beam CT showed complete coverage of the lesion without complications. One-month CT examination showed an overall response rate of 100% (four complete responses, one partial response). Electrochemotherapy under analgosedation seems to be a safe, feasible, and effective option for liver cancer patients not amenable to other ablative techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Iezzi
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Oncologic Radiotherapy and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (R.I.); (A.P.)
| | - Alessandro Posa
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Oncologic Radiotherapy and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (R.I.); (A.P.)
| | - Cosimo Tommaso Caputo
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Davide De Leoni
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Oncologic Radiotherapy and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Sbaraglia
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Rossi
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Tortora
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Tagliaferri
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Oncologic Radiotherapy and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Valentini
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Oncologic Radiotherapy and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Cesare Colosimo
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Oncologic Radiotherapy and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
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15
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Irreversible Electroporation in Pancreatic Cancer-An Evolving Experimental and Clinical Method. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054381. [PMID: 36901812 PMCID: PMC10002122 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has no symptoms until the disease has advanced and is aggressive cancer with early metastasis. Up to now, the only curative treatment is surgical resection, which is possible in the early stages of the disease. Irreversible electroporation treatment offers new hope for patients with unresectable tumors. Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a type of ablation therapy that has been explored as a potential treatment for pancreatic cancer. Ablation therapies involve the use of energy to destroy or damage cancer cells. IRE involves using high-voltage, low-energy electrical pulses to create resealing in the cell membrane, causing the cell to die. This review summarizes experiential and clinical findings in terms of the IRE applications. As was described, IRE can be a non-pharmacological approach (electroporation) or combined with anticancer drugs or standard treatment methods. The efficacy of irreversible electroporation (IRE) in eliminating pancreatic cancer cells has been demonstrated through both in vitro and in vivo studies, and it has been shown to induce an immune response. Nevertheless, further investigation is required to assess its effectiveness in human subjects and to comprehensively understand IRE's potential as a treatment option for pancreatic cancer.
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16
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Heinzelmann J, Hecht S, Vogt AR, Siebolts U, Kaatzsch P, Viestenz A. Repetitive Bleomycin-Based Electrochemotherapy Improves Antitumor Effectiveness in 3D Tumor Models of Conjunctival Melanoma. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12031087. [PMID: 36769736 PMCID: PMC9917688 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12031087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conjunctival melanoma (CM) is associated with a high rate of local recurrence and poor survival rate. Novel therapeutic options are needed to reduce recurrence rate. The objective of the study was to demonstrate the improved effectiveness of electrochemotherapy (ECT) on CM using repetitive application. METHODS Tumor spheroids of three CM cell lines (CRMM1, CRMM2, CM2005.1) were treated repetitively with ECT using the chemotherapeutic agent bleomycin on days 3, 5, and 7 of culture. Application of bleomycin alone and electroporation alone served as controls. The cytotoxic effect was analyzed on day 10 compared to untreated control using an independent t-test. The spheroid outgrowth rate was measured. RESULT CM tumor spheroid size (median value: 78%, SD: 32%) and viability (median value: 11%, SD: 11%) were dramatically reduced after repetitive ECT treatment (p-value < 0.001). Decreased proliferation capacity (down to 8%) and an increase of apoptotic cells were observed. In most repetitive ECT-treated spheroids, no viable or proliferating cells were detected. Only 33-40% of repetitive ECT-treated spheroids exhibited single outgrowing cells with a delay of time up to 38 days. CONCLUSION Repetitive ECT application effectively induces cytotoxic effects in CM spheroids by inducing apoptosis, inhibiting proliferation and decreasing the percentage of surviving tumor cells. Thus, repetitive ECT results in improved antitumor effectiveness in CM and could be an alternative therapy option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Heinzelmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Sabine Hecht
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Alexander Ruben Vogt
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Udo Siebolts
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Köln, 50996 Köln, Germany
| | - Peter Kaatzsch
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle, Germany
| | - Arne Viestenz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
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17
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Granata V, Fusco R, D’Alessio V, Simonetti I, Grassi F, Silvestro L, Palaia R, Belli A, Patrone R, Piccirillo M, Izzo F. Percutanous Electrochemotherapy (ECT) in Primary and Secondary Liver Malignancies: A Systematic Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13020209. [PMID: 36673019 PMCID: PMC9858594 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13020209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to analyse papers describing the use of Electrochemotherapy (ECT) in local treatment of primary and secondary liver tumours located at different sites and with different histologies. Other Local Ablative Therapies (LAT) are also discussed. Analyses of these papers demonstrate that ECT use is safe and effective in lesions of large size, independently of the histology of the treated lesions. ECT performed better than other thermal ablation techniques in lesions > 6 cm in size and can be safely used to treat lesions distant, close, or adjacent to vital structures. ECT spares vessel and bile ducts, is repeatable, and can be performed between chemotherapeutic cycles. ECT can fill the gap in local ablative therapies due to being lesions too large or localized in highly challenging anatomical sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenza Granata
- Division of Radiology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale—IRCCS di Napoli, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Oncology Medical and Research & Development Division, Casalnuovo di Napoli, 80013 Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria D’Alessio
- Oncology Medical and Research & Development Division, Casalnuovo di Napoli, 80013 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Igino Simonetti
- Division of Radiology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale—IRCCS di Napoli, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Grassi
- Division of Radiology, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80127 Naples, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Silvestro
- Division of Clinical Experimental Oncology Abdomen, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale—IRCCS di Napoli, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Palaia
- Division of Epatobiliary Surgical Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale—IRCCS di Napoli, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Belli
- Division of Epatobiliary Surgical Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale—IRCCS di Napoli, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Renato Patrone
- Division of Epatobiliary Surgical Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale—IRCCS di Napoli, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Mauro Piccirillo
- Division of Epatobiliary Surgical Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale—IRCCS di Napoli, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Izzo
- Division of Epatobiliary Surgical Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale—IRCCS di Napoli, 80131 Naples, Italy
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18
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Lindelauf KHK, Baragona M, Baumann M, Maessen RTH, Ritter A. Pulse Parameters and Thresholds for (ir)Reversible Electroporation on Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells in Vitro. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2023; 22:15330338221136694. [PMID: 36600679 PMCID: PMC9829997 DOI: 10.1177/15330338221136694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is a leading cause of cancer-related death in many parts of the world. Traditional treatment options are not always effective. During the promising minimally invasive electroporation-based therapies, biological cell membranes are exposed to an external, sufficiently high, pulsed electric field which creates so-called nanopores into the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane. These pores can either be permanent (irreversible electroporation (IRE)), leading to apoptosis, or repairable (reversible electroporation (RE)), with continued cell function. In tumor therapy, RE is used to increase the diffusion of a chemotherapeutic drug during electrochemotherapy. For both IRE and RE, the success of the treatment is dependent on application of the appropriate electric field. Therefore, this study aims to define the pulse parameters and thresholds for IRE and RE on hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells in-vitro.In a custom-made in-vitro setup, HepG2 cell viability (0, 5, 10, and 15 min), and the peak temperature were measured after electroporation with the different IRE and RE pulsing protocols, to determine the most successful settings for IRE and RE. A CAM/PI flow cytometric assay was performed to confirm cell permeabilization for the RE pulsing protocols with the highest cell viability.The results indicated that an IRE pulsing protocol (70 pulses, 100 µs pulse length, and 100 ms interval) with an electric field strength of 4000 V/cm was needed as threshold for almost complete cell death of HepG2 cells. A RE pulsing protocol (8 pulses, 100 µs pulse length, and 1000 ms interval) with an electric field strength of 1000 V/cm was needed as threshold for viable and permeabilized HepG2 cells. The low peak temperatures (max 30.1°C for IRE, max 23.1°C for RE) within this study indicated that the reduction in HepG2 cell viability was caused by the applied electric field and was not a result of Joule heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. H. K. Lindelauf
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology,
University
Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany,Philips
Research, Eindhoven, the Netherlands,K. H. K. Lindelauf, Department of
Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen,
Aachen, Germany.
| | - M. Baragona
- Philips
Research, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - M. Baumann
- Institute of Applied Medical Engineering,
RWTH Aachen
University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - A. Ritter
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology,
University
Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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19
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Zhong S, Yao S, Zhao Q, Wang Z, Liu Z, Li L, Wang ZL. Electricity‐Assisted Cancer Therapy: From Traditional Clinic Applications to Emerging Methods Integrated with Nanotechnologies. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202200143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Songjing Zhong
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 101400 P.R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 101400 P.R. China
| | - Shuncheng Yao
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 101400 P.R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 101400 P.R. China
| | - Qinyu Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 101400 P.R. China
- Center on Nanoenergy Research Guangxi University Nanning 530004 P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 101400 P.R. China
| | - Zhirong Liu
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 101400 P.R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 101400 P.R. China
| | - Linlin Li
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 101400 P.R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 101400 P.R. China
- Center on Nanoenergy Research Guangxi University Nanning 530004 P.R. China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 101400 P.R. China
- Center on Nanoenergy Research Guangxi University Nanning 530004 P.R. China
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20
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Bute B, Alkis ME. Anticancer activity of methotrexate in electrochemotherapy and electrochemotherapy plus ionizing radiation treatments in human breast cancer cells. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 40:28. [PMID: 36459220 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01891-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Traditional cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy have several limitations. Therefore, their performance must be enhanced with combined methods. The purpose of this study is to investigate both the efficacy of electroporation (EP) on the activity of methotrexate (MTX) and the combined treatment of electrochemotherapy (ECT) + ionizing radiation (IR) in MCF-7 cancer cells. Different treatment techniques, such as EP, MTX, MTX + EP (ECT), 140 kV X-ray alone (IR_140kV), 500 kV X-ray alone (IR_500kV), ECT + IR_140kV and ECT + IR_500kV, were applied to cancer cells. Eight electric pulse trains with square wave (800 V/cm, 100 µs and 1 Hz) were used in EP and ECT applications. The MTT assay was used to assess the efficacy of the therapies used. When the EP, MTX, ECT, IR_140kV, and IR_500kV treatment groups were compared to the control group, there was a significant reduction in MCF-7 cancer cells viability (p < 0.05). ECT was the most effective of these treatments, decreasing viability of cancer cells to 58.78%. The ECT + IR_140kV and ECT + IR_500kV groups were compared to the ECT group to examine the impact of X-ray radiation on ECT treatment. When compared to the ECT alone group, both groups that exposed to X-rays after ECT had a significant decrease in cell viability (p < 0.05). Furthermore, viability of MCF-7 cells reduced to 46.38% in the ECT + IR_140kV group and 35.89% in the ECT + IR_500kV group. In conclusion, the study shows that the cytotoxicity of MTX is significantly increased in ECT treatment compared to standard chemotherapy (p < 0.05). In addition, ECT + IR combined therapy application is much more effective than MTX or ECT treatments alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Bute
- Department of Nuclear Energy and Energy Systems, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Muş Alparslan University, Muş, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Esref Alkis
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Health Sciences, Muş Alparslan University, Guzeltepe, 49250, Muş, Turkey.
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21
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Duckert B, Fauvart M, Goos P, Stakenborg T, Lagae L, Braeken D. High-definition electroporation: Precise and efficient transfection on a microelectrode array. J Control Release 2022; 352:61-73. [PMID: 36208793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular delivery is critical for a plethora of biomedical applications, including mRNA transfection and gene editing. High transfection efficiency and low cytotoxicity, however, are often beyond the capabilities of bulk techniques and synonymous with extensive empirical optimization. Moreover, bulk techniques are not amenable to large screening applications. Here, we propose an expeditious workflow for achieving optimal electroporation-based intracellular delivery. Using the multiplexing ability of a high-definition microelectrode array (MEA) chip, we performed a sequence of carefully designed experiments, multiple linear regression modelling and validation to obtain optimal conditions for on-chip electroporation of primary fibroblasts. Five electric pulse parameters were varied to generate 32 different electroporation conditions. The effect of the parameters on cytotoxicity and intracellular delivery could be evaluated with just two experiments. Most successful electroporation conditions resulted in no cell death, highlighting the low cytotoxicity of on-chip electroporation. The resulting delivery models were then used to achieve dosage-controlled delivery of small molecules, delivery of Cas9-GFP single-guide RNA complexes and transfection with an mCherry-encoding mRNA, resulting in previously unreported high-efficiency, single-cell transfection on MEAs: cells expressed mCherry on 81% of the actuated electrodes, underscoring the vast potential of CMOS MEA technology for the transfection of primary cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Duckert
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200d, 3001, Leuven, Belgium; imec, Kapeldreef 75, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
| | | | - Peter Goos
- Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Engineering Management, University of Antwerp, Prinsstraat 13, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | | | - Liesbet Lagae
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200d, 3001, Leuven, Belgium; imec, Kapeldreef 75, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
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22
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Trotovsek B, Hadzialjevic B, Cemazar M, Sersa G, Djokic M. Laparoscopic electrochemotherapy for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: Technological advancement. Front Oncol 2022; 12:996269. [PMID: 36439427 PMCID: PMC9686426 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.996269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrochemotherapy is an effective treatment modality for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Electrochemotherapy for HCC was initially used in the setting of open surgery. Recently, with the development of newer electrodes, percutaneous approaches have also been performed. However, laparoscopic application of electrochemotherapy for HCC has not yet been described. Two patients with unresectable HCC were enrolled in the study. The first patient was not suitable for the percutaneous approach because the tumor was located close to the gallbladder. He also had symptomatic gallstones. The second patient had HCC in close proximity to the stomach and was therefore not suitable for percutaneous access or any other ablative technique. Thus, the laparoscopic approach was chosen, using newly developed Stinger electrodes for the application of electric pulses. After intravenous administration of bleomycin, several sets of electric pulses were delivered to the whole tumor mass in both patients. Ultrasonographically, the coverage of the whole tumor was verified, as described previously. Cholecystectomy was also performed in the first patient. Follow-up abdominal computed tomography showed a complete response of the treated lesions in both patients. Minimally invasive laparoscopic electrochemotherapy is safe, feasible and effective method for the treatment of HCC. It could be used in patients in whom the percutaneous approach is unsafe (proximity to other organs) and in patients with concomitant symptomatic gallstones in whom cholecystectomy is already indicated. This technological approach thus allows broader and minimally invasive clinical applicability of electrochemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaz Trotovsek
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Benjamin Hadzialjevic
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Cemazar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Izola, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Sersa
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mihajlo Djokic
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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23
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Aleksanyan M, Faizi HA, Kirmpaki MA, Vlahovska PM, Riske KA, Dimova R. Assessing membrane material properties from the response of giant unilamellar vesicles to electric fields. ADVANCES IN PHYSICS: X 2022; 8:2125342. [PMID: 36211231 PMCID: PMC9536468 DOI: 10.1080/23746149.2022.2125342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the material properties of membranes is crucial to understanding cell viability and physiology. A number of methods have been developed to probe membranes in vitro, utilizing the response of minimal biomimetic membrane models to an external perturbation. In this review, we focus on techniques employing giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs), model membrane systems, often referred to as minimal artificial cells because of the potential they offer to mimick certain cellular features. When exposed to electric fields, GUV deformation, dynamic response and poration can be used to deduce properties such as bending rigidity, pore edge tension, membrane capacitance, surface shear viscosity, excess area and membrane stability. We present a succinct overview of these techniques, which require only simple instrumentation, available in many labs, as well as reasonably facile experimental implementation and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Aleksanyan
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University of Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hammad A Faizi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Maria-Anna Kirmpaki
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Petia M Vlahovska
- Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Karin A Riske
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 04039-032 Brazil
| | - Rumiana Dimova
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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24
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Aleksanyan M, Lira RB, Steinkühler J, Dimova R. GM1 asymmetry in the membrane stabilizes pores. Biophys J 2022; 121:3295-3302. [PMID: 35668647 PMCID: PMC9463649 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell membranes are highly asymmetric and their stability against poration is crucial for survival. We investigated the influence of membrane asymmetry on electroporation of giant unilamellar vesicles with membranes doped with GM1, a ganglioside asymmetrically enriched in the outer leaflet of neuronal cell membranes. Compared with symmetric membranes, the lifetimes of micronsized pores are about an order of magnitude longer suggesting that pores are stabilized by GM1. Internal membrane nanotubes caused by the GM1 asymmetry, obstruct and additionally slow down pore closure, effectively reducing pore edge tension and leading to leaky membranes. Our results point to the drastic effects this ganglioside can have on pore resealing in biotechnology applications based on poration as well as on membrane repair processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Aleksanyan
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Golm, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rafael B Lira
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Golm, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jan Steinkühler
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Golm, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Rumiana Dimova
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Golm, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
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25
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Kaneko K, Acharya CR, Nagata H, Yang X, Hartman ZC, Hobeika A, Hughes PF, Haystead TAJ, Morse MA, Lyerly HK, Osada T. Combination of a novel heat shock protein 90-targeted photodynamic therapy with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade induces potent systemic antitumor efficacy and abscopal effect against breast cancers. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:e004793. [PMID: 36171008 PMCID: PMC9528636 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-004793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously demonstrated potent antitumor activity against human breast cancer xenografts using photodynamic therapy (PDT) targeting a novel tumor-specific photosensitizer (HS201), which binds heat shock protein 90 (HS201-PDT). However, induction of systemic antitumor immunity by HS201-PDT alone or by the combination strategy with immune checkpoint blockade has yet to be determined. METHODS Using unilateral and bilateral implantation models of syngeneic breast tumors (E0771, MM3MG-HER2, and JC-HER3) in mice, we assessed whether HS201-PDT could induce local and systemic antitumor immunity. In an attempt to achieve a stronger abscopal effect for distant tumors, the combination strategy with anti-PD-L1 antibody was tested. Tumor-infiltrating leukocytes were analyzed by single cell RNA-sequencing and receptor-ligand interactome analysis to characterize in more detailed the mechanisms of action of the treatment and key signaling pathways involved. RESULTS HS201-PDT demonstrated greater tumor control and survival in immune competent mice than in immunocompromised mice, suggesting the role of induced antitumor immunity; however, survival was modest and an abscopal effect on distant implanted tumor was weak. A combination of HS201-PDT with anti-PD-L1 antibody demonstrated the greatest antigen-specific immune response, tumor growth suppression, prolonged mouse survival time and abscopal effect. The most significant increase of intratumoral, activated CD8+T cells and decrease of exhausted CD8+T cells occurred following combination treatment compared with HS201-PDT monotherapy. Receptor-ligand interactome analysis showed marked enhancement of several pathways, such as CXCL, GALECTIN, GITRL, PECAM1 and NOTCH, associated with CD8+T cell activation in the combination group. Notably, the expression of the CXCR3 gene signature was the highest in the combination group, possibly explaining the enhanced tumor infiltration by T cells. CONCLUSIONS The increased antitumor activity and upregulated CXCR3 gene signature induced by the combination of anti-PD-L1 antibody with HS201-PDT warrants the clinical testing of HS201-PDT combined with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in patients with breast cancer, and the use of the CXCR3 gene signature as a biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Kaneko
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Chaitanya R Acharya
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hiroshi Nagata
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Amy Hobeika
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Philip F Hughes
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Timothy A J Haystead
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael A Morse
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Herbert Kim Lyerly
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Takuya Osada
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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26
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Savcı A, Buldurun K, Alkış ME, Alan Y, Turan N. Synthesis, characterization, antioxidant and anticancer activities of a new Schiff base and its M(II) complexes derived from 5-fluorouracil. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 39:172. [PMID: 35972705 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01774-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Schiff base ligand was obtained from the condensation reaction of benzene-1,2-diamine and 5-fluoropyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione (5-FU). Metal(II) complexes were synthesized with Fe(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) chloride salts. The synthesized ligand and metal complexes were characterized by FT-IR, UV-vis, 1H-13C NMR, elemental analyses, mass spectroscopy, magnetic moments, molar conductivity and thermogravimetric analysis studies. With the help of different techniques reveal Fe(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes have exhibited tetrahedral and octahedral geometry. Ligand acted as bidentate and it binds metal(II) ions through deprotonated-NH, imine-N atom and carbonyl-O atom, respectively. DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, CUPRAC and total antioxidant activity methods were used to determine the antioxidant properties of ligand and metal complexes. According to the results, the synthesized compounds showed very high antioxidant activity compared to 5-FU. The cytotoxicities of the synthesized compounds were performed on MCF-7 (human breast cancer) and L-929 (fibroblast) cell lines using the MTT assay. In addition, the effect of electroporation (EP) on the cytotoxicity of the compounds was investigated. Our results demonstrated that novel Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes show potential as new anticancer agents and ECT may be a viable treatment option for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Savcı
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Art and Science, Mus Alparslan University, 49250, Mus, Turkey.
| | - Kenan Buldurun
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Health Services Vocational School, Mus Alparslan University, 49250, Mus, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Eşref Alkış
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mus Alparslan University, 49250, Mus, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Alan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Art and Science, Mus Alparslan University, 49250, Mus, Turkey
| | - Nevin Turan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Mus Alparslan University, 49250, Mus, Turkey
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Electrochemotherapy for solid tumors: literature review and presentation of a novel endoscopic approach. Radiol Oncol 2022; 56:285-291. [PMID: 35776844 PMCID: PMC9400449 DOI: 10.2478/raon-2022-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is a minimally invasive and safe treatment gaining positive and long-lasting antitumoral results that are receiving the attention of the scientific community. It is a local treatment that combines the use of electroporation and the administration of cytotoxic drugs to induce cell death in the target tissue. ECT is largely used for the treatment of cutaneous and subcutaneous lesions, and good results have been reported for the treatment of deep visceral tumors. The latest literature review is provided. Moreover, in line with its development for the treatment of visceral tumors in this article, we describe a novel approach of ECT: endoscopic treatment of colorectal cancer. Endoscopic ECT application was combined with systemic chemotherapy in the treatment of obstructing rectal cancer without prospective surgery. A good response after ECT was described: concentric involvement of the rectum was reduced, and no stenosing lesions were detected. CONCLUSIONS Clinical studies have demonstrated that ECT is a very effective treatment for tumors of different histologic types and localizations. Endoscopic treatment for gastrointestinal cancer is an innovative application of ECT. The combination of systemic treatment and ECT was safe and highly effective in the treatment of colorectal cancer, especially when obstructive, giving the patient a significant gain in quality of life.
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28
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Tellado M, Mir LM, Maglietti F. Veterinary Guidelines for Electrochemotherapy of Superficial Tumors. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:868989. [PMID: 35968026 PMCID: PMC9363792 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.868989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrochemotherapy (ECT) consists in the application of electric pulses to increase chemotherapeutic drug intake (bleomycin, cisplatin, or calcium) into the tumor cells. It has become a very valuable treatment option in veterinary oncology. It is an effective and safe treatment modality, which is not only beneficial as a palliative treatment, but also for a curative approach. Performing the treatment adequately will ensure the best results possible, in the minimum number of sessions, and reduce complications. Usually, only one session is enough to achieve excellent results, but the treatment can be repeated. Several sessions can be necessary in the case of incompletely treated or very extended lesions, as well as in the occurrence of new lesions. ECT is effective for superficial or oral tumors of any histology that are accessible to the electrodes. Intravenous bleomycin is the preferred drug and route of administration, leaving other ways of administration and drugs for selected cases. The guidelines presented here are destined to veterinarians who want to develop their understanding of the basis of ECT and wish to perform it adequately and effectively. In this paper, we also discuss common problems and how to solve them, and we include practical tips to improve the treatment results based on common questions and mistakes of beginner users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lluis M. Mir
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Gustave Roussy, Metabolic and Systemic Aspects of Oncogenesis (METSY), Île-de-France, France
| | - Felipe Maglietti
- Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Felipe Maglietti
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29
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Understanding Necroptosis in Pancreatic Diseases. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12060828. [PMID: 35740953 PMCID: PMC9221205 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermediate between apoptosis and necrosis, necroptosis is a regulated caspase-independent programmed cell death that induces an inflammatory response and mediates cancer development. As our understanding improves, its role in the physiopathology of numerous diseases, including pancreatic diseases, has been reconsidered, and especially in pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. However, the exact pathogenesis remains elusive, even though some studies have been conducted on these diseases. Its unique mechanisms of action in diseases are expected to bring prospects for the treatment of pancreatic diseases. Therefore, it is imperative to further explore its molecular mechanism in pancreatic diseases in order to identify novel therapeutic options. This article introduces recent related research on necroptosis and pancreatic diseases, explores necroptosis-related molecular pathways, and provides a theoretical foundation for new therapeutic targets for pancreatic diseases.
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30
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Modification of a Ready-Made High-Voltage Pulse Generator for Non-Thermal Irreversible Electroporation. Bull Exp Biol Med 2022; 173:276-280. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-022-05533-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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31
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Luerken L, Haimerl M, Doppler M, Uller W, Beyer LP, Stroszczynski C, Einspieler I. Update on Percutaneous Local Ablative Procedures for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2022; 194:1075-1086. [PMID: 35545102 DOI: 10.1055/a-1768-0954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common tumor worldwide. Because many hepatocellular carcinomas are already unresectable at the time of initial diagnosis, percutaneous tumor ablation has become established in recent decades as a curative therapeutic approach for very early (BCLC 0) and early (BCLC A) HCC. The aim of this paper is to provide a concise overview of the percutaneous local ablative procedures currently in use, based on their technical characteristics as well as clinical relevance, taking into account the current body of studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS The literature search included all original papers, reviews, and meta-analyses available via MEDLINE and Pubmed on the respective percutaneous ablation procedures; the primary focus was on randomized controlled trials and publications from the last 10 years. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and microwave ablation (MWA) are well-established procedures that are considered equal to surgical resection in the treatment of stage BCLC 0 and A HCC with a diameter up to 3 cm due to their strong evidence in international and national guidelines. For tumors with a diameter between 3 and 5 cm, the current S3 guidelines recommend a combination of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and thermal ablation using RFA or MWA as combination therapy is superior to thermal ablation alone in tumors of this size and shows comparable results to surgical resection in terms of overall survival. Alternative, less frequently employed thermal procedures include cryotherapy (CT) and laser ablation (LA). Non-thermal procedures include irreversible electroporation (IRE), interstitial brachytherapy (IBT), and most recently, electrochemotherapy (ECT). Due to insufficient evidence, these have only been used in individual cases and within the framework of studies. However, the nonthermal methods are a reasonable alternative for ablation of tumors adjacent to large blood vessels and bile ducts because they cause significantly less damage to these structures than thermal ablation methods. With advances in the technology of the respective procedures, increasingly good evidence, and advancements in supportive techniques such as navigation devices and fusion imaging, percutaneous ablation procedures may expand their indications for the treatment of larger and more advanced tumors in the coming years. KEY POINTS · RFA and MWA are considered equal to surgical resection as a first-line therapy for the curative treatment of stage BCLC 0 and A HCCs with a diameter of up to 3 cm.. · For HCCs with a diameter between 3 and 5 cm, a combination of TACE and RFA or MWA is recommended. This combination therapy yields results comparable to those of surgical resection in terms of overall survival.. · Due to insufficient evidence, alternative ablation methods have only been used in individual cases and within the framework of studies. However, nonthermal methods, such as IRE, IBT, and, most recently, ECT, are a reasonable alternative for ablation of HCCs adjacent to large blood vessels and bile ducts because they cause significantly less damage to these structures than thermal ablation methods.. CITATION FORMAT · Luerken L, Haimerl M, Doppler M et al. Update on Percutaneous Local Ablative Procedures for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2022; DOI: 10.1055/a-1768-0954.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Luerken
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Haimerl
- Institut für Röntgendiagnostik, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Doppler
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Freiburg Department of Radiology, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wibke Uller
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Freiburg Department of Radiology, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Philipp Beyer
- Institut für Röntgendiagnostik, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany.,Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann gGmbH, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Ingo Einspieler
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany
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32
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Claussen CS, Moir G, Bechara FG, Orlando A, Matteucci P, Mowatt D, Clover AJP, Mascherini M, Gehl J, Muir T, Sersa G, Groselj A, Odili J, Giorgione R, Campana LG, Bertino G, Curatolo P, Banerjee S, Kis E, Quaglino P, Pritchard-Jones R, De Terlizzi F, Grischke EM, Kunte C. Prospektive Kohortenstudie von InspECT zur Sicherheit und Wirksamkeit der Elektrochemotherapie bei Hauttumoren und Metastasen in Abhängigkeit von Ulzeration. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2022; 20:470-482. [PMID: 35446500 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14699_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
HINTERGRUND Elektrochemotherapie (ECT) ist eine wirksame lokale Behandlung von Hauttumoren. Ziel dieser Studie war es, die Wirksamkeit der ECT bei ulzerierten gegenüber nichtulzerierten Tumoren zu vergleichen und den Effekt auf tumorassoziierte Symptome zu untersuchen. METHODIK 20 Krebszentren des International Network for Sharing Practices on Electrochemotherapy (InspECT) sammelten prospektiv Daten. Die ECT wurde nach dem ESOPE-Protokoll durchgeführt. Das Therapieansprechen wurde anhand der Entwicklung der Läsionsgröße bewertet. Zusätzlich wurden Schmerzen, Symptome, Leistungsstatus (ECOG-Index) und Gesundheitszustand (EQ-5D-Fragebogen) untersucht. ERGEBNISSE 716 Patienten mit ulzerierten (n = 302) und nichtulzerierten (n = 414) Hauttumoren und Metastasen wurden eingeschlossen (Mindest-Nachsorge 45 Tage). Nicht-ulzerierte Läsionen sprachen besser auf die ECT an als ulzerierte Läsionen (vollständiges Ansprechen: 65 % gegenüber 51 %, p = 0,0061). Nur 38 % (115/302) der Patienten mit ulzerierten Läsionen vor der ECT wiesen bei der letzten Nachuntersuchung ulzerierte Läsionen auf. Patienten mit ulzerierten Läsionen berichteten über stärkere Schmerzen und schwerere Symptome im Vergleich zu Patienten mit nichtulzerierten Läsionen, die sich nach der ECT signifikant und kontinuierlich besserten. Bei Patienten mit nichtulzerierten Läsionen hingegen nahmen die Schmerzen während der Behandlung vorübergehend zu. Es wurden keine schwerwiegenden Nebenwirkungen beobachtet. SCHLUSSFOLGERUNGEN Die ECT ist eine sichere und wirksame lokale Behandlung von Hauttumoren. Während die ECT die Symptome insbesondere bei Patienten mit ulzerierten Läsionen verbessert, sollte auf Basis der Daten die Implementation eines perioperativen Schmerzmanagements besonders bei nichtulzerierten Läsionen während der ECT erwogen werden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Sophie Claussen
- Department of Dermatosurgery and Dermatology, Artemed Clinic of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Graeme Moir
- The Royal London Hospital & QMUL, Bart's Health NHS Trust, Department of Cutaneous Medicine & Surgery, London, United Kingdom
| | - Falk G Bechara
- Department of Dermatologic Surgery, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Antonio Orlando
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Matteucci
- Department of Plastic surgery, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham, United Kingdom
| | - David Mowatt
- Plastic Surgery Department, The Christie Hospital NHS Foundation trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony James P Clover
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland.,Cancer Research@UCC, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Matteo Mascherini
- Clinica Chirurgica 1 - Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Julie Gehl
- Center for Experimental Drug and Gene Electrotransfer (C*EDGE), Department of Clinical Oncology and Palliative Care, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tobian Muir
- Plastic Surgery Department, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
| | - Gregor Sersa
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ales Groselj
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Cervicofacial Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Joy Odili
- Department of Plastic Surgery, St. Georges University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Luca Giovanni Campana
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy.,Department of Surgery, Royal Stoke University Hospital, University Hospitals of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom
| | - Giulia Bertino
- Department of Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery, University of Pavia, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Pietro Curatolo
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Dermatologic Clinic, University of Roma "La Sapienza", Roma, Italy
| | - Shramana Banerjee
- Division of Surgery and interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Erika Kis
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Pietro Quaglino
- Dermatologic Clinic, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | | | - Eva-Maria Grischke
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Kunte
- Department of Dermatosurgery and Dermatology, Artemed Clinic of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
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Cindric H, Gasljevic G, Edhemovic I, Brecelj E, Zmuc J, Cemazar M, Seliskar A, Miklavcic D, Kos B. Numerical mesoscale tissue model of electrochemotherapy in liver based on histological findings. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6476. [PMID: 35444226 PMCID: PMC9021251 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10426-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrochemotherapy (ECT) and irreversible electroporation (IRE) are being investigated for treatment of hepatic tumours. The liver is a highly heterogeneous organ, permeated with a network of macro- and microvasculature, biliary tracts and connective tissue. The success of ECT and IRE depends on sufficient electric field established in whole target tissue; therefore, tissue heterogeneity may affect the treatment outcome. In this study, we investigate electroporation in the liver using a numerical mesoscale tissue model. We numerically reconstructed four ECT experiments in healthy porcine liver and computed the electric field distribution using our treatment planning framework. We compared the computed results with histopathological changes identified on microscopic images after treatment. The mean electric field threshold that best fitted the zone of coagulation necrosis was 1225 V/cm, while the mean threshold that best fitted the zone of partially damaged liver parenchyma attributed to IRE was 805 V/cm. We evaluated how the liver macro- and microstructures affect the electric field distribution. Our results show that the liver microstructure does not significantly affect the electric field distribution on the level needed for treatment planning. However, major hepatic vessels and portal spaces significantly affect the electric field distribution, and should be considered when planning treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Cindric
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Trzaska cesta 25, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gorana Gasljevic
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska cesta 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ibrahim Edhemovic
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska cesta 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Erik Brecelj
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska cesta 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jan Zmuc
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska cesta 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Cemazar
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska cesta 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Polje 42, 6310, Izola, Slovenia
| | - Alenka Seliskar
- University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, Gerbiceva ulica 60, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damijan Miklavcic
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Trzaska cesta 25, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bor Kos
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Trzaska cesta 25, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Electroporation and Electrochemotherapy in Gynecological and Breast Cancer Treatment. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082476. [PMID: 35458673 PMCID: PMC9026735 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gynecological carcinomas affect an increasing number of women and are associated with poor prognosis. The gold standard treatment plan is mainly based on surgical resection and subsequent chemotherapy with cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, anthracyclines, or taxanes. Unfortunately, this treatment is becoming less effective and is associated with many side effects that negatively affect patients’ physical and mental well-being. Electroporation based on tumor exposure to electric pulses enables reduction in cytotoxic drugs dose while increasing their effectiveness. EP-based treatment methods have received more and more interest in recent years and are the subject of a large number of scientific studies. Some of them show promising therapeutic potential without using any cytotoxic drugs or molecules already present in the human body (e.g., calcium electroporation). This literature review aims to present the fundamental mechanisms responsible for the course of EP-based therapies and the current state of knowledge in the field of their application in the treatment of gynecological neoplasms.
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Claussen CS, Moir G, Bechara FG, Orlando A, Matteucci P, Mowatt D, Clover AJP, Mascherini M, Gehl J, Muir T, Sersa G, Groselj A, Odili J, Giorgione R, Campana LG, Bertino G, Curatolo P, Banerjee S, Kis E, Quaglino P, Pritchard-Jones R, De Terlizzi F, Grischke EM, Kunte C. Prospective cohort study by InspECT on safety and efficacy of electrochemotherapy for cutaneous tumors and metastases depending on ulceration. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2022; 20:470-481. [PMID: 35384261 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is an effective local treatment for cutaneous tumors. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of ECT in ulcerated vs. non-ulcerated tumors and investigate the effect on tumor-associated symptoms. METHODS Twenty cancer centers in the International Network for Sharing Practices on Electrochemotherapy (InspECT) prospectively collected data. ECT was performed following ESOPE protocol. Response was evaluated by lesion size development. Pain, symptoms, performance status (ECOG-Index) and health status (EQ-5D questionnaire) were evaluated. RESULTS 716 patients with ulcerated (n = 302) and non-ulcerated (n = 414) cutaneous tumors and metastases were included (minimum follow-up of 45 days). Non-ulcerated lesions responded to ECT better than ulcerated lesions (complete response 65 % vs. 51 %, p = 0.0061). Only 38 % (115/302) with ulcerated lesions before ECT presented with ulcerated lesions at final follow-up. Patients with ulcerated lesions reported higher pain and more severe symptoms compared to non-ulcerated lesions, which significantly and continuously improved following ECT. In non-ulcerated lesions however, pain spiked during the treatment. No serious adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS ECT is a safe and effective local treatment for cutaneous tumors. While ECT improves symptoms especially in patients with ulcerated lesions, data suggest the implementation of a perioperative pain management in non-ulcerated lesions during ECT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Sophie Claussen
- Department of Dermatosurgery and Dermatology, Artemed Clinic of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Graeme Moir
- The Royal London Hospital & QMUL, Barts Health NHS Trust, Department of Cutaneous Medicine & Surgery, London, United Kingdom
| | - Falk G Bechara
- Department of Dermatologic Surgery, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Antonio Orlando
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Matteucci
- Department of Plastic surgery, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham, United Kingdom
| | - David Mowatt
- Plastic Surgery Department, The Christie Hospital NHS Foundation trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony James P Clover
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland.,Cancer Research@UCC, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Matteo Mascherini
- Clinica Chirurgica 1 - Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Julie Gehl
- Center for Experimental Drug and Gene Electrotransfer (C*EDGE), Department of Clinical Oncology and Palliative Care, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tobian Muir
- Plastic Surgery Department, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
| | - Gregor Sersa
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ales Groselj
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Cervicofacial Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Joy Odili
- Department of Plastic Surgery, St. Georges University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Luca Giovanni Campana
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy.,Department of Surgery, Royal Stoke University Hospital, University Hospitals of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom
| | - Giulia Bertino
- Department of Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery, University of Pavia, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Pietro Curatolo
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Dermatologic Clinic, University of Roma "La Sapienza", Roma, Italy
| | - Shramana Banerjee
- Division of Surgery and interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Erika Kis
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Pietro Quaglino
- Dermatologic Clinic, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | | | - Eva-Maria Grischke
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Kunte
- Department of Dermatosurgery and Dermatology, Artemed Clinic of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
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Zhang L, Jia H, Liu X, Zou Y, Sun J, Liu M, Jia S, Liu N, Li Y, Wang Q. Heptamethine Cyanine–Based Application for Cancer Theranostics. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:764654. [PMID: 35222006 PMCID: PMC8874131 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.764654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the most common life-threatening malignant disease. The future of personalized cancer treatments relies on the development of functional agents that have tumor-targeted anticancer activities and can be detected in tumors through imaging. Cyanines, especially heptamethine cyanine (Cy7), have prospective application because of their excellent tumor-targeting capacity, high quantum yield, low tissue autofluorescence, long absorption wavelength, and low background interference. In this review, the application of Cy7 and its derivatives in tumors is comprehensively explored. Cy7 is enormously acknowledged in the field of non-invasive therapy that can “detect” and “kill” tumor cells via near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging, photothermal therapy (PTT), and photodynamic therapy (PDT). Furthermore, Cy7 is more available and has excellent properties in cancer theranostics by the presence of multifunctional nanoparticles via fulfilling multimodal imaging and combination therapy simultaneously. This review provides a comprehensive scope of Cy7’s application for cancer NIRF imaging, phototherapy, nanoprobe-based combination therapy in recent years. A deeper understanding of the application of imaging and treatment underlying Cy7 in cancer may provide new strategies for drug development based on cyanine. Thus, the review will lead the way to new types with optical properties and practical transformation to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Hang Jia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xuqian Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yaxin Zou
- School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jiayi Sun
- School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Mengyu Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shuangshuang Jia
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Obstetrics Department, Kaifeng Maternity Hospital, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yanzhang Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- *Correspondence: Qun Wang, ; Yanzhang Li,
| | - Qun Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- *Correspondence: Qun Wang, ; Yanzhang Li,
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37
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Ruzgys P, Barauskaitė N, Novickij V, Novickij J, Šatkauskas S. The Evidence of the Bystander Effect after Bleomycin Electrotransfer and Irreversible Electroporation. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26196001. [PMID: 34641546 PMCID: PMC8512684 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26196001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
One of current applications of electroporation is electrochemotherapy and electroablation for local cancer treatment. Both of these electroporation modalities share some similarities with radiation therapy, one of which could be the bystander effect. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of the bystander effect following these electroporation-based treatments. During direct CHO-K1 cell treatment, cells were electroporated using one 100 µs duration square wave electric pulse at 1400 V/cm (for bleomycin electrotransfer) or 2800 V/cm (for irreversible electroporation). To evaluate the bystander effect, the medium was taken from directly treated cells after 24 h incubation and applied on unaffected cells. Six days after the treatment, cell viability and colony sizes were evaluated using the cell colony formation assay. The results showed that the bystander effect after bleomycin electrotransfer had a strong negative impact on cell viability and cell colony size, which decreased to 2.8% and 23.1%, respectively. On the contrary, irreversible electroporation induced a strong positive bystander effect on cell viability, which increased to 149.3%. In conclusion, the results presented may serve as a platform for further analysis of the bystander effect after electroporation-based therapies and may ultimately lead to refined application of these therapies in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulius Ruzgys
- Biophysical Research Group, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos st. 844404, LT-44001 Kaunas, Lithuania; (P.R.); (N.B.)
| | - Neringa Barauskaitė
- Biophysical Research Group, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos st. 844404, LT-44001 Kaunas, Lithuania; (P.R.); (N.B.)
| | - Vitalij Novickij
- Institute of High Magnetic Fields, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Naugarduko st. 4103227, LT-10224 Vilnius, Lithuania; (V.N.); (J.N.)
| | - Jurij Novickij
- Institute of High Magnetic Fields, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Naugarduko st. 4103227, LT-10224 Vilnius, Lithuania; (V.N.); (J.N.)
| | - Saulius Šatkauskas
- Biophysical Research Group, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos st. 844404, LT-44001 Kaunas, Lithuania; (P.R.); (N.B.)
- Correspondence:
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38
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Alkış ME, Turan N, Alan Y, Irtegun Kandemir S, Buldurun K. Effects of electroporation on anticancer activity of 5-FU and newly synthesized zinc(II) complex in chemotherapy-resistance human brain tumor cells. Med Oncol 2021; 38:129. [PMID: 34550481 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01579-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Zn(II) complex of Schiff base derived from the condensation of 4-aminopyrimidine-2(1H)-one with salicylaldehyde was prepared and characterized by various physico-chemical and spectral methods for structure determination. The cytotoxic activity of the Zn(II) complex was investigated in comparison with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) against two different human brain tumor cell lines (T98G and U118), while primer human dermal fibroblast cells (HDF) was used as control for biocompatibility. Then, the effectiveness of electroporation (EP) on cytotoxic activities of these compounds has been examined. The cytotoxicities of the 5-FU and new Zn(II) complex, alone or in combination with electroporation, were determined by MTT assay. The Zn(II) complex showed good cytotoxicity against T98G and U118 brain tumor cell lines with IC50 = 282.47 and 297.91 μM respectively, while it was safe on HDF healthy cells with IC50 = 826.72 μM. The 5-FU exhibited less cytotoxicity compared to the Zn(II) complex against T98G (IC50 = 382.35 μM) and U118 (IC50 = 396.56 μM) tumor cell lines. The combined application of Zn (II) + EP decreased the IC50 value by 5.96-fold in T98G cells and 4.76-fold in U118 cells. EP showed a similar effect in its combined application with 5-FU, resulting in a decrease of the IC50 value of 4.22-fold in the T98G cells and 3.84-fold in the U118 cells. In a conclusion, the Zn(II) complex exhibited an anticancer potential against both brain tumor cell lines (T98G and U118) and EP greatly increased the cytotoxicity of Zn(II) complex and 5-FU on these chemotherapy-resistant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Eşref Alkış
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Health Sciences, Muş Alparslan University, 49250, Muş, Turkey.
| | - Nevin Turan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Muş Alparslan University, 49250, Muş, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Alan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Muş Alparslan University, 49250, Muş, Turkey
| | - Sevgi Irtegun Kandemir
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, 21280, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Kenan Buldurun
- Department of Food Processing, Technical Science Vocational School, Muş Alparslan University, 49250, Muş, Turkey
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A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Prospective Study to Assess Efficacy of Laparoscopic Electrochemotherapy in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10174011. [PMID: 34501459 PMCID: PMC8432461 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10174011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Eighty percent of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma present a locally advanced or metastatic disease at diagnosis and are not eligible for surgery if not with palliative intent. In cases of locally advanced disease (LAPC), the combination of chemo and radiotherapy is the only therapeutic option and correlates with a median survival of 15 months (10 months without treatment), with partial remission of disease in 50% of cases. The feasibility and safety of Electrochemotherapy (ECT) have been demonstrated in the treatment of deep tumors. Aim: The aim of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of electrochemotherapy (ECT) followed by conventional systemic treatment compared to the only conventional systemic treatment in LAPC in terms of objective response and overall survival. Patients and Methods: This study is a phase IIb prospective multicenter randomized controlled trial with two arms. The study will include 90 patients: 45 in the control group and 45 in the experimental group. Patients with LAPC in the control arm will receive conventional chemotherapy (FOLFOXIRI). Patients with LAPC in the experimental arm will be subjected to Electrochemotherapy and subsequently to FOLFOXIRI. The objective response at 30, 90, and 180 days from treatment will be based on the computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MR), and positron emission tomography/CT response (PET/CT). The objective long-term treatment response will be evaluated with the modified response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (m-RECIST) criteria, which will take into account the difference in vascularization, determined by the images obtained by CT and MR of the tumor treated before and after ECT. Conclusions: Not resectable liver metastasis, pancreatic tumors, and locally advanced renal carcinomas can be treated with laparoscopic electrodes. ECT could represent an effective therapeutic option for patients not eligible for surgery susceptible to be managed only with palliative therapies.
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Electrochemotherapy of Deep-Seated Tumors: State of Art and Perspectives as Possible "EPR Effect Enhancer" to Improve Cancer Nanomedicine Efficacy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174437. [PMID: 34503247 PMCID: PMC8431574 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Electroporation-based therapies (reversible electroporation, irreversible electroporation, electrochemotherapy) are used for the selective treatment of deep-seated tumors. The combination of the structural modifications of the lipid bilayer of cell membranes, due to the application of electrical pulses in the targeted tissue, with the concomitant systemic (intravenous) administration of drugs can be considered as a sort of bridge between local-regional and systemic treatments. A possible further application of these techniques can be envisaged in their use as enhancers of the so-called “enhanced permeability and retention” effect. The intratumoral uptake of drug-loaded nanocarriers concomitant with the application of electric pulses in the target tumor is a new scenario worthy of attention and can represent a potential new frontier for drug delivery in oncology. Abstract Surgical resection is the gold standard for the treatment of many kinds of tumor, but its success depends on the early diagnosis and the absence of metastases. However, many deep-seated tumors (liver, pancreas, for example) are often unresectable at the time of diagnosis. Chemotherapies and radiotherapies are a second line for cancer treatment. The “enhanced permeability and retention” (EPR) effect is believed to play a fundamental role in the passive uptake of drug-loaded nanocarriers, for example polymeric nanoparticles, in deep-seated tumors. However, criticisms of the EPR effect were recently raised, particularly in advanced human cancers: obstructed blood vessels and suppressed blood flow determine a heterogeneity of the EPR effect, with negative consequences on nanocarrier accumulation, retention, and intratumoral distribution. Therefore, to improve the nanomedicine uptake, there is a strong need for “EPR enhancers”. Electrochemotherapy represents an important tool for the treatment of deep-seated tumors, usually combined with the systemic (intravenous) administration of anticancer drugs, such as bleomycin or cisplatin. A possible new strategy, worthy of investigation, could be the use of this technique as an “EPR enhancer” of a target tumor, combined with the intratumoral administration of drug-loaded nanoparticles. This is a general overview of the rational basis for which EP could be envisaged as an “EPR enhancer” in nanomedicine.
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Jenkins EPW, Finch A, Gerigk M, Triantis IF, Watts C, Malliaras GG. Electrotherapies for Glioblastoma. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2100978. [PMID: 34292672 PMCID: PMC8456216 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Non-thermal, intermediate frequency (100-500 kHz) electrotherapies present a unique therapeutic strategy to treat malignant neoplasms. Here, pulsed electric fields (PEFs) which induce reversible or irreversible electroporation (IRE) and tumour-treating fields (TTFs) are reviewed highlighting the foundations, advances, and considerations of each method when applied to glioblastoma (GBM). Several biological aspects of GBM that contribute to treatment complexity (heterogeneity, recurrence, resistance, and blood-brain barrier(BBB)) and electrophysiological traits which are suggested to promote glioma progression are described. Particularly, the biological responses at the cellular and molecular level to specific parameters of the electrical stimuli are discussed offering ways to compare these parameters despite the lack of a universally adopted physical description. Reviewing the literature, a disconnect is found between electrotherapy techniques and how they target the biological complexities of GBM that make treatment difficult in the first place. An attempt is made to bridge the interdisciplinary gap by mapping biological characteristics to different methods of electrotherapy, suggesting important future research topics and directions in both understanding and treating GBM. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first paper that attempts an in-tandem assessment of the biological effects of different aspects of intermediate frequency electrotherapy methods, thus offering possible strategies toward GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise P. W. Jenkins
- Division of Electrical EngineeringDepartment of EngineeringUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB3 0FAUK
| | - Alina Finch
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic ScienceUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Magda Gerigk
- Division of Electrical EngineeringDepartment of EngineeringUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB3 0FAUK
| | - Iasonas F. Triantis
- Department of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringCity, University of LondonLondonEC1V 0HBUK
| | - Colin Watts
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic ScienceUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - George G. Malliaras
- Division of Electrical EngineeringDepartment of EngineeringUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB3 0FAUK
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Fonseca-Alves CE, Ferreira Ê, de Oliveira Massoco C, Strauss BE, Fávaro WJ, Durán N, Oyafuso da Cruz N, dos Santos Cunha SC, Castro JLC, Rangel MMM, Brunner CHM, Tellado M, dos Anjos DS, Fernandes SC, Barbosa de Nardi A, Biondi LR, Dagli MLZ. Current Status of Canine Melanoma Diagnosis and Therapy: Report From a Colloquium on Canine Melanoma Organized by ABROVET (Brazilian Association of Veterinary Oncology). Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:707025. [PMID: 34485435 PMCID: PMC8415562 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.707025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ênio Ferreira
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Cristina de Oliveira Massoco
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bryan Eric Strauss
- Laboratório de Vetores Virais, Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia/LIM24, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wagner José Fávaro
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Nelson Durán
- Laboratory of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Denner Santos dos Anjos
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | | | - Andrigo Barbosa de Nardi
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Lucia Zaidan Dagli
- Laboratory of Experimental and Comparative Oncology, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Condello M, D’Avack G, Vona R, Spugnini EP, Scacco L, Meschini S. Electrochemotherapy with Mitomycin C Potentiates Apoptosis Death by Inhibiting Autophagy in Squamous Carcinoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3867. [PMID: 34359775 PMCID: PMC8345561 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the chemosensitizing effect of electroporation (EP), which, using electrical pulses, permeabilizes cancer cells to drugs. The study involved two human hypopharyngeal and tongue carcinoma cell lines. The surface and intracytoplasmic expression of P-gp were evaluated by flow cytometry, demonstrating that both lines were intrinsically resistant. After establishing the optimal dose of mitomycin C (MMC) to be used, in combination with EP, we showed, by both MTT assay and optical and electron scanning microscopy, the potentiating cytotoxic effect of EP with MMC compared to single treatments. Flow cytometry showed that the cytotoxicity of EP + MMC was due to the induction of apoptosis. In addition to verifying the release of cytochrome C in EP + MMC samples, we performed an expression analysis of caspase-3, caspase-9, Akt, pAkt, HMGB1, LC3I, LC3II, p62, Beclin1, and associated proteins with both apoptotic and autophagic phenomena. Our results were confirmed by two veterinary patients in whom the EP + MMC combination was used to control margins after the resection of corneal squamous carcinoma. In conclusion, we affirmed that the effect for which EP enhances MMC treatment is due to the inhibition of the autophagic process induced by the drug in favor of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Condello
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.C.); (G.D.)
| | - Gloria D’Avack
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.C.); (G.D.)
| | - Rosa Vona
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | | | | | - Stefania Meschini
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.C.); (G.D.)
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Cucu CI, Giurcăneanu C, Popa LG, Orzan OA, Beiu C, Holban AM, Grumezescu AM, Matei BM, Popescu MN, Căruntu C, Mihai MM. Electrochemotherapy and Other Clinical Applications of Electroporation for the Targeted Therapy of Metastatic Melanoma. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14143985. [PMID: 34300902 PMCID: PMC8305146 DOI: 10.3390/ma14143985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is an effective bioelectrochemical procedure that uses controlled electrical pulses to facilitate the increase of intracellular concentration of certain substances (electropermeabilization/ reversible electroporation). ECT using antitumor drugs such as bleomycin and cisplatin is a minimally invasive targeted therapy that can be used as an alternative for oncologic patients not eligible for surgery or other standard therapies. Even though ECT is mainly applied as palliative care for metastases, it may also be used for primary tumors that are unresectable due to size and location. Skin neoplasms are the main clinical indication of ECT, the procedure reporting good curative results and high efficiency across all tumor types, including melanoma. In daily practice, there are many cases in which the patient’s quality of life can be significantly improved by a safe procedure such as ECT. Its popularity must be increased because it has a safe profile and minor local adverse reactions. The method can be used by dermatologists, oncologists, and surgeons. The aim of this paper is to review recent literature concerning electrochemotherapy and other clinical applications of electroporation for the targeted therapy of metastatic melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Ioana Cucu
- Department of Oncologic Dermatology-“Elias” Emergency University Hospital, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.I.C.); (C.G.); (O.A.O.); (C.B.); (M.M.M.)
| | - Călin Giurcăneanu
- Department of Oncologic Dermatology-“Elias” Emergency University Hospital, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.I.C.); (C.G.); (O.A.O.); (C.B.); (M.M.M.)
| | - Liliana Gabriela Popa
- Department of Oncologic Dermatology-“Elias” Emergency University Hospital, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.I.C.); (C.G.); (O.A.O.); (C.B.); (M.M.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-727-173-767
| | - Olguța Anca Orzan
- Department of Oncologic Dermatology-“Elias” Emergency University Hospital, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.I.C.); (C.G.); (O.A.O.); (C.B.); (M.M.M.)
| | - Cristina Beiu
- Department of Oncologic Dermatology-“Elias” Emergency University Hospital, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.I.C.); (C.G.); (O.A.O.); (C.B.); (M.M.M.)
| | - Alina Maria Holban
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 030018 Bucharest, Romania;
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Bogdan Mircea Matei
- Department of Biophysics and Cellular Biotechnology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Marius Nicolae Popescu
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, “Elias” Emergency University Hospital, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Constantin Căruntu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Titu Maiorescu” University, 22 Dambrovnicului, 031593 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Mara Mădălina Mihai
- Department of Oncologic Dermatology-“Elias” Emergency University Hospital, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.I.C.); (C.G.); (O.A.O.); (C.B.); (M.M.M.)
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania
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da Luz JCDS, Antunes F, Clavijo-Salomon MA, Signori E, Tessarollo NG, Strauss BE. Clinical Applications and Immunological Aspects of Electroporation-Based Therapies. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:727. [PMID: 34358144 PMCID: PMC8310106 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9070727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Reversible electropermeabilization (RE) is an ultrastructural phenomenon that transiently increases the permeability of the cell membrane upon application of electrical pulses. The technique was described in 1972 by Neumann and Rosenheck and is currently used in a variety of applications, from medicine to food processing. In oncology, RE is applied for the intracellular transport of chemotherapeutic drugs as well as the delivery of genetic material in gene therapies and vaccinations. This review summarizes the physical changes of the membrane, the particularities of bleomycin, and the immunological aspects involved in electrochemotherapy and gene electrotransfer, two important EP-based cancer therapies in human and veterinary oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Carlos dos Santos da Luz
- Viral Vector Laboratory, Cancer Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil; (J.C.d.S.d.L.); (F.A.); (N.G.T.)
| | - Fernanda Antunes
- Viral Vector Laboratory, Cancer Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil; (J.C.d.S.d.L.); (F.A.); (N.G.T.)
| | | | - Emanuela Signori
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, CNR, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Nayara Gusmão Tessarollo
- Viral Vector Laboratory, Cancer Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil; (J.C.d.S.d.L.); (F.A.); (N.G.T.)
| | - Bryan E. Strauss
- Viral Vector Laboratory, Cancer Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil; (J.C.d.S.d.L.); (F.A.); (N.G.T.)
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Malignant Skin Cancer Excision in Combined Therapy with Electro-Chemotherapy and Dermal Substitute. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 28:1718-1727. [PMID: 34063113 PMCID: PMC8161833 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28030160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common malignancy skin cancer. It is characterized by abnormal, accelerated growth of squamous cells (SCs). SCC occurs when DNA damage from exposure to ultraviolet radiation or other damaging agents trigger abnormal changes in the SCs, presenting as painless lesions on areas of high sun exposure, such as the dorsum of the hand and upper extremity. For most skin SCC, the surgical excision alone is standard practice. However, recent efforts in new treatment strategies have involved around adjuvant or concomitant electrochemotherapy (ECT). ECT is a non-thermal tumor ablation modality, safe and effective on any type of solid tumor. An 87-year-old patient affected by hand SCC with invasion of deep structures including tendons was treated with neoadjuvant intra-tumoral ECT sessions followed by a selective surgical removal and reconstruction of the substance loss with collagen dermal template (CDT). Two neoadjuvant intra-tumoral ECT procedures, at distance of 3 months, with the aim to reduce the tumor size before a selective surgery, were performed. This study shows that combined surgical selective excision with ECT and CDT is a valid technique for the extended-deep dorsal hand tumor lesions reconstruction.
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Perrone AM, Ravegnini G, Miglietta S, Argnani L, Ferioli M, De Crescenzo E, Tesei M, Di Stanislao M, Girolimetti G, Gasparre G, Porcelli AM, De Terlizzi F, Zamagni C, Morganti AG, De Iaco P. Electrochemotherapy in Vulvar Cancer and Cisplatin Combined with Electroporation. Systematic Review and In Vitro Studies. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13091993. [PMID: 33919139 PMCID: PMC8122585 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13091993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is an emerging treatment for solid tumors and an attracting research field due to its clinical results. ECT in association with bleomycin is an effective and safe treatment option in the vulvar cancer palliative setting. With regard to cisplatin (CSP)-based ECT, considering the clear evidence on its efficacy in gynecological tumors, the possibility to improve local control with CSP-based ECT is intriguing and a well-designed randomized clinical trial should be addressed to this issue. Abstract Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is an emerging treatment for solid tumors and an attractive research field due to its clinical results. This therapy represents an alternative local treatment to the standard ones and is based on the tumor-directed delivery of non-ablative electrical pulses to maximize the action of specific cytotoxic drugs such as cisplatin (CSP) and bleomycin (BLM) and to promote cancer cell death. Nowadays, ECT is mainly recommended as palliative treatment. However, it can be applied to a wide range of superficial cancers, having an impact in preventing or delaying tumor progression and therefore in improving quality of life. In addition, during the natural history of the tumor, early ECT may improve patient outcomes. Our group has extensive clinical and research experience on ECT in vulvar tumors in the palliative setting, with 70% overall response rate. So far, in most studies, ECT was based on BLM. However, the potential of CSP in this setting seems interesting due to some theoretical advantages. The purpose of this report is to: (i) compare the efficacy of CSP and BLM-based ECT through a systematic literature review; (ii) report the results of our studies on CSP-resistant squamous cell tumors cell lines and the possibility to overcome chemoresistance using ECT; (iii) discuss the future ECT role in gynecological tumors and in particular in vulvar carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Myriam Perrone
- Division of Oncologic Gynecology, IRCCS—Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.M.P.); (E.D.C.); (M.T.); (M.D.S.); (P.D.I.)
- Centro di Studio e Ricerca delle Neoplasie Ginecologiche (CSR), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (S.M.); (G.G.); (G.G.); (A.M.P.); (C.Z.); (A.G.M.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Gloria Ravegnini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Stefano Miglietta
- Centro di Studio e Ricerca delle Neoplasie Ginecologiche (CSR), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (S.M.); (G.G.); (G.G.); (A.M.P.); (C.Z.); (A.G.M.)
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Lisa Argnani
- Institute of Hematology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Martina Ferioli
- Radiation Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Eugenia De Crescenzo
- Division of Oncologic Gynecology, IRCCS—Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.M.P.); (E.D.C.); (M.T.); (M.D.S.); (P.D.I.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Tesei
- Division of Oncologic Gynecology, IRCCS—Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.M.P.); (E.D.C.); (M.T.); (M.D.S.); (P.D.I.)
- Centro di Studio e Ricerca delle Neoplasie Ginecologiche (CSR), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (S.M.); (G.G.); (G.G.); (A.M.P.); (C.Z.); (A.G.M.)
| | - Marco Di Stanislao
- Division of Oncologic Gynecology, IRCCS—Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.M.P.); (E.D.C.); (M.T.); (M.D.S.); (P.D.I.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Girolimetti
- Centro di Studio e Ricerca delle Neoplasie Ginecologiche (CSR), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (S.M.); (G.G.); (G.G.); (A.M.P.); (C.Z.); (A.G.M.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gasparre
- Centro di Studio e Ricerca delle Neoplasie Ginecologiche (CSR), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (S.M.); (G.G.); (G.G.); (A.M.P.); (C.Z.); (A.G.M.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Porcelli
- Centro di Studio e Ricerca delle Neoplasie Ginecologiche (CSR), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (S.M.); (G.G.); (G.G.); (A.M.P.); (C.Z.); (A.G.M.)
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research Life Sciences and Technologies for Health, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Zamagni
- Centro di Studio e Ricerca delle Neoplasie Ginecologiche (CSR), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (S.M.); (G.G.); (G.G.); (A.M.P.); (C.Z.); (A.G.M.)
- Oncologia Medica Addarii, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessio Giuseppe Morganti
- Centro di Studio e Ricerca delle Neoplasie Ginecologiche (CSR), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (S.M.); (G.G.); (G.G.); (A.M.P.); (C.Z.); (A.G.M.)
- Radiation Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Pierandrea De Iaco
- Division of Oncologic Gynecology, IRCCS—Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.M.P.); (E.D.C.); (M.T.); (M.D.S.); (P.D.I.)
- Centro di Studio e Ricerca delle Neoplasie Ginecologiche (CSR), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (S.M.); (G.G.); (G.G.); (A.M.P.); (C.Z.); (A.G.M.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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Advancements in cancer chemotherapy. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2020-0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Chemotherapy is in most cases a method of systemic treatment of malignant tumors with cytostatic drugs. Although modern methods such as immunotherapy or targeted therapy are used more and more often nowadays, the role of chemotherapy in oncology is still significant. It can be used as an independent treatment method or in combination with other oncological therapies. The action of chemotherapy is closely linked to the cell cycle of the tumor. Advances in technology allow the introduction of different pharmaceutical forms of the same drug. Worse prognosis of metastatic tumors justifies the need to search for new, more effective treatment methods. The main problem of chemotherapy is the occurrence of adverse events. Reducing the frequency and severity of side effects is possible primarily by changing the technique of implementation of chemotherapy administration. These principles are fulfilled by new, increasingly popular therapeutic methods, such as: Perioperative Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC), Pressurized Intraperitoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy (PIPAC) or transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). The dynamic development of knowledge concerning cytostatic drugs, including targeting the tumor cell with the form of the drug, allows us to assume that in the future this direction will increase the effectiveness and safety of anticancer therapy.
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Clinical Phase I/II Study: Local Disease Control and Survival in Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer Treated with Electrochemotherapy. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10061305. [PMID: 33810058 PMCID: PMC8005134 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10061305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective. To assess local disease control rates (LDCR) and overall survival (OS) in locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) treated with electrochemotherapy (ECT). Methods. Electrochemotherapy with bleomycin was performed in 25 LAPC patients who underwent baseline Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and/or Computed Tomography (CT) and Position Emission Tomography (PET) scans before ECT and 1 and 6 months post ECT. LDCR were assessed using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST 1.1) and Choi criteria. Needle electrodes with fixed linear (N-30-4B) or fixed hexagonal configurations (N-30-HG or I-40-HG or H-30-ST) or variable geometry (VGD1230 or VGD1240) (IGEA S.p.A., Carpi, Italy) were used to apply electric pulses. Pain evaluation was performed pre-ECT, after 1 month and after 6 months with ECT. Overall survival estimates were calculated by means of a Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results. At 1 month after ECT, 76% of patients were in partial response (PR) and 20% in stable disease (SD). Six months after ECT, 44.0% patients were still in PR and 12.0% in SD. A LDCR of 56.0% was reached six months after ECT: 13 patients treated with fixed geometry had a LDCR of 46.1%, while for the 12 patients treated with variable geometry, the LDCR was 66.7%. The overall survival median value was 11.5 months: for patients treated with fixed geometry the OS was 6 months, while for patients treated with variable geometry it was 12 months. Electrochemotherapy was well-tolerated and abdominal pain was rapidly resolved. Conclusions. Electrochemotherapy obtained good results in terms of LDCR and OS in LAPC. Multiple needle insertion in a variable geometry configuration optimized by pre-treatment planning determined an increase in LDCR and OS compared to a fixed geometry configuration.
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Łapińska Z, Dębiński M, Szewczyk A, Choromańska A, Kulbacka J, Saczko J. Electrochemotherapy with Calcium Chloride and 17β-Estradiol Modulated Viability and Apoptosis Pathway in Human Ovarian Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2020; 13:E19. [PMID: 33374223 PMCID: PMC7823502 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogens (Es) play a significant role in the carcinogenesis and progression of ovarian malignancies. Depending on the concentration, Es may have a protective or toxic effect on cells. Moreover, they can directly or indirectly affect the activity of membrane ion channels. In the presented study, we investigated in vitro the effectiveness of the ovarian cancer cells (MDAH-2774) pre-incubation with 17β-estradiol (E2; 10 µM) in the conventional chemotherapy (CT) and electrochemotherapy (ECT) with cisplatin or calcium chloride. We used three different protocols of electroporation including microseconds (µsEP) and nanoseconds (nsEP) range. The cytotoxic effect of the applied treatment was examined by the MTT assay. We used fluorescent staining and holotomographic imaging to observe morphological changes. The immunocytochemical staining evaluated the expression of the caspase-12. The electroporation process's effectiveness was analyzed by a flow cytometer using the Yo-Pro™-1 dye absorption assay. We found that pre-incubation of ovarian cancer cells with 17β-estradiol may effectively enhance the chemo- and electrochemotherapy with cisplatin and calcium chloride. At the same time, estradiol reduced the effectiveness of electroporation, which may indicate that the mechanism of increasing the effectiveness of ECT by E2 is not related to the change of cell membrane permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zofia Łapińska
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.S.); (A.C.); (J.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Michał Dębiński
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Anna Szewczyk
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.S.); (A.C.); (J.K.); (J.S.)
- Department of Animal Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroclaw, 50-328 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Choromańska
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.S.); (A.C.); (J.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.S.); (A.C.); (J.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Jolanta Saczko
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.S.); (A.C.); (J.K.); (J.S.)
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