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Guerra-Cantera S, Frago LM, Jiménez-Hernaiz M, Collado-Pérez R, Canelles S, Ros P, García-Piqueras J, Pérez-Nadador I, Barrios V, Argente J, Chowen JA. The metabolic effects of resumption of a high fat diet after weight loss are sex dependent in mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13227. [PMID: 37580448 PMCID: PMC10425431 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40514-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary restriction is a frequent strategy for weight loss, but adherence is difficult and returning to poor dietary habits can result in more weight gain than that previously lost. How weight loss due to unrestricted intake of a healthy diet affects the response to resumption of poor dietary habits is less studied. Moreover, whether this response differs between the sexes and if the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system, sex dependent and involved in metabolic control, participates is unknown. Mice received rodent chow (6% Kcal from fat) or a high-fat diet (HFD, 62% Kcal from fat) for 4 months, chow for 3 months plus 1 month of HFD, or HFD for 2 months, chow for 1 month then HFD for 1 month. Males and females gained weight on HFD and lost weight when returned to chow at different rates (p < 0.001), but weight gain after resumption of HFD intake was not affected by previous weight loss in either sex. Glucose metabolism was more affected by HFD, as well as the re-exposure to HFD after weight loss, in males. This was associated with increases in hypothalamic mRNA levels of IGF2 (p < 0.01) and IGF binding protein (IGFBP) 2 (p < 0.05), factors involved in glucose metabolism, again only in males. Likewise, IGF2 increased IGFBP2 mRNA levels only in hypothalamic astrocytes from males (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the metabolic responses to dietary changes were less severe and more delayed in females and the IGF system might be involved in some of the sex specific observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Guerra-Cantera
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura M Frago
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jiménez-Hernaiz
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Collado-Pérez
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Canelles
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Purificación Ros
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge García-Piqueras
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iris Pérez-Nadador
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Barrios
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Argente
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Julie A Chowen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
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Xu X, Qiu Y, Chen S, Wang S, Yang R, Liu B, Li Y, Deng J, Su Y, Lin Z, Gu J, Li S, Huang L, Zhou Y. Different roles of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis in non-small cell lung cancer. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:2052-2064. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220608122934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains one of the deadliest malignant diseases, with high incidence and mortality worldwide. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis, consisting of IGF-1, IGF-2, related receptors (IGF-1R, -2R), and high-affinity binding proteins (IGFBP 1–6), is associated with promoting fetal development, tissue growth, and metabolism. Emerging studies have also identified the role of the IGF axis in NSCLC, including cancer growth, invasion, and metastasis. Upregulation of IGE-1 and IGF-2, overexpression of IGF-1R, and dysregulation of downstream signaling molecules involved in the PI-3K/Akt and MAPK pathways jointly increase the risk of cancer growth and migration in NSCLC. At the genetic level, some noncoding RNAs could influence the proliferation and differentiation of tumor cells through the IGF signaling pathway. The resistance to some promising drugs might be partially attributed to the IGF axis. Therapeutic strategies targeting the IGF axis have been evaluated, and some have shown promising efficacy. In this review, we summarize the biological roles of the IGF axis in NSCLC, including the expression and prognostic significance of the related components, noncoding RNA regulation, involvement in drug resistance, and therapeutic application. This review offers comprehensive understanding of NSCLC and provides insightful ideas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongye Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanli Qiu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Simin Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuaishuai Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruifu Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baomo Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yufei Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiating Deng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Su
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziying Lin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jincui Gu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoli Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixia Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanbin Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Følling I, Wennerstrøm AB, Eide TJ, Nilsen HL. Phaeochromocytomas overexpress insulin transcript and produce insulin. Endocr Connect 2021; 10:815-824. [PMID: 34170845 PMCID: PMC8346199 DOI: 10.1530/ec-21-0269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Phaeochromocytomas are tumours originating in the medulla of the adrenal gland. They produce catecholamines, and some tumours also produce ectopic hormones. Two types of glucose imbalances occur in phaeochromocytoma patients, hyperglycaemia and hypoglycaemic attacks. Therefore, we tested whether insulin transcript (INS), insulin, and a hybrid read-through transcript between exons from insulin and insulin-like growth factor 2 (INS-IGF2) were expressed in phaeochromocytomas. METHODS We measured the expression of insulin using immunohistochemistry. The expression of INS-IGF2 was determined by qRT-PCR in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue from 20 phaeochromocytomas. The expression of INS and INS-IGF2 transcriptswas also analysed in 182 phaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas using publicly available datasets in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Database. RESULTS Of 20 phaeochromocytomas, 16 stained positive for insulin. The distribution of positive cells was mostly scattered, with some focal expression indicating clonal expansion. Nineteen tumours expressed high levels of INS and INS-IGF2 transcripts. The expression of the two transcripts corresponded closely. In the TCGA dataset, phaeochromocytoma expresses higher levels of INS and INS-IGF2 transcripts compared to the normal non-tumour adrenal glands. Thus, the expression of INS and INS-IGF2 seems to be a general phenomenon in phaeochromocytoma. CONCLUSION Most phaeochromocytomas contain cells that overexpress INS and INS-IGF2 transcripts. Most tumours also display heterogeneous expression of polypeptides immunoreactive to monoclonal anti-insulin antibodies. Clinically this may relate to both hyperglycaemia and hypoglycaemic attacks seen in patients with phaeochromocytoma as well as autocrine tumour growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivar Følling
- Department of Endocrinology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Correspondence should be addressed to I Følling:
| | - Anna B Wennerstrøm
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Tor J Eide
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hilde Loge Nilsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
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Guan B, Qi F, Tian Y. Comprehensive analysis of competing endogenous RNA network in Wilms tumor based on the TARGET database. Transl Androl Urol 2020; 9:473-484. [PMID: 32420153 PMCID: PMC7214997 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2020.01.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Wilms tumor (WT) was the most common malignant tumor of urinary system in children. With the advances in gene sequencing, research of molecular mechanism of WT tumor was gradually increasing. However, few studies have explored the influence of competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) in WT. Accordingly, we aimed to explore the mechanisms of ceRNA co-expression network in WT. Methods A total of 6 non-tumor controls and 127 WT patients’ RNA-seq data combined with clinical data was acquired from Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET) database. Differentially expressed lncRNA, miRNA and mRNA between WT tissues and normal tissues were analyzed using “edgeR” package in R software. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was utilized to construct the ceRNA co-expression network while Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) algorithm was used to extract the pivotal sub-network. Function annotation of mRNA was performed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Survival analysis was then conducted based on long-rank test and Kaplan-Meier curves using the survival package. Results By applying the “edgeR” package in R, the transcriptome expression data of 127 WT tissues with 6 normal tissues were normalized. Moreover, 146 DElncRNAs, 62 DEmiRNAs, 287 DEmRNAs of them were involved in ceRNA network after applying WGCNA. According to MCODE, we identified that the interactions between LINC002253 (lncRNA) and TRIM71 (mRNA) was mediated by hsa-mir-301a and hsa-mir-301b (miRNA). Furthermore, we detected 13 DElncRNAs which were significantly associated with the progression of WT. Conclusions We used WGCNA method to construct the WT ceRNA network for the first time. TRIM71 was identified to be the most closely related genes involved in hub sub-network by MCDOE, suggesting it might act as a new drug target and prognostic factor based on our comprehensive results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Guan
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Feng Qi
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
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Barresi V, Cosentini I, Scuderi C, Napoli S, Di Bella V, Spampinato G, Condorelli DF. Fusion Transcripts of Adjacent Genes: New Insights into the World of Human Complex Transcripts in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215252. [PMID: 31652751 PMCID: PMC6862657 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The awareness of genome complexity brought a radical approach to the study of transcriptome, opening eyes to single RNAs generated from two or more adjacent genes according to the present consensus. This kind of transcript was thought to originate only from chromosomal rearrangements, but the discovery of readthrough transcription opens the doors to a new world of fusion RNAs. In the last years many possible intergenic cis-splicing mechanisms have been proposed, unveiling the origins of transcripts that contain some exons of both the upstream and downstream genes. In some cases, alternative mechanisms, such as trans-splicing and transcriptional slippage, have been proposed. Five databases, containing validated and predicted Fusion Transcripts of Adjacent Genes (FuTAGs), are available for the scientific community. A comparative analysis revealed that two of them contain the majority of the results. A complete analysis of the more widely characterized FuTAGs is provided in this review, including their expression pattern in normal tissues and in cancer. Gene structure, intergenic splicing patterns and exon junction sequences have been determined and here reported for well-characterized FuTAGs. The available functional data and the possible roles in cancer progression are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenza Barresi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Cosentini
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Chiara Scuderi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Napoli
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Virginia Di Bella
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Giorgia Spampinato
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Daniele Filippo Condorelli
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
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Holly JMP, Biernacka K, Perks CM. The Neglected Insulin: IGF-II, a Metabolic Regulator with Implications for Diabetes, Obesity, and Cancer. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101207. [PMID: 31590432 PMCID: PMC6829378 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
When originally discovered, one of the initial observations was that, when all of the insulin peptide was depleted from serum, the vast majority of the insulin activity remained and this was due to a single additional peptide, IGF-II. The IGF-II gene is adjacent to the insulin gene, which is a result of gene duplication, but has evolved to be considerably more complicated. It was one of the first genes recognised to be imprinted and expressed in a parent-of-origin specific manner. The gene codes for IGF-II mRNA, but, in addition, also codes for antisense RNA, long non-coding RNA, and several micro RNA. Recent evidence suggests that each of these have important independent roles in metabolic regulation. It has also become clear that an alternatively spliced form of the insulin receptor may be the principle IGF-II receptor. These recent discoveries have important implications for metabolic disorders and also for cancer, for which there is renewed acknowledgement of the importance of metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff M P Holly
- Department of Translational Health Science, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Learning & Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK.
| | - Kalina Biernacka
- Department of Translational Health Science, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Learning & Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Claire M Perks
- Department of Translational Health Science, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Learning & Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
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