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Complex refractive index of freshly excised human breast tissue as a marker of disease. Lasers Med Sci 2022; 37:2597-2604. [PMID: 35301608 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-022-03524-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We report differences in the refractive index of healthy and tumorous freshly excised human breast tissue as determined from reflectance profile measurements at five wavelengths (432 nm, 532 nm, 633 nm, 964 nm, 1551 nm) in the visible and near-infrared using a standard prism-coupling refractometer. These refractive index differences, particularly in the near-infrared, can be used to distinguish fibroadenomas and cancerous growths not only from normal breast tissue but also from each other.
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Wang J, Chaney EJ, Aksamitiene E, Marjanovic M, Boppart SA. Compressive sensing for polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D: APPLIED PHYSICS 2021; 54:294005. [PMID: 38222471 PMCID: PMC10786634 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6463/abf958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
In this report, we report on the implementation of compressive sensing (CS) and sparse sampling in polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) to reduce the number of B-scans (frames consisting of an array of A-scans, where each represents a single depth profile of reflections) required for effective volumetric (3D dataset composed of an array of B-scans) PS-OCT measurements (i.e. OCT intensity, and phase retardation) reconstruction. Sparse sampling of PS-OCT is achieved through randomization of step sizes along the slow-axis of PS-OCT imaging, covering the same spatial ranges as those with equal slow-axis step sizes, but with a reduced number of B-scans. Tested on missing B-scan rates of 25%, 50% and 75%, we found CS could reconstruct reasonably good (as evidenced by a correlation coefficient >0.6) PS-OCT measurements with a maximum reduced B-scan rate of 50%, thereby accelerating and doubling the rate of volumetric PS-OCT measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Wang
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
| | - Eric J Chaney
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
| | - Edita Aksamitiene
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
| | - Marina Marjanovic
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
| | - Stephen A Boppart
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
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3
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Zhu D, Wang J, Marjanovic M, Chaney EJ, Cradock KA, Higham AM, Liu ZG, Gao Z, Boppart SA. Differentiation of breast tissue types for surgical margin assessment using machine learning and polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:3021-3036. [PMID: 34168912 PMCID: PMC8194620 DOI: 10.1364/boe.423026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We report an automated differentiation model for classifying malignant tumor, fibro-adipose, and stroma in human breast tissues based on polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT). A total of 720 PS-OCT images from 72 sites of 41 patients with H&E histology-confirmed diagnoses as the gold standard were employed in this study. The differentiation model is trained by the features extracted from both one standard OCT-based metric (i.e., intensity) and four PS-OCT-based metrics (i.e., phase difference between two channels (PD), phase retardation (PR), local phase retardation (LPR), and degree of polarization uniformity (DOPU)). Further optimized by forward searching and validated by leave-one-site-out-cross-validation (LOSOCV) method, the best feature subset was acquired with the highest overall accuracy of 93.5% for the model. Furthermore, to show the superiority of our differentiation model based on PS-OCT images over standard OCT images, the best model trained by intensity-only features (usually obtained by standard OCT systems) was also obtained with an overall accuracy of 82.9%, demonstrating the significance of the polarization information in breast tissue differentiation. The high performance of our differentiation model suggests the potential of using PS-OCT for intraoperative human breast tissue differentiation during the surgical resection of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhu
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Marina Marjanovic
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Eric J Chaney
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Kimberly A Cradock
- Department of Surgery, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Anna M Higham
- Department of Surgery, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Zheng G Liu
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Pathology, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Zhishan Gao
- School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Stephen A Boppart
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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Kansal S, Bhattacharya J, Srivastava V. Automated full-field polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography diagnostic systems for breast cancer. APPLIED OPTICS 2020; 59:7688-7693. [PMID: 32902470 DOI: 10.1364/ao.396592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Intraoperative delineation of breast cancer is a major challenge. An effective breast tissue screening technique may reduce the risk of re-excision during surgery by specifically identifying positive margins. In this study, a high-resolution automated full-field polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (FF-PS-OCT) system was developed to classify healthy and malignant human breast tissue from quantitative phase retardation information of the tissues in ex vivo. Twelve breast tissue samples [four healthy, eight malignant (cancerous)] were imaged with the FF-PS-OCT system and the different phase features were extracted from the acquired OCT images (106), based on the differences in the optical signatures of the healthy and malignant tissues. A linear support vector model classifier was trained using 75 images, with a sensitivity of 92.10% and specificity of 89.18% was achieved. Thirty-one images were used to test the model, with a sensitivity of 90.90% and specificity of 85.0% achieved.
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Wells WA, Thrall M, Sorokina A, Fine J, Krishnamurthy S, Haroon A, Rao B, Shevchuk MM, Wolfsen HC, Tearney GJ, Hariri LP. In Vivo and Ex Vivo Microscopy: Moving Toward the Integration of Optical Imaging Technologies Into Pathology Practice. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2018; 143:288-298. [PMID: 30525931 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2018-0298-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The traditional surgical pathology assessment requires tissue to be removed from the patient, then processed, sectioned, stained, and interpreted by a pathologist using a light microscope. Today, an array of alternate optical imaging technologies allow tissue to be viewed at high resolution, in real time, without the need for processing, fixation, freezing, or staining. Optical imaging can be done in living patients without tissue removal, termed in vivo microscopy, or also in freshly excised tissue, termed ex vivo microscopy. Both in vivo and ex vivo microscopy have tremendous potential for clinical impact in a wide variety of applications. However, in order for these technologies to enter mainstream clinical care, an expert will be required to assess and interpret the imaging data. The optical images generated from these imaging techniques are often similar to the light microscopic images that pathologists already have expertise in interpreting. Other clinical specialists do not have this same expertise in microscopy, therefore, pathologists are a logical choice to step into the developing role of microscopic imaging expert. Here, we review the emerging technologies of in vivo and ex vivo microscopy in terms of the technical aspects and potential clinical applications. We also discuss why pathologists are essential to the successful clinical adoption of such technologies and the educational resources available to help them step into this emerging role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy A Wells
- From the Department of Pathology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (Dr Wells); the Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas (Dr Thrall); the Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago (Dr Sorokina); the Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Dr Fine); the Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (Dr Krishnamurthy); the Department of Dermatology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Somerset, New Jersey (Drs Haroon and Rao); the Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York (Dr Shevchuk); the Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida (Dr Wolfsen); and the Wellman Center for Photomedicine (Dr Tearney) and the Department of Pathology (Drs Tearney and Hariri), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Michael Thrall
- From the Department of Pathology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (Dr Wells); the Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas (Dr Thrall); the Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago (Dr Sorokina); the Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Dr Fine); the Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (Dr Krishnamurthy); the Department of Dermatology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Somerset, New Jersey (Drs Haroon and Rao); the Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York (Dr Shevchuk); the Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida (Dr Wolfsen); and the Wellman Center for Photomedicine (Dr Tearney) and the Department of Pathology (Drs Tearney and Hariri), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Anastasia Sorokina
- From the Department of Pathology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (Dr Wells); the Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas (Dr Thrall); the Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago (Dr Sorokina); the Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Dr Fine); the Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (Dr Krishnamurthy); the Department of Dermatology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Somerset, New Jersey (Drs Haroon and Rao); the Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York (Dr Shevchuk); the Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida (Dr Wolfsen); and the Wellman Center for Photomedicine (Dr Tearney) and the Department of Pathology (Drs Tearney and Hariri), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Jeffrey Fine
- From the Department of Pathology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (Dr Wells); the Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas (Dr Thrall); the Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago (Dr Sorokina); the Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Dr Fine); the Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (Dr Krishnamurthy); the Department of Dermatology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Somerset, New Jersey (Drs Haroon and Rao); the Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York (Dr Shevchuk); the Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida (Dr Wolfsen); and the Wellman Center for Photomedicine (Dr Tearney) and the Department of Pathology (Drs Tearney and Hariri), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Savitri Krishnamurthy
- From the Department of Pathology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (Dr Wells); the Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas (Dr Thrall); the Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago (Dr Sorokina); the Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Dr Fine); the Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (Dr Krishnamurthy); the Department of Dermatology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Somerset, New Jersey (Drs Haroon and Rao); the Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York (Dr Shevchuk); the Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida (Dr Wolfsen); and the Wellman Center for Photomedicine (Dr Tearney) and the Department of Pathology (Drs Tearney and Hariri), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Attiya Haroon
- From the Department of Pathology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (Dr Wells); the Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas (Dr Thrall); the Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago (Dr Sorokina); the Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Dr Fine); the Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (Dr Krishnamurthy); the Department of Dermatology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Somerset, New Jersey (Drs Haroon and Rao); the Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York (Dr Shevchuk); the Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida (Dr Wolfsen); and the Wellman Center for Photomedicine (Dr Tearney) and the Department of Pathology (Drs Tearney and Hariri), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Babar Rao
- From the Department of Pathology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (Dr Wells); the Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas (Dr Thrall); the Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago (Dr Sorokina); the Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Dr Fine); the Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (Dr Krishnamurthy); the Department of Dermatology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Somerset, New Jersey (Drs Haroon and Rao); the Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York (Dr Shevchuk); the Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida (Dr Wolfsen); and the Wellman Center for Photomedicine (Dr Tearney) and the Department of Pathology (Drs Tearney and Hariri), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Maria M Shevchuk
- From the Department of Pathology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (Dr Wells); the Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas (Dr Thrall); the Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago (Dr Sorokina); the Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Dr Fine); the Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (Dr Krishnamurthy); the Department of Dermatology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Somerset, New Jersey (Drs Haroon and Rao); the Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York (Dr Shevchuk); the Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida (Dr Wolfsen); and the Wellman Center for Photomedicine (Dr Tearney) and the Department of Pathology (Drs Tearney and Hariri), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Herbert C Wolfsen
- From the Department of Pathology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (Dr Wells); the Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas (Dr Thrall); the Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago (Dr Sorokina); the Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Dr Fine); the Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (Dr Krishnamurthy); the Department of Dermatology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Somerset, New Jersey (Drs Haroon and Rao); the Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York (Dr Shevchuk); the Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida (Dr Wolfsen); and the Wellman Center for Photomedicine (Dr Tearney) and the Department of Pathology (Drs Tearney and Hariri), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Guillermo J Tearney
- From the Department of Pathology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (Dr Wells); the Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas (Dr Thrall); the Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago (Dr Sorokina); the Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Dr Fine); the Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (Dr Krishnamurthy); the Department of Dermatology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Somerset, New Jersey (Drs Haroon and Rao); the Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York (Dr Shevchuk); the Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida (Dr Wolfsen); and the Wellman Center for Photomedicine (Dr Tearney) and the Department of Pathology (Drs Tearney and Hariri), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Lida P Hariri
- From the Department of Pathology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (Dr Wells); the Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas (Dr Thrall); the Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago (Dr Sorokina); the Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Dr Fine); the Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (Dr Krishnamurthy); the Department of Dermatology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Somerset, New Jersey (Drs Haroon and Rao); the Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York (Dr Shevchuk); the Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida (Dr Wolfsen); and the Wellman Center for Photomedicine (Dr Tearney) and the Department of Pathology (Drs Tearney and Hariri), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
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Wang J, Xu Y, Mesa KJ, South FA, Chaney EJ, Spillman DR, Barkalifa R, Marjanovic M, Carney PS, Higham AM, Liu ZG, Boppart SA. Complementary use of polarization-sensitive and standard OCT metrics for enhanced intraoperative differentiation of breast cancer. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:6519-6528. [PMID: 31065446 PMCID: PMC6490989 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.006519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We report the development and implementation of an intraoperative polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) system for enhancing breast cancer detection. A total of 3440 PS-OCT images were intraoperatively acquired from 9 human breast specimens diagnosed by H&E histology as healthy fibro-adipose tissue (n = 2), healthy stroma (n = 2), or invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC, n = 5). A standard OCT-based metric (coefficient of variation (CV)) and PS-OCT-based metrics sensitive to biological tissue from birefringence (i.e., retardation and degree of polarization uniformity (DOPU)) were derived from 398 statistically different and independent images selected by correlation coefficient analysis. We found the standard OCT-based metric and PS-OCT-based metrics were complementary for the differentiation of healthy fibro-adipose tissue, healthy stroma, and IDC. While the CV of fibro-adipose tissue was significantly higher (p<0.001) than those of either stroma or IDC, the CV difference between stroma and IDC was minimal. On the other hand, stroma was associated with significantly higher (p<0.001) retardation and significantly lower (p<0.001) DOPU as compared to IDC. By leveraging the complementary information acquired by the intraoperative PS-OCT system, healthy fibro-adipose tissue, healthy stroma, and IDC can be differentiated with an accuracy of 89.4%, demonstrating the potential of PS-OCT as an adjunct modality for enhanced intraoperative differentiation of human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Wang
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Yang Xu
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Kelly J. Mesa
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Fredrick A. South
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Eric J. Chaney
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Darold R. Spillman
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Ronit Barkalifa
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Marina Marjanovic
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - P. Scott Carney
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | - Stephen A. Boppart
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign Urbana, Illinois, USA
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7
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Yemul KS, Zysk AM, Richardson AL, Tangella KV, Jacobs LK. Interpretation of Optical Coherence Tomography Images for Breast Tissue Assessment. Surg Innov 2018; 26:50-56. [PMID: 30295149 DOI: 10.1177/1553350618803245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Initial studies have shown that optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an effective margin-evaluation tool for breast-conserving surgery, but methods for the interpretation of breast OCT images have not been directly studied. In this work, breast pathologies were assessed with a handheld OCT probe. OCT images and corresponding histology were used to develop guidelines for the identification of breast tissue features in OCT images. METHODS Mastectomy and breast-conserving surgery specimens from 26 women were imaged with a handheld OCT probe. During standard pathology specimen dissection, representative 1-cm × 1-cm tissue regions were grossly identified, assessed with OCT, inked for orientation and image-matching purposes, and processed. Histology slides corresponding to the OCT image region were digitally photographed. OCT and histology images from the same region were paired by selecting the best structural matches. RESULTS In total, 2880 OCT images were acquired from 26 breast specimens (from 26 patients) and 48 matching OCT-histology image pairs were identified. These matched image pairs illustrate tissue types including adipose tissue, dense fibrosis, fibroadipose tissue, blood vessels, regular and hyperplastic ducts and lobules, cysts, cyst, fibroadenoma, invasive ductal carcinoma, invasive lobular carcinoma, ductal carcinoma in situ, calcifications, and biopsy cavities. Differentiation between pathologies was achieved by considering feature boundaries, interior appearance, posterior shadowing or enhancement, and overall morphologic patterns. CONCLUSIONS This is the first work to systematically catalog the critical features of breast OCT images. The results indicate that OCT can be used to identify and distinguish between benign and malignant features in human breast tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam M Zysk
- 1 Diagnostic Photonics, Inc, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andrea L Richardson
- 2 Sibley Memorial Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.,3 Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Krishnarao V Tangella
- 4 Christie Clinic, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
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8
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Intraoperative optical coherence tomography of the human thyroid: Feasibility for surgical assessment. Transl Res 2018; 195:13-24. [PMID: 29287166 PMCID: PMC5899010 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid nodules assessed with ultrasound and fine-needle aspiration biopsy are diagnosed as "suspicious" or "indeterminate" in 15%-20% of the cases. Typically, total thyroidectomy is performed in such cases; however, only 25%-50% are found to be cancerous upon final histopathologic analysis. Here we demonstrate optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging of the human thyroid as a potential intraoperative imaging tool for providing tissue assessment in real time during surgical procedures. Fresh excised tissue specimens from 28 patients undergoing thyroid surgery were imaged in the laboratory using a benchtop OCT system. Three-dimensional OCT images showed different microstructural features in normal, benign, and malignant thyroid tissues. A similar portable OCT system was then designed and constructed for use in the operating room, and intraoperative imaging of excised thyroid tissue from 6 patients was performed during the surgical procedure. The results demonstrate the potential of OCT to provide real-time imaging guidance during thyroid surgeries.
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9
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Wang J, Xu Y, Boppart SA. Review of optical coherence tomography in oncology. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:1-23. [PMID: 29274145 PMCID: PMC5741100 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.12.121711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The application of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the field of oncology has been prospering over the past decade. OCT imaging has been used to image a broad spectrum of malignancies, including those arising in the breast, brain, bladder, the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and reproductive tracts, the skin, and oral cavity, among others. OCT imaging has initially been applied for guiding biopsies, for intraoperatively evaluating tumor margins and lymph nodes, and for the early detection of small lesions that would often not be visible on gross examination, tasks that align well with the clinical emphasis on early detection and intervention. Recently, OCT imaging has been explored for imaging tumor cells and their dynamics, and for the monitoring of tumor responses to treatments. This paper reviews the evolution of OCT technologies for the clinical application of OCT in surgical and noninvasive interventional oncology procedures and concludes with a discussion of the future directions for OCT technologies, with particular emphasis on their applications in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Wang
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Yang Xu
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Stephen A. Boppart
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Department of Bioengineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Carle–Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Stephen A. Boppart, E-mail:
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Monroy GL, Won J, Spillman DR, Dsouza R, Boppart SA. Clinical translation of handheld optical coherence tomography: practical considerations and recent advancements. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:1-30. [PMID: 29260539 PMCID: PMC5735247 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.12.121715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Since the inception of optical coherence tomography (OCT), advancements in imaging system design and handheld probes have allowed for numerous advancements in disease diagnostics and characterization of the structural and optical properties of tissue. OCT system developers continue to reduce form factor and cost, while improving imaging performance (speed, resolution, etc.) and flexibility for applicability in a broad range of fields, and nearly every clinical specialty. An extensive array of components to construct customized systems has also become available, with a range of commercial entities that produce high-quality products, from single components to full systems, for clinical and research use. Many advancements in the development of these miniaturized and portable systems can be linked back to a specific challenge in academic research, or a clinical need in medicine or surgery. Handheld OCT systems are discussed and explored for various applications. Handheld systems are discussed in terms of their relative level of portability and form factor, with mention of the supporting technologies and surrounding ecosystem that bolstered their development. Additional insight from our efforts to implement systems in several clinical environments is provided. The trend toward well-designed, efficient, and compact handheld systems paves the way for more widespread adoption of OCT into point-of-care or point-of-procedure applications in both clinical and commercial settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo L. Monroy
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Bioengineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Jungeun Won
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Bioengineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Darold R. Spillman
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Roshan Dsouza
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Stephen A. Boppart
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Bioengineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- Carle-Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Stephen A. Boppart, E-mail:
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11
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Yao X, Gan Y, Chang E, Hibshoosh H, Feldman S, Hendon C. Visualization and tissue classification of human breast cancer images using ultrahigh-resolution OCT. Lasers Surg Med 2017; 49:258-269. [PMID: 28264146 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers, and recognized as the third leading cause of mortality in women. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) enables three dimensional visualization of biological tissue with micrometer level resolution at high speed, and can play an important role in early diagnosis and treatment guidance of breast cancer. In particular, ultra-high resolution (UHR) OCT provides images with better histological correlation. This paper compared UHR OCT performance with standard OCT in breast cancer imaging qualitatively and quantitatively. Automatic tissue classification algorithms were used to automatically detect invasive ductal carcinoma in ex vivo human breast tissue. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS Human breast tissues, including non-neoplastic/normal tissues from breast reduction and tumor samples from mastectomy specimens, were excised from patients at Columbia University Medical Center. The tissue specimens were imaged by two spectral domain OCT systems at different wavelengths: a home-built ultra-high resolution (UHR) OCT system at 800 nm (measured as 2.72 μm axial and 5.52 μm lateral) and a commercial OCT system at 1,300 nm with standard resolution (measured as 6.5 μm axial and 15 μm lateral), and their imaging performances were analyzed qualitatively. Using regional features derived from OCT images produced by the two systems, we developed an automated classification algorithm based on relevance vector machine (RVM) to differentiate hollow-structured adipose tissue against solid tissue. We further developed B-scan based features for RVM to classify invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) against normal fibrous stroma tissue among OCT datasets produced by the two systems. For adipose classification, 32 UHR OCT B-scans from 9 normal specimens, and 28 standard OCT B-scans from 6 normal and 4 IDC specimens were employed. For IDC classification, 152 UHR OCT B-scans from 6 normal and 13 IDC specimens, and 104 standard OCT B-scans from 5 normal and 8 IDC specimens were employed. RESULTS We have demonstrated that UHR OCT images can produce images with better feature delineation compared with images produced by 1,300 nm OCT system. UHR OCT images of a variety of tissue types found in human breast tissue were presented. With a limited number of datasets, we showed that both OCT systems can achieve a good accuracy in identifying adipose tissue. Classification in UHR OCT images achieved higher sensitivity (94%) and specificity (93%) of adipose tissue than the sensitivity (91%) and specificity (76%) in 1,300 nm OCT images. In IDC classification, similarly, we achieved better results with UHR OCT images, featured an overall accuracy of 84%, sensitivity of 89% and specificity of 71% in this preliminary study. CONCLUSION In this study, we provided UHR OCT images of different normal and malignant breast tissue types, and qualitatively and quantitatively studied the texture and optical features from OCT images of human breast tissue at different resolutions. We developed an automated approach to differentiate adipose tissue, fibrous stroma, and IDC within human breast tissues. Our work may open the door toward automatic intraoperative OCT evaluation of early-stage breast cancer. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:258-269, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwen Yao
- Departmentof Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10027
| | - Yu Gan
- Departmentof Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10027
| | - Ernest Chang
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, 10027
| | - Hanina Hibshoosh
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, 10027
| | - Sheldon Feldman
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, 10027
| | - Christine Hendon
- Departmentof Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10027
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Carrasco-Zevallos OM, Viehland C, Keller B, Draelos M, Kuo AN, Toth CA, Izatt JA. Review of intraoperative optical coherence tomography: technology and applications [Invited]. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:1607-1637. [PMID: 28663853 PMCID: PMC5480568 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.001607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
During microsurgery, en face imaging of the surgical field through the operating microscope limits the surgeon's depth perception and visualization of instruments and sub-surface anatomy. Surgical procedures outside microsurgery, such as breast tumor resections, may also benefit from visualization of the sub-surface tissue structures. The widespread clinical adoption of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in ophthalmology and its growing prominence in other fields, such as cancer imaging, has motivated the development of intraoperative OCT for real-time tomographic visualization of surgical interventions. This article reviews key technological developments in intraoperative OCT and their applications in human surgery. We focus on handheld OCT probes, microscope-integrated OCT systems, and OCT-guided laser treatment platforms designed for intraoperative use. Moreover, we discuss intraoperative OCT adjuncts and processing techniques currently under development to optimize the surgical feedback derivable from OCT data. Lastly, we survey salient clinical studies of intraoperative OCT for human surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Viehland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Brenton Keller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Mark Draelos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Anthony N. Kuo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, NC 27710, USA
| | - Cynthia A. Toth
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, NC 27710, USA
| | - Joseph A. Izatt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, NC 27710, USA
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13
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Nolan RM, Adie SG, Marjanovic M, Chaney EJ, South FA, Monroy GL, Shemonski ND, Erickson-Bhatt SJ, Shelton RL, Bower AJ, Simpson DG, Cradock KA, Liu ZG, Ray PS, Boppart SA. Intraoperative optical coherence tomography for assessing human lymph nodes for metastatic cancer. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:144. [PMID: 26907742 PMCID: PMC4763478 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2194-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evaluation of lymph node (LN) status is an important factor for detecting metastasis and thereby staging breast cancer. Currently utilized clinical techniques involve the surgical disruption and resection of lymphatic structure, whether nodes or axillary contents, for histological examination. While reasonably effective at detection of macrometastasis, the majority of the resected lymph nodes are histologically negative. Improvements need to be made to better detect micrometastasis, minimize or eliminate lymphatic disruption complications, and provide immediate and accurate intraoperative feedback for in vivo cancer staging to better guide surgery. Methods We evaluated the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT), a high-resolution, real-time, label-free imaging modality for the intraoperative assessment of human LNs for metastatic disease in patients with breast cancer. We assessed the sensitivity and specificity of double-blinded trained readers who analyzed intraoperative OCT LN images for presence of metastatic disease, using co-registered post-operative histopathology as the gold standard. Results Our results suggest that intraoperative OCT examination of LNs is an appropriate real-time, label-free, non-destructive alternative to frozen-section analysis, potentially offering faster interpretation and results to empower superior intraoperative decision-making. Conclusions Intraoperative OCT has strong potential to supplement current post-operative histopathology with real-time in situ assessment of LNs to preserve both non-cancerous nodes and their lymphatic vessels, and thus reduce the associated risks and complications from surgical disruption of lymphoid structures following biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Nolan
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), 405 N. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. .,PhotoniCare, Inc., Champaign, IL, USA.
| | - Steven G Adie
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), 405 N. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - Marina Marjanovic
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), 405 N. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - Eric J Chaney
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), 405 N. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - Fredrick A South
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), 405 N. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. .,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, UIUC, Illinois, USA.
| | - Guillermo L Monroy
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), 405 N. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. .,Department of Bioengineering, UIUC, Illinois, USA.
| | - Nathan D Shemonski
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), 405 N. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. .,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, UIUC, Illinois, USA. .,Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc., Dublin, CA, USA.
| | - Sarah J Erickson-Bhatt
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), 405 N. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - Ryan L Shelton
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), 405 N. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. .,PhotoniCare, Inc., Champaign, IL, USA.
| | - Andrew J Bower
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), 405 N. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. .,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, UIUC, Illinois, USA.
| | - Douglas G Simpson
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), 405 N. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. .,Department of Statistics, UIUC, Illinois, USA.
| | | | | | - Partha S Ray
- Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, USA. .,Department of Surgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Urbana-Champaign and Carle Cancer Center, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | - Stephen A Boppart
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), 405 N. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. .,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, UIUC, Illinois, USA. .,Department of Bioengineering, UIUC, Illinois, USA. .,Department of Internal Medicine, UIUC, Illinois, USA.
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14
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Li C, Lin X, Hui C, Lam KM, Zhang S. Computer-Aided Diagnosis for Distinguishing Pancreatic Mucinous Cystic Neoplasms From Serous Oligocystic Adenomas in Spectral CT Images. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2014; 15:44-54. [PMID: 25520271 DOI: 10.1177/1533034614563013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This preliminary study aims to verify the effectiveness of the additional information provided by spectral computed tomography (CT) with the proposed computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) scheme to differentiate pancreatic serous oligocystic adenomas (SOAs) from mucinous cystic neoplasms of pancreas cystic lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was conducted from January 2010 to October 2013. Twenty-three patients (5 men and 18 women; mean age, 43.96 years old) with SOA and 19 patients (3 men and 16 women; mean age, 41.74 years old) with MCN were included in this retrospective study. Two types of features were collected by dual-energy spectral CT imaging as follows: conventional and additional quantitative spectral CT features. Classification results of the CAD scheme were compared using the conventional features and full feature data set. Important features were selected using support vector machine classification method combined with feature-selection technique. The optimal cutoff values of selected features were determined through receiver-operating characteristic curve analyses. RESULTS Combining conventional features with additional spectral CT features improved the overall accuracy from 88.37% to 93.02%. The selected features of the proposed CAD scheme were tumor size, contour, location, and low-energy CT values (43 keV). Iodine-water basis material pair densities in both arterial phase (AP) and portal venous phase (PP) were important factors for differential diagnosis of SOA and MCN. The optimal cutoff values of long axis, short axis, 40 keV monochromatic CT value in AP, iodine (water) density in AP, 43 keV monochromatic CT value in PP, and iodine (water) density in PP were 3.4 mm, 3.1 mm, 35.7 Hu, 0.32533 mg/mL, 39.4 Hu, and 0.348 mg/mL, respectively. CONCLUSION The combination of conventional features and additional information provided by dual-energy spectral CT shows a high accuracy in the CAD scheme. The quantitative information of spectral CT may prove useful in the diagnosis and classification of SOAs and MCNs with machine learning algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaozhu Lin
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Hui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kin Man Lam
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Centre for Signal Processing, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Su Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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15
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South FA, Chaney EJ, Marjanovic M, Adie SG, Boppart SA. Differentiation of ex vivo human breast tissue using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 5:3417-26. [PMID: 25360360 PMCID: PMC4206312 DOI: 10.1364/boe.5.003417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Successful treatment of breast cancer typically requires surgical removal of the tumor. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been previously developed for real-time imaging of the surgical margin. However, it can be difficult to distinguish between normal stromal tissue and cancer tissue based on scattering intensity and structure alone. Polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) is sensitive to form birefringence of biological tissue. We report on the development of a high-speed PS-OCT system and imaging of ex vivo human breast tissue, showing enhanced contrast between healthy and cancerous tissues based upon collagen content confirmed with corresponding histology. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using PS-OCT to supplement structural OCT as a possible method for intraoperative tumor margin evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrick A. South
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, 405 N Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 306 N Wright Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Eric J. Chaney
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, 405 N Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Marina Marjanovic
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, 405 N Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Steven G. Adie
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, 405 N Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Stephen A. Boppart
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, 405 N Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 306 N Wright Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, 1304 W Springfield Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, 506 S Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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16
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Chang EW, Gardecki J, Pitman M, Wilsterman EJ, Patel A, Tearney GJ, Iftimia N. Low coherence interferometry approach for aiding fine needle aspiration biopsies. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2014; 19:116005. [PMID: 25375634 PMCID: PMC4222708 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.11.116005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We present portable preclinical low-coherence interference (LCI) instrumentation for aiding fine needle aspiration biopsies featuring the second-generation LCI-based biopsy probe and an improved scoring algorithm for tissue differentiation. Our instrument and algorithm were tested on 38 mice with cultured tumor mass and we show the specificity, sensitivity, and positive predictive value of tumor detection of over 0.89, 0.88, and 0.96, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest W. Chang
- Physical Sciences, Inc., 20 New England Business Ctr. Drive, Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
| | - Joseph Gardecki
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 40 Blossom, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Martha Pitman
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Pathology, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Eric J. Wilsterman
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 40 Blossom, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Ankit Patel
- Physical Sciences, Inc., 20 New England Business Ctr. Drive, Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
| | - Guillermo J. Tearney
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 40 Blossom, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Nicusor Iftimia
- Physical Sciences, Inc., 20 New England Business Ctr. Drive, Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Nicusor Iftimia, E-mail:
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Scolaro L, McLaughlin RA, Kennedy BF, Saunders CM, Sampson DD. A review of optical coherence tomography in breast cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1515/plm-2014-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractOptical coherence tomography (OCT) is a medical imaging modality that opens up new opportunities for imaging in breast cancer. It provides two- and three-dimensional micro-scale images of tissue structure from bulk tissue,
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Longitudinal study of mammary epithelial and fibroblast co-cultures using optical coherence tomography reveals morphological hallmarks of pre-malignancy. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49148. [PMID: 23152864 PMCID: PMC3495770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The human mammary gland is a complex and heterogeneous organ, where the interactions between mammary epithelial cells (MEC) and stromal fibroblasts are known to regulate normal biology and tumorigenesis. We aimed to longitudinally evaluate morphology and size of organoids in 3D co-cultures of normal (MCF10A) or pre-malignant (MCF10DCIS.com) MEC and hTERT-immortalized fibroblasts from reduction mammoplasty (RMF). This co-culture model, based on an isogenic panel of cell lines, can yield insights to understand breast cancer progression. However, 3D cultures pose challenges for quantitative assessment and imaging, especially when the goal is to measure the same organoid structures over time. Using optical coherence tomography (OCT) as a non-invasive method to longitudinally quantify morphological changes, we found that OCT provides excellent visualization of MEC-fibroblast co-cultures as they form ductal acini and remodel over time. Different concentrations of fibroblasts and MEC reflecting reported physiological ratios [1] were evaluated, and we found that larger, hollower, and more aspherical acini were formed only by pre-malignant MEC (MCF10DCIS.com) in the presence of fibroblasts, whereas in comparable conditions, normal MEC (MCF10A) acini remained smaller and less aspherical. The ratio of fibroblast to MEC was also influential in determining organoid phenotypes, with higher concentrations of fibroblasts producing more aspherical structures in MCF10DCIS.com. These findings suggest that stromal-epithelial interactions between fibroblasts and MEC can be modeled in vitro, with OCT imaging as a convenient means of assaying time dependent changes, with the potential for yielding important biological insights about the differences between benign and pre-malignant cells.
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John R, Adie SG, Chaney EJ, Marjanovic M, Tangella KV, Boppart SA. Three-dimensional optical coherence tomography for optical biopsy of lymph nodes and assessment of metastatic disease. Ann Surg Oncol 2012; 20:3685-93. [PMID: 22688663 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-012-2434-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous techniques have been developed for localizing lymph nodes before surgical resection and for their histological assessment. Nondestructive high-resolution transcapsule optical imaging of lymph nodes offers the potential for in situ assessment of metastatic involvement, potentially during surgical procedures. METHODS Three-dimensional optical coherence tomography (3-D OCT) was used for imaging and assessing resected popliteal lymph nodes from a preclinical rat metastatic tumor model over a 9-day time-course study after tumor induction. The spectral-domain OCT system utilized a center wavelength of 800 nm, provided axial and transverse resolutions of 3 and 12 μm, respectively, and performed imaging at 10,000 axial scans per second. RESULTS OCT is capable of providing high-resolution label-free images of intact lymph node microstructure based on intrinsic optical scattering properties with penetration depths of ~1-2 mm. The results demonstrate that OCT is capable of differentiating normal, reactive, and metastatic lymph nodes based on microstructural changes. The optical scattering and structural changes revealed by OCT from day 3 to day 9 after the injection of tumor cells into the lymphatic system correlate with inflammatory and immunological changes observed in the capsule, precortical regions, follicles, and germination centers found during histopathology. CONCLUSIONS We report for the first time a longitudinal study of 3-D transcapsule OCT imaging of intact lymph nodes demonstrating microstructural changes during metastatic infiltration. These results demonstrate the potential of OCT as a technique for intraoperative, real-time in situ 3-D optical biopsy of lymph nodes for the intraoperative staging of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu John
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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Kuo WC, Kim J, Shemonski ND, Chaney EJ, Spillman DR, Boppart SA. Real-time three-dimensional optical coherence tomography image-guided core-needle biopsy system. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 3:1149-61. [PMID: 22741064 PMCID: PMC3370958 DOI: 10.1364/boe.3.001149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Advances in optical imaging modalities, such as optical coherence tomography (OCT), enable us to observe tissue microstructure at high resolution and in real time. Currently, core-needle biopsies are guided by external imaging modalities such as ultrasound imaging and x-ray computed tomography (CT) for breast and lung masses, respectively. These image-guided procedures are frequently limited by spatial resolution when using ultrasound imaging, or by temporal resolution (rapid real-time feedback capabilities) when using x-ray CT. One feasible approach is to perform OCT within small gauge needles to optically image tissue microstructure. However, to date, no system or core-needle device has been developed that incorporates both three-dimensional OCT imaging and tissue biopsy within the same needle for true OCT-guided core-needle biopsy. We have developed and demonstrate an integrated core-needle biopsy system that utilizes catheter-based 3-D OCT for real-time image-guidance for target tissue localization, imaging of tissue immediately prior to physical biopsy, and subsequent OCT imaging of the biopsied specimen for immediate assessment at the point-of-care. OCT images of biopsied ex vivo tumor specimens acquired during core-needle placement are correlated with corresponding histology, and computational visualization of arbitrary planes within the 3-D OCT volumes enables feedback on specimen tissue type and biopsy quality. These results demonstrate the potential for using real-time 3-D OCT for needle biopsy guidance by imaging within the needle and tissue during biopsy procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Cheng Kuo
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, 106 Taiwan
| | - Jongsik Kim
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Nathan D. Shemonski
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Eric J. Chaney
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Darold R. Spillman
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Stephen A. Boppart
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Departments of Bioengineering and Internal Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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21
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Chowdary PD, Jiang Z, Chaney EJ, Benalcazar WA, Marks DL, Gruebele M, Boppart SA. Molecular histopathology by spectrally reconstructed nonlinear interferometric vibrational imaging. Cancer Res 2010; 70:9562-9. [PMID: 21098699 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-1554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sensitive assays for rapid quantitative analysis of histologic sections, resected tissue specimens, or in situ tissue are highly desired for early disease diagnosis. Stained histopathology is the gold standard but remains a subjective practice on processed tissue taking from hours to days. We describe a microscopy technique that obtains a sensitive and accurate color-coded image from intrinsic molecular markers. Spectrally reconstructed nonlinear interferometric vibrational imaging can differentiate cancer versus normal tissue sections with greater than 99% confidence interval in a preclinical rat breast cancer model and define cancer boundaries to ± 100 μm with greater than 99% confidence interval, using fresh unstained tissue sections imaged in less than 5 minutes. By optimizing optical sources and beam delivery, this technique can potentially enable real-time point-of-care optical molecular imaging and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen D Chowdary
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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22
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Ahmad A, Adie SG, Wang M, Boppart SA. Sonification of optical coherence tomography data and images. OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 18:9934-44. [PMID: 20588846 PMCID: PMC3308194 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.009934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Revised: 04/20/2010] [Accepted: 04/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Sonification is the process of representing data as non-speech audio signals. In this manuscript, we describe the auditory presentation of OCT data and images. OCT acquisition rates frequently exceed our ability to visually analyze image-based data, and multi-sensory input may therefore facilitate rapid interpretation. This conversion will be especially valuable in time-sensitive surgical or diagnostic procedures. In these scenarios, auditory feedback can complement visual data without requiring the surgeon to constantly monitor the screen, or provide additional feedback in non-imaging procedures such as guided needle biopsies which use only axial-scan data. In this paper we present techniques to translate OCT data and images into sound based on the spatial and spatial frequency properties of the OCT data. Results obtained from parameter-mapped sonification of human adipose and tumor tissues are presented, indicating that audio feedback of OCT data may be useful for the interpretation of OCT images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeel Ahmad
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Biophotonics Imaging Laboratory, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, 405 N. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801,
USA
| | - Steven G. Adie
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Biophotonics Imaging Laboratory, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, 405 N. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801,
USA
| | - Morgan Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Biophotonics Imaging Laboratory, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, 405 N. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801,
USA
| | - Stephen A. Boppart
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Biophotonics Imaging Laboratory, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, 405 N. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801,
USA
- Departments of Bioengineering and Internal Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Biophotonics Imaging Laboratory, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, 405 N. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801,
USA
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