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Stepanova E, Thompson A, Yu G, Fu Y. Changes in mental health services in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in high-income countries: a rapid review. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:103. [PMID: 38321403 PMCID: PMC10845680 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05497-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe deterioration in mental health and disrupted care provision during the COVID-19 increased unmet needs for mental health. This review aimed to identify changes in mental health services for patients in response to the pandemic and understand the impact of the changes on patients and providers. METHODS Following the Cochrane guidance for rapid reviews, Cochrane CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase and PsycInfo were searched for empirical studies that investigated models of care, services, initiatives or programmes developed/evolved for patients receiving mental health care during COVID-19, published in English and undertaken in high-income countries. Thematic analysis was conducted to describe the changes and an effect direction plot was used to show impact on outcomes. RESULTS 33 of 6969 records identified were included reporting on patients' experiences (n = 24), care providers' experiences (n = 7) and mixed of both (n = 2). Changes reported included technology-based care delivery, accessibility, flexibility, remote diagnostics and evaluation, privacy, safety and operating hours of service provision. These changes had impacts on: (1) care access; (2) satisfaction with telehealth; (3) comparability of telehealth with face-to-face care; (4) treatment effectiveness; (5) continuity of care; (6) relationships between patients and care providers; (7) remote detection and diagnostics in patients; (8) privacy; (9) treatment length and (10) work-life balance. CONCLUSIONS A shift to telecommunication technologies had a significant impact on patients and care providers' experiences of mental health care. Improvements to care access, flexibility, remote forms of care delivery and lengths of operating service hours emerged as crucial changes, which supported accessibility to mental health services, increased attendance and reduced dropouts from care. The relationships between patients and care providers were influenced by service changes and were vastly depending on technological literacy and context of patients and availability and care access ranging from regular contact to a loss of in-person contact. The review also identified an increase in care inequality and a feeling of being disconnected among marginalised groups including homeless people, veterans and ethic minority groups. Telehealth in mental care could be a viable alternative to face-to-face service delivery with effective treatment outcomes. Further research is needed to better understand the impact of the changes identified particularly on underserved populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia Stepanova
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK.
| | - Alex Thompson
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Ge Yu
- Health Services and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, King's Health Economics, King's College London, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Primary Care and Mental Health, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Verbist IL, Fabian H, Huey D, Brooks H, Lovell K, Blakemore A. Exploring access and engagement with Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) services, before, during, and after the COVID-19 lockdown: A service evaluation in the Northwest of England. Psychother Res 2024; 34:216-227. [PMID: 36878217 DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2023.2184285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare clients' prevalence and explore the characteristics that predicted access and engagement with IAPT treatment before, during, and after Lockdown. We conducted a retrospective observational service evaluation, using routinely collected IAPT data from n = 13,019 clients who entered treatment between March and September in 2019, 2020, and 2021. Chi-square and multiple logistic regression were used to explore associations and potential predictors of access and engagement with IAPT treatment. The number of people accessing and engaging with IAPT treatment was significantly higher after lockdown compared to before. Unemployed clients were less likely to access treatment during and after lockdown. Yet, perinatal clients and people from a black ethnic background were more likely to access treatment during lockdown. Being young and being unemployed were predictors of treatment disengagement across all three time points, whereas perinatal clients were less likely to engage only before and during lockdown. Clients who were not prescribed medication and clients with a long-term condition were more likely to engage during lockdown. The demonstrated changes in access and engagement with IAPT treatment after the introduction of remote therapy urges the services to further consider the individual needs of specific client groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irini L Verbist
- Improving Access Psychological Therapies, Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Hannah Fabian
- Improving Access Psychological Therapies, Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Dale Huey
- Improving Access Psychological Therapies, Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Helen Brooks
- Mental Health Research Group, Jean McFarlane Building, Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Karina Lovell
- Improving Access Psychological Therapies, Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Mental Health Research Group, Jean McFarlane Building, Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Amy Blakemore
- Mental Health Research Group, Jean McFarlane Building, Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
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Capobianco L, Verbist I, Heal C, Huey D, Wells A. Improving access to psychological therapies: Analysis of effects associated with remote provision during COVID-19. BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 62:312-324. [PMID: 36560897 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 had an immediate impact on the way Improving Access to Psychological Therapy (IAPT) services in the United Kingdom were delivered, requiring services to move to remote therapy. While remote therapy has been shown to be effective, little is known about the effects associated with moving to remote therapy delivered during COVID-19 within IAPT services. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to assess the characteristics of those undergoing remote therapy and test the effects associated with the effect of remote delivery on anxiety and depression symptoms compared with in-person therapy before lockdown. METHODS We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional benchmark comparison of remote therapy across four IAPT services in Greater Manchester. Routinely collected measures of anxiety (GAD-7) and depression (PHQ-9) were used to compare effects across the two time periods. A mixed-effects model was conducted to assess within and between group changes in anxiety and depression, while controlling for pre-specified confounders. FINDINGS Remote therapy did not appear to impact on service provision, with the number of sessions offered and attended being similar to those prior to COVID-19. Both face-to-face (pre-COVID-19) and remote therapy (during COVID-19) were associated with variable improvements in anxiety and depression with no significant difference between them. However, remote therapy was associated with a more rapid decrease in symptoms in comparison with face-to-face treatment. Mean improvement in symptoms was small and increased as number of sessions/time increased and analysis of rates of improvement indicated that both face-to-face and remote therapy might need more time to reach target cut-off points on measures. CONCLUSIONS Both face-to-face and remote therapies delivered under IAPT were associated with improvements in symptoms with no apparent difference apart from the finding that remote therapy was associated with more rapid change. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Remote therapy delivery in IAPT does not appear to confer a disadvantage over face-to-face contact, but at a group mean level the magnitude of improvement associated with both treatments was small. Remote therapy provision may widen patient access to and engagement with psychological services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lora Capobianco
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Research and Innovation, Manchester, UK
| | - Irini Verbist
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Greater Manchester Improving Access to Psychological Therapy Services, Manchester, UK
| | - Calvin Heal
- Centre for Biostatistics, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Dale Huey
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Greater Manchester Improving Access to Psychological Therapy Services, Manchester, UK
| | - Adrian Wells
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Research and Innovation, Manchester, UK.,Center for New Treatment and Understanding in Mental Health (CeNTrUM), Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, Division of Psychology and Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Papola D, Ostuzzi G, Tedeschi F, Gastaldon C, Purgato M, Del Giovane C, Pompoli A, Pauley D, Karyotaki E, Sijbrandij M, Furukawa TA, Cuijpers P, Barbui C. CBT treatment delivery formats for panic disorder: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Psychol Med 2023; 53:614-624. [PMID: 37132646 PMCID: PMC9975966 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722003683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Several in-person and remote delivery formats of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) for panic disorder are available, but up-to-date and comprehensive evidence on their comparative efficacy and acceptability is lacking. Our aim was to evaluate the comparative efficacy and acceptability of all CBT delivery formats to treat panic disorder. To answer our question we performed a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and CENTRAL, from inception to 1st January 2022. Pairwise and network meta-analyses were conducted using a random-effects model. Confidence in the evidence was assessed using Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis (CINeMA). The protocol was published in a peer-reviewed journal and in PROSPERO. We found a total of 74 trials with 6699 participants. Evidence suggests that face-to-face group [standardised mean differences (s.m.d.) -0.47, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.87 to -0.07; CINeMA = moderate], face-to-face individual (s.m.d. -0.43, 95% CI -0.70 to -0.15; CINeMA = Moderate), and guided self-help (SMD -0.42, 95% CI -0.77 to -0.07; CINeMA = low), are superior to treatment as usual in terms of efficacy, whilst unguided self-help is not (SMD -0.21, 95% CI -0.58 to -0.16; CINeMA = low). In terms of acceptability (i.e. all-cause discontinuation from the trial) CBT delivery formats did not differ significantly from each other. Our findings are clear in that there are no efficacy differences between CBT delivered as guided self-help, or in the face-to-face individual or group format in the treatment of panic disorder. No CBT delivery format provided high confidence in the evidence at the CINeMA evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Papola
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Science, Section of Psychiatry, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health and Service Evaluation, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ostuzzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Science, Section of Psychiatry, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health and Service Evaluation, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Federico Tedeschi
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Science, Section of Psychiatry, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health and Service Evaluation, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Chiara Gastaldon
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Science, Section of Psychiatry, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health and Service Evaluation, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marianna Purgato
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Science, Section of Psychiatry, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health and Service Evaluation, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Cinzia Del Giovane
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Darin Pauley
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eirini Karyotaki
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marit Sijbrandij
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Toshi A. Furukawa
- Departments of Health Promotion and Human Behavior, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine/School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Pim Cuijpers
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Corrado Barbui
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Science, Section of Psychiatry, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health and Service Evaluation, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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