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Inhibition of Metastatic Hepatocarcinoma by Combined Chemotherapy with Silencing VEGF/VEGFR2 Genes through a GalNAc-Modified Integrated Therapeutic System. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27072082. [PMID: 35408480 PMCID: PMC9000533 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly malignant tumor related to high mortality and is still lacking a satisfactory cure. Tumor metastasis is currently a major challenge of cancer treatment, which is highly related to angiogenesis. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGFR signaling pathway is thus becoming an attractive therapeutic target. Moreover, chemotherapy combined with gene therapy shows great synergistic potential in cancer treatment with the promise of nanomaterials. In this work, a formulation containing 5-FU and siRNA against the VEGF/VEGFR signaling pathway into N-acetyl-galactosamine (GalNAc)-modified nanocarriers is established. The targeting ability, biocompatibility and pH-responsive degradation capacity ensure the efficient transport of therapeutics by the formulation of 5-FU/siRNA@GalNAc-pDMA to HCC cells. The nano-construct integrated with gene/chemotherapy exhibits significant anti-metastatic HCC activity against C5WN1 liver cancer cells with tumorigenicity and pulmonary metastasis in the C5WN1-induced tumor-bearing mouse model with a tumor inhibition rate of 96%, which is promising for future metastatic HCC treatment.
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Sui X, Zhang M, Han X, Zhang R, Chen L, Liu Y, Xiang Y, Xie T. Combination of traditional Chinese medicine and epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e20683. [PMID: 32769861 PMCID: PMC7593038 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In China, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an increasingly important part of the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which usually includes a combination of prescription and syndrome differentiation. Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) have been proven to be the first-line drugs for the treatment of advanced EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC. In China, EGFR-TKIs are used in combination with traditional Chinese medicines to reduce side effects and/or enhance effectiveness. Nevertheless, the relationship between TCMs and EGFR-TKIs remain unclear. This meta-review aimed to explore the clinical evidence of TCMs combined with EGFR-TKIs in the treatment of NSCLC. METHODS Related studies were found by searching the databases of EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, Cochrane library database, China Academic Journals (CNKI), Wanfang and Weipu. This study included 57 randomized controlled trials, all of these were processed by Stata software (version 12.0). In the study, all the materials are published articles, patient anonymity and informed consent and ethics Approval/Institutional review board are not necessary. RESULTS This study demonstrated that the objective response rate was higher in the group of TCMs plus EGFR-TKIs than in the group of EGFR-TKIs alone (risk ratios 1.39, 95% confidence intervals [1.29, 1.50]). Further research of specific herbal medicines showed that Huangqi, Baishu, Fuling, Gancao, Maidong, Baihuashecao, Shashen, Dangshen and Renshen, had significant higher contributions to results. CONCLUSION TCMs may improve the efficacy of EGFR-TKIs in the treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinbing Sui
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes and Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Elemene Anticancer Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Development and Application, Hangzhou, Zhejiang
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes and Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Elemene Anticancer Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Development and Application, Hangzhou, Zhejiang
| | - Xuemeng Han
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes and Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Elemene Anticancer Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Development and Application, Hangzhou, Zhejiang
| | - Ruonan Zhang
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes and Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Elemene Anticancer Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Development and Application, Hangzhou, Zhejiang
| | - Liuxi Chen
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes and Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Xiang
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes and Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Elemene Anticancer Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Development and Application, Hangzhou, Zhejiang
| | - Tian Xie
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes and Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Elemene Anticancer Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Development and Application, Hangzhou, Zhejiang
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3
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Using Traditional Chinese Medicine to Treat Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Targeting Tumor Immunity. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:9843486. [PMID: 32595757 PMCID: PMC7305542 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9843486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As the leading cause of cancer-related death, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) threatens human health and limited treatments are available to cure the disease efficiently and effectively. The particularly immunotolerant environment of the liver lowers the efficacy of current therapies in patients with advanced HCC. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is gathering increasing interest due to the immunoregulatory properties of certain compounds. In advanced HCC, TCM can restore immunosurveillance to promote antitumor effects in several ways, including the upregulation of immunostimulatory factors and the downregulation of immunosuppressive factors. The characteristic multitarget regulation of TCM compounds may provide new insights regarding effective HCC immunotherapies. Here, we review the immunoregulatory potency of TCMs for treating HCC and explain how individual TCM drugs and complex formulas remodel the immune environment in various cell- and cytokine-dependent manners.
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Hoffman RD, Li CY, He K, Wu X, He BC, He TC, Gao JL. Chinese Herbal Medicine and Its Regulatory Effects on Tumor Related T Cells. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:492. [PMID: 32372963 PMCID: PMC7186375 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine is an accepted and integral part of clinical cancer management alongside Western medicine in China. However, historically TCM physicians were unaware of the chemical constituents of their formulations, and the specific biological targets in the body. Through HPLC, flow cytometry, and other processes, researchers now have a much clearer picture of how herbal medicine works in conjunction with the immune system in cancer therapy. Among them, the regulation of tumor-related T cells plays the most important role in modulating tumor immunity by traditional Chinese medicine. Encouraging results have been well-documented, including an increase in T cell production along with their associated cytokines, enhanced regulation of Tregs and important T cell ratios, the formation and function of Tregs in tumor microenvironments, and the promotion of the number and function of normal T Cells to reduce conventional cancer therapy side effects. Chinese herbal medicine represents a rich field of research from which to draw further inspiration for future studies. While promising agents have already been identified, the vast majority of Chinese herbal mechanisms remain undiscovered. In this review, we summarize the effects and mechanisms of specific Chinese herbs and herbal decoctions on tumor related T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Hoffman
- International Education College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,DAOM Department, Five Branches University, San Jose, CA, United States
| | - Chang-Yu Li
- Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai He
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxing Wu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States.,School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bai-Cheng He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States.,School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jian-Li Gao
- Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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5
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Fu W, Hong Z, You X, Din J, Chen B, Zhao B, Yuan G, Li Q. Enhancement of anticancer activity of docetaxel by combination with Fuzheng Yiliu decoction in a mouse model of castration-resistant prostate cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109374. [PMID: 31545228 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Docetaxel (Doc) is the gold standard of care for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients, although the therapeutic effects are modest. Fuzheng Yiliu decoction (FZYL) comprises multiple herbs, and has been used for >10 years to treat various cancers, including hepatocellular tumors, malignant gastrointestinal tumors, and prostate cancer. In the study reported, we evaluated the anticancer effects of FZYL and of a combination of Doc and FZYL in CRPC tumor-bearing mice, and explored the underlying mechanisms. PC-3 tumor-bearing mice were treated with FZYL, Doc, Doc + FZYL or vehicle solution. Tumor volume was monitored, and tumor weight, proliferation and apoptosis of tumor tissues were measured. Deep sequencing was used to profile the miRNA expression patterns in tumor tissues. Our results suggested that FZYL alone could depress tumor growth, and the combination of Doc and FZYL treatment exhibited enhanced anticancer effects. Doc + FZYL regulated the expression of 10 miRNAs: miR-34b-5p, miR-674-3p, miR-140-3p, miR-342-3p, miR-214-3p, miR-149-5p, miR-378c, miR-29b-3p, miR-218-5p, and miR-378a-3p, involving in the PI3K-Akt pathway in the treatment of CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fu
- Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Group, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518133, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhiming Hong
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518033, People's Republic of China
| | - Xujun You
- Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Group, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518133, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Din
- Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Group, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518133, People's Republic of China
| | - Baishu Chen
- Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Group, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518133, People's Republic of China
| | - Beibei Zhao
- Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Group, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518133, People's Republic of China
| | - Gengyan Yuan
- Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Group, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518133, People's Republic of China
| | - Qixin Li
- Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Group, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518133, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Petrilli R, Eloy JO, Saggioro FP, Chesca DL, de Souza MC, Dias MVS, daSilva LLP, Lee RJ, Lopez RFV. Skin cancer treatment effectiveness is improved by iontophoresis of EGFR-targeted liposomes containing 5-FU compared with subcutaneous injection. J Control Release 2018; 283:151-162. [PMID: 29864476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a malignant tumor in which epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpression is associated with poor prognosis and malignancy. For SCC treatment, cetuximab, an anti-EGFR antibody, is administered in combination with a chemotherapeutic drug for improved efficacy. In this work, an EGFR-targeted immunoliposome loaded with 5-fluorouracil (5- FU) was developed to allow co-administration of the antibody and the chemotherapeutic agent and selective delivery to SCC cells. Topically applied iontophoresis and subcutaneous injections of the 5-FU-loaded immunoliposomes were employed in an SCC xenograft animal model to evaluate the influence of the administration route on therapeutic efficacy. In vitro, cellular uptake of cetuximab-immunoliposomes by EGFR-positive SCC cells was 3.5-fold greater than the uptake of control liposomes. Skin penetration studies showed that iontophoresis of immunoliposomes doubled the 5-FU penetration into the viable epidermis compared with the same treatment with control liposomes. In vivo, subcutaneous injection of immunoliposomes reduced tumor volume by >60% compared with the negative control and approximately 50% compared with the 5-FU solution and control liposome treatments. Interestingly, topical administration via iontophoresis improved tumor reduction by almost 2-fold compared with subcutaneous administration of 5-FU solution and control liposomes but was equally effective for the immunoliposome treatment. However, histological analysis showed that iontophoresis of immunoliposomes was more effective than subcutaneous injection in reducing cell proliferation, resulting in cells with less aggressive characteristics. In conclusion, topical administration of immunoliposomes containing 5-FU using iontophoresis is a promising strategy for SCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Petrilli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Cafe s/n, 14040-903 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil; College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 500 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Josimar O Eloy
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Cafe s/n, 14040-903 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil; College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 500 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; School of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, 1210 Capitão Francisco Pedro St, 60430-372, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Fabiano P Saggioro
- School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Avenida Bandeirantes s/n, 14040-040 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Deise L Chesca
- School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Avenida Bandeirantes s/n, 14040-040 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina Claro de Souza
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Cafe s/n, 14040-903 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos V S Dias
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Luis L P daSilva
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Robert J Lee
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 500 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Renata F V Lopez
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Cafe s/n, 14040-903 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Zhang W, Zhong Y, Cui H, Wang L, Yang R, Su Z, Xiang B, Wei Q. Combination of calcineurin B subunit (CnB) and 5-fluorouracil reverses 5-fluorouracil-induced immunosuppressive effect and enhances the antitumor activity in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:6135-6142. [PMID: 29113258 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Five-fluorouracil (5-FU) is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent for digestive system tumors; however, continuous use of 5-FU may cause severe side effects, including myelosuppression and immunosuppression. Our previous study revealed that calcineurin B subunit (CnB), an innovative genetic engineering antitumor protein, possesses tumor-suppressive effects with low toxicity. CnB can bind to and activate integrin αM on macrophages, subsequently promoting the expression, and secretion of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, a specific proapoptotic cytokine. In the present study, whether the combined use of CnB and 5-FU can reverse the myelosuppression, and immunosuppressive effects of 5-FU by reactivating the immune system thus increasing antitumor efficacy, was investigated. It was demonstrated that combined treatment of 5-FU and CnB led to increased tumor-suppressive effects, as indicated by reduced tumor volume and weight when compared with 5-FU or CnB treatment alone in a hepatoma xenograph model. In addition, it was demonstrated that combined treatment inhibited the proliferation of hepatoma cells. Notably, the addition of CnB to 5-FU-based therapy completely reversed the immunosuppressive effect of 5-FU. The spleen index and total number of white blood cells in the combination group were higher compared with that of the 5-FU alone group. Furthermore, pathological examinations indicated that CnB attenuated 5-FU-induced organ damage. Based on these findings, it is proposed that CnB may serve as a novel and promising drug candidate for the improvement of 5-FU-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Youxiu Zhong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Hongfei Cui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Liya Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyi Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Benqiong Xiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Qun Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
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8
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Liu Z, Liao L, Cao Z, Chen X, Du J. Synergisic effect of APRIL knockdown and Jiedu Xiaozheng Yin, a Chinese medicinal recipe, on the inhibition of hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation. Oncol Rep 2016; 37:754-760. [PMID: 28035399 PMCID: PMC5355738 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well documented that A proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL), a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily, plays a crucial role in the occurrence and development of tumors. In the present study, we evaluated the synergistic effect of APRIL knockdown and Jiedu Xiaozheng Yin (JXY), a Traditional Chinese Medicinal recipe, on the inhibition of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell proliferation and elucidated the underlying mechanism. The results demonstrated that both APRIL knockdown using small interfering RNA (siRNA) and JXY treatment could trigger cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis, and suppress HCC cell proliferation through an NF-κB-related pathway. Synergism was further demonstrated between APRIL knockdown and JXY treatment. In conclusion, these results indicate that APRIL is a target gene for HCC and combination of siRNA-APRIL and JXY application holds great promise as a novel approach for the treatment of APRIL-positive HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhen Liu
- College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Lianming Liao
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyun Cao
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Xuzheng Chen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Jian Du
- College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
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Preclinical Models for Investigation of Herbal Medicines in Liver Diseases: Update and Perspective. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:4750163. [PMID: 26941826 PMCID: PMC4749812 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4750163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver disease results from a dynamic pathological process associated with cellular and genetic alterations, which may progress stepwise to liver dysfunction. Commonly, liver disease begins with hepatocyte injury, followed by persistent episodes of cellular regeneration, inflammation, and hepatocyte death that may ultimately lead to nonreversible liver failure. For centuries, herbal remedies have been used for a variety of liver diseases and recent studies have identified the active compounds that may interact with liver disease-associated targets. Further study on the herbal remedies may lead to the formulation of next generation medicines with hepatoprotective, antifibrotic, and anticancer properties. Still, the pharmacological actions of vast majority of herbal remedies remain unknown; thus, extensive preclinical studies are important. In this review, we summarize progress made over the last five years of the most commonly used preclinical models of liver diseases that are used to screen for curative herbal medicines for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, liver fibrosis/cirrhosis, and liver. We also summarize the proposed mechanisms associated with the observed liver-protective, antifibrotic, and anticancer actions of several promising herbal medicines and discuss the challenges faced in this research field.
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10
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Chen M, May BH, Zhou IW, Xue CCL, Zhang AL. Meta-Analysis of Oxaliplatin-Based Chemotherapy Combined With Traditional Medicines for Colorectal Cancer: Contributions of Specific Plants to Tumor Response. Integr Cancer Ther 2015; 15:40-59. [PMID: 26254190 DOI: 10.1177/1534735415596424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This meta-analysis evaluates the clinical evidence for the addition of traditional medicines (TMs) to oxaliplatin-based regimens for colorectal cancer (CRC) in terms of tumor response rate (TRR). Eight electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials of oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy combined with TMs compared to the same oxaliplatin-based regimen. Data on TRR from 42 randomized controlled trials were analyzed using Review Manager 5.1. Studies were conducted in China or Japan. Publication bias was not evident. The meta-analyses suggest that the combination of the TMs with oxaliplatin-based regimens increased TRR in the palliative treatment of CRC (risk ratio [RR] 1.31 [1.20-1.42], I(2) = 0%). Benefits were evident for both injection products (RR 1.36 [1.18-1.57], I(2) = 0%) and orally administered TMs (RR 1.27 [1.15-1.41], I(2) = 0%). Further sensitivity analysis of specific plant-based TMs found that Paeonia, Curcuma, and Sophora produced consistently higher contributions to the RR results. Compounds in each of these TMs have shown growth-inhibitory effects in CRC cell-line studies. Specific combinations of TMs appeared to produce higher contributions to TRR than the TMs individually. Notable among these was the combination of Hedyotis, Astragalus, and Scutellaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghua Chen
- The China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Brian H May
- The China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Iris W Zhou
- The China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Charlie C L Xue
- The China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, and The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anthony L Zhang
- The China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
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11
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Chen XZ, Cao ZY, Li JN, Hu HX, Zhang YQ, Huang YM, Liu ZZ, Hu D, Liao LM, Du J. Ethyl acetate extract from Jiedu Xiaozheng Yin inhibits the proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells by suppressing polycomb gene product Bmi1 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:2710-8. [PMID: 25333742 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Jiedu Xiaozheng Yin (JXY) is a Chinese herbal decoction used to treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Previous studies have demonstrated that JXY can inhibit HCC cell proliferation via induction of G0/G1 phase arrest. In this study, we investigated whether the inhibitory effect of JXY on HCC cells is associated with the inhibition of the Wnt/β‑catenin pathway and the polycomb gene product Bmi1. Ethyl acetate extract from JXY (EE-JXY) was prepared. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) and colony formation assays were used to measure cell proliferation. Immunofluorescence was used to analyze the expression and location of β-catenin and Bmi1. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), c-myc and cyclin D1. β-catenin, Bmi1, c-myc, cyclin D1 and p16INK4A mRNA levels were detected by RT-PCR. The results demonstrated that EE-JXY inhibited the expression of PCNA, c-myc, cyclin D1 and Bmi1, and upregulated the expression of p16INK4A. We also found that EE-JXY could facilitate β-catenin translocation from the cytoplasm and nuclei to the cytomembrane. Finally, suppression of cell proliferation and expression of Bmi1 and Wnt/β-catenin by EE-JXY was confirmed in a mouse xenograft model of HCC. Thus, EE-JXY can inhibit the proliferation of HCC partially via suppression of the Bmi1 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Zheng Chen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Yun Cao
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Nong Li
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Xia Hu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - You-Quan Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350003, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Mei Huang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Zhen Liu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Dan Hu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Lian-Ming Liao
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Jian Du
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350003, P.R. China
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Maykel J, Liu JH, Li H, Shultz LD, Greiner DL, Houghton J. NOD-scidIl2rg (tm1Wjl) and NOD-Rag1 (null) Il2rg (tm1Wjl) : a model for stromal cell-tumor cell interaction for human colon cancer. Dig Dis Sci 2014; 59:1169-79. [PMID: 24798995 PMCID: PMC4032472 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-014-3168-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Stromal cells and the extracellular environment are vital to human tumors, influencing growth and response to therapy. Human tumor cell lines lack stroma and transplantation into immunodeficient mice does not allow meaningful analyses of the effects of stroma on tumor cell growth. Studies of xenografts of primary human tumor fragments in nude mice and in early scid mouse models were constrained by poor tumor growth accompanied by host-versus-graft reactivity, dramatically altering tumor architecture and tumor microenvironment. In contrast, severely immunodeficient NOD-scid and NOD-Rag1 (null) strains carrying the IL2rg (null) mutation (NSG and NRG) support the growth of many types of human primary tumors. METHODS/RESULTS We compared the take rate, growth and architectural preservation of 10 clinically distinct primary human colon cancers in NOD-scid, NOD-Rag1 (null) , NSG and NRG mice and determined the contribution of mouse and human cells to the stroma during tumor proliferation and expansion in secondary hosts and tumor response to treatment with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). NSG and NRG mice more readily support growth of human primary colon tumor fragments than do NOD-scid, NOD-Rag1 (null) mice and maintain tumor architectural integrity in the primary recipient and through subsequent transplant generations. The human colon tumors were responsive to treatment with 5-FU. Human stromal cells in the primary graft were replaced by mouse-derived fibroblasts in a dynamic process during subsequent passages. CONCLUSION Human colon cancer xenografts propagated in NSG and NRG mice maintain structural fidelity while replacing human stromal cells with murine stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Maykel
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, UMass Memorial Health Care System, Worcester, MA USA
| | - Jian Hua Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, LRB Second Floor-209, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01635 USA
| | - Hanchen Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, LRB Second Floor-209, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01635 USA
| | | | - Dale L. Greiner
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA USA
| | - JeanMarie Houghton
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, LRB Second Floor-209, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01635 USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA USA
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13
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Chen M, May BH, Zhou IW, Xue CCL, Zhang AL. FOLFOX 4 combined with herbal medicine for advanced colorectal cancer: a systematic review. Phytother Res 2013; 28:976-91. [PMID: 24343974 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review evaluates the clinical evidence for the addition of herbal medicines (HMs) to FOLFOX 4 for advanced colorectal cancer (ACRC) in terms of tumor response rate (tRR), survival, quality of life and reduction in adverse events (AEs). Seven electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of FOLFOX4 combined with HMs compared to FOLFOX4 alone. Outcome data for 13 randomized controlled trials were analysed using Review Manager 5.1. Risk of bias for objective outcomes including tumor response and survival was judged as low. Publication bias was not evident. Meta-analyses found the addition of HMs improved tRR (RR 1.25, 95%CI 1.06-1.47, I(2) = 0%), one year survival (RR 1.51, 95%CI 1.19-1.90, I(2) = 0%) and quality of life in terms of Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) gained (RR 1.84, 95%CI 1.54-2.19, I(2) = 0%); alleviated grade 3 and 4 chemotherapy-related AEs for neutropenia (RR 0.33, 95%CI 0.18-0.60, I(2) = 0%), nausea and vomiting (RR 0.34, 95%CI 0.17-0.67, I(2) = 0%) and neurotoxicity (RR 0.39, 95%CI 0.15-1.00, I(2) = 0%), compared to FOLFOX4 alone. The most frequently used herbs were Astragalus membranaceus, Panax ginseng, Atractylodes macrocephala, Poria cocos, Coix lachryma-jobi and Sophora flavescens. In experimental studies, each of these herbs has shown actions that could have contributed to improved tumor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghua Chen
- School of Health Sciences, and Traditional & Complementary Medicine Research Program, Health Innovations Research Institute, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
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