1
|
Olowofolahan A, Fatunsin O, Olorunsogo O. Modulatory effect of ciprofloxacin, a broad spectrum antibacterial drug, on mPT pore using rat model with estradiol benzoate-induced endometrial hyperplasia. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:3331-3341. [PMID: 37943297 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02824-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) pore has become a motive for drug evolvement pertinent to dysregulated apoptosis situations. Some chemical compounds impede tumor/cancer via the inception of mPT pore opening. Ciprofloxacin has been demonstrated to hinder growth and effect apoptosis in some cancer cells. However, using a rat model, this study investigated its effect on mitochondrial-mediated cell death via mPT pore opening and estradiol benzoate (EB)-induced endometrial hyperplasia. Mitochondria were isolated using differential centrifugation. The opening of the pore, cytochrome c release (CCR), mitochondrial ATPase (mATPase) activity, mitochondrial lipid peroxidation (mLPO), caspases 3 and 9 levels, and hepatic DNA fragmentation were determined. Histological evaluation of hepatic and uterine sections and immunoexpression levels of Bax, caspase 3, and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 levels were quantified. The results show that ciprofloxacin caused mPT pore opening, CCR, mATPase activity, effected mLPO, caspases 3 and 9 activations, and hepatic DNA fragmentation. The histology of the liver section showed moderate to marked disseminated congestion at 100 mg/kg, while higher doses showed severe hepatic damage. Severe EH was detected in the EB-treated rats which was attenuated by ciprofloxacin in the treatment group. The Bax and caspase expressions were upregulated by ciprofloxacin while anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 was downregulated. Ciprofloxacin induces mitochondrial-mediated cell death via mPT pore opening and mitigates EB-induced EH in rat models via Bax/caspase/Bcl-2 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adeola Olowofolahan
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Omowumi Fatunsin
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olufunso Olorunsogo
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Anwar MM, Laila IMI. The ameliorating effect of Rutin on hepatotoxicity and inflammation induced by the daily administration of vortioxetine in rats. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:153. [PMID: 38581023 PMCID: PMC10996088 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04447-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vortioxetine (VORTX) is a potent and selective type of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) that is mainly prescribed for treating major depression along with mood disorders as the first drug of choice. Limited previous findings have indicated evidence of liver injury and hepatotoxicity associated with daily VORTX treatment. Rutin (RUT), which is known for its antioxidant properties, has demonstrated several beneficial health actions, including hepatoprotection. Therefore the current study aimed to evaluate and assess the ameliorative effect of RUT against the hepatotoxic actions of daily low and high-dose VORTX administration. METHODS The experimental design included six groups of rats, each divided equally. Control, rats exposed to RUT (25 mg/kg), rats exposed to VORTX (28 mg/kg), rats exposed to VORTX (28 mg/kg) + RUT (25 mg/kg), rats exposed to VORTX (80 mg/kg), and rats exposed to VORTX (80 mg/kg) + RUT (25 mg/kg). After 30 days from the daily exposure period, assessments were conducted for serum liver enzyme activities, hepatotoxicity biomarkers, liver antioxidant endogenous enzymes, DNA fragmentation, and histopathological studies of liver tissue. RESULTS Interestingly, the risk of liver damage and hepatotoxicity related to VORTX was attenuated by the daily co-administration of RUT. Significant improvements were observed among all detected liver functions, oxidative stress, and inflammatory biomarkers including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), albumin, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase (GST), total protein, acid phosphatase, N-Acetyl-/β-glucosaminidase (β-NAG), β-Galactosidase (β-Gal), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), caspase 3, and cytochrom-C along with histopathological studies, compared to the control and sole RUT group. CONCLUSION Thus, RUT can be considered a potential and effective complementary therapy in preventing hepatotoxicity and liver injury induced by the daily or prolonged administration of VORTX.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mai M Anwar
- Department of Biochemistry, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR)/Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ibrahim M Ibrahim Laila
- Department of Biotechnology &Molecular drug evaluation, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR)/Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Alhassan HH, Al-Keridis LA, Ayub H, Alenazy FO, Alruwaili Y, Khan MR, Fatima M, Patel M, Alshammari N, Adnan M, Sahreen S. GC-MS-based profiling and ameliorative potential of Carissa opaca Stapf ex Haines fruit against cardiac and testicular toxicity: An In vivo study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19324. [PMID: 37664756 PMCID: PMC10469965 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fruit of Carissa opaca Stapf ex Haines (C. opaca) is a feed additive and is commonly used against cardiac dysfunction, fever, asthma, diarrhea, gastrointestinal ailments, and skin diseases. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the metabolic profile and antioxidant potential of C. opaca fruit against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced cardiotoxicity and testicular toxicity in rats. Gas Chromatoghraphy-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of C. opaca fruit for the identification of potential metabolic profile, followed by methanolic extract of C. opaca and its derived fractions including n-hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform, butanol, and aqueous were used to assess the antioxidant potential of fruits. Ten groups of rats received different treatments and got evaluated for cardiac and testicular antioxidant enzymes, histological architecture, and serum hormonal levels. GC-MS analysis of methanolic extract of C. opaca fruit showed the presence of some bioactive metabolites like cyclodecane, diethyl 2,6-pyridine dicarboxylate, tetrahydro-geraniol, S-[2-[N, N-Dimethylamino]ethyl]morpoline, 2,3-Methylenedioxyphenol, alpha-d-Glucopyranoside, 5,10-Diethoxy-2,3,7,8-tetrahydro-1H, 6H-dipyrrolo [1,2-a; 1',2'-d] pyrazine and 1,3-Benzothiazol-2(3H)-one,3-(3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutyl) that corresponds the medicinal properties of C. opaca fruit. Prepared fractions of C. opaca fruits mitigated the toxicity induced by CCl4 in the heart and testicular tissues of rats. Oxidative stress was caused by the inhibition of activities of glutathione and other antioxidant enzymes of the body, while on the other hand elevating the levels of nitrite and hydrogen peroxide. Treatment with C. opaca fruit extract normalized the levels of enzymes, reproductive hormones, and free radicals thus restoring the histopathological and enzymatic biomarkers towards the normal group. The study supports the indigenous use of fruits as an alternative medicine against cardiac dysfunction by providing scientific evidence of protection against CCl4-induced injuries, and it also concludes the antioxidant defensive role in testicular tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan H. Alhassan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences-Sakaka, Jouf University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lamya Ahmed Al-Keridis
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huma Ayub
- Department of Zoology, Mirpur University of Science & Technology, Azad Jammu and Kashmir AJK, Mirpur, Pakistan
| | - Fawaz O. Alenazy
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences-Sakaka, Jouf University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasir Alruwaili
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences-Sakaka, Jouf University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Rashid Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mehreen Fatima
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mitesh Patel
- Research and Development Cell, Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara, 391760, India
| | - Nawaf Alshammari
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, P O Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, P O Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sumaira Sahreen
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Pulau Pinang, 11800, Malaysia
- Botanical Sciences Division, Pakistan Museum of Natural History, Garden Avenue, Shakarparian Road, 44000, Islamabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Younis T, Jabeen F, Hussain A, Rasool B, Raza Ishaq A, Nawaz A, El-Nashar HAS, El-Shazly M. Antioxidant and Pulmonary Protective Potential of Fraxinus xanthoxyloides Bark Extract against CCl 4 -Induced Toxicity in Rats. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200755. [PMID: 36722706 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Fraxinus xanthoxyloides is a perennial shrub belonging to family Oleaceae, traditionally used for malaria, jaundice, pneumonia, inflammation, and rheumatism. Our study is aimed to assess the total phenolics (TPC), flavonoids (TFC), terpenoids contents (TTC) and antioxidant profiling of F. xanthoxyloides methanol bark extract (FXBM) and its fractions, hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and aqueous, along with high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD). Further, the antioxidant and pulmonary protective potential was explored against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 )-induced CCl4-induced pulmonary tissue damage in rats. The highest TPC, TFC and TTC were found in FXBM (133.29±4.19 mg/g), ethyl acetate fraction (279.55±10.35 mg/g), and chloroform fraction (0.79±0.06 mg/g), respectively. The most potent antioxidant capacity was depicted by FXBM (29.21±2.40 μg/mg) and ethyl acetate fraction (91.16±5.51 μg/mg). The HPLC-DAD analysis revealed the predominance of gallic, chlorogenic, vanillic and ferulic acid in FXBM. The administration of CCl4 induced oxidative stress, suppressed antioxidant enzymes' activities including catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, and glutathione reductase. Further, it increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and H2 O2 levels, induced DNA injuries and reduced the total protein and glutathione content in lung tissues. The treatment of rats with FXBM restored these biochemical parameters to the normal level. Moreover, the histopathological studies of lung tissues demonstrated that FXBM protected rats' lung tissues from oxidative damage restoring normal lung functions. Thus, F. xanthoxyloides bark extract is recommended as adjuvant therapy as protective agent for patients with lung disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tahira Younis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, The Women University Multan, 60000, Multan, Pakistan
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Jabeen
- Department of Zoology, University of Education Bank road campus, 54000, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ali Hussain
- Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, 54590, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Rasool
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Raza Ishaq
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Atif Nawaz
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Heba A S El-Nashar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, the German University in Cairo, 11835, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Foudah AI, Salkini MA, Yusufoglu HS, Alkreathy HM, Khan RA. Protective Effects of a Polyphenolic Phytochemical Quercetin against Oxidative Dysfunctions in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2023; 2023:7858718. [PMID: 37123083 PMCID: PMC10139810 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7858718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Quercetin hastraditionally been used in various oxidative and urinary tract dysfunctions. Thecurrent project is consequently set to evaluate the defensive efficacy ofQuercetin against potassium bromate (KBrO3) induced testiculartissue oxidative dysfunctions through biochemical, hormonal, and genotoxicmarkers. Methods To observe theprotective efficacy of Quercetin against urinogenital oxidative dysfunction inrats, thirty six albino male rats were divided into six groups. Protectiveefficacies of Quercetin were checked on reproductive hormonal levels,antioxidant enzyme activities, lipids peroxidation (LP), and DNA damages. Results Potassium bromate exposure in experimentalanimals caused a reduction in the activities of antioxidant enzymes and disturbedhormonal secretions while enhancing the peroxidation of lipids andfragmentations of DNA. Cotreatment of Quercetin considerably (P<0.01)reversed these abnormalities with admiration to levels of hormones, antioxidantenzymes activities, and peroxidations of lipids secure to those seen inuntreated rats. (P < 0.01). Conclusion The findings of the current project revealedthat various doses of Quercetin are able to keep the testicular organ fromabnormal free radical dysfunctions. These improvements might be due to theantioxidant ability of polyphenolic bioactive constituent, i.e., Quercetin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed I. Foudah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A. Salkini
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hasan Soliman Yusufoglu
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Dentistry & Pharmacy, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah 51418, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda Mohammed Alkreathy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahmat Ali Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology Bannu, Bannu, KPK, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Olanlokun JO, Ekundayo MT, Koorbanally NA, Olorunsogo OO. Hexane fraction of Globimetula braunii induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:769-777. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
|
7
|
Akinloye DI, Sojinu OS, Ugbaja RN, Agemo S, Akintubuwa MO, Bolaji TJ. Appraisal of Acalypha wilkesiana Godseffiana mitigating effects against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced oxidative impairment in female wistar rat. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-021-00588-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
8
|
Olowofolahan AO, Adeosun OA, Olorunsogo OO. Monosodium Glutamate Induces Cytotoxicity in Rat Liver via Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore Opening. Cell Biochem Biophys 2020; 78:429-437. [PMID: 32964329 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-020-00944-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a major food additive used as a flavor enhancer. A lot of controversies have been generated over the use of MSG. The present study therefore investigated whether MSG would induce cytotoxicity via the induction of mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) pore opening. 36 male albino rats were used for this study. The rats were equally divided into six groups: group I is the control while group II, III, IV, V, and VI were orally treated with MSG (25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) daily for 28 days. The opening of the pore, cytochrome c release, mitochondrial ATPase activity, mitochondrial lipid peroxidation and hepatic DNA fragmentation were determined spectrophotometrically. Histological assessment of prostate and brain was carried out. The results show that MSG at concentrations ≤30 µg/ml did not induce mPT pore opening while higher concentrations caused significant induction of pore opening. Also, at lower doses (25 and 50 mg/kg), MSG did not cause any significant induction of mPT pore opening while at higher doses, there were significant induction of pore opening. Similar trend of results was recorded for cytochrome c release, mitochondrial ATPase activity and lipid peroxidation. The histological results show that at low doses (25 and 50 mg/kg), no significant lesion was observed while higher doses caused benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in the prostate and necrotic damage in the brain. MSG administration at low dose is tolerable while high doses induce cytotoxicity via mPT pore opening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adeola Oluwakemi Olowofolahan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Oluwatobi Andrew Adeosun
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olufunso Olabode Olorunsogo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ahmed A, Hameed A, Saeed S. Biochemical profile and bioactive potential of thirteen wild folk medicinal plants from Balochistan, Pakistan. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231612. [PMID: 32810139 PMCID: PMC7444594 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent focus is on the analysis of biological activities of extracts from thirteen folk medicinal plants from arid and semi-arid zones of Balochistan, Pakistan. Only a small proportion of them have been scientifically analyzed. Therefore the present investigation explores the biochemical and bioactive potential of different plant parts. Superoxide dismutase was detected maximum in Fagonia indica, (184.7±5.17 units/g), ascorbate peroxidase in Tribulus pentandrus (947.5±12.5 units/g), catalase and peroxidase were higher in Peganum harmala (555.0±5.0 and 2597.8±0.4 units/g, respectively). Maximum esterase and α-amylase activity was found in Zygophyllum fabago (14.3±0.44 and 140±18.8 mg/g, respectively). Flavonoid content was high in T. pentandrus (666.1±49 μg/ml). The highest total phenolic content and tannin was revealed in F. olivieri (72125±425 and 37050±1900 μM/g, respectively). The highest value of ascorbic acid was depicted in F. bruguieri (F.b.N) (448±1.5 μg/g). Total soluble proteins and reducing sugars were detected higher in P. harmala (372.3±54 and 5.9±0.1 mg/g, respectively). The maximum total antioxidant capacity was depicted in Tetraena simplex (16.9±0.01 μM/g). The highest value of lycopene and total carotenoids exhibited in T. terrestris (7.44±0.2 and 35.5±0.0 mg/g, respectively). Chlorophyll contents were found maximum in T. pentandrus var. pterophorus (549.1±9.9, 154.3±10, and 703.4±20.2 ug/g, respectively). All taxa exhibited anti-inflammatory activity and anti-diabetic potential. Z. eurypterum seeds exhibited the highest anti-inflammatory potential (96%), along with other taxa indicated (96-76%) activity when compared with the standard drug diclofenac sodium (79%). Seeds of T. pentandrus (85%) exhibited the highest anti-diabetic activity. The other taxa also exhibited inhibitory activity of α-amylase ranging from (85-69%) compared with Metformin (67%) standard drug. Phytochemical screening revealed that selected taxa proved to be the potential source of natural antioxidants and could further be explored for in-vivo studies and utilized in pharmaceutical industries as potent therapeutic agents validating their ethno-pharmacological uses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alia Ahmed
- Department of Botany, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Hameed
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Saeed
- Department of Botany, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Effect of Elaeis guineensis (Jacq) leaf extracts on crude oil-induced genotoxicity in Wistar albino rats. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
11
|
Younis T, Jabeen F, Jafri L, Rasul A, Manzoor M, Shaheen M, Riaz A. The protective potential of a Fraxinus xanthoxyloidesethyl acetate fraction against CCl 4-induced oxidative stress in the cardiac tissue of rats. RSC Adv 2020; 10:10221-10231. [PMID: 35498604 PMCID: PMC9050420 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08729j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary metabolites present in medicinal plants offer a golden opportunity to fight different ailments, such as cancer, infections, diabetes, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, etc. The traditional use of various parts of Fraxinus xanthoxyloides is known to serve as a cure for pneumonia, pain, jaundice, malaria, fracturing of bones, and internal wounds. The aim of this research was to validate the antioxidant and cardio-protective properties of F. xanthoxyloides leaves. The antioxidant potential was evaluated by employing different assays on the crude methanol extract, as well as its derived fractions. The extract/fraction that showed significant activity was further investigated for the presence of phytochemicals using high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) analysis and also for cardio-protective potential. In the case of the antioxidant potential, the ethyl acetate fraction (FXE) was demonstrated to have the most potent total antioxidant (26.3 ± 2.4 AAE μg mg−1), hydroxyl ion scavenging (IC50 = 7.9 ± 0.9 μg mg−1), ferrous ion chelating (IC50 = 28.2 ± 2.7 μg mg−1) and nitric oxide scavenging (IC50 = 32.5 ± 2.9 μg mg−1) effects among all of the extract/fractions, whereas in the case of DPPH (IC50 = 17.5 ± 2.7 μg mg−1) and the reducing power assay (16.7 ± 2.8 GAE μg mg−1), promising antioxidant potential was shown by the n-butanol fraction. The presence of different concentrations of rutin, caffeic acid, catechin, and gallic acid was observed in the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) profile of FXE. Furthermore, in in vivo experimentation, the oral administration of FXE and silymarin significantly restored the CCl4-induced increase in the levels of creatine kinase, creatine kinase-MB, cholesterol and triacylglycerides when compared with the untreated group. FXE and silymarin treatment also restored the levels of the tissue antioxidant enzymes, for example glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione reductase, catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. Furthermore, significantly lower levels of reduced glutathione and enhanced levels of lipid peroxides, hydrogen peroxide, comet length and DNA damages were observed after CCl4 administration in the cardiac tissue of rats. FXE was able to restore these biochemical parameters, as well as the histological status of heart tissue. Based upon the present investigation, we concluded that F. xanthoxyloides leaves may have cardio-protective potential similar to silymarin against CCl4 induced injuries owing to its antioxidant constituents. Secondary metabolites present in medicinal plants offer a golden opportunity to fight different ailments, such as cancer, infections, diabetes, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, etc.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tahira Younis
- Department of Biochemistry
- Faculty of Biological Sciences
- Quaid-i-Azam University
- Islamabad 45320
- Pakistan
| | - Faiza Jabeen
- Department of Zoology
- Faculty of Life Sciences
- Government College University
- Faisalabad 38000
- Pakistan
| | - Laila Jafri
- Department of Biochemistry
- Faculty of Biological Sciences
- Quaid-i-Azam University
- Islamabad 45320
- Pakistan
| | - Azhar Rasul
- Department of Zoology
- Faculty of Life Sciences
- Government College University
- Faisalabad 38000
- Pakistan
| | - Maleeha Manzoor
- Department of Zoology
- Faculty of Life Sciences
- Government College University
- Faisalabad 38000
- Pakistan
| | - Mussarat Shaheen
- Department of Zoology
- Faculty of Life Sciences
- Government College University
- Faisalabad 38000
- Pakistan
| | - Ammara Riaz
- Department of Zoology
- Faculty of Life Sciences
- Government College University
- Faisalabad 38000
- Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Said RS, Mohamed HA, Kamal MM. Coenzyme Q10 mitigates ionizing radiation-induced testicular damage in rats through inhibition of oxidative stress and mitochondria-mediated apoptotic cell death. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 383:114780. [PMID: 31618661 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a common treatment modality for cancer patients; however, its use is limited by decreasing the probability of fertility in male cancer survivors. Therefore, this study aimed to define the capability of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), a potent stimulator of mitochondrial function, in attenuating ionizing radiation (IR)-induced spermatogenesis impairments. Male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to a single dose of ϒ-rays (10 Gy) and/or treated with CoQ10 (10 mg/kg, orally, for 2 consecutive weeks). IR mediated irregular seminiferous tubules, which were emerged with typical morphological characteristics of apoptosis, and nuclear condensation, while CoQ10 significantly preserved the testicular structure and maintained spermatogenesis, which was displayed by higher levels of serum estradiol and testosterone. CoQ10 remarkably augmented sperm count, motility, and viability while diminished the rate of sperm-defects relatively to their counterparts after IR exposure. CoQ10 modulations in reproductive parameters were underpinned by attenuating IR-induced oxidative stress as evidenced by decreasing lipid peroxidation and increasing the antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-s-transferase activities, and glutathione level. Supporting the involvement of CoQ10 in the anti-apoptotic response, the reduced mRNA expression levels of p53, Puma, and Bax accompanied by the increased Bcl-2 mRNA expression were observed. Subsequently, CoQ10 ameliorated the mitochondria dependent apoptotic pathway through diminishing Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, caspase-3 protein expression, and DNA fragmentation in testes of irradiated rats. Taken together, our findings showed that CoQ10 conserved against IR-induced steroidogenesis disruption through subsiding mitochondria-mediated oxidative stress injury in germinal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riham S Said
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research & Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Heba A Mohamed
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research & Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Kamal
- Pharmacology and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, Egypt; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Adefisan A, Owumi S, Adaramoye O. Root bark extract of Calliandra portoricensis (Jacq.) Benth. chemoprevents N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced mammary gland toxicity in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 233:22-33. [PMID: 30599221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Calliandra portoricensis (CP) is a herb widely used in Nigeria for the treatment of breast engorgement. However, the scientific evidence of this use and its mechanisms of action is not clearly understood. AIM OF THE STUDY We assessed the chemopreventive effects of methanol extract of CP on N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (NMU)-induced mammary gland toxicity in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fingerprinting of methanol extract of CP by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was done. Female Wistar rats were assigned into eight groups: Group 1 (control), group 2 received NMU only, groups 3, 4 and 5 received NMU and treated with CP at doses of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg, respectively. Group 6 received CP (300 mg/kg), group 7 received NMU and vincristine, while group 8 received vincristine. RESULTS The weight-gain by rats decreased in all groups that received NMU. Administration of NMU significantly increased organo-somatic weight of mammary gland by 52%. The NMU increased serum nitric oxide, total bilirubin, mammary myeloperoxidase and lipid peroxidation by 76%, 87%, 130% and 21%, respectively, as well as activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase. Also, NMU-treated rats had decreased total sulphydryl, reduced glutathione and catalase. Immunohistochemistry revealed strong expression of estrogen, progesterone and EGFR-2 proteins in NMU-treated rats. Treatment with CP (200 and 300 mg/kg) attenuated NMU-induced inflammation and oxidative stress. CONCLUSION CP ameliorated NMU-induced toxicity by modulating different cellular targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adedoyin Adefisan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Solomon Owumi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Oluwatosin Adaramoye
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Olanlokun JO, Balogun FA, Olorunsogo OO. Chemotherapeutic and prophylactic antimalarial drugs induce cell death through mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in murine models. Drug Chem Toxicol 2018; 44:47-57. [PMID: 30486696 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1536139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is a parasitic disease that has defied many treatment plans. This study was carried out to investigate the host mitochondrial response to malarial infection and selected antimalarial chemotherapy using murine models. The effects of artesunate (ART) and proguanil (PRG) on mitochondrial Permeability Transition (mPT), mitochondrial ATPase (mATPase), level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and activities of antioxidant enzymes; catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Xanthine oxidase (XO), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were estimated in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice treated with ART and PRG. Besides, apoptotic markers, such as caspases 3, 9 and DNA fragmentation were estimated. Unparasitised (NORMAL) and parasitized but untreated (PU) animals were used as controls. The mPT pore opening fold of 9 (ART), 3 (PRG), and 4 (PU) were observed relative to calcium (23) for in vivo study. In vitro, graded concentrations (20, 40, 80 and 160 μg/mL) of ART gave mPT induction folds of 1, 21, 23 and 25, respectively, relative to calcium (9) while PRG did not have effect in the absence of calcium. In vivo, ART significantly (p < 0.001) enhanced mATPase activity than PRG. The PRG and ART increased the MDA levels in vivo. Oral administration of ART and PRG altered antioxidant enzymes status, Caspases 3 and 9 were significantly activated in PRG-treated groups; there was significant increase in DNA fragmentation in PU and PRG groups compared with the normal control. The results obtained showed that malaria parasite and antimalarial drugs cause mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Oludele Olanlokun
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Folashade Abimbola Balogun
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olufunso Olabode Olorunsogo
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Khan RA. Effect of Launaea procumbens on thyroid glands lipid peroxidation and hormonal dysfunction: a randomized control trial. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:168. [PMID: 28893262 PMCID: PMC5594511 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0557-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Launaea procumbens (Roxb.) Amin is traditionally used in Pakistan for the treatment of hormonal disorders and oxidative stress. The present study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Launaea procumbens methanol extract (LPME) against KBrO3-induced oxidative stress and hormonal dysfunction in thyroid. METHODS To examine the effects of LPME against the oxidative stress of KBrO3 in thyroid tissue, 36 male albino rats were used. Protective effects of LPME were observed on thyroid hormonal levels, activities of antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and DNA damage. RESULTS Treatment with KBrO3 significantly (P < 0.01) reduced the levels of T3 (55.13 ± 1.93) and T4 (14.7 ± 1.78) and increased TSH (55.13 ± 1.93) levels. KBrO3 exposure in rats reduced the activities of antioxidant enzymes viz.; CAT (1.16 ± 0.08); SOD (12.0 ± 0.08), GST (17.7 ± 1.1) and GSR (54.3 ± 2.1) but increased lipid peroxidation (20.3 ± 0.71) and DNA (30.4 ± 2.0) damage. Co-administration of LPME significantly (P < 0.01) improved these alterations with respect to hormonal levels, activities of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation close to those seen in control rats. CONCLUSION These results suggest that LPME can protect thyroid tissue against oxidative damage, possibly through the antioxidant effects of its bioactive compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahmat Ali Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Bannu, KPK, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sahreen S, Khan MR, Khan RA. Evaluation of Rumex hastatus leaves against hepatic fibrosis: a rat model. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:435. [PMID: 28854968 PMCID: PMC5577788 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1943-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rumex hastatus leaves have been widely used as food additive and for the treatment of various liver ailments. According to our previous studies, ethyle acetate (ERL) and methanolic (MRL) fractions of R. hastatus leaves are an accessible source of natural antioxidants. In the present research work we arranged to investigate the R. hastatus leaves as hepaptoprotective agent verse hepatic damages caused by CCl4. METHODS During this project we divided 48 rats into eight groups randomly. CCl4-induced damages were assessed through liver function markers viz.; alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), γ-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Changes in lipid profile were checked by measuring serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (Tg), high density lipoproteins (HDL) and low density lipoproteins (LDL). Antioxidant status was checked by the activities of antioxidant enzymes, DNA damages and cellular abnormalities at histo level. RESULTS Administration of CCl4 in rats caused significant increase in liver function and lipid profile indicating hepatic damages which were restored by co-administration of R. hastatus extracts. Cellular and DNA damages in hepatic tissues were caused by CCl4 which shown clear hepatic fibrosis in addition to disturb antioxidant enzyme level. Co-treatment with various fractions of R. hastatus leaves regulated these markers of oxidative dysfunctions. CONCLUSION From the present report it was inferred that R. hastatus leaves have the ability to reverse CCl4 - induced hepatic damages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumaira Sahreen
- Botanical Sciences Division, Pakistan Museum of Natural History, Garden Avenue, Shakarparian, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rashid Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rahmat Ali Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Bannu, KPK 28100 Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Fagonia olivieri prevented hepatorenal injuries induced with gentamicin in rat. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 88:469-479. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
|
18
|
Rashid U, Khan MR, Sajid M. Hepatoprotective potential of Fagonia olivieri DC. against acetaminophen induced toxicity in rat. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:449. [PMID: 27829418 PMCID: PMC5103455 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1445-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fagonia olivieri (DC) being used for the treatment of diabetes, cancer, fever and claimed to be effective in many other stress related disorders. In this study we have evaluated the F. olivieri whole methanol extract and its derived fractions for various in vitro and in vivo antioxidant studies. METHODS The crude methanol extract of the whole plant of F. olivieri (FOM) and its derived fractions; n-hexane (FOH), chloroform (FOC), ethyl acetate (FOE), n-butanol (FOB) and aqueous (FOA) were evaluated for the total phenolic and flavonoid content and in vitro antioxidant abilities. The antioxidant effect of FOM was determined by acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in Sprague-Dawley (Rattus novergicus) male rats. The methanol/fractions were also analysed by HPLC analysis for the presence of polyphenolics. RESULTS The total phenolic content of the samples ranged from 19.3 ± 0.529 to 106.2 ± 0.892 mg GAE/g extract while total flavonoid content 16.2 ± 0.881 to 50.1 ± 1.764 mg RTE/g extract, respectively. FOA showed highest radical scavenging activity for DPPH (IC50 = 55.2 ± 1.212 μg/ml), ABTS (IC50 = 90.2 ± 1.232 μg/ml) superoxide (IC50 = 37.1 ± 0.643 μg/ml) and for H2O2 (IC50 = 64 ± 1.463 μg/ml). FOE exhibited the highest antioxidant activities for phosphomolybdenum (IC50 = 78.2 ± 0.883 μg/ml) and for hydroxyl radical scavenging (IC50 = 82 ± 2.603 μg/ml). HPLC analysis of FOM and its derived fractions showed the presence of rutin, catechin and gallic acid. Elevated levels of AST, ALT, ALP, LDH and lipid profile in serum and lipid peroxidation and DNA damages in liver; while decreased activity level of CAT, SOD, GSH-Px, GR and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration induced with acetaminophen in rat were reverted towards the control group with co-administration of FOM. CONCLUSION Our results showed that F. olivieri is a potential source of natural antioxidants, which justifies its use in folklore medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Umbreen Rashid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, GC Women University Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rashid Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320 Pakistan
| | - Moniba Sajid
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320 Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Younis T, Khan MR, Sajid M. Protective effects of Fraxinus xanthoxyloides (Wall.) leaves against CCl 4 induced hepatic toxicity in rat. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:407. [PMID: 27776508 PMCID: PMC5078913 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1398-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leaves and root bark of Fraxinus xanthoxyloides Wall. (Oleaceae) are used locally for the treatment of jaundice, malaria and pneumonia. Decoction of stem, twigs and bark is used in pain, internal injuries, rheumatism and in bone fracture. In this investigation we have evaluated the methanol extract of leaves for its hepatoprotective potential against CCl4 induced hepatic injuries in rat. METHODS Powder of F. xanthoxyloides leaves was extracted with methanol (FXM) and subjected for the determination of polyphenolics through HPLC-DAD analysis. Sprague-Dawley (Rattus novergicus) male rats were divided into eight groups (six rats in each). Group I: non-treated control; Group II: vehicle treated (DMSO plus olive oil) while Group III- VI treated with 1 ml/kg body weight (bw) of CCl4 (30 % in olive oil) for 30 days (15 dosages) to induce the hepatic injuries. Group IV: treated with silymarin (100 mg/kg bw); Group V and VI with FXM (200, 400 mg/kg bw) on alternate days with CCl4 treatment. Group VII and VIII was administered with FXM (200, 400 mg/kg bw) alone (15 dosages). After 30 days the serum was evaluated for liver function enzymes and biochemical markers, liver samples for antioxidant enzymes, biochemical markers, comet assay and for histopathology. RESULTS HPLC-DAD analysis of FXM revealed the existence of rutin and caffeic acid. In CCl4 treated rats the level of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), total bilirubin was significantly increased while the albumin concentration in serum was decreased as compared to control group. The level of hepatic antioxidant enzymes, catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GSR) was significantly decreased against the control group. Further, significant decrease in GSH while increase in lipid peroxides (TBARS), H2O2, DNA damages and comet length was induced with CCl4 in hepatic tissues of rat. In contrast, co-administration of FXM and silymarin restored the biochemical and histopathological status of the liver. CONCLUSION Results of present investigation revealed that F. xanthoxyloides leaves possibly protect the liver against CCl4 induced injuries like silymarin by its antioxidant constituents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tahira Younis
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rashid Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320 Pakistan
| | - Moniba Sajid
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320 Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jan S, Khan MR. Protective effects of Monotheca buxifolia fruit on renal toxicity induced by CCl4 in rats. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:289. [PMID: 27530158 PMCID: PMC4988013 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1256-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is believed to be a root cause of various degenerative and fibrotic disorders. Dietary foods enrich in antioxidants can cure or curtail the progression of oxidative stress induced disorders. Fruit of Monotheca buxifolia is used locally for digestive and urinary tract disorders. We have evaluated the protective potential of the methanol extract of M. buxifolia (MBM) in rat exposed to carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) toxicity. METHODS Powder of the dried fruit of M. buxifolia was extracted twice with 95 % methanol to get the extract (MBM). Presence of polyphenolic constituents was detected by HPLC-DAD (High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detection) analysis. Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided in to six groups with six rats in each. Animals of Group I were kept control, while rats of Group II - Group V were treated intraperitoneally with 1 ml/kg body weight (bw) of CCl4 (30 % v/v; olive oil) 15 dosages in 30 days. Animals of Group III were orally administered silymarin (50 mg/kg bw) while Group IV and V with 200 and 400 mg/kg of MBM on next day of CCl4 treatment. Rats of Group VI were administered only with 400 mg/kg bw of MBM. Biochemical markers of the urine and serum were analyzed. Level of antioxidant enzymes, DNA damages lipid peroxides (TBARS), H2O2 and nitrite was assessed in renal tissues of rat. Histopathological changes in renal tissues of rat were also recorded. RESULTS HPLC-DAD analysis of MBM indicated the existence of gallic acid, catechin, caffeic acid and rutin. MBM administration significantly alleviated the toxic effect of CCl4 in rat and decreased the elevated level of RBCs, pus and epithelial cells, specific gravity, creatinine, urobilinogen, urea and albumin while increased the pH and urinary protein. Increase in the level of urobilinogen, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), urea and total bilirubin while decrease of albumin and total protein in serum was restored by the administration of MBM to CCl4 fed rat. Administration of MBM to CCl4 exposed rats significantly increased the activity level of phase I and phase II enzymes and GSH while decreased the level of TBARS, H2O2, nitrite and DNA damages in renal tissues of rat. Furthermore, histopathological alterations induced with CCl4 in renal tissues of rat were also diminished with the administration of MBM. CONCLUSION Restoration of various parameters induced with toxic insult of CCl4 in rat suggests the antioxidant and repairing potential of M. buxifolia fruit in kidney disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shumaila Jan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rashid Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320 Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Adeleke GE, Adaramoye OA. Modulatory role of betulinic acid in N-nitrosodimethylamine-induced hepatorenal toxicity in male Wistar rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 36:734-743. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327116661399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is a toxicant found in foods and drinking water. Several synthetic agents used in alleviation of NDMA toxicity have been associated with serious side effects. Therefore, a safe and less toxic agent is desirable. In this study, betulinic acid (BA), a triterpenoid antioxidant, is proposed as a better and alternative agent to modulate NDMA-induced toxicity. Twenty-four Wistar rats were assigned into four groups of six rats each and treated with normal saline (control), BA (25 mg/kg), NDMA (5 mg/kg) and (BA + NDMA). BA was given by oral gavage for 14 consecutive days, while NDMA was administered intraperitoneally on days 7 and 12. Results showed that administration of NDMA significantly ( p < 0.05) elevated the activities of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase by 51%, 48% and 81%, respectively. Also, NDMA intoxication significantly ( p < 0.05) increased the levels of serum urea and creatinine by 64% and 82%, respectively, and decreased urinary creatinine by 67%. In addition, administration of NDMA significantly ( p < 0.05) increased the levels of hepatic and renal DNA fragmentation by 44% and 61%, respectively, relative to control. The number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (mnPCEs) in NDMA-treated rats (11.1 ± 2.6 mnPCE/1000PCE) was significantly higher than control (4.3 ± 1.1 mnPCE/1000 PCE). Immunohistochemistry revealed strong expressions of Bcl-2 and nuclear p53 in NDMA-intoxicated rats. Interestingly, pretreatment with BA significantly ( p < 0.05) ameliorated NDMA-induced changes in serum biochemical indices, mnPCEs, DNA fragmentation and expressions of Bcl-2 and p53 proteins. These findings suggest that BA protects against NDMA-induced toxicity via anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- GE Adeleke
- Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - OA Adaramoye
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ganie SA, Ali Dar T, Zargar S, Bhat AH, Dar KB, Masood A, Zargar MA. Crataegus songarica methanolic extract accelerates enzymatic status in kidney and heart tissue damage in albino rats and its in vitro cytotoxic activity. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:1246-1254. [PMID: 26428528 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1066398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Crataegus songarica K. Koch (Rosaceae) has been used in folk medicine to treat various diseases. OBJECTIVE This study evaluates the effect of C. songarica methanol extract on the kidney and heart tissue damage of albino rats, and to determine cytotoxic activity of various extracts of songarica on various human cancer cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were divided into six groups, Group I received water only; Group II received CCl4 (1 mL/kg b wt) intraperitoneal; C. songarica extract (at doses of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg b wt) orally for 15 days. Cytotoxic activity was determined by SRB method using MCF-7, HeLa, HepG2, SF-295, SW480 and IMR-32 cell lines. RESULTS Compared with CCl4 group, administration of C. songarica extract at the dose of 300 mg/kg b wt, significantly decreases serum creatinine (59.74%), urea (40.23%) and cholesterol (54 mg/dL), MDA (0.007 nmol/mg protein) in kidney and (0.025 nmol/mg protein) in heart tissue, along with evaluation of GSH (209.79 ± 54.6), GR (111.45 ± 2.84), GPx (94.01 ± 14.80), GST (201.71) in kidney tissue and GSH (51.47 ± 1.47), GR (45.42 ± 6.69), GPx (77.19 ± 10.94), GST (49.89) in heart tissue. In addition, methanol, ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts exhibited potent anticancer activity on six cancer cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 28.57 to 85.106 µg/mL. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Crataegus songarica methanol extract has a potential antioxidant effect as it protects the kidney and heart tissue against CCl4-induced toxicity, prevents DNA damage and showed strong anticancer activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sabuhi Zargar
- b Department of Biochemistry , University of Kashmir , Srinagar , India
| | | | | | - Akbar Masood
- b Department of Biochemistry , University of Kashmir , Srinagar , India
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Khan RA, Khan MR, Sahreen S, Alkreathy HM. Effect of Launaea procumbens extract on oxidative marker, p53, and CYP 2E1: a randomized control study. Food Nutr Res 2016; 60:29790. [PMID: 26945232 PMCID: PMC4779325 DOI: 10.3402/fnr.v60.29790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethyl acetate extracts of Launaea procumbens is used for the treatment of liver dysfunction as an herbal medicine in Pakistan. In this study, the protective effects of ethyl acetate extracts were evaluated against CCl4-induced liver injuries in rat. METHODS To examine the protective effects against oxidative stress of carbon tetrachloride in rats, 30 male rats were equally divided into 5 groups (6 rats). Among five groups, one was treated with CCl4 (3 ml/kg i.p. in olive oil b.w.) twice a week for 4 weeks. Others were orally fed with extracts (100, 200 mg/kg b.w.), with CCl4 twice a week for 4 weeks. RESULTS Administration of CCl4 altered the serum marker enzymes, lipid profile, CYP 2E1, p53 expression, antioxidant enzymes, nuclear organizer regions (AgNORs), and DNA. Supplement of L. procumbens ameliorated the effects of CCl4, improved CYP 2E1, p53, and increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes while activity of liver marker enzymes (ALP, ALT, AST, g-GT) and contents of lipid per oxidation contents (TBARS), AgNORs, and DNA fragmentation were decreased. Similarly body weight was increased while liver and relative liver weight was decreased with co-administration of various extracts, suggesting that L. procumbens effectively protect liver against the CCl4-induced oxidative damage in rats. CONCLUSION The hepatoprotective and free radical scavenging effects might be due to the presence of bioactive constituents in the extract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahmat Ali Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Science and Technology Bannu, KPK, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Rashid Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sumaira Sahreen
- Botanical Sciences Division, Pakistan Museum of Natural History Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Huda Mohammad Alkreathy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Influence of green tea extract on oxidative damage and apoptosis induced by deltamethrin in rat brain. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2015; 50:23-31. [PMID: 26013673 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the protective effect of an aqueous extract of green tea leaves (GTE) against neurotoxicity and oxidative damage induced by deltamethrin (DM) in male rats. Four different groups of rats were used: the 1st group was the vehicle treated control group, the 2nd group received DM (0.6 mg/kg BW), the 3rd group received DM plus GTE, and the 4th received GTE alone (25 mg/kg BW). The brain tissues were collected at the end of the experimental regimen for subsequent investigation. Rats that were given DM had a highly significant elevation in MDA content, nitric oxide concentration, DNA fragmentation and expression level of apoptotic genes, TP53 and COX2. Additionally, a significant reduction in the total antioxidant capacity in the second group was detected. The findings for the 3rd group highlight the efficacy of GTE as a neuro-protectant in DM-induced neurotoxicity through improving the oxidative status and DNA fragmentation as well as suppressing the expression of the TP53 and COX2 genes. In conclusion, GTE, at a concentration of 25mg/kg/day, protected against DM-induced neurotoxicity through its antioxidant and antiapoptotic influence; therefore, it can be used as a protective natural product against DM-induced neurotoxicity.
Collapse
|
25
|
Umarani V, Muvvala S, Ramesh A, Lakshmi BVS, Sravanthi N. Rutin potentially attenuates fluoride-induced oxidative stress-mediated cardiotoxicity, blood toxicity and dyslipidemia in rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 2015; 25:143-9. [PMID: 25560802 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2014.1003359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to evaluate cardio protective effect of rutin against sodium fluoride (NaF)-induced oxidative stress-mediated cardiotoxicity and blood toxicity. Cardiac injury was induced by daily administration of NaF 600 ppm in distilled water for four weeks. The animals exposed to NaF exhibited a significant increase in levels of cardiac serum markers, lipid peroxidative markers, serum total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides and decrease in HDL levels. Decrease in hematological parameters, namely hemoglobin, red blood cells, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), MCH count and increase in white blood cells and erythrocyte sedimentation levels were also observed. Marked histopathological lesions and increased DNA fragmentation in cardiac tissues were observed. Activity of antioxidants-catalase, superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione contents were decreased (p < 0.01), whereas lipid peroxidation product (malondialdehyde) was increased. A significant decrease in body and heart weight was also observed. Treatment with rutin effectively ameliorated the alterations in the studied parameters of rat through its antioxidant nature. There was also significant improvement in hematological parameters. Thus, results of this study clearly demonstrated that treatment with rutin against NaF intoxication has a significant role in protecting F-induced cardiotoxicity, blood toxicity and dyslipidemia in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Umarani
- Department of Pharmacology, Malla Reddy College of Pharmacy, Dhulapally (via Hakimpet) , Secunderabad, Andhra Pradesh , India and
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Alkreathy HM, Khan RA, Khan MR, Sahreen S. CCl4 induced genotoxicity and DNA oxidative damages in rats: hepatoprotective effect of Sonchus arvensis. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 14:452. [PMID: 25412679 PMCID: PMC4251693 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sonchus arvesis is traditionally reported in various human ailments including hepatotoxicity in Pakistan. Presently we designed to assess the protective effects of methanolic extract of Sonchus arvesis against carbon tetrachloride induced genotoxicity and DNA oxidative damages in hepatic tissues of experimental rats. METHODS 36 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 6 groups to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of Sonchus arvensis against CCl4 induced genotoxicity, DNA damages and antioxidant depletion. Rats of normal control group were given free access of food and water add labitum. Group II rats received 3 ml/kg of CCl4 (30% in olive oil v/v) via the intraperitoneal route twice a week for four weeks. Group III and IV received 1 ml of 100 mg/kg b.w. and 200 mg/kg b.w. SME via gavage after 48 h of CCl4 treatment whereas group V was given 1 ml of silymarin (100 mg/kg b.w.) after 48 h of CCl4 treatment. Group VI only received 200 mg/kg b.w. SME. Protective effects of SME were checked by measuring serum markers, activities of antioxidant enzymes, genotoxicity and DNA dmages. RESULTS Results of the present study showed that treatment of SME reversed the activities of serum marker enzymes and cholesterol profile as depleted with CCl4 treatment. Activities of endogenous antioxidant enzymes of liver tissue homogenate; catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSHpx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GSR) were reduced with administration of CCl4, which were returned to the control level with SME treatment. CCl4-induced hepatic cirrhosis decreased hepatic glutathione (GSH) and increased lipid peroxidative products (TBARS), were normalized by treatment with SME. Moreover, administration of CCl4 caused genotoxicity and DNA fragmentation which were significantly restored towards the normal level with SME. CONCLUSION These results reveal that treatment of SME may be useful in the prevention of hepatic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huda Mohammad Alkreathy
- />Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudia Arabia
| | - Rahmat Ali Khan
- />Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudia Arabia
- />Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Bannu, Bannu KPK, 28100 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rashid Khan
- />Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sumaira Sahreen
- />Botanical Sciences Division, Pakistan Museum of Natural History Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Salama MF, Abbas A, Darweish MM, El-Hawwary AA, Al-Gayyar MMH. Hepatoprotective effects of cod liver oil against sodium nitrite toxicity in rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2013; 51:1435-43. [PMID: 23862714 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.796564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Exposure to high levels of nitrites for a prolonged time have adverse health effects on several organs especially the liver due to oxidative properties. Meanwhile, cod liver oil has been reported to ameliorate organ dysfunction in animal models that involve oxidative stress. OBJECTIVE Examine the impact of dietary cod liver oil on sodium nitrite-induced liver damage. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-two adult male Sprague-Dawely rats were daily treated with sodium nitrite (80 mg/kg) in presence or absence of cod liver oil (5 ml/kg). Morphological changes were assessed in liver sections. Oxidative stress and antioxidant markers were measured in serum and liver homogenates. Liver samples were used for measurements of MCP-1, DNA fragmentation and mitochondrial function. RESULTS The hepatoprotective effect of cod liver oil was proved by significant reduction of elevated liver enzymes and normal appearance of hepatocytes. Cod liver oil significantly reduced hepatic malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion (224.3 ± 18.9 nmol/g, 59.3 ± 5.1 and 62.5 ± 5.1 µmol/g, respectively) compared with sodium nitrite (332.5 ± 25.5 nmol/g, 83.1 ± 8.1 and 93.9 ± 6.5 µmol/g, respectively). Cod liver oil restored hepatic cytochrome c oxidase activity after 38% reduction by sodium nitrite. Furthermore, cod liver oil significantly reduced hepatic MCP-1 (79.8 pg/mg) and DNA fragmentation (13.8%) compared with sodium nitrite (168.7 pg/mg and 41.3%, respectively). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Cod liver oil ameliorates sodium nitrite induced hepatic impairment through several mechanisms including attenuation of oxidative stress, blocking MCP-1, reactivation of mitochondrial function and reduction of DNA fragmentation.
Collapse
|
28
|
Sahreen S, Khan MR, Khan RA. Ameliorating effect of various fractions of Rumex hastatus roots against hepato- and testicular toxicity caused by CCl4. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:325406. [PMID: 23766852 PMCID: PMC3666267 DOI: 10.1155/2013/325406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Effect of methanolic extract of Rumex hastatus roots (MRR) and its derived fractions, n-hexane (HRR), ethyl acetate (ERR), chloroform (CRR), butanol (BRR), and aqueous extract (ARR), was studied against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepato and testicular toxicity in rats. Intraperitoneal dose of 20 percent CCl4 (0.5 ml/kg bw) was administered twice a week for eight weeks to a group of rats. Other groups were given CCl4 and various fractions of R. hastatus roots (200 mg/kg bw). CCl4 treatment depleted glutathione contents and activities of antioxidant enzymes while increased the concentration of lipid peroxides (TBARS) along with corresponding DNA injuries and histopathological damages. Supplementation with various fractions of R. hastatus roots (200 mg/kg body weight) attenuated the toxicity of CCl4 in liver and testis tissues through improvement in the serological, enzymatic, and histological parameters towards the normal. Posttreatment of R. hastatus roots (200 mg/kg body weight) also reversed the alteration in reproductive hormonal secretions and DNA damages in CCl4 treated rats. The results clearly demonstrated that R. hastatus treatment augments the antioxidants defense mechanism and provides the evidence that it may have a therapeutic role in free radical mediated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumaira Sahreen
- Botanical Sciences Division, Pakistan Museum of Natural History, Garden Avenue, Shakarparian, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rashid Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Rahmat Ali Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Bannu, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 28100, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Khan RA, Khan MR, Sahreen S. Attenuation of CCl4-induced hepatic oxidative stress in rat by Launaea procumbens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:319-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2010] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
30
|
Khan RA, Khan MR, Sahreen S, Ahmed M, Shah NA. Carbon tetrachloride-induced lipid peroxidation and hyperglycemia in rat: a novel study. Toxicol Ind Health 2013; 31:546-53. [PMID: 23416881 DOI: 10.1177/0748233713475503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Launaea procumbens methanol extract (LPME) was evaluated against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced pancreatic oxidative damage and hyperglycemia in rats. Various doses of the extract were administered to rats after 48 h of CCl4 treatment (3 ml/kg bodyweight (bw); intraperitoneally, 20% CCl4/olive oil) twice a week for 4 weeks. Coadministration of various concentrations of LPME (100, 150 and 200 mg/kg) ameliorated the toxicity of CCl4 and reversed the serum level of enzymes (amylase and lipase), glucose and hormone (insulin). The extract was able to reduce thiobarbituric acid reactive substance but increased the glutathione contents in pancreatic tissue. Depletion of antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione-S-reductase) and DNA damages induced with CCl4 were restored by LPME supplement. It is suggested that LPME effectively protects the liver against the CCl4-induced oxidative damage in rats, possibly through antioxidant and/or free radical scavenging effects of flavonoids and phenolic compounds in the extract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahmat Ali Khan
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology Bannu, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rashid Khan
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sumaira Sahreen
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmed
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology Bannu, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Naseer Ali Shah
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Khan RA, Khan MR, Sahreen S. Protective effects of Sonchus asper against KBrO3 induced lipid peroxidation in rats. Lipids Health Dis 2012; 11:164. [PMID: 23186106 PMCID: PMC3544701 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-11-164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sonchus asper is traditionally used in Pakistan for the treatment of reproductive dysfunction and oxidative stress. The present investigation was aimed to evaluate chloroform extract of Sonchus asper (SACE) against potassium bromate-induced reproductive stress in male rats. METHODS 20 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) potassium bromate (KBrO3) was induced in 36 rats for four weeks and checked the protective efficacy of SACE at various hormonal imbalances, alteration of antioxidant enzymes, and DNA fragmentation levels. High performance chromatography (HPLC) was used for determination of bioactive constituents responsible. RESULTS The level of hormonal secretion was significantly altered by potassium bromate. DNA fragmentation%, activity of antioxidant enzymes; catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and phase II metabolizing enzymes viz; glutathione reductase (GSR), glutathione peroxidase (GSHpx), glutathione-S-tansase (GST) and reduced glutathione (GSH) was decreased while hydrogen per oxide contents and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were increased with KBrO3 treatment. Treatment with SACE effectively ameliorated the alterations in the biochemical markers; hormonal and molecular levels while HPLC characterization revealed the presence of catechin, kaempferol, rutin and quercetin. CONCLUSION Protective effects of Sonchus asper vs. KBrO3 induced lipid peroxidation might be due to bioactive compound present in SACE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahmat Ali Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Science and Technology Bannu, Bannu, Pakistan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Khan RA, Khan MR, Sahreen S. Protective effects of rutin against potassium bromate induced nephrotoxicity in rats. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 12:204. [PMID: 23116356 PMCID: PMC3552874 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rutin, a polyphenolic flavonoid, was investigated for its protective effects against the KBrO(3) induced renal injuries in rat. METHODS Group I was control (untreated), group II was given saline 0.5 ml/kg bw (0.9% NaCl), group III was administered KBrO(3) (20 mg/kg bw) intragastric twice a week for four weeks. Rutin was administered to group VI (50 mg/kg bw) and Group V (70 mg/kg bw) along with KBrO(3) (20 mg/kg bw) while group VI was given rutin (70 mg/kg bw) alone twice a week for four weeks. Protective effects of rutin on KBrO(3)-induced nephrotoxicity in rats were determined for biochemical parameter of urine, and serum, various antioxidant enzymes, DNA and histopathological damages in kidneys. RESULTS The level of urinary red blood cells, leucocytes count, specific gravity, urea, creatinine and urobilinogen was increased (P<0.01) whereas creatinine clearance was reduced. Serum level of protein, albumin, globulin, nitrite, creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was significantly increased (P<0.01) by KBrO(3). Marked histopathological lesions, elevated DNA fragmentation and AgNORs count in renal tissues was determined. Activity of antioxidant enzymes; catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione reductase, and reduced glutathione contents were decreased (P<0.01) while thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were increased (P<0.01) with KBrO(3) treatment in kidneys. DNA ladder assay was intimately related with the DNA fragmentation assay. Telomerase activity was found positive in the KBrO(3) treated kidneys. Treatment with rutin effectively ameliorated the alterations in the studied parameters of rat. Rutin administration alone to rats did not exhibit any significant change in any of the parameters studied. CONCLUSION These results suggest that rutin works as an antioxidant in vivo by scavenging reactive oxygen species and this serves to prevent oxidative renal damage in rat treated with KBrO(3).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahmat Ali Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Bannu, Khyber Pakutunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhamad Rashid Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sumaira Sahreen
- Botanical Sciences Division, Pakistan Museum of Natural History, Garden Avenue, Shakarparian, Islamabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Khan RA. Protective effects of Sonchus asper (L.) Hill, (Asteraceae) against CCl(4-)induced oxidative stress in the thyroid tissue of rats. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 12:181. [PMID: 23043630 PMCID: PMC3485175 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sonchus asper (L.) Hill, (Asteraceae) is used in Pakistan as a traditional ("folk") medicine for the treatment of hormonal disorders and oxidative stress. The present study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Sonchus asper (L.) Hill, (Asteraceae) methanolic extract (SAME) on hormonal dysfunction in thyroid tissue after carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced oxidative stress. METHODS To examine the effects of SAME against the oxidative stress of CCl4 in thyroid tissue, 30 male albino rats were used. Protective effects of SAME were observed on thyroid hormonal levels, activities of antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and DNA damage. RESULTS Treatment with CCl4 significantly (P<0.01) reduced the levels of T3 and T4 and increased TSH levels. CCl4 exposure in rats reduced the activities of antioxidant enzymes but increased lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. Co-administration of SAME significantly (P<0.01) improved these alterations with respect to hormonal levels, activities of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation close to those seen in control rats. CONCLUSION These results suggest that SAME can protect thyroid tissue against oxidative damage, possibly through the antioxidant effects of its bioactive compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahmat Ali Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Bannu, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Khan RA, Khan MR, Sahreen S. CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity: protective effect of rutin on p53, CYP2E1 and the antioxidative status in rat. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 12:178. [PMID: 23043521 PMCID: PMC3519517 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rutin is a polyphenolic natural flavonoid which possesses antioxidant and anticancer activity. In the present study the hepatoprotective effect of rutin was evaluated against carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)-induced liver injuries in rats. METHODS AND MATERIALS 24 Sprague-Dawley male rats were equally divided into 4 groups for the assessment of hepatoprotective potential of rutin. Rats of group I (control) received only vehicles; 1 ml/kg bw of saline (0.85%) and olive oil (3 ml/kg) and had free access to food and water. Rats of group II, III and IV were treated with CCl₄ (30% in olive oil, 3 ml/kg bw) via the intraperitoneal route twice a week for four weeks. The rutin at the doses of 50 and 70 mg/kg were administered intragastrically after 48 h of CCl₄ treatment to group III and IV, respectively. Protective effect of rutin on serum enzyme level, lipid profile, activities of antioxidant enzymes and molecular markers were calculated in CCl₄-induced hepatotoxicity in rat. RESULTS Rutin showed significant protection with the depletion of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT) in serum as was raised by the induction of CCl₄. Concentration of serum triglycerides, total cholesterol and low density lipoproteins was increased while high-density lipoprotein was decreased with rutin in a dose dependent manner. Activity level of endogenous liver antioxidant enzymes; catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSHpx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GSR) and glutathione (GSH) contents were increased while lipid peroxidation (TBARS) was decreased dose dependently with rutin. Moreover, increase in DNA fragmentation and oxo8dG damages while decrease in p53 and CYP 2E1 expression induced with CCl₄ was restored with the treatment of rutin. CONCLUSION From these results, it is suggested that rutin possesses hepatoprotective properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahmat A Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Bannu, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad R Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sumaira Sahreen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Botanical Science Divisions, Pakistan Museum of Natural History, Islamabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Khan RA. Protective effects of Launaea procumbens on rat testis damage by CCl4. Lipids Health Dis 2012; 11:103. [PMID: 22913836 PMCID: PMC3494576 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-11-103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditionally various human diseases of kidneys, hormonal imbalance and sexual diseases are treated with Launaea procumbens (L). In the present study protective effects of methanolic extract of Launaea procumbens (LPME) was evaluated against CCl4-induced oxidative damages in rat testis. METHODS To examine the protective effects of Launaea procumbens on testis against oxidative stress of carbon tetrachloride in male rat, 30 male albino rats were equally divided into 5 groups (6 rats). First group was given standard diet and drinking water. Second group received CCl4 3 ml/kg intraperitoneally (30% in olive oil). Third and forth were given orally 100; 200 mg/kg b.w., in 99.8% dimethyl sulphooxide (DMSO), Launaea procumbens methanolic extracts (LPME) after 48 h of CCl4 treatment twice a week and sixth group received only LPME in DMSO at a dose of 200 mg/kg b.w., for four weeks. Protective effects of Launaea procumbens were observed on sperm concentration, motility and morphology, serum reproductive hormonal level, activity of antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and DNA damages. RESULTS Results of the present study revealed that treatment of CCl4 significantly (p < 0.01) reduced sperm concentration and motility comparatively to controls. Level of testosterone, luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone, were depleted markedly (p <0.01) with treatment of CCl4. In addition, CCl4 induction in rats reduced activities of antioxidant enzymes while increased lipid peroxidation and DNA damages. Co-administration of LPME significantly (p <0.01) improved these alterations in improving of hormonal level, activities of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation near to control rats. CONCLUSION From the results it is suggested that Launaea procumbens methanolic extract has the ability to protect testis against oxidative damages, possibly through antioxidant effects of its bioactive compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahmat Ali Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Bannu, Bannu, KPK, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Khan RA. Protective effect of Launaea procumbens (L.) on lungs against CCl4-induced pulmonary damages in rat. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 12:133. [PMID: 22909101 PMCID: PMC3522065 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Launaea procumbens (L.) is traditionally used in the treatment of various human ailments including pulmonary damages. The present study was arranged to evaluate the role of Launaea procumbens methanol extract (LME) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced oxidative pulmonary damages in rat. METHODS 36 Sprague-Dawley male rats (170-180 g) were randomly divided into 06 groups. After a week of acclamization, group I was remained untreated while group II was given olive oil intraperitoneally (i.p.) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) orally, groups III, IV, V and VI were administered CCl4, 3 ml/kg body weight (30% in olive oil i.p.). Groups IV, V were treated with 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg of LME whereas group VI was administered with 50 mg/kg body weight of rutin (RT) after 48 h of CCl4 treatment for four weeks. Antioxidant profile in lungs were evaluated by estimating the activities of antioxidant enzymes; catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GSR), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), quinone reductase (QR) and reduced glutathione (GSH). CCl4-induced lipid peroxidation was determined by measuring the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) with conjugation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damages, argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) counts and histopathology. RESULTS Administration of CCl4 for 6 weeks significantly (p < 0.01) reduced the activities of antioxidant enzymes and GSH concentration while increased TBARS contents and DNA damages in lung samples. Co-treatment of LME and rutin restored the activities of antioxidant enzymes and GSH contents. Changes in TBARS concentration and DNA fragmentation were significantly (p < 0.01) decreased with the treatment of LME and rutin in lung. Changes induced with CCl4 in histopathology of lungs were significantly reduced with co-treatment of LME and rutin. CONCLUSION Results of present study revealed that LME could protect the lung tissues against CCl4-induced oxidative stress possibly by improving the antioxidant defence system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahmat Ali Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Bannu, Bannu, KPK, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Khan RA, Khan MR, Ahmed M, Sahreen S, Shah NA, Shah MS, Bokhari J, Rashid U, Ahmad B, Jan S. Hepatoprotection with a chloroform extract of Launaea procumbens against CCl4-induced injuries in rats. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 12:114. [PMID: 22862950 PMCID: PMC3492157 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Launaea procumbens (Asteraceae) is used as a folk medicine to treat hepatic disorders in Pakistan. The effect of a chloroform extract of Launaea procumbens (LPCE) was evaluated against carbon-tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage in rats. METHODS To evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of LPCE, 36 male Sprague-Dawley rats were equally divided into six groups. Animals of group 1 (control) had free access to food and water. Group II received 3 ml/kg of CCl4 (30% in olive oil v/v) via the intraperitoneal route twice a week for 4 weeks. Group III received 1 ml of silymarin via gavage (100 mg/kg b.w.) after 48 h of CCl4 treatment whereas groups IV and V were given 1 ml of LPCE (100 and 200 mg/kg b.w., respectively) after 48 h of CCl4 treatment. Group VI received 1 ml of LPCE (200 mg/kg b.w.) twice a week for 4 weeks. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes catalase, peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GSR), glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)) were measured in liver homogenates. DNA damage, argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) counts and histopathology were studied in liver samples. Serum was analyzed for various biochemical parameters. Phytochemical composition in LPCE was determined through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS LPCE inhibited lipid peroxidation, and reduced the activities of aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase in serum induced by CCl4. GSH contents were increased as were the activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, SOD, GST, GSR, GSH-Px) when altered due to CCl4 hepatotoxicity. Similarly, absolute liver weight, relative liver weight and the number of hepatic lesions were reduced with co-administration of LPCE. Phyochemical analyses of LPCE indicated that it contained catechin, kaempferol, rutin, hyperoside and myricetin. CONCLUSION These results indicated that Launaea procumbens efficiently protected against the hepatotoxicity induced by CCl4 in rats, possibly through the antioxidant effects of flavonoids present in LPCE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahmat A Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Bannu KPK, Bannu, Pakistan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad R Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmed
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Bannu KPK, Bannu, Pakistan
| | - Sumaira Sahreen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Botanical Sciences Division, Pakistan Museum of Natural History, Garden Avenue, Shakarparian, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Naseer A Shah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mir Sadiq Shah
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Bannu KPK, Bannu, Pakistan
| | - Jasia Bokhari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Umbreen Rashid
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shumaila Jan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Khan RA, Khan MR, Sahreen S, Shah NA. Hepatoprotective activity of Sonchus asper against carbon tetrachloride-induced injuries in male rats: a randomized controlled trial. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 12:90. [PMID: 22776436 PMCID: PMC3457902 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sonchus asper (SAME) is used as a folk medicine in hepatic disorders. In this study, the hepatoprotective effects of the methanol extract of SAME was evaluated against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injuries in rats. METHODS To evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of SAME, 36 male Sprague-Dawley rats were equally divided into 6 groups. Rats of Group I (control) were given free access to approved feed and water. Rats of Group II were injected intraperitoneally with CCl4 (3 ml/kg) as a 30% solution in olive oil (v/v) twice a week for 4 weeks. Animals of Groups III (100 mg/kg) and IV (200 mg/kg) received SAME, whereas those of Group V were given silymarin via gavage (100 mg/kg) after 48 h of CCl4 treatment. Group VI received SAME (200 mg/kg) twice a week for 4 weeks without CCl4 treatment. Various parameters, such as the serum enzyme levels, serum biochemical marker levels, antioxidant enzyme activities, and liver histopathology were used to estimate the hepatoprotective efficacy of SAME. RESULTS The administration of SAME and silymarin significantly lowered the CCl4-induced serum levels of hepatic marker enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase), cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides while elevating high-density lipoprotein levels. The hepatic contents of glutathione and activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, and glutathione reductase were reduced. The levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances that were increased by CCl4 were brought back to control levels by the administration of SAME and silymarin. Liver histopathology showed that SAME reduced the incidence of hepatic lesions induced by CCl4 in rats. CONCLUSION SAME may protect the liver against CCl4-induced oxidative damage in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahmat A Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Bannu, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad R Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sumaira Sahreen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Botanical Sciences Division, Pakistan Museum of Natural History, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Naseer Ali Shah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Khan MR, Badar I, Siddiquah A. Prevention of hepatorenal toxicity with Sonchus asper in gentamicin treated rats. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 11:113. [PMID: 22082144 PMCID: PMC3305921 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-11-113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Sonchus asper possesses antioxidant capacity and is used in liver and kidney disorders. We have investigated the preventive effect of methanolic extract of Sonchus asper (SAME) on the gentamicin induced alterations in biochemical and morphological parameters in liver and kidneys of Sprague-Dawley male rat. Methods Acute oral toxicity studies were performed for selecting the therapeutic dose of SAME. 30 Sprague-Dawley male rats were equally divided into five groups with 06 animals in each. Group I received saline (0.5 ml/kg bw; 0.9% NaCl) while Group II administered with gentamicin 0.5 ml (100 mg/kg bw; i.p.) for ten days. Animals of Group III and Group IV received gentamicin and SAME 0.5 ml at a dose of 100 mg/kg bw and 200 mg/kg bw, respectively while Group V received only SAME at a dose of 200 mg/kg bw. Biochemical parameters including aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), γ-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT), total cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, albumin, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total bilirubin and direct bilirubin were determined in serum collected from various groups. Urinary out puts were measured in each group and also assessed for the level of protein and glucose. Lipid peroxides (TBARS), glutathione (GSH), DNA injuries and activities of antioxidant enzymes; catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined in liver and renal samples. Histopathological studies of liver and kidneys were also carried out. Results On the basis of acute oral toxicity studies, 2000 mg/kg bw did not induce any toxicity in rats, 1/10th of the dose was selected for preventive treatment. Gentamicin increased the level of serum biomarkers; AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, γ-GT, total cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, albumin, creatinine, BUN, total and direct bilirubin; as were the urinary level of protein, glucose, and urinary output. Lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and DNA injuries increased while GSH contents and activities of antioxidant enzymes; CAT, POD, SOD decreased with gentamicin in liver and kidney samples. SAME administration, dose dependently, prevented the alteration in biochemical parameters and were supported by low level of tubular and glomerular injuries induced with gentamicin. Conclusion These results suggested the preventive role of SAME for gentamicin induced toxicity that could be attributed by phytochemicals having antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties.
Collapse
|
40
|
Sahreen S, Khan MR, Khan RA. WITHDRAWN: Estimation of flavonoids and evaluation of protective effect of Carissa opaca Stapf ex Haines fruit against CCl(4) induced nephrotoxicity in rat. Food Chem Toxicol 2011:S0278-6915(11)00561-8. [PMID: 22051185 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Revised: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumaira Sahreen
- Botanical Sciences Division, Pakistan Museum of Natural History, Garden Avenue, Shakarparian, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Waheed A, Barker J, Barton SJ, Khan GM, Najm-Us-Saqib Q, Hussain M, Ahmed S, Owen C, Carew MA. Novel acylated steroidal glycosides from Caralluma tuberculata induce caspase-dependent apoptosis in cancer cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 137:1189-96. [PMID: 21820042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Revised: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Pregnane glycosides are potent cytotoxic agents which may represent new leads in the development of anti-tumour drugs, particularly in the treatment of breast cancer, because of the structural similarity to estrogenic agonists. Caralluma species are natural sources of a wide variety of pregnane glycosides. The aim of the study was to isolate, using an activity-guided fractionation approach, novel pregnane glycosides for testing on breast cancer and other tumour lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of crude extracts, specific organic fractions and isolated compounds from Caralluma tuberculata was tested on the growth and viability of MCF-7 estrogen-dependent, and MDA-MB-468 estrogen-independent breast cancer cells, Caco-2 human colonic cells, HUVECs and U937 cells. Neutral red uptake and MTT assays were used. Apoptosis was detected by Western blot of poly-(ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP) as were other markers of nuclear fragmentation (DNA ladder assay, staining of cells with nuclear dye DAPI). The involvement of caspases was investigated using the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK. RESULTS The ethyl acetate fraction of Caralluma tuberculata was found to be the most potent anti-proliferative fraction against all three cancer cell lines. Two novel steroidal glycosides were isolated from the active fraction after a series of chromatographic experiments. The structure of the isolated compounds was elucidated solely based on 2D-NMR (HMBC, HETCOR, DQF-COSY) and MS spectral analysis as compound 1: 12-O-benzoyl-20-O-acetyl-3β,12β,14β,20β-tetrahydroxy-pregnan-3-ylO-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-3-methoxy-β-D-ribopyranoside, and as compound 2: 7-O-acetyl-12-O-benzoyl-3β,7β,12β,14β-tetrahydroxy-17β-(3-methylbutyl-O-acetyl-1-yl)-androstan-3-ylO-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-6-deoxy-β-D-allopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-D-cymaropyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-D-cymapyranosyl-(1→ 4)-β-D-cymaropyranoside. Compound 1 (pregnane glycoside) and compound 2 (androstan glycoside) induced apoptosis at <25 μM after 48 h as assessed by cell shrinkage, PARP cleavage, DNA fragmentation, and reversal with the caspase inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS Two novel steroid glycosides isolated from Caralluma tuberculata possess moderate, micromolar cytotoxic activity on breast cancer and other cells in vitro, which may indicate a source of activity in vivo of interest to future drug design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Waheed
- School of Pharmacy & Chemistry, Kingston University, Penryhn Road, Kingston Upon Thames, Surrey KT1 2EE, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Khan RA, Khan MR, Sahreen S. Protective effect of Sonchus asper extracts against experimentally induced lung injuries in rats: a novel study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 64:725-31. [PMID: 21315567 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2011.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Revised: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, protective effects of methanol extract (SAME) were evaluated against carbon tetrachloride induced oxidative stress in lungs. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were orally fed with various doses (100, 200 mg/kg body weight) of SAME and (50 mg/kg body weight) of rutin after 48 h of CCl(4) treatment (3 ml/kg body weight, 30% in olive oil) biweekly for 4 weeks. The results showed that administration of extracts and rutin significantly restored lung contents of reduced glutathione and activities of catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione reductase, quinine reductase were reduced while lipid peroxide, hydrogen peroxide, nitrite, DNA fragmentation% and activity of γ-glutamyl transferase, increased by CCl(4), were reversed towards the control levels by the supplement of Sonchus asper extracts and rutin. Lung histopathology showed that S. asper extracts and rutin reduced the incidence of lung lesions induced by CCl(4) in rats. These results suggest that S. asper fractions and rutin could protect lung against the CCl(4)-induced oxidative damage in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahmat Ali Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Bannu, Khyber Pukhtunkhawa, Pakistan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Khan RA, Khan MR, Sahreen S, Bokhari J. Prevention of CCl4-induced nephrotoxicity with Sonchus asper in rat. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:2469-76. [PMID: 20550952 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2010] [Revised: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 06/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Sonchus asper (SA) is locally used in renal aliments. The present work investigated the antioxidant effects of S. asper methanolic extract (SAME) against CCl(4)-induced nephrotoxicity in Sprague-Dawley male rats. CCl(4) (3 ml/kg b.w., i.p.; 30% in olive oil) biweekly for 4 weeks induced lipid peroxidation, as reflected by significant increase of TBARS; diminished the renal antioxidant defenses, as revealed by a decrease of the level of GSH, CAT, SOD, GST, GSR, GSH-Px and QR while elevated the level of gamma-GT, H(2)O(2) and nitrite contents. CCl(4) caused histopathological injuries and significantly increased the renal AgNORs count and DNA damage. Telomerase activity in kidney was determined positive with CCl(4) treatment. Creatinine, urobilinogen and urea concentration was increased whereas creatinine clearance was decreased in serum and urine. Level of protein and albumin was increased in urine while reduced in serum. Serum level of nitrite was increased with CCl(4) treatment. Treatment of rats with SAME (100, 200mg/kg b.w.) effectively ameliorated the alterations induced with CCl(4) in lipid peroxidation, antioxidant defenses, biochemical markers, genotoxicity and renal lesions. The present data suggests that SAME protect the kidneys possibly by alleviating the oxidative stress induced with CCl(4) in rat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahmat Ali Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 4400, Pakistan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Khan RA, Khan MR, Sahreen S. Evaluation of Launaea procumbens use in renal disorders: a rat model. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 128:452-461. [PMID: 20096342 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2009] [Revised: 07/23/2009] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Carbon tetrachloride exerts its toxicity in rat kidneys through oxidative stress. Launaea procumbens is used ethnopharmacologically in renal disorders. Its methanolic, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane fractions were evaluated against CCl(4)-induced nephrotoxicity in rat. MATERIALS AND METHODS Among 16 groups, one was given CCl(4) of 3ml/kg body weight (30% in olive oil i.p.) twice a week for 4 weeks. Others were orally fed with extracts (100, 200mg/kg b.w.) or rutin (50mg/kg b.w.) after 48h of CCl(4) or 200mg/kg b.w. of extracts without CCl(4)-treatment twice a week for 4 weeks. RESULTS CCl(4) exposure led to a significant oxidative stress in kidneys which was remarkably attenuated with co-administration of various fractions and rutin thereby increased the level of CAT, POD, SOD, GSH, GSR, GST, GSH-Px, quinone reductase, while reduced the xanthine oxidase, gamma-GT, TBARS, H(2)O(2), nitrite, tissue proteins and DNA fragmentation%. Ameliorated effects of fractions and rutin were also recorded for the function of kidneys and the level of urobilinogen, urea, albumin, creatinine, RBC and WBC in urine were decreased. Serum level of creatinine, urobilinogen, BUN, direct bilirubin, total bilirubin and globulin were decreased while total proteins, albumin and creatinine clearance were increased with fractions and rutin. Protective effects of rutin and fractions were also evident on histopathology by reducing glomerular atrophy, tubular degeneration, congestion of blood capillaries, necrosis of epithelium and edema. Similarly body weight was increased while kidney and relative kidney weight was decreased with co-administration of fractions and rutin. CONCLUSION It is suggested that Launaea procumbens effectively protect kidneys against the CCl(4)-induced oxidative damage in rats, through antioxidant and free radical scavenging effects of flavonoids and saponins present in the fractions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahmat Ali Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, 4400 Pakistan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Khan MR, Rizvi W, Khan GN, Khan RA, Shaheen S. Carbon tetrachloride-induced nephrotoxicity in rats: protective role of Digera muricata. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 122:91-99. [PMID: 19118616 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2008] [Revised: 11/05/2008] [Accepted: 12/04/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Digera muricata is used in renal disorders in folk medicine. Generation of reactive radicals has been implicated in carbon tetrachloride-induced nephrotoxicity, which are involved in lipid peroxidation, accumulation of dysfunctional proteins, leading to injuries in kidneys. The present study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Digera muricata on the kidney function in CCl(4)-induced injuries. CCl(4) treatment (5 ml/kg body wt., i.p. CCl(4):olive oil; 1:9) significantly increased the level of urine creatinine, protein, nitrite, urobilinogen, red blood cells (RBCs), leucocytes count, and levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Level of proteins and DNA fragmentation %, argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) count in renal tissues was also significantly increased. Activity of antioxidant enzymes; catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione (GSH) were decreased while thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARSs) were increased with CCl(4) treatment. DNA ladder assay was intimately related with the DNA fragmentation assay. Telomerase activity was determined in the CCl(4)-treated renal tissue homogenate. Treatment with n-hexane (HDMP) and methanolic (MDMP) extracts of Digera muricata (200 and 250 mg/kg body wt., oral, respectively) effectively attenuated the alterations in the biochemical markers, telomerase activity was inhibited and confirms the restoration of normalcy and accredits the protective role of Digera muricata against CCl(4)-induced nephrotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad R Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 4400, Pakistan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|