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Cabrera-Aguas M, Chidi-Egboka N, Kandel H, Watson SL. Antimicrobial resistance in ocular infection: A review. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2024; 52:258-275. [PMID: 38494451 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.14377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health threat with significant impact on treatment outcomes. The World Health Organization's Global Action Plan on AMR recommended strengthening the evidence base through surveillance programs and research. Comprehensive, timely data on AMR for organisms isolated from ocular infections are needed to guide treatment decisions and inform researchers and microbiologists of emerging trends. This article aims to provide an update on the development of AMR in ocular organisms, AMR in bacterial ocular infections and on AMR stewardship programs globally. The most common ocular pathogens are Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae in ocular infections. A variety of studies and a few surveillance programs worldwide have reported on AMR in these infections over time. Fluoroquinolone resistance has increased particularly in Asia and North America. For conjunctivitis, the ARMOR cumulative study in the USA reported a slight decrease in resistance to ciprofloxacin. For keratitis, resistance to methicillin has remained stable for S. aureus and CoNS, while resistance to ciprofloxacin has decreased for MRSA globally. Methicillin-resistance and multidrug resistance are also emerging, requiring ongoing monitoring. Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programmes have a critical role in reducing the threat of AMR and improving treatment outcomes. To be successful AMS must be informed by up-to-date AMR surveillance data. As a profession it is timely for ophthalmology to act to prevent AMR leading to greater visual loss through supporting surveillance programmes and establishing AMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cabrera-Aguas
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Eye Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ngozi Chidi-Egboka
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Himal Kandel
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephanie L Watson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Eye Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Hou L, Ye M, Wang X, Zhu Y, Sun X, Gu R, Chen L, Fang B. Synergism with Shikimic Acid Restores β-Lactam Antibiotic Activity against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Molecules 2024; 29:1528. [PMID: 38611807 PMCID: PMC11013880 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has evolved into a dangerous pathogen resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics (BLAs) and has become a worrisome superbug. In this study, a strategy in which shikimic acid (SA), which has anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activity, is combined with BLAs to restart BLA activity was proposed for MRSA treatment. The synergistic effects of oxacillin combined with SA against oxacillin resistance in vitro and in vivo were investigated. The excellent synergistic effect of the oxacillin and SA combination was confirmed by performing the checkerboard assay, time-killing assay, live/dead bacterial cell viability assay, and assessing protein leakage. SEM showed that the cells in the control group had a regular, smooth, and intact surface. In contrast, oxacillin and SA or the combination treatment group exhibited different degrees of surface collapse. q-PCR indicated that the combination treatment group significantly inhibited the expression of the mecA gene. In vivo, we showed that the combination treatment increased the survival rate and decreased the bacterial load in mice. These results suggest that the combination of oxacillin with SA is considered an effective treatment option for MRSA, and the combination of SA with oxacillin in the treatment of MRSA is a novel strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Minqi Ye
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yifan Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xueyan Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ruiheng Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Liangzhu Chen
- Guangdong Wenshi Dahuanong Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yunfu 510610, China
| | - Binghu Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Bārzdiņa A, Plotniece A, Sobolev A, Pajuste K, Bandere D, Brangule A. From Polymeric Nanoformulations to Polyphenols-Strategies for Enhancing the Efficacy and Drug Delivery of Gentamicin. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:305. [PMID: 38666981 PMCID: PMC11047640 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13040305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Gentamicin is an essential broad-spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic that is used in over 40 clinical conditions and has shown activity against a wide range of nosocomial, biofilm-forming, multi-drug resistant bacteria. Nevertheless, the low cellular penetration and serious side effects of gentamicin, as well as the fear of the development of antibacterial resistance, has led to a search for ways to circumvent these obstacles. This review provides an overview of the chemical and pharmacological properties of gentamicin and offers six different strategies (the isolation of specific types of gentamicin, encapsulation in polymeric nanoparticles, hydrophobization of the gentamicin molecule, and combinations of gentamicin with other antibiotics, polyphenols, and natural products) that aim to enhance the drug delivery and antibacterial activity of gentamicin. In addition, factors influencing the synthesis of gentamicin-loaded polymeric (poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and chitosan) nanoparticles and the methods used in drug release studies are discussed. Potential research directions and future perspectives for gentamicin-loaded drug delivery systems are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ance Bārzdiņa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riga Stradins University, 21 Konsula Str., LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; (A.P.)
- Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Aiva Plotniece
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riga Stradins University, 21 Konsula Str., LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; (A.P.)
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, 21 Aizkraukles Str., LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (A.S.); (K.P.)
| | - Arkadij Sobolev
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, 21 Aizkraukles Str., LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (A.S.); (K.P.)
| | - Karlis Pajuste
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, 21 Aizkraukles Str., LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (A.S.); (K.P.)
| | - Dace Bandere
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riga Stradins University, 21 Konsula Str., LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; (A.P.)
- Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Agnese Brangule
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riga Stradins University, 21 Konsula Str., LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; (A.P.)
- Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
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Chen C, Chen L, Mao C, Jin L, Wu S, Zheng Y, Cui Z, Li Z, Zhang Y, Zhu S, Jiang H, Liu X. Natural Extracts for Antibacterial Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306553. [PMID: 37847896 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria-induced epidemics and infectious diseases are seriously threatening the health of people around the world. In addition, antibiotic therapy has been inducing increasingly more serious bacterial resistance, which makes it urgent to develop new treatment strategies to combat bacteria, including multidrug-resistant bacteria. Natural extracts displaying antibacterial activity and good biocompatibility have attracted much attention due to greater concerns about the safety of synthetic chemicals and emerging drug resistance. These antibacterial components can be isolated and utilized as antimicrobials, as well as transformed, combined, or wrapped with other substances by using modern assistive technologies to fight bacteria synergistically. This review summarizes recent advances in natural extracts from three kinds of sources-plants, animals, and microorganisms-for antibacterial applications. This work discusses the corresponding antibacterial mechanisms and the future development of natural extracts in antibacterial fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuihong Chen
- Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
- School of Health Science & Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Xiping Avenue 5340#, Tianjin, 300401, China
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Peking University, Yiheyuan Road 5#, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
- School of Health Science & Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Xiping Avenue 5340#, Tianjin, 300401, China
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Peking University, Yiheyuan Road 5#, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Congyang Mao
- Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Liguo Jin
- Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Peking University, Yiheyuan Road 5#, Beijing, 100871, China
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, the Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology by the Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135#, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Shuilin Wu
- Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Peking University, Yiheyuan Road 5#, Beijing, 100871, China
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, the Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology by the Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135#, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Peking University, Yiheyuan Road 5#, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhenduo Cui
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, the Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology by the Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135#, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhaoyang Li
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, the Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology by the Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135#, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shengli Zhu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, the Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology by the Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135#, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, the Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology by the Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135#, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiangmei Liu
- Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
- School of Health Science & Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Xiping Avenue 5340#, Tianjin, 300401, China
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Hou PJ, Lin PY, Lin WL, Hsueh TP. Integrated traditional herbal medicine for recurrent urinary tract infection treatment and follow-up: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 321:117491. [PMID: 38012975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Urinary tract infections (UTIs) with pathogenic strain resistance leading to a high recurrence rate affect health quality and have become a high-priority issue due to the economic burden on the health care system. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the supportive benefits of traditional herbal medicines (THMs) for the treatment and prevention of recurrent UTIs through a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. MATERIALS AND METHODS Systematic searches of databases, including PubMed/Medline, the Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), were conducted to collect eligible studies for meta-analysis. The inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials that investigated UTI recurrence using THM treatment. RESULTS The results of 22 studies showed that THM treatment led to significantly fewer UTI events in the experimental group than in the control group (OR = 0.348; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.257 to 0.473; p < 0.001). Seventeen studies reported UTI events during the follow-up period, and the recurrence rate was lower in the experimental group than in the control group (OR, 0.326; 95% CI, 0.245-0.434; p < 0.01). Subgroup analysis further showed that compared to antibiotics alone, treatment with THM plus antibiotics significantly reduced UTI events in the acute phase (OR = 0.301; 95% CI = 0.201 to 0.431; p < 0.001) as well as in the follow-up period (OR = 0.347; 95% CI = 0.241 to 0.498; p < 0.001). However, THM treatment alone was not superior to antibiotics in the acute treatment phase (OR = 0.540; 95% CI = 0.250 to 1.166; p = 0.117) or in the follow-up period (OR = 0.464; 95% CI = 0.111 to 1.951; p = 0.295). Herbal ingredients for recurrent UTI events also showed benefits compared to placebo treatment in the acute phase (OR = 0.337; 95% CI = 0.158 to 0.717; p = 0.005) and during follow-up (OR = 0.238; 95% CI = 0.139 to 0.409; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS THM combined with antibiotics is helpful for people with acute UTIs and for reinfection prevention. THMs alone, although less effective for recurrent UTIs, could be considered a therapeutic alternative to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ju Hou
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Yen Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, 83001, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ling Lin
- Institute of Education, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan; Department of Traditional Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 81362, Taiwan
| | - Tun-Pin Hsueh
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan; Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.
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Li Z, He Q, Xu F, Yin X, Guan Z, Song J, He Z, Yang X, Situ C. Exploring the Antibacterial Potential and Underlying Mechanisms of Prunella vulgaris L. on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Foods 2024; 13:660. [PMID: 38472772 DOI: 10.3390/foods13050660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Prunella vulgaris L. (PV) is a widely distributed plant species, known for its versatile applications in both traditional and contemporary medicine, as well as in functional food development. Despite its broad-spectrum antimicrobial utility, the specific mechanism of antibacterial action remains elusive. To fill this knowledge gap, the present study investigated the antibacterial properties of PV extracts against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and assessed their mechanistic impact on bacterial cells and cellular functions. The aqueous extract of PV demonstrated greater anti-MRSA activity compared to the ethanolic and methanolic extracts. UPLC-ESI-MS/MS tentatively identified 28 phytochemical components in the aqueous extract of PV. Exposure to an aqueous extract at ½ MIC and MIC for 5 h resulted in a significant release of intracellular nucleic acid (up to 6-fold) and protein (up to 10-fold) into the extracellular environment. Additionally, this treatment caused a notable decline in the activity of several crucial enzymes, including a 41.51% reduction in alkaline phosphatase (AKP), a 45.71% decrease in adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), and a 48.99% drop in superoxide dismutase (SOD). Furthermore, there was a decrease of 24.17% at ½ MIC and 27.17% at MIC in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle activity and energy transfer. Collectively, these findings indicate that the anti-MRSA properties of PV may stem from its ability to disrupt membrane and cell wall integrity, interfere with enzymatic activity, and impede bacterial cell metabolism and the transmission of information and energy that is essential for bacterial growth, ultimately resulting in bacterial apoptosis. The diverse range of characteristics exhibited by PV positions it as a promising antimicrobial agent with broad applications for enhancing health and improving food safety and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyin Li
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 500515, China
| | - Qiqi He
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK
| | - Feifei Xu
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 500515, China
| | - Xinxin Yin
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 500515, China
| | - Zhuofan Guan
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 500515, China
| | - Jia Song
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 500515, China
| | - Zhini He
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 500515, China
| | - Xingfen Yang
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 500515, China
| | - Chen Situ
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK
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Lopes RP, Ferreira FL, Faria de Sousa G, Cruz Nizer WSD, Magalhães CLDB, Ferreira JMS, Tótola AH, Duarte LP, de Magalhães JC. Activity of extracts and terpenoids from Tontelea micrantha (Mart. ex Schult.) A.C.Sm. (Celastraceae) against pathogenic bacteria. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38328949 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2309554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The pharmacological properties of plant extracts and phytochemicals, such as flavonoids and terpenoids, remain of great interest. In this work, the effect of extracts, friedelan-3,21-dione, and 3β-O-D-glucosyl-sitosterol isolated from Tontelea micrantha roots was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca and Escherichia coli. The antibacterial activity was evaluated by the minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC, respectively), and the synergistic effect was assessed by the Checkerboard assay. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of the plant-derived compounds against Vero cells was measured by the 3-(4 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. The biological effects of the isolated compounds were predicted using the PASS online software. The chloroform and hexane extracts of T. micrantha roots showed promising antibacterial effect, with MIC in the range of 4.8-78.0 µg/mL. Further analyses showed that these compounds do not affect the integrity of the membrane. The combination with streptomycin strongly reduced the MIC of this antibiotic and extracts. The extracts were highly toxic to Vero cells, and no cytotoxicity was detected for the two terpenoids isolated from them (i.e. friedelan-3,21-dione and 3β-O-D-glucosyl-sitosterol; CC50 > 1000 μg/mL). Therefore, extracts obtained from T. micrantha roots significantly inhibited bacterial growth and are considered promising agents against pathogenic bacteria. The cytotoxicity results were very relevant and can be tested in bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranieli Paiva Lopes
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Bioprocess Engineering, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, São João del-Rei, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Antônio Helvécio Tótola
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Bioprocess Engineering, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, São João del-Rei, Brazil
| | - Lucienir Pains Duarte
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - José Carlos de Magalhães
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Bioprocess Engineering, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, São João del-Rei, Brazil
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Křížkovská B, Hoang L, Brdová D, Klementová K, Szemerédi N, Loučková A, Kronusová O, Spengler G, Kaštánek P, Hajšlová J, Viktorová J, Lipov J. Modulation of the bacterial virulence and resistance by well-known European medicinal herbs. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 312:116484. [PMID: 37044231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Salvia officinalis L., Sambucus nigra L., Matricaria chamomilla L., Agrimonia eupatoria L., Fragaria vesca L. and Malva sylvestris L. are plants that have a long tradition in European folk medicine. To this day, they are part of medicinal teas or creams that help with the healing of skin wounds and the treatment of respiratory or intestinal infections. However, so far these plants have not been investigated more deeply than in their direct antibacterial effect. AIM OF THE STUDY Our research is focused on adjuvants that inhibit the mechanism of antibiotic resistance or modulate bacterial virulence. Based on a preliminary screening of 52 European herbs, which commonly appear as part of tea blends or poultice. Six of them were selected for their ability to revert the resistant phenotype of nosocomial bacterial strains. METHODS Herbs selected for this study were obtained from commercially available sources. For the extraction of active compounds ethanol was used. Modulation of virulence was observed as an ability to inhibit bacterial cell-to-cell communication using two mutant sensor strains of Vibrio campbellii. Biofilm formation, and planktonic cell adhesion was measured using a static antibiofilm test. Ethidium bromide assay was used to checked the potential of inhibition bacterial efflux pumps. The antibacterial activities of the herbs were evaluated against resistant bacterial strains using macro dilution methods. RESULTS Alcohol extracts had antibacterial properties mainly against Gram-positive bacteria. Of all of them, the highest antimicrobial activity demonstrated Malva sylvestris, killing both antibiotic resistant bacteria; Staphylococcus aureus with MIC of 0.8 g/L and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 0.7 g/L, respectively. Fragaria vesca extract (0.08 g/L) demonstrated strong synergism with colistin (4 mg/L) in modulating the resistant phenotype to colistin of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Similarly, the extract of S. officinalis (0.21 g/L) reverted resistance to gentamicin (1 mg/L) in S. aureus. However, Sambucus nigra and Matricaria chamomilla seem to be a very promising source of bacterial efflux pump inhibitors. CONCLUSION The extract of F. vesca was the most active. It was able to reduce biofilm formation probably due to the ability to decrease bacterial quorum sensing. On the other hand, the activity of S. nigra or M. chamomilla in reducing bacterial virulence may be explained by the ability to inhibit bacterial efflux systems. All these plants have potential as an adjuvant for the antibiotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bára Křížkovská
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, UCT Prague, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lan Hoang
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, UCT Prague, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Brdová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, UCT Prague, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Klementová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, UCT Prague, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nikoletta Szemerédi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Center and Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anna Loučková
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, UCT Prague, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Gabriella Spengler
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Center and Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Jana Hajšlová
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, UCT Prague, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Viktorová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, UCT Prague, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Lipov
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, UCT Prague, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Herman A, Herman AP. Herbal Products and Their Active Constituents Used Alone and in Combination with Antibiotics against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria. PLANTA MEDICA 2023; 89:168-182. [PMID: 35995069 DOI: 10.1055/a-1890-5559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge acquired on herbal products and their active constituents with antimicrobial activity used alone and in combination with antibiotics against multidrug-resistant bacteria. The most promising herbal products and active constituents used alone against multidrug-resistant bacteria are Piper betle (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa), Glycyrrhiza glabra (methicillin-resistant S. aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, P. aeruginosa), and berberine (methicillin-resistant S. aureus, A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa), respectively. The synergistic effect of the combination of herbal products and their active constituents with antibiotics against multidrug-resistant bacteria are also described. These natural antibacterial agents can be promising sources of inhibitors, which can modulate antibiotic activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria, especially as efflux pump inhibitors. Other possible mechanisms of action of herbal therapy against multidrug-resistant bacteria including modification of the bacterial cell wall and/or membrane, inhibition of the cell division protein filamenting temperature sensitive Z-ring, and inhibition of protein synthesis and gene expression, all of which will also be discussed. Our review suggests that combination herbal therapy and antibiotics can be effectively used to expand the spectrum of their antimicrobial action. Therefore, combination therapy against multidrug-resistant bacteria may enable new choices for the treatment of infectious diseases and represents a potential area for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Herman
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Warsaw School of Engineering and Health, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej P Herman
- Department of Genetic Engineering, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jabłonna near Warsaw, Poland
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Liu G, Liu A, Yang C, Zhou C, Zhou Q, Li H, Yang H, Mo J, Zhang Z, Li G, Si H, Ou C. Portulaca oleracea L. organic acid extract inhibits persistent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in vitro and in vivo. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1076154. [PMID: 36713183 PMCID: PMC9874160 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1076154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus continues to be one of the most important pathogens capable of causing a wide range of infections in different sites of the body in humans and livestock. With the emergence of methicillin-resistant strains and the introduction of strict laws on antibiotic usage in animals, antibiotic replacement therapy has become increasingly popular. Previous studies have shown that Portulaca oleracea L. extract exerts a certain degree of bacteriostatic effect, although the active ingredients are unknown. In the present study, the antibacterial activity of the organic acid of P. oleracea (OAPO) against S. aureus was examined using a series of experiments, including the minimum inhibitory concentration, growth curve, and bacteriostasis curve. In vitro antibacterial mechanisms were evaluated based on the integrity and permeability of the cell wall and membrane, scanning electron microscopy, and soluble protein content. A mouse skin wound recovery model was used to verify the antibacterial effects of OAPO on S. aureus in vivo. The results showed that OAPO not only improved skin wound recovery but also decreased the bacterial load in skin wounds. Moreover, the number of inflammatory cells and cytokines decreased in the OAPO-treated groups. In summary, this study reports a botanical extract that can inhibit S. aureus in vitro and in vivo, indicating the potential use of OAPO to prevent and control S. aureus infection in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengsong Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Aijing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Congcong Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Qiaoyan Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Haizhu Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Hongchun Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiahao Mo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhidan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Gonghe Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, China,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, China
| | - Hongbin Si
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, China,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, China
| | - Changbo Ou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, China,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, China,*Correspondence: Changbo Ou, ✉
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Xue P, Sang R, Li N, Du S, Kong X, Tai M, Jiang Z, Chen Y. A new approach to overcoming antibiotic-resistant bacteria: Traditional Chinese medicine therapy based on the gut microbiota. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1119037. [PMID: 37091671 PMCID: PMC10117969 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1119037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
With the irrational use of antibiotics and the increasing abuse of oral antibiotics, the drug resistance of gastrointestinal pathogens has become a prominent problem in clinical practice. Gut microbiota plays an important role in maintaining human health, and the change of microbiota also affects the activity of pathogenic bacteria. Interfering with antibiotic resistant bacteria by affecting gut microbiota has also become an important regulatory signal. In clinical application, due to the unique advantages of traditional Chinese medicine in sterilization and drug resistance, it is possible for traditional Chinese medicine to improve the gut microbial microenvironment. This review discusses the strategies of traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of drug-resistant bacterial infections by changing the gut microenvironment, unlocking the interaction between microbiota and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xue
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Sang
- Center for Basic Medical Research, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Siyuan Du
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiuwen Kong
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingliang Tai
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhihao Jiang
- Center for Basic Medical Research, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Chen,
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Abarike ED, Atuna RA, Agyekum S, Akongyuure DN, Alhassan EH. Isolation and Characterization of Aeromonas jandaei from Nile Tilapia in Lake Volta, Ghana, and Its Response to Antibiotics and Herbal Extracts. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2022; 34:140-148. [PMID: 36165569 DOI: 10.1002/aah.10165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Production of Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus contributes to economic growth in many countries. However, there has been a decline in its production over the years due to the influx of bacterial infections, with Aeromonas jandaei as an emerging threat. In this study, we identified and characterized A. jandaei from cage-cultured Nile Tilapia in Akosombo Stratum II of Lake Volta in Ghana and evaluated its response to commonly used antibiotics using the disc diffusion and agar well diffusion methods for herbal extracts at various concentrations (10, 30, 50, 70, and 100 mg/mL). The herbs considered included guava Psidium guajava leaf, bitter leaf Vernonia amygdalina, neem Azadirachta indica leaf, and their cocktail (GBNL in the ratio of 1:1:1). The bacterium was isolated from swab samples from the head kidneys of 27 moribund Nile Tilapia collected from nine fish farms. Samples were screened for A. jandaei by culturing and identification using morphological and molecular techniques. The bacterium isolate from fish in the study, identified as A. jandaei GH-AS II, had 92-93% identity to A. jandaei reference strains. Infection of healthy Nile Tilapia (n = 210) with the bacterium isolate showed that 1.0 × 105 CFU/mL was the lethal dose causing 50% mortality. Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed that A. jandaei GH-AS II was resistant to tetracycline and ampicillin. Herbal extracts at the various concentrations inhibited the growth of the bacterium isolate, with a significant increment in the zones of inhibition with increasing concentrations of leaf extracts. However, GBNL showed prominence compared to the other extracts only at 100 mg/mL. Management of A. jandaei GH-AS II by using herbal extracts at Nile Tilapia farms in Lake Volta may be recommended since the use of antibiotics, such as tetracycline and ampicillin, may not yield the needed result.
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Affiliation(s)
- E D Abarike
- Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - R A Atuna
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - S Agyekum
- Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - D N Akongyuure
- Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - E H Alhassan
- Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
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Al Safi MA, Rashid HM, Afifi FU, Talib WH. Gaz Alafi: A Traditional Dessert in the Middle East With Anticancer, Immunomodulatory, and Antimicrobial Activities. Front Nutr 2022; 9:900506. [PMID: 35845806 PMCID: PMC9283951 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.900506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundFrom the earliest times, manna has been widely used as a tasty local sweet or folk medicine. The type of manna being investigated in the present study is called Gaz-alafi, a mixture of insect and Quercus brantii leaves secretions from oak forests in the north of Iraq and west of Iran.MethodsAqueous and ethanol extracts were prepared as decoction. Various phytochemical tests were conducted to analyze manna composition, including total phenolic contents using the Folin-Ciocalteu method and LC-MS. Gallic acid and catechin were detected in both extracts, in addition to tiliroside presence in ethanol extract, which added more value to the phenolic content of ethanol extract. Cytotoxic activities of Gaz alafi were evaluated against breast cancer cell lines and compared to normal cell lines and doxorubicin using the MTT assay. Antimicrobial properties were assessed against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Candida albicans using the dilution method of the micro-titer plate. Serum levels of IFN-γ, interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were measured using ELISA. The effect of extracts on splenocyte proliferation was evaluated using the lymphocytes proliferation assay. Macrophage function was evaluated using the nitro blue tetrazolium assay, whereas pinocytosis was evaluated using the neutral red uptake assay. Ten days after tumor inoculation, changes in tumor size, survival rates, levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and creatinine were measured.ResultsThe growth of cancer cells was inhibited by Gaz alafi ethanol extract. An alteration in IFN- γ, IL-2, and IL-4 levels toward antiproliferation immune response were reported for both extracts. The aqueous extract efficiently stimulated lymphocyte proliferation, phagocytosis, and pinocytosis, followed by the ethanol extracts with moderate activity. After treating the mice with ethanol extracts, a significant reduction in tumor size and several undetected tumors were recorded.ConclusionsGaz alafi extracts (aqueous and ethanol) are promising sources for anticancer and immunostimulatory agents. Further studies are needed to fully identify the chemical composition of Gaz alafi extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meena A. Al Safi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hasan M. Rashid
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Fatma U. Afifi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Wamidh H. Talib
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
- *Correspondence: Wamidh H. Talib
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Li J, Feng S, Liu X, Jia X, Qiao F, Guo J, Deng S. Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine and its Active Ingredients on Drug-Resistant Bacteria. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:837907. [PMID: 35721131 PMCID: PMC9204478 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.837907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing and widespread application of antibacterial drugs makes antibiotic resistance a prominent and growing concern in clinical practice. The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria presents a global threat. However, the development and use of novel antibacterial agents involves time-consuming and costly challenges that may lead to yet further drug resistance. More recently, researchers have turned to traditional Chinese medicine to stem the rise of antibiotic resistance in pathogens. Many studies have shown traditional Chinese medicines to have significant bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects, with the advantage of low drug resistance. Some of which when combined with antibiotics, have also demonstrated antibacterial activity by synergistic effect. Traditional Chinese medicine has a variety of active components, including flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols, and quinones, which can inhibit the growth of drug-resistant bacteria and be used in combination with a variety of antibiotics to treat various drug-resistant bacterial infections. We reviewed the interaction between the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicines and antibiotic-resistant bacteria. At present, flavonoids and alkaloids are the active ingredients that have been most widely studied, with significant synergistic activity demonstrated when used in combination with antibiotics against drug-resistant bacteria. The reviewed studies show that traditional Chinese medicine and its active ingredients have antimicrobial activity on antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which may enhance the susceptibility of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, potentially reduce the required dosage of antibacterial agents and the rate of drug resistance. Our results provide direction for finding and developing alternative methods to counteract drug-resistant bacteria, offering a new therapeutic strategy for tackling antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Non-Coding RNA and Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Shanshan Feng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xu Jia
- Non-Coding RNA and Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Fengling Qiao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinlin Guo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Systematic Research of Distinctive Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shanshan Deng
- Non-Coding RNA and Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
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Luteolin Inhibits the Biofilm Formation and Cytotoxicity of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus via Decreasing Bacterial Toxin Synthesis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4476339. [PMID: 35586693 PMCID: PMC9110164 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4476339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the fact that luteolin has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), its specific mechanism in MRSA is worthy of investigation, which is the focus of this study. Initially, the collected S. aureus strains were treated with luteolin. Then, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of luteolin against the S. aureus strains was measured by the broth microdilution. The growth curves, biofilm formation, and cytotoxicity of treated S. aureus were detected using a microplate reader. The live and dead bacteria were evaluated using confocal laser scanning microscopy, the bacterial morphology was observed using scanning electron microscopy, and the S. aureus colony-forming unit (CFU) numbers were assessed. The levels of alpha hemolysin (α-hemolysin), delta hemolysin (δ-hemolysin), and hlaA were detected via western blot and RT-PCR. The mortality of mouse model with S. aureus systemic infection was analyzed, and the levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α were quantitated using ELISA. Concretely, the MIC of luteolin against MRSA N315 was 64 μg/mL. Luteolin at 16 μg/mL did not affect the growth of MRSA N315, but inhibited the biofilm formation and CFU, and promoted the morphological changes and death of MRSA N315. Luteolin decreased the cytotoxicity and the levels of α-hemolysin, δ-hemolysin, and hlaA in MRSA N315, elevated MRSA-reduced mice survival rate, and differentially modulated the inflammatory cytokine levels in MRSA-infected mice. Collectively, luteolin inhibits biofilm formation and cytotoxicity of MRSA via blocking the bacterial toxin synthesis.
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Recent Developments in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Treatment: A Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11050606. [PMID: 35625250 PMCID: PMC9137690 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11050606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a Gram-positive bacterium that may cause life-threatening diseases and some minor infections in living organisms. However, it shows notorious effects when it becomes resistant to antibiotics. Strain variants of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites that have become resistant to existing multiple antimicrobials are termed as superbugs. Methicillin is a semisynthetic antibiotic drug that was used to inhibit staphylococci pathogens. The S. aureus resistant to methicillin is known as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which became a superbug due to its defiant activity against the antibiotics and medications most commonly used to treat major and minor infections. Successful MRSA infection management involves rapid identification of the infected site, culture and susceptibility tests, evidence-based treatment, and appropriate preventive protocols. This review describes the clinical management of MRSA pathogenesis, recent developments in rapid diagnosis, and antimicrobial treatment choices for MRSA.
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Zhang R, Wang H, Chen B, Dai H, Sun J, Han J, Liu H. Discovery of Anti-MRSA Secondary Metabolites from a Marine-Derived Fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:302. [PMID: 35621953 PMCID: PMC9146929 DOI: 10.3390/md20050302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), a WHO high-priority pathogen that can cause great harm to living beings, is a primary cause of death from antibiotic-resistant infections. In the present study, six new compounds, including fumindoline A-C (1-3), 12β, 13β-hydroxy-asperfumigatin (4), 2-epi-tryptoquivaline F (17) and penibenzophenone E (37), and thirty-nine known ones were isolated from the marine-derived fungus Aspergillus fumigatus H22. The structures and the absolute configurations of the new compounds were unambiguously assigned by spectroscopic data, mass spectrometry (MS), electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectroscopic analyses, quantum NMR and ECD calculations, and chemical derivatizations. Bioactivity screening indicated that nearly half of the compounds exhibit antibacterial activity, especially compounds 8 and 11, and 33-38 showed excellent antimicrobial activities against MRSA, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 1.25 to 2.5 μM. In addition, compound 8 showed moderate inhibitory activity against Mycobacterium bovis (MIC: 25 μM), compound 10 showed moderate inhibitory activity against Candida albicans (MIC: 50 μM), and compound 13 showed strong inhibitory activity against the hatching of a Caenorhabditis elegans egg (IC50: 2.5 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Education, College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (R.Z.); (H.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (B.C.); (H.D.); (J.S.)
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Education, College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (R.Z.); (H.W.)
| | - Baosong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (B.C.); (H.D.); (J.S.)
| | - Huanqin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (B.C.); (H.D.); (J.S.)
| | - Jingzu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (B.C.); (H.D.); (J.S.)
| | - Junjie Han
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (B.C.); (H.D.); (J.S.)
| | - Hongwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Education, College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (R.Z.); (H.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (B.C.); (H.D.); (J.S.)
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Park M, Horn L, Lappi V, Boxrud D, Hedberg C, Jeon B. Antimicrobial Synergy between Aminoglycosides and Licorice Extract in Listeria monocytogenes. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11040440. [PMID: 35456115 PMCID: PMC9031314 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11040440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that can develop serious invasive infections. Among foodborne pathogens, L. monocytogenes exhibits the highest case fatality despite antibiotic treatment, suggesting the current therapy should be improved. Although ampicillin and gentamicin are used as a combination therapy to treat listeriosis, our results showed there is no synergy between the two antibiotics. We discovered that aqueous extract of licorice generated significant antimicrobial synergy when combined with aminoglycosides, such as gentamicin, in L. monocytogenes. In the presence of 1 mg/mL licorice extract, for instance, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of gentamicin was reduced by 32-fold. Moreover, antimicrobial synergy with licorice extract made gentamicin-resistant clinical isolates of L. monocytogenes susceptible to gentamicin. Given the common use of licorice as a food sweetener in Western countries and a herb in Oriental medicine, our findings suggest that licorice extract can be potentially used as an antibiotic adjuvant to improve the efficacy of antimicrobial treatment of listeriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myungseo Park
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.P.); (C.H.)
| | - Liz Horn
- Public Health Laboratory, Minnesota Department of Health, Saint Paul, MN 55164, USA; (L.H.); (V.L.); (D.B.)
| | - Victoria Lappi
- Public Health Laboratory, Minnesota Department of Health, Saint Paul, MN 55164, USA; (L.H.); (V.L.); (D.B.)
| | - Dave Boxrud
- Public Health Laboratory, Minnesota Department of Health, Saint Paul, MN 55164, USA; (L.H.); (V.L.); (D.B.)
| | - Craig Hedberg
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.P.); (C.H.)
| | - Byeonghwa Jeon
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.P.); (C.H.)
- Correspondence:
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Antibacterial Activity of Solanum torvum Leaf Extract and Its Synergistic Effect with Oxacillin against Methicillin-Resistant Staphyloccoci Isolated from Dogs. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11030302. [PMID: 35326765 PMCID: PMC8944679 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11030302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS) have been considered a veterinary and public health threat that needs to be addressed, as they are known to cause serious infections, with limited therapeutic options. Thus, in this study, we aimed to examine the potential antibacterial activity of the leaf extract of Solanum torvum against MRS isolated from clinically healthy dogs. In total, seven mecA-positive Staphylococcus isolates tested in this study were identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and all of them were classified as multidrug-resistant using disk diffusion tests. According to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, the main phytochemical components found in the leaf extract were hexadecanoic acid and its ethyl ester and 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, ethyl ester, (Z,Z,Z). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) breakpoints for the leaf extract against all tested isolates ranged from 2 to 16 mg/mL, while the MIC breakpoints for oxacillin were from 2 to 512 mg/L. Although varying effects were found, the positive effects of the leaf extract were most evident in combination with oxacillin. These results suggested that S. torvum leaf extract may complement classical antibiotics and may potentially drive the development of an effective therapeutic option for MRS.
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Murugaiyan J, Kumar PA, Rao GS, Iskandar K, Hawser S, Hays JP, Mohsen Y, Adukkadukkam S, Awuah WA, Jose RAM, Sylvia N, Nansubuga EP, Tilocca B, Roncada P, Roson-Calero N, Moreno-Morales J, Amin R, Kumar BK, Kumar A, Toufik AR, Zaw TN, Akinwotu OO, Satyaseela MP, van Dongen MBM. Progress in Alternative Strategies to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance: Focus on Antibiotics. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:200. [PMID: 35203804 PMCID: PMC8868457 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11020200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance, and, in a broader perspective, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), continues to evolve and spread beyond all boundaries. As a result, infectious diseases have become more challenging or even impossible to treat, leading to an increase in morbidity and mortality. Despite the failure of conventional, traditional antimicrobial therapy, in the past two decades, no novel class of antibiotics has been introduced. Consequently, several novel alternative strategies to combat these (multi-) drug-resistant infectious microorganisms have been identified. The purpose of this review is to gather and consider the strategies that are being applied or proposed as potential alternatives to traditional antibiotics. These strategies include combination therapy, techniques that target the enzymes or proteins responsible for antimicrobial resistance, resistant bacteria, drug delivery systems, physicochemical methods, and unconventional techniques, including the CRISPR-Cas system. These alternative strategies may have the potential to change the treatment of multi-drug-resistant pathogens in human clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayaseelan Murugaiyan
- Department of Biological Sciences, SRM University-AP, Guntur District, Amaravati 522240, India;
| | - P. Anand Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, NTR College of Veterinary Science, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Gannavaram 521102, India;
| | - G. Srinivasa Rao
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Tirupati 517502, India;
| | - Katia Iskandar
- Department of Mathématiques Informatique et Télécommunications, Université Toulouse III, Paul Sabatier, INSERM, UMR 1295, 31000 Toulouse, France;
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut 6573, Lebanon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut 6573, Lebanon
| | | | - John P. Hays
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre (Erasmus MC), 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Yara Mohsen
- Department of Epidemiology, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt;
- Infectious Disease Clinical Pharmacist, Antimicrobial Stewardship Department, International Medical Center Hospital, Cairo 11511, Egypt
| | - Saranya Adukkadukkam
- Department of Biological Sciences, SRM University-AP, Guntur District, Amaravati 522240, India;
| | - Wireko Andrew Awuah
- Faculty of Medicine, Sumy State University, 40007 Sumy, Ukraine; (W.A.A.); (A.-R.T.)
| | - Ruiz Alvarez Maria Jose
- Research Coordination and Support Service, National Institute of Health (ISS) Viale Regina -Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Nanono Sylvia
- Infectious Diseases Institute (IDI), College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala 7072, Uganda;
| | | | - Bruno Tilocca
- Department of Health Science, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (B.T.); (P.R.)
| | - Paola Roncada
- Department of Health Science, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (B.T.); (P.R.)
| | - Natalia Roson-Calero
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (N.R.-C.); (J.M.-M.)
| | - Javier Moreno-Morales
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (N.R.-C.); (J.M.-M.)
| | - Rohul Amin
- James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh;
| | - Ballamoole Krishna Kumar
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, India;
| | - Abishek Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India;
| | - Abdul-Rahman Toufik
- Faculty of Medicine, Sumy State University, 40007 Sumy, Ukraine; (W.A.A.); (A.-R.T.)
| | - Thaint Nadi Zaw
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK;
| | - Oluwatosin O. Akinwotu
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology Centre, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, India;
- Environmental and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, 200132 Ibadan, Nigeria
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Bailly C. Yuanhuacin and Related Anti-Inflammatory and Anticancer Daphnane Diterpenes from Genkwa Flos-An Overview. Biomolecules 2022; 12:192. [PMID: 35204693 PMCID: PMC8961543 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The dried flower buds of the plant Daphne genkwa Sieb. et Zucc. have been largely used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Numerous diterpenoids have been isolated from the Genkwa Flos (yuanhua in Chinese), including a series of daphnane-type diterpene designated as yuanhuacin (YC, often improperly designated as yuanhuacine) and analogues with a patronymic name. The series includes ten daphnane-type diterpenes: yuanhuacin, yuanhuadin (YD), yuanhuafin (YF), yuanhuagin (YG), yuanhuahin (YH), yuanhuajin (YJ), yuanhualin (YL), yuanhuamin (YM), yuanhuapin (YP), and yuanhuatin (YT). They are distinct from the rare flavonoid yuanhuanin. The series comprises several anticancer agents, such as the lead compound YC, which has revealed potent activity in vitro and in vivo against models of lung and breast cancers. The main signaling pathways implicated in the antitumor effects have been delineated. Protein kinase C is a key factor of activity for YC, but in general the molecular targets at the origin of the activity of these compounds remain little defined. Promising anticancer effects have been reported with analogues YD and YT, whereas compounds YF and YP are considered more toxic. The pharmacological activity of each compound is presented, as well as the properties of Genkwa Flos extracts. The potential toxic effects associated with the use of these compounds are also underlined.
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Dassanayake MK, Khoo TJ, An J. Antibiotic resistance modifying ability of phytoextracts in anthrax biological agent Bacillus anthracis and emerging superbugs: a review of synergistic mechanisms. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2021; 20:79. [PMID: 34856999 PMCID: PMC8641154 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-021-00485-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives The chemotherapeutic management of infections has become challenging due to the global emergence of antibiotic resistant pathogenic bacteria. The recent expansion of studies on plant-derived natural products has lead to the discovery of a plethora of phytochemicals with the potential to combat bacterial drug resistance via various mechanisms of action. This review paper summarizes the primary antibiotic resistance mechanisms of bacteria and also discusses the antibiotic-potentiating ability of phytoextracts and various classes of isolated phytochemicals in reversing antibiotic resistance in anthrax agent Bacillus anthracis and emerging superbug bacteria. Methods Growth inhibitory indices and fractional inhibitory concentration index were applied to evaluate the in vitro synergistic activity of phytoextract-antibiotic combinations in general. Findings A number of studies have indicated that plant-derived natural compounds are capable of significantly reducing the minimum inhibitory concentration of standard antibiotics by altering drug-resistance mechanisms of B. anthracis and other superbug infection causing bacteria. Phytochemical compounds allicin, oleanolic acid, epigallocatechin gallate and curcumin and Jatropha curcas extracts were exceptional synergistic potentiators of various standard antibiotics. Conclusion Considering these facts, phytochemicals represents a valuable and novel source of bioactive compounds with potent antibiotic synergism to modulate bacterial drug-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackingsley Kushan Dassanayake
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Malaysia.
| | - Teng-Jin Khoo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Jia An
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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Abutaha N, Al-Keridis LA, Mohamed RAEH, AL-mekhlafi FA. Potency and selectivity indices of Myristica fragrans Houtt. mace chloroform extract against non-clinical and clinical human pathogens. OPEN CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2021-0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
This study assessed the antimicrobial, toxicity, and phytochemical profiles of Myristica fragrans extracts. Different solvent extracts were tested for antimicrobial activity against clinical and reference microbial strains, using disc and well diffusion assays and microdilution techniques. Antioxidant potential was investigated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) assays. Cytotoxicity assay was conducted against human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Acute toxicity was assessed in laboratory Swiss albino mice at a single dose of 2,000 mg/kg body weight for 14 days. To assess the phytochemical constituents, spectrophotometric and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) methods were used. The chloroform extract revealed antimicrobial potencies against the Gram-positive bacteria and C. albicans with minimum inhibitory concentrations. In the DPPH assay, the IC50 value of the chloroform extract was determined to be 1.49 mg/mL. The phenolic and flavonoid contents were 26.64 ± 0.1 mg of gallic acid equivalents/g and 8.28 ± 0.1 mg quercetin equivalents/g, respectively. The IC50 value was determined to be 49 µg/mL against the HUVEC line. No mortality or morbidity was observed. GC-MS analysis indicated the presence of 2-cyclopenten-1-one (44.72%) as a major compound. The current results provide scientific support for the use of M. fragrans in folk medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nael Abutaha
- Bioproducts Research Chair Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Lamya Ahmed Al-Keridis
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Rania Ali El Hadi Mohamed
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
- Epidemiology Department, Scientific Researcher and Research Coordinator, Federal Ministry of Health , Khartoum , Sudan
| | - Fahd A. AL-mekhlafi
- Bioproducts Research Chair Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
- Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Thamar University , Dhamar , Yemen
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Mayyas A, Azzam H, Tayseer I, Al-Karablieh N, Aburjai T. Evaluation of the synergistic antimicrobial effect of folk medicinal plants with clindamycin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 73:735-740. [PMID: 34569634 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance has become a major worldwide priority, and identifying natural antimicrobial compounds may help overcome this problem. In this study, ethanolic extracts of 12 plants commonly used in traditional medicine were tested against two strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 33591 and ATCC 43300) in terms of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). Furthermore, the effect of combining plant extracts with clindamycin antibiotic was also investigated using the checkerboard method. Among the tested plants, Camellia sinensis, Thymus vulgaris, Rosmarinus officinalis and Salvia officinalis exhibited potent inhibitory activity against both strains with MICs ranges (125-500 µg ml-1 ). Synergistic activity was confirmed for the four plants combined with clindamycin with fractional inhibitory concentration index <0·5. However, no antagonistic activity was found for these combinations. Our findings suggest that using an antibiotics-plants combination might be a successful technique to reduce antibiotic consumption, which would overcome the antibiotics resistance or delay its onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mayyas
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Madaba, Madaba, Jordan
| | - H Azzam
- Hamdi Mango Center for Scientific Research, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - I Tayseer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - N Al-Karablieh
- Hamdi Mango Center for Scientific Research, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.,Department of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - T Aburjai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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Groot MJ, Berendsen BJA, Cleton NB. The Next Step to Further Decrease Veterinary Antibiotic Applications: Phytogenic Alternatives and Effective Monitoring; the Dutch Approach. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:709750. [PMID: 34540934 PMCID: PMC8446536 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.709750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are used to control infectious diseases in both animals and humans. They can be life-saving compounds but excessive use in animal husbandry leads to the development of antibiotic resistance which can impact the public health. Since similar antibiotics are used in both animal and human healthcare, it is important to reduce the use of antibiotics in production animals. In the Netherlands policies have been developed aiming for a decrease of antibiotic usage in animals, and alternatives to antibiotics are investigated. Currently, a one-on-one relationship between farmer and veterinarian is successfully implemented and (national) registration of antibiotic usage is mandatory. Unfortunately, after a 70% decrease in antibiotic usage since 2009, this decrease is now stagnating in most sectors. Innovative strategies are required to facilitate a further reduction. One promising option is a focus on farm management and natural alternatives to antibiotics. The Dutch government has invested in the spread of knowledge of natural remedies and good animal management to support animal health via so called Barnbooks for farmers and veterinarians. Another option is the analysis of on-farm antibiotic use to prevent unregistered applications. New (bio)analytical strategies to monitor the correct and complete registration of antibiotic usage have been developed and trial-tested in the Netherlands. Such strategies support a risk-based monitoring and allow effective selection of high-risk (high antibiotic use or illegal antibiotic) users. Both effective monitoring and the availability and knowledge of alternatives is a prerequisite to achieve a further significant decrease in antibiotic veterinary usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Groot
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Bjorn J A Berendsen
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Natalie B Cleton
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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Álvarez-Martínez FJ, Barrajón-Catalán E, Herranz-López M, Micol V. Antibacterial plant compounds, extracts and essential oils: An updated review on their effects and putative mechanisms of action. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 90:153626. [PMID: 34301463 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibiotic-resistant bacteria pose a global health threat. Traditional antibiotics can lose their effectiveness, and the development of novel effective antimicrobials has become a priority in recent years. In this area, plants represent an invaluable source of antimicrobial compounds with vast therapeutic potential. PURPOSE To review the full possible spectrum of plant antimicrobial agents (plant compounds, extracts and essential oils) discovered from 2016 to 2021 and their potential to decrease bacterial resistance. Their activities against bacteria, with special emphasis on multidrug resistant bacteria, mechanisms of action, possible combinations with traditional antibiotics, roles in current medicine and future perspectives are discussed. METHODS Studies focusing on the antimicrobial activity of compounds of plant origin and their mechanism of action against bacteria were identified and summarized, including contributions from January 2016 until January 2021. Articles were extracted from the Medline database using PubMed search engine with relevant keywords and operators. RESULTS The search yielded 11,689 articles from 149 countries, of which 101 articles were included in this review. Reports from 41 phytochemicals belonging to 20 families were included. Reports from plant extracts and essential oils from 39 plant species belonging to 17 families were also included. Polyphenols and terpenes were the most active phytochemicals studied, either alone or as a part of plant extracts or essential oils. Plasma membrane disruption was the most common mechanism of antimicrobial action. Number and position of phenolic hydroxyl groups, double bonds, delocalized electrons and conjugation with sugars in the case of flavonoids seemed to be crucial for antimicrobial capacity. Combinations of phytochemicals with beta-lactam antibiotics were the most studied, and the inhibition of efflux pumps was the most common synergistic mechanism. CONCLUSION In recent years, terpenes, flavones, flavonols and some alkaloids and phenylpropanoids, either isolated or as a part of extracts, have shown promising antimicrobial activity, being membrane disruption their most common mechanism. However, their utilization as appropriate antimicrobials need to be boosted by means of new omics technologies and network pharmacology to find the most effective combinations among them or in combination with antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Álvarez-Martínez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC) and Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - E Barrajón-Catalán
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC) and Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain.
| | - M Herranz-López
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC) and Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - V Micol
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC) and Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain; CIBER: CB12/03/30038, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Septiana E, Rizka NM, Yadi Y, Simanjuntak P. Antidiabetic Activity of Extract Combination of Orthosiphon aristatus and Oryza sativa L. var glutinosa. BORNEO JOURNAL OF PHARMACY 2021. [DOI: 10.33084/bjop.v4i3.2154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally and scientifically, research has shown that Orthosiphon aristatus and Oryza sativa L. var. glutinosa have antidiabetic activity. The combination of two medicinal plants can increase their biological activity. This study aimed to determine the antidiabetic activity of O. aristatus and O. sativa L. var. glutinosa on single and combined extracts. Phytochemical screening of the single extract was done qualitatively. The α-glucosidase inhibitory method was used as an antidiabetic activity. The results showed that every extract contained alkaloids, steroids/triterpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, quinones, and coumarins. A single extract of O. sativa L. var glutinosa, O. aristatus, and their combinations (1:1, 1:2, and 2:1) had an α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 67.82, 80.93, 73.81, 88.72, and 61.51 µg/ml, respectively. The combination shows that the ratio of 1:1 was nearly additive, 1:2 was slight to moderate antagonism, and 2:1 was moderate to slight synergism. The combination of 96% ethanol extract of O. sativa L. var. glutinosa and O. aristatus in a ratio of 2:1 was the most effective in increasing its inhibitory activity.
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Zeng F, Weng Z, Zheng H, Xu M, Liang X, Duan J. Preparation and characterization of active oxidized starch films containing licorice residue extracts and its potential against methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 187:858-866. [PMID: 34343582 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The antibacterial and antioxidant packaging films were fabricated by incorporating licorice residue extracts (LREs) into oxidized starch (OS) films. The bioactive fraction (BF) was firstly obtained from LREs by using bioassay-guided isolation method. The BF showed potent anti-Gram(+) bacteria effects, especially against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) with MIC of 32.5 μg/mL. The present results also indicated that the addition of BF could significantly decrease the moisture content, water vapor permeability, light transmittance of OS films. Notably, the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of OS films significantly enhanced with the concentration of BF increasing. Moreover, the films with the highest concentration of BF showed the lowest tensile strength (4.23 MPa) and the highest elongation at break (63.89%). Meanwhile, the bioactive films could release bioactive compounds such as licochalcone A and licochalcone B into the alcoholic and fatty food simulants. Taken together, the active OS films containing LREs have the potential for application in food packaging films, due to its potential against MRSA and antioxidant activity as well as good physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zeng
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources and Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Zebing Weng
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources and Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Huili Zheng
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources and Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Mingming Xu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources and Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Xiaofei Liang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources and Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Jinao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources and Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China.
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Huang L, Ahmed S, Gu Y, Huang J, An B, Wu C, Zhou Y, Cheng G. The Effects of Natural Products and Environmental Conditions on Antimicrobial Resistance. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144277. [PMID: 34299552 PMCID: PMC8303546 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the extensive application of antibiotics in medical and farming practices, the continued diversification and development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has attracted serious public concern. With the emergence of AMR and the failure to treat bacterial infections, it has led to an increased interest in searching for novel antibacterial substances such as natural antimicrobial substances, including microbial volatile compounds (MVCs), plant-derived compounds, and antimicrobial peptides. However, increasing observations have revealed that AMR is associated not only with the use of antibacterial substances but also with tolerance to heavy metals existing in nature and being used in agriculture practice. Additionally, bacteria respond to environmental stresses, e.g., nutrients, oxidative stress, envelope stress, by employing various adaptive strategies that contribute to the development of AMR and the survival of bacteria. Therefore, we need to elucidate thoroughly the factors and conditions affecting AMR to take comprehensive measures to control the development of AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Huang
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.H.); (Y.G.); (J.H.); (B.A.); (C.W.)
| | - Saeed Ahmed
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan;
| | - Yufeng Gu
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.H.); (Y.G.); (J.H.); (B.A.); (C.W.)
| | - Junhong Huang
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.H.); (Y.G.); (J.H.); (B.A.); (C.W.)
| | - Boyu An
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.H.); (Y.G.); (J.H.); (B.A.); (C.W.)
| | - Cuirong Wu
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.H.); (Y.G.); (J.H.); (B.A.); (C.W.)
| | - Yujie Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Guyue Cheng
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.H.); (Y.G.); (J.H.); (B.A.); (C.W.)
- Correspondence:
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Allemailem KS. Antimicrobial Potential of Naturally Occurring Bioactive Secondary Metabolites. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2021; 13:155-162. [PMID: 34349474 PMCID: PMC8291113 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_753_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of traditional medicines of natural origin has been prevalent since ancient times globally as the plants produce a great diversity in their secondary metabolites. The naturally occurring bioactive constituents in food and other plant materials have shown widespread attention for their use as alternative medicine to prevent and cure microbial growth with the least toxic manifestations. The inclusion of these contents revealed their crucial role to improve the therapeutic efficacy of the classical drugs against various pathogenic microorganisms. Furthermore, several metabolites have also been explored in combination with antimicrobial agents to overcome the problems associated with drug resistance. This current review discusses the antimicrobial activities of secondary metabolites as well as their role in drug sensitivity against multiple-drug resistant pathogenic microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled S Allemailem
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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Shaaban MT, Ghaly MF, Fahmi SM. Antibacterial activities of hexadecanoic acid methyl ester and green-synthesized silver nanoparticles against multidrug-resistant bacteria. J Basic Microbiol 2021; 61:557-568. [PMID: 33871873 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202100061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Antibacterial drug resistance is considered one of the biggest threats to human health worldwide, and the overuse of antibiotics accelerates this problem. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are becoming harder to treat as the antibiotics used to treat them become less effective. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate novel methods to control MDR bacteria. In this study, 40 bacterial isolates were collected from diabetic patients. The sensitivity of 40 bacterial isolates to seven antibiotics was evaluated. Four bacterial isolates were resistant to all antibiotic groups. The MDR pathogenic bacteria were selected and identified morphologically and biochemically and confirmed by VITEK® 2 system as follows: Staphylococcus aureus W35, Pseudomonas aeruginosa D31, Klebsiella pneumoniae DF30, and K. pneumoniae B40. Identification of the most resistant P. aeruginosa D31 was confirmed by the sequencing of a 16S ribosomal RNA gene with an accession number (MW241596). The inhibitory activity of eight types of native grown plant extracts against MDR bacteria was studied. Clove alcoholic extract (CAE) showed the highest inhibitory activity against MDR bacteria. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of partially purified CAE at 0.9 Rf detected by thin-layer chromatography showed an active compound named hexadecenoic acid methyl ester with the highest antimicrobial effect against clinical pathogenic bacteria. The formation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by CAE was studied. Evaluation of AgNPs was investigated by X-ray diffraction, UV-Vis, and transmission electron microscopy. The antibacterial effect of AgNPs after 2, 4, and 6 days in light and dark conditions was evaluated. Finally, the AgNPs synthesized using CAE possess good inhibition activity against the tested pathogenic bacteria. As a result, the bactericidal components listed above were promising in reducing MDR bacteria and can be used for treatments of bacterial infection and in the development of safe products with a natural base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed T Shaaban
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F Ghaly
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sara M Fahmi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
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Essential Oils: A Natural Weapon against Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria Responsible for Nosocomial Infections. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10040417. [PMID: 33920237 PMCID: PMC8070240 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10040417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has become a major concern worldwide. This trend indicates the need for alternative agents to antibiotics, such as natural compounds of plant origin. Using agar disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays, we investigated the antimicrobial activity of Citrus aurantium (AEO), Citrus x limon (LEO), Eucalyptus globulus (EEO), Melaleuca alternifolia (TTO), and Cupressus sempervirens (CEO) essential oils (EOs) against three representatives of antibiotic-resistant pathogens and respective biofilms: vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli. Using the checkerboard method, the efficacy of the EOs alone, in an association with each other, or in combination with the reference antibiotics was quantified by calculating fractional inhibitory concentrations (FICs). All the EOs displayed antibacterial activity against all strains to different extents, and TTO was the most effective. The results of the EO–EO associations and EO–antibiotic combinations clearly showed a synergistic outcome in most tests. Lastly, the effectiveness of EOs both alone and in association or combination against biofilm formed by the antibiotic-resistant strains was comparable to, and sometimes better than, that of the reference antibiotics. In conclusion, the combination of EOs and antibiotics represents a promising therapeutic strategy against antibiotic-resistant bacteria, even protected inside biofilms, which can allow decreasing the concentrations of antibiotics used.
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In vitro antibacterial activity of Hibiscus rosa sinensis, Chrysanthemum indicum, and Calendula officinalis flower extracts against Gram negative and Gram positive food poisoning bacteria. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-021-00562-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Su T, Qiu Y, Hua X, Ye B, Luo H, Liu D, Qu P, Qiu Z. Novel Opportunity to Reverse Antibiotic Resistance: To Explore Traditional Chinese Medicine With Potential Activity Against Antibiotics-Resistance Bacteria. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:610070. [PMID: 33414777 PMCID: PMC7782309 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.610070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is becoming significantly prominent and urgent in clinical practice with the increasing and wide application of antibacterial drugs. However, developing and synthesizing new antimicrobial drugs is costly and time-consuming. Recently, researchers shifted their sights to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Here, we summarized the inhibitory mechanism of TCM herbs and their active ingredients on bacteria, discussed the regulatory mechanism of TCM on antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and revealed preclinical results of TCM herbs and their active components against antibiotic-resistant bacteria in mouse models. Those data suggest that TCM herbs and their effective constituents exhibit potential blockage ability on antibiotic-resistant bacteria, providing novel therapeutic ideas for reversing antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Su
- College of Pharmacy Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Ye Qiu
- College of Pharmacy Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xuesi Hua
- College of Literature, Science and Arts University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Bi Ye
- College of Pharmacy Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Haoming Luo
- College of Pharmacy Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Da Liu
- College of Pharmacy Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Peng Qu
- National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Zhidong Qiu
- College of Pharmacy Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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Kongkham B, Prabakaran D, Puttaswamy H. Opportunities and challenges in managing antibiotic resistance in bacteria using plant secondary metabolites. Fitoterapia 2020; 147:104762. [PMID: 33069839 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Development of antibiotic resistance (ABR) in bacteria and its multidimensional spread is an emerging global threat that needs immediate attention. Extensive antibiotics (AB) usage results in development of ABR in bacteria by target modification, production of AB degrading enzymes, porin modifications, efflux pumps overexpression, etc. To counter this, apart from strict regulation of AB use and behavioural changes, research and development (R&D) of newer antimicrobials are in place. One such emerging approach to combat ABR is the use of structurally and functionally diverse plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) in combination with the conventional AB. Either the PSMs are themselves antimicrobial or they potentiate the activity of the AB through a range of mechanisms. However, their use is lagging due to poor knowledge of mode of action, structure-activity relationships, pharmacokinetics, etc. This review paper discussed the opportunities and challenges in managing ABR using PSMs. Mechanisms of ABR development in bacteria and current strategies to counter them were studied and the areas where PSMs can play an important role were highlighted. The use of PSMs, both as an anti-resistance and anti-virulence agent in combination therapy to counter multi-drug resistance along with their mechanisms of action, has been discussed in detail. The difficulties in the commercialisation of PSMs and strategies to overcome them along with future priority areas of research have also been given. Following the given R&D path will definitely help in better understanding and utilising the full potential of PSMs in solving the problem of antimicrobial resistance (AMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhani Kongkham
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi 110016, India
| | - Duraivadivel Prabakaran
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi 110016, India
| | - Hariprasad Puttaswamy
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi 110016, India.
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Toor HG, Banerjee DI, Chauhan JB. In Silico Evaluation of Human Cathelicidin LL-37 as a Novel Therapeutic Inhibitor of Panton-Valentine Leukocidin Toxin of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Microb Drug Resist 2020; 27:602-615. [PMID: 33983855 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2020.0196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Incidence of drug resistance in clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is attributed to its diverse repertoire of virulence factors. Of these virulence determinants, Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) has been experimentally validated as a prospective drug target due to its conspicuous and comprehensive role in nosocomial infections. This study encompassed an in silico approach to elucidate the antimicrobial potentiality of human cathelicidin LL-37 against PVL toxin of MRSA. Molecular docking studies of LL-37 and its segments with the PVL toxin subunits LukS and LukF were carried out using PatchDock server and the results were refined using FireDock server. The paramount ligand-receptor combination was selected and analyzed based on diverse parametric attributes and compared with the commercial inhibitors of PVL viz. Andrimid, Beclobrate, Beta-sitosterol, Diathymosulfone, and Probucol to determine the most potent inhibitor among them. Our results elucidated that the interaction of LL-37 with the LukS subunit of PVL toxin (minimum global energy of -61.82 kcal/mol) depicted 34 molecular interactions, while the commercial PVL inhibitors depicted fewer and insubstantial interactions. SWISS-ADME (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion) and ToxinPred analysis of LL-37 further corroborated its null potency of toxicity in systemic milieu. The results obtained may credit this study as basis for the development of LL-37 as a potential inhibitor against virulent MRSA toxins, thereby exalting the treatment regimes for nosocomial infections in health care facilities worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu G Toor
- P.G. Department of Genetics, Ashok and Rita Patel Institute of Integrated Study and Research in Biotechnology and Allied Sciences (ARIBAS), Sardar Patel University, Anand, India
| | - Devjani I Banerjee
- Dr. Vikram Sarabhai Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - Jenabhai B Chauhan
- P.G. Department of Genetics, Ashok and Rita Patel Institute of Integrated Study and Research in Biotechnology and Allied Sciences (ARIBAS), Sardar Patel University, Anand, India
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Chiu KC, Shih YH, Wang TH, Lan WC, Li PJ, Jhuang HS, Hsia SM, Shen YW, Yuan-Chien Chen M, Shieh TM. In vitro antimicrobial and antipro-inflammation potential of honokiol and magnolol against oral pathogens and macrophages. J Formos Med Assoc 2020; 120:827-837. [PMID: 32978046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Honokiol and magnolol are natural components isolated from Magnolia bark that is used in traditional Chinese and Japanese herbal medicine. These two isomers are used as a component of dietary supplements and cosmetic products. In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial effect of honokiol and magnolol on pathogens causing oral diseases, their mechanism of action in biofilm formation and drug resistance of oral pathogens, and inflammatory regulation in mammalian cells. METHODS We determined the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of honokiol and magnolol, and their stability at different temperatures and pH. We also evaluated their effect on biofilm formation, antibiotic-resistance gene expression in MRSA, and pro-inflammatory gene expression in mammalian cells. RESULTS Honokiol showed better antimicrobial activity than magnolol. Both honokiol and magnolol showed stable bacterial inhibitory activity over a wide range of temperature and pH, reduced biofilm formation, and antibiotic resistance in oral pathogens. The biofilm formation- and antibiotic resistance-related gene expression was consistent with the respective phenotypes. Furthermore, these two isomers repressed the expression of pro-inflammatory genes in RAW264.7 cells. CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence of the potential application of honokiol and magnolol in dental medicine to cure or prevent oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Chou Chiu
- Division of Oral Diagnosis and Family Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Hwa Shih
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tong-Hong Wang
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linko, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chen Lan
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Jung Li
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Syu Jhuang
- Department of Dental Hygiene, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Min Hsia
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Wen Shen
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Michael Yuan-Chien Chen
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Tzong-Ming Shieh
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Dental Hygiene, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Can TH, Tufekci EF, Altunoglu YC, Baloglu MC, Llorent-Martínez EJ, Stefanucci A, Mollica A, Cichelli A, Zengin G. Chemical characterization, computational analysis and biological views on Daphne gnidioides Jaub. & Spach extracts: Can a new raw material be provided for biopharmaceutical applications? Comput Biol Chem 2020; 87:107273. [PMID: 32516631 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2020.107273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The scientific world tends to turn to natural products such as medicinal and aromatic plants because of the inadequacy of commercially available synthetic drugs as antibiotics or anticancer, and their adverse effects on healthy tissues. One of these plants is Daphne gnidioides Jaub. & Spach, which belongs to the Thymelaeaceae family, and there is no data in the literature on its biological activity. This study is aimed to elucidate the chemical profiles and in vitro anticancer, antibacterial and DNA protection and enzyme inhibitory properties of methanol extracts of root, stem, and leaf of D. gnidioides Jaub. & Spach. Polyphenolic components of the extracts were characterized by HPLC-MS/MS. The highest phenolic content was detected in the leaf extract (TIPC = 43.5 ± 0.5 mg/g DE), followed by stem (TIPC = 27.3 ± 0.7 mg/g DE) and root (TIPC = 18.3 ± 0.2 mg/g DE) extracts. Vicenin-2 and 3-O-p-coumaroyl-5-O-caffeoylquinic acid were the main identified compounds in leaf and both root and stem extracts, respectively. The extracts did not show any protective effect on DNA against experimental Fenton's reagent. The minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum bactericidal concentration values for the root and leaf extracts against tested bacterial strains ranged from 31.25 to 500 μg/mL. After 48 h interaction of the cancer cell lines with the extracts, only the stem extract had significant cytotoxicity on HeLa cells (IC50 = 86.16 μg/mL). No remarkable activity of the extracts, which was tested against MDA-MB-231, was detected (IC50 > 1000 μg/mL). These data showed that D. gnidioides Jaub. & Spach stem extract inhibited the survival of HeLa cells in a time-dependent manner. After the treatment of IC50 concentration of stem extract with HeLa cells, an increase in LC3-II autophagic gene expression was detected. Also, the extracts exhibited significant tyrosinase inhibitory effects which were confirmed by molecular docking. To sum up, the tested extracts could be used as a starting point for the development of new multifunctional drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tevfik Hasan Can
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, 37150, Turkey.
| | - Enis Fuat Tufekci
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, 37200, Turkey.
| | - Yasemin Celik Altunoglu
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, 37150, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Cengiz Baloglu
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, 37150, Turkey; Agronomy Department, University of Florida - IFAS, Gainesville, USA.
| | - Eulogio J Llorent-Martínez
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas S/N, E-23071 Jaén, Spain.
| | - Azzurra Stefanucci
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti Italy.
| | - Adriano Mollica
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti Italy.
| | - Angelo Cichelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Science, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti Italy.
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, Konya, Turkey.
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Gorlenko CL, Kiselev HY, Budanova EV, Zamyatnin AA, Ikryannikova LN. Plant Secondary Metabolites in the Battle of Drugs and Drug-Resistant Bacteria: New Heroes or Worse Clones of Antibiotics? Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9040170. [PMID: 32290036 PMCID: PMC7235868 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9040170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases that are caused by bacteria are an important cause of mortality and morbidity in all regions of the world. Bacterial drug resistance has grown in the last decades, but the rate of discovery of new antibiotics has steadily decreased. Therefore, the search for new effective antibacterial agents has become a top priority. The plant kingdom seems to be a deep well for searching for novel antimicrobial agents. This is due to the many attractive features of plants: they are readily available and cheap, extracts or compounds from plant sources often demonstrate high-level activity against pathogens, and they rarely have severe side effects. The huge variety of plant-derived compounds provides very diverse chemical structures that may supply both the novel mechanisms of antimicrobial action and provide us with new targets within the bacterial cell. In addition, the rapid development of modern biotechnologies opens up the way for obtaining bioactive compounds in environmentally friendly and low-toxic conditions. In this short review, we ask the question: do antibacterial agents derived from plants have a chance to become a panacea against infectious diseases in the "post-antibiotics era".
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrill L. Gorlenko
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (C.L.G.); (H.Y.K.); (E.V.B.)
| | - Herman Yu. Kiselev
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (C.L.G.); (H.Y.K.); (E.V.B.)
| | - Elena V. Budanova
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (C.L.G.); (H.Y.K.); (E.V.B.)
| | - Andrey A. Zamyatnin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (C.L.G.); (H.Y.K.); (E.V.B.)
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (A.A.Z.J.); (L.N.I.); Tel.: +7-495-622-98-43 (A.A.Z.J.); +7-910-472-01-49 (L.N.I.)
| | - Larisa N. Ikryannikova
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (C.L.G.); (H.Y.K.); (E.V.B.)
- Correspondence: (A.A.Z.J.); (L.N.I.); Tel.: +7-495-622-98-43 (A.A.Z.J.); +7-910-472-01-49 (L.N.I.)
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Liu S, Mai B, Jia M, Lin D, Zhang J, Liu Q, Wang P. Synergistic antimicrobial effects of photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy and gentamicin on Staphylococcus aureus and multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 30:101703. [PMID: 32151763 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is generally increasing, which has become a great challenge for treating infectious diseases caused by microbes. Photodynamic antibacterial chemotherapy (PACT) has been considered as a promising method for inactivating bacteria. The combination of antimicrobial agent with PACT may provide efficient way against drug-resistant microbe. This study aims to investigate the synergistic effects of PACT mediated by toluidine blue (TB), combined with gentamicin (GEN) on common pathogens Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and multidrug-resistant S. aureus (MDR S. aureus). METHODS Alkaline lysis was used to detect the uptake of TB by S. aureus and MDR S. aureus. Plate counting was applied to evaluate the inhibition efficiency of GEN alone, TB-PACT alone, and work together. Flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy were performed to examine the permeability of bacterial membranes after different treatments. Intracellular and extracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assessed with the assist of H2DCF-DA and SOSG probes. RESULTS TB-PACT combined with GEN led to more pronounced antibacterial effects in S. aureus and MDR S. aureus, as compared with either alone. TB-PACT treatment permeabilized the bacterial membranes, promoted GEN cellular accumulation and augmented the antibacterial efficiency. The intracellular ROS generation by the combination of TB-PACT and GEN was much higher than that of single treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS TB-PACT decreased the GEN cytotoxic threshold and usage, and the synergy of them significantly enhanced the sterilization of S. aureus and MDR S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shupei Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bingjie Mai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mengqi Jia
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dewu Lin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingdan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Quanhong Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pan Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
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Fong P, Hao CH, Io CC, Sin PI, Meng LR. In Silico and In Vitro Anti- Helicobacter Pylori Effects of Combinations of Phytochemicals and Antibiotics. Molecules 2019; 24:E3608. [PMID: 31591315 PMCID: PMC6804086 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is a WHO class 1 carcinogenic factor of gastric adenocarcinoma. In the past decades, many studies have demonstrated the increasing trend of antibiotic resistance and pointed out the necessity of new effective treatment. This study was aimed at identifying phytochemicals that can inhibit H. pylori and possibly serve as adjuvant treatments. Here, in silico molecular docking and drug-like properties analyses were performed to identify potential inhibitors of urease, shikimate kinase and aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase. These three enzymes are targets of the treatment of H. pylori. Susceptibility and synergistic testing were performed on the selected phytochemicals and the positive control antibiotic, amoxicillin. The in-silico study revealed that oroxindin, rosmarinic acid and verbascoside are inhibitors of urease, shikimate kinase and aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, respectively, in which, oroxindin has the highest potency against H. pylori, indicated by a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 50 μg/mL. A combination of oroxindin and amoxicillin demonstrated additive effects against H. pylori, as indicated by a fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) value of 0.75. This study identified phytochemicals that deserve further investigation for the development of adjuvant therapeutic agents to current antibiotics against H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Fong
- School of Health Sciences and Sports, Macao Polytechnic Institute, Macao, China.
| | - Chon-Hou Hao
- School of Health Sciences and Sports, Macao Polytechnic Institute, Macao, China.
| | - Chi-Cheng Io
- School of Health Sciences and Sports, Macao Polytechnic Institute, Macao, China.
| | - Pou-Io Sin
- School of Health Sciences and Sports, Macao Polytechnic Institute, Macao, China.
| | - Li-Rong Meng
- School of Health Sciences and Sports, Macao Polytechnic Institute, Macao, China.
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Tafvizizavareh S, Shariati P, Sharifirad A, Maleki B, Aliakbari F, Christiansen G, Morshedi D. Antibiotic hypersensitivity in MRSA induced by special protein aggregates. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 137:528-536. [PMID: 31271798 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria is a major global concern. According to WHO, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a threatening pathogen resistant to a wide spectrum of antibiotics. Herein, to overcome drug resistance in MRSA, we successfully integrated traditional antibacterial methods but with a novel trick that included use of hen egg-white lysozyme's special aggregates generated by fibrillization. The minimum inhibitory concentration of oxacillin (Ox) for MRSA declined from 600 μM to <20 μM when using aggregates. Scanning and transition electron micrographs showed completely disrupted cells when treated with aggregated protein/Ox (20 μM). The assisting role of aggregates to induce antibiotic hypersensitivity was continuous and stable, but sub-inhibitory antibiotic concentration (20 μM) was required again after 8 h. Investigations regarding mechanism of antibiotic hypersensitivity revealed that aggregates were oligomers but not mature fibrils. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species levels rose significantly after treating bacteria with aggregated protein/Ox. Study of resistance mechanisms indicated that in response to wall structure alterations, mecA expression dropped significantly in the presence of aggregated protein/Ox (20 μM) relative to Ox (20 μM). This observation can be a breakthrough in finding alternatives where antibiotic dosage can be significantly reduced, thereby preventing emergence of new multidrug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Tafvizizavareh
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran; Department of Biology, Azad Islamic University, Damghan Branch, Damghan, Iran
| | - Parvin Shariati
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Atefeh Sharifirad
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnam Maleki
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran; Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Farhang Aliakbari
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran; Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO) and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Dina Morshedi
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran.
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Ayaz M, Ullah F, Sadiq A, Ullah F, Ovais M, Ahmed J, Devkota HP. Synergistic interactions of phytochemicals with antimicrobial agents: Potential strategy to counteract drug resistance. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 308:294-303. [PMID: 31158333 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens is a global threat and has created problems in providing adequate treatment of many infectious diseases. Although the conventional antimicrobial agents are quite effective against several pathogens, yet there is a need for more effective antimicrobial agents against MDR pathogens. Herbal drugs and phytochemicals have been used for their effective antimicrobial activity from ancient times and there is an increasing trend for development of plant based natural products for the prevention and treatment of pathogenic diseases. One of the strategies for effective resistance modification is the use of antimicrobial agent-phytochemical combinations that will neutralize the resistance mechanism, enabling the drug to still be effective against resistant microbes. These phytochemicals can work by several strategies, such as inhibition of target modifying and drug degrading enzymes or as efflux pumps inhibitors. A plethora of herbal extracts, essential oils and isolated pure compounds have been reported to act synergistically with existing antibiotics, antifungals and chemotherapeutics and augment the activity of these drugs. Considerable increases in the susceptibility pattern of several microbes towards the natural antimicrobials and their combinations were observed as indicated by significant decline in minimum inhibitory concentrations. This review paper summarizes the current developments regarding synergistic interactions of plant extracts and isolated pure compounds in combination with existing antibacterial, antifungal agents and chemotherapeutics. The effect of these agents on the susceptibility patterns of these pathogens and possible mechanisms of action are described in detail. In conclusion, many phytochemicals in combination with existing drugs were found to act as resistance modifying agents and proper combinations may rescue the efficacy of important lifesaving antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ayaz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), 18000, Pakistan.
| | - Farhat Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), 18000, Pakistan.
| | - Abdul Sadiq
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), 18000, Pakistan.
| | - Farman Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Ovais
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China.
| | - Jawad Ahmed
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences (IBMS), Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan.
| | - Hari Prasad Devkota
- (e)Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan.
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Jafri A, Bano S, Rais J, Khan F, Shivnath N, Sharma AK, Arshad M. Phytochemical screening of Sterculia foetida seed extract for anti-oxidant, anti-microbial activity, and detection of apoptosis through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) decrease, and nuclear fragmentation in human osteosarcoma cells. J Histotechnol 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/01478885.2019.1592832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Asif Jafri
- Molecular Endocrinology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shabana Bano
- Protozoology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Juhi Rais
- Molecular Endocrinology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Fahad Khan
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neelam Shivnath
- Molecular Endocrinology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - AK Sharma
- Protozoology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Md Arshad
- Molecular Endocrinology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Zhao Y, Li H, Wei S, Zhou X, Xiao X. Antimicrobial Effects of Chemical Compounds Isolated from Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine (TCHM) Against Drug-Resistant Bacteria: A Review Paper. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:125-137. [PMID: 30332952 DOI: 10.2174/1389557518666181017143141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria seriously threaten human lives. Although antibiotic therapy is effective in the treatment of bacterial infections, the overuse of antibiotics has led to an increased risk of antibiotic resistance, putting forward urgent requirements for novel antibacterial drugs. Traditional Chinese herbal medicine (TCHM) and its constituents are considered to be potential sources of new antimicrobial agents. Currently, a series of chemical compounds purified from TCHM have been reported to fight against infections by drug-resistant bacteria. In this review, we summarized the recent findings on TCHM-derived compounds treating drug-resistant bacterial infections. Further studies are still needed for the discovery of potential antibacterial components from TCHM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Haotian Li
- Department of Pharmacy, 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Shizhang Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Xuelin Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Xiaohe Xiao
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing, 100039, China
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Li J, Liu D, Tian X, Koseki S, Chen S, Ye X, Ding T. Novel antibacterial modalities against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus derived from plants. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:S153-S161. [PMID: 30501508 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1541865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a notorious bacterial pathogen that induces high mortality and morbidity. Due to the emergence of multiple resistance, antibiotic treatments are rapidly becoming ineffective for the related infections. Natural products, especially those derived from plants, have been proven to be effective agents with unique antibacterial properties through different mechanisms. This review interprets the resistance mechanisms of MRSA with the aim to conquer public health threat. Further, recent researches about plant antimicrobials that showed remarkable antibacterial activity against MRSA are recorded, including the crude plant extracts and purified plant-derived bioactive compounds. Novel anti-MRSA modalities of plant antimicrobials such as alteration in efflux pump, inhibition of pyruvate kinase, and disturbance of quorum sensing in MRSA are also summarized which may be promising alternatives to antibacterial drug development in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Li
- a Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China.,b Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture , Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Donghong Liu
- a Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China.,b Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture , Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Xiaojun Tian
- c School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering , Arizona State University , Tempe , AZ , USA
| | - Shigenobu Koseki
- d Graduate School of Agricultural Science , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Shiguo Chen
- a Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China.,b Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture , Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Xingqian Ye
- a Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China.,b Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture , Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Tian Ding
- a Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China.,b Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture , Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
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Evaluation of Tyrosinase Inhibitory, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Antiaging Activities of Magnolia officinalis Extracts after Aspergillus niger Fermentation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:5201786. [PMID: 30581856 PMCID: PMC6276509 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5201786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This study intended to improve physiological characteristics of Magnolia officinalis bark (MOB) extracts by Aspergillus niger fermentation. M. officinalis bark was extracted using distilled water, 95% ethanol, and methanol, and it was then fermented by A. niger. The physiological characteristics of the fermented extracts, namely, tyrosinase inhibitory activity, antioxidant activity, antibacterial activity, and anti-skin-aging activity, were evaluated and compared with those of unfermented extracts. To determine the safety of the fermented extracts, their cytotoxicity was analyzed by measuring the cell viability of CCD-966SK and human epidermal melanocytes (HEMn) after exposure. The fermented methanol extract exhibited the highest antityrosinase activity, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity. The total phenolic content of the extracts fermented by A. niger was 3.52 times greater than that of the unfermented extracts. The optimal IC50 values for tyrosinase inhibition and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) removal by the A. niger-fermented extracts were 30 and 12 μg/mL, respectively. The fermented methanol extracts inhibited skin-aging-related enzymes such as collagenase, elastase, MMP-1, and MMP-2. Compared with the unfermented extracts, the fermented extracts also contained greater antibacterial activity against tested stains including MRSA. These results could be attributed to an increase in the concentration of original active compounds and the biosynthesis of new compounds during fermentation. In cytotoxicity assays, the A. niger-fermented extracts were nontoxic to CCD-966SK cells, even at 500 μg/mL. Hence, in general, methanol-extracted M. officinalis fermented by A. niger for 72 h has the most active antioxidant, skincare, or antiaging compounds for healthy food or cosmetics applications.
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Grochowski DM, Locatelli M, Granica S, Cacciagrano F, Tomczyk M. A Review on the Dietary Flavonoid Tiliroside. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 17:1395-1421. [PMID: 33350157 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Among flavonoid derivatives, tiliroside is a flavonoid contained in several edible plants or specific plant parts (fruits, leaves, or roots). These parts are often widely used as both food and medicines, in the treatment of various ailments and, in some cases, as food supplements. Considering the easy access to many publications concerning tiliroside and the lack of a review that summarizes the current progress in studies on its safety, efficacy, and presence in the plant kingdom, we present here a review paper on tiliroside and its principal derivatives. The paper also highlights the basic knowledge regarding this molecule, its derivatives, and the analytical approaches used for extraction and quantification, as well as reports on the biological activities against different key enzymes linked to various human diseases. The reported information is also devoted to highlighting the concept "learn from nature to discover new products," particularly in the development of new drugs, food supplements, and nutraceuticals, starting from a natural lead compound such as tiliroside and improving its biological activities (and selectivities) against a specific target for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Grochowski
- Dept. of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Div. of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Univ. of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Marcello Locatelli
- Dept. of Pharmacy, Univ. "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sebastian Granica
- Dept. of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Warsaw Medical Univ., Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Michał Tomczyk
- Dept. of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Div. of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Univ. of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
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Fong P, Ao CN, Tou KI, Huang KM, Cheong CC, Meng LR. Experimental and In Silico Analysis of Cordycepin and its Derivatives as Endometrial Cancer Treatment. Oncol Res 2018; 27:237-251. [PMID: 29673423 PMCID: PMC7848235 DOI: 10.3727/096504018x15235274183790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibition effects of cordycepin and its derivatives on endometrial cancer cell growth. Cytotoxicity MTT assays, clonogenic assays, and flow cytometry were used to observe the effects on apoptosis and regulation of the cell cycle of Ishikawa cells under various concentrations of cordycepin, cisplatin, and combinations of the two. Validated in silico docking simulations were performed on 31 cordycepin derivatives against adenosine deaminase (ADA) to predict their binding affinities and hence their potential tendency to be metabolized by ADA. Cordycepin has a significant dose-dependent inhibitory effect on cell proliferation. The combination of cordycepin and cisplatin produced greater inhibition effects than did cordycepin alone. Apoptosis investigations confirmed the ability of cordycepin to induce the apoptosis of Ishikawa cells. The in silico results indicate that compound MRS5698 is least metabolized by ADA and has acceptable drug likeness and safety profiles. This is the first study to confirm the cytotoxic effects of cordycepin on endometrial cancer cells. This study also identified cordycepin derivatives with promising pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties for further investigation in the development of new treatments for endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Fong
- School of Health Sciences, Macao Polytechnic Institute, Macao, P.R. China
| | - Cheng N Ao
- School of Health Sciences, Macao Polytechnic Institute, Macao, P.R. China
| | - Kai I Tou
- School of Health Sciences, Macao Polytechnic Institute, Macao, P.R. China
| | - Ka M Huang
- School of Health Sciences, Macao Polytechnic Institute, Macao, P.R. China
| | - Chi C Cheong
- School of Health Sciences, Macao Polytechnic Institute, Macao, P.R. China
| | - Li R Meng
- School of Health Sciences, Macao Polytechnic Institute, Macao, P.R. China
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50
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Jaradat NA, Al-Masri M, Zaid AN, Hussein F, Al-Rimawi F, Mokh AA, Mokh JA, Ghonaim S. Phytochemical, antimicrobial and antioxidant preliminary screening of a traditional Palestinian medicinal plant, Ononis pubescens L. Eur J Integr Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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