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Feilotter H, Bruce C, Diamandis EP, Chatanaka MK, Yousef GM. Guidance for securing approvals for new biomarkers: from discovery to clinical implementation. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2024:1-8. [PMID: 39084247 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2024.2379278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
The journey of translating a molecular discovery into the clinic involves multiple steps and requires planning, time, effort, and money. In this review, we provide a quick guide on the technical and clinical validation parameters that are necessary for successful commercialization of molecular and other markers. We also briefly address the different options for regulatory approvals. Successful clinical implantation depends on rigorous technical and clinical validation, and the ability to develop clear guidelines for the indications for testing (i.e. which patients are eligible to have this test), the frequency of testing, and also a clear interpretation of test results. Successful implementation requires providing evidence that the results of this test can be used to improve patient care. There are currently multiple routes for implementation of clinical molecular tests, which include regulatory agency- approved companion diagnostics, laboratory developed tests, or direct-to-consumer testing. Regulatory approval is considered the gold-standard, but it requires time and resources. There is an ongoing debate about the need for regulatory approval of laboratory developed testing. Ongoing oversight is maintained through lab accreditation and proficiency testing programs, which provide a common approach to ensuring high standards and consistent performance in clinical molecular labs. Before moving into the clinic, confirmation of both the clinical and analytic validity of a new molecular test is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet Feilotter
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Christine Bruce
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eleftherios P Diamandis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada
| | - Miyo K Chatanaka
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - George M Yousef
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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2
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Hudac CM, Dommer K, Mahony M, DesChamps TD, Cairney B, Earl R, Kurtz-Nelson EC, Bradshaw J, Bernier RA, Eichler EE, Neuhaus E, Webb SJ, Shic F. Visual and auditory attention in individuals with DYRK1A and SCN2A disruptive variants. Autism Res 2024. [PMID: 39080977 DOI: 10.1002/aur.3202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
This preliminary study sought to assess biomarkers of attention using electroencephalography (EEG) and eye tracking in two ultra-rare monogenic populations associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Relative to idiopathic ASD (n = 12) and neurotypical comparison (n = 49) groups, divergent attention profiles were observed for the monogenic groups, such that individuals with DYRK1A (n = 9) exhibited diminished auditory attention condition differences during an oddball EEG paradigm whereas individuals with SCN2A (n = 5) exhibited diminished visual attention condition differences noted by eye gaze tracking when viewing social interactions. Findings provide initial support for alignment of auditory and visual attention markers in idiopathic ASD and neurotypical development but not monogenic groups. These results support ongoing efforts to develop translational ASD biomarkers within the attention domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin M Hudac
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
- Center for Autism and Neurodevelopment (CAN) Research Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
- Institute for Mind and Brain, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Kelsey Dommer
- Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Monique Mahony
- Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Trent D DesChamps
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Brianna Cairney
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Rachel Earl
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Jessica Bradshaw
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
- Center for Autism and Neurodevelopment (CAN) Research Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
- Institute for Mind and Brain, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Raphael A Bernier
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Evan E Eichler
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Emily Neuhaus
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sara Jane Webb
- Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Frederick Shic
- Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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3
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Hacker S, Keck J, Reichel T, Eder K, Ringseis R, Krüger K, Krüger B. Biomarkers in Endurance Exercise: Individualized Regulation and Predictive Value. TRANSLATIONAL SPORTS MEDICINE 2023; 2023:6614990. [PMID: 38654913 PMCID: PMC11022769 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6614990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The high interindividual variability of exercise response complicates the efficient use of blood-based biomarkers in sports. To address this problem, a useful algorithm to characterize the individual regulation and predictive value of different candidate markers will be developed. Forty-nine participants completed two identical exercise trials. Blood samples were collected before, immediately after, 3 hours after, and 24 hours after completion of exercise. Plasma concentrations of interleukin (IL-) 1RA, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-15, creatine kinase (CK), cortisol, c-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were measured. Individualized regulation was analyzed using k-means clustering and a Group Assignment Quality (GAQ) score. Regression trees with a bootstrapped-aggregated approach were used to assess the predictive qualities of the markers. For most of the markers studied, a distinction can be made between individuals who show a stronger or weaker response to a particular endurance training program. The regulation of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and CK exhibited a high degree of stability within the individuals. Regarding the predictive power of the markers, for all dependent variables, the most accurate predictions were obtained for cortisol and IL-8 based on the baseline value. For CK, a good prediction of recovery of maximal strength and subjective feeling of exhaustion can be made. For IL-1RA and TBARS, especially their reregulation can be predicted if the baseline level is known. Focusing individual variations in biomarker responses, our results suggest the combined use of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and CK for the personalized management of stress and recovery cycles following endurance exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hacker
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Johannes Keck
- Nemolab, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Thomas Reichel
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Klaus Eder
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Robert Ringseis
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Karsten Krüger
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Britta Krüger
- Nemolab, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Ghodasara A, Raza A, Wolfram J, Salomon C, Popat A. Clinical Translation of Extracellular Vesicles. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301010. [PMID: 37421185 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) occur in a variety of bodily fluids and have gained recent attraction as natural materials due to their bioactive surfaces, internal cargo, and role in intercellular communication. EVs contain various biomolecules, including surface and cytoplasmic proteins; and nucleic acids that are often representative of the originating cells. EVs can transfer content to other cells, a process that is thought to be important for several biological processes, including immune responses, oncogenesis, and angiogenesis. An increased understanding of the underlying mechanisms of EV biogenesis, composition, and function has led to an exponential increase in preclinical and clinical assessment of EVs for biomedical applications, such as diagnostics and drug delivery. Bacterium-derived EV vaccines have been in clinical use for decades and a few EV-based diagnostic assays regulated under Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments have been approved for use in single laboratories. Though, EV-based products are yet to receive widespread clinical approval from national regulatory agencies such as the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) and European Medicine Agency (EMA), many are in late-stage clinical trials. This perspective sheds light on the unique characteristics of EVs, highlighting current clinical trends, emerging applications, challenges and future perspectives of EVs in clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aayushi Ghodasara
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae-Oncology Group, The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Aun Raza
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Joy Wolfram
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- The School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae-Oncology Group, The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia
- Department of Research, Postgraduate and Further Education (DIPEC), Falcuty of Health Sciences, University of Alba, Santiago, 8320000, Chile
| | - Amirali Popat
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
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Reck J, Kleinert M, Mihov K, Kresse M, Yilmaz C, Hoffmann C, Hoffmann P, Froese V, Kertzscher U, Mykhailiuk K, Michaelis J, Weigel W, Scholand S, Heupke HJ, Weigel M, De Felipe D, Qian T, Conradi H, Zawadzki C, Keil N, Schell M. Eight-channel SiNx microring-resonator based photonic biosensor for label-free fluid analysis in the optical C-band. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2023; 2023:1-4. [PMID: 38083739 DOI: 10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
A lab-on-a-chip multichannel sensing platform for biomedical analysis based on optical silicon nitride (SiNx) microring-resonators (MRR) was established. The resonators were surface functionalized and finally combined with a microfluidic chamber for validation using an avidin-biotin ligand-binding assay. The results with a limit of detection (LOD) of 2.3∙10-5 and a mean intra-assay coefficient of variation (CV) of ±10.0 %, also under consideration of FDA guidelines, show promising future applicability for a wide variety of targets in the field of outpatient medical diagnostics and life science.Clinical Relevance- Biomarkers play a crucial role in physiological processes of the human body. To enable instantaneous and decentralized analysis of these markers, systems are needed that can be used in a laboratory-independent environment with minimal amounts of biofluid. An example is the utilization of such systems for neonates or infants.
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An Observational Study on Chronic Pain Biomarkers in Fibromyalgia and Osteoarthritis Patients: Which Role for Mu Opioid Receptor’s Expression on NK Cells? Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030931. [PMID: 36979910 PMCID: PMC10046119 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The evaluation of chronic pain is challenging because of the lack of specific biomarkers. We identified the Mu opioid receptor-positive (Mu+) B cell percentage of expression, named Mu-Lympho-Marker (MLM), as a candidate marker for chronic pain in fibromyalgia (FM) and osteoarthritis (OA) patients. Here, we investigate the role of MLM on natural killer (NK) cells in the same patients. Twenty-nine FM and twelve OA patients were analyzed, and twenty-three pain-free subjects were considered as the control group. Blood samples were collected to perform immunophenotyping and Western blot analysis. Biological and clinical data were statistically analyzed. The final results showed that the percentage of NK cells expressing Mu was statistically lower in FM and OA patients than in pain-free subjects, as already demonstrated for B cells. A Western blot analysis was performed in order to detect NK cells’ functional status. Moreover, the correlation analysis of MLM expression with pharmacological therapy did not show any significant results. In conclusion, here, we confirm the role of MLM as a suitable marker for chronic pain and underline NK cells as a new possible immune cell type involved in the “Mu opioid receptor reserve theory”.
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Valla V, Alzabin S, Koukoura A, Lewis A, Nielsen AA, Vassiliadis E. Companion Diagnostics: State of the Art and New Regulations. Biomark Insights 2021; 16:11772719211047763. [PMID: 34658618 PMCID: PMC8512279 DOI: 10.1177/11772719211047763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Companion diagnostics (CDx) hail promise of improving the drug development
process and precision medicine. However, there are various challenges involved
in the clinical development and regulation of CDx, which are considered
high-risk in vitro diagnostic medical devices given the role they play in
therapeutic decision-making and the complications they may introduce with
respect to their sensitivity and specificity. The European Union (E.U.) is
currently in the process of bringing into effect in vitro Diagnostic Medical
Devices Regulation (IVDR). The new Regulation is introducing a wide range of
stringent requirements for scientific validity, analytical and clinical
performance, as well as on post-market surveillance activities throughout the
lifetime of in vitro diagnostics (IVD). Compliance with General Safety and
Performance Requirements (GSPRs) adopts a risk-based approach, which is also the
case for the new classification system. This changing regulatory framework has
an impact on all stakeholders involved in the IVD Industry, including Authorized
Representatives, Distributors, Importers, Notified Bodies, and Reference
Laboratories and is expected to have a significant effect on the development of
new CDx.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saba Alzabin
- Department of Oncological Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Elm Scientific Ltd., London, UK
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Malafoglia V, Tenti M, Ilari S, Balzani E, Fanelli A, Muscoli C, Raffaeli W, Bonci A. Opportunities and challenges for nonaddictive interventions in chronic pain. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2021; 57:184-191. [PMID: 33799001 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
The worlds of chronic pain and addiction continue to intersect too often in many ways. Chronic pain significantly impairs and disrupts the quality of life of millions of people worldwide. Opioids remain the most prescribed pharmacotherapy offered to patients to alleviate chronic pain. The extensive and often unnecessary prescription of opioids has created a surge in the prevalence of opioid use disorders and opioid overdose-related deaths. In this brief review, we aim to provide a bench-to-bedside overview of promising biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and challenges related to treating patients with chronic pain. We hope this review will inspire new opportunities and insights into the development of novel, nonaddictive treatments for chronic pain that will be available to patients in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Tenti
- ISAL Foundation Institute for Research on Pain, Torre Pedrera, Italy
| | - Sara Ilari
- Department of Health Science, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Eleonora Balzani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Fanelli
- Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Unit, Department of Emergency and Urgency, Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carolina Muscoli
- Department of Health Science, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - William Raffaeli
- ISAL Foundation Institute for Research on Pain, Torre Pedrera, Italy
| | - Antonello Bonci
- ISAL Foundation Institute for Research on Pain, Torre Pedrera, Italy; Global Institute on Addictions, 1501, Biscayne Blvd, Miami, FL, USA.
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Gromova M, Vaggelas A, Dallmann G, Seimetz D. Biomarkers: Opportunities and Challenges for Drug Development in the Current Regulatory Landscape. Biomark Insights 2020; 15:1177271920974652. [PMID: 33343195 PMCID: PMC7727038 DOI: 10.1177/1177271920974652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers are widely used at every stage of drug discovery and development. Utilisation of biomarkers has a potential to make drug discovery, development and approval processes more efficient. An overview of the current global regulatory landscape is presented in this article with particular emphasis on the validation and qualification of biomarkers, as well as legal framework for companion diagnostics. Furthermore, this article shows how the number of approved drugs with at least 1 biomarker used during development (biomarker acceptance) is affected by the recent advances in the biomarker regulations. More than half of analysed approvals were supported by biomarker data and there has been a slight increase in acceptance of biomarkers in recent years, even though the growth is not continuous. For certain pharmacotherapeutic groups, approvals with biomarkers are more common than without. Examples include immunosuppressants, immunostimulants, drugs used in diabetes, antithrombotic drugs, antineoplastic agents and antivirals. As a conclusion, potential benefits, challenges and opportunities of using biomarkers in drug discovery and development in the current regulatory landscape are summarised and discussed.
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Bime C, Camp SM, Casanova N, Oita RC, Ndukum J, Lynn H, Garcia JGN. The acute respiratory distress syndrome biomarker pipeline: crippling gaps between discovery and clinical utility. Transl Res 2020; 226:105-115. [PMID: 32599095 PMCID: PMC7319618 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2020.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent innovations in translational research have ushered an exponential increase in the discovery of novel biomarkers, thereby elevating the hope for deeper insights into "personalized" medicine approaches to disease phenotyping and care. However, a critical gap exists between the fast pace of biomarker discovery and the successful translation to clinical use. This gap underscores the fundamental biomarker conundrum across various acute and chronic disorders: how does a biomarker address a specific unmet need? Additionally, the gap highlights the need to shift the paradigm from a focus on biomarker discovery to greater translational impact and the need for a more streamlined drug approval process. The unmet need for biomarkers in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is for reliable and validated biomarkers that minimize heterogeneity and allow for stratification of subject selection for enrollment in clinical trials of tailored therapies. This unmet need is particularly highlighted by the ongoing SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic. The unprecedented numbers of COVID-19-induced ARDS cases has strained health care systems across the world and exposed the need for biomarkers that would accelerate drug development and the successful phenotyping of COVID-19-infected patients at risk for development of ARDS and ARDS mortality. Accordingly, this review discusses the current state of ARDS biomarkers in the context of the drug development pipeline and highlight gaps between biomarker discovery and clinical implementation while proposing potential paths forward. We discuss potential ARDS biomarkers by category and by context of use, highlighting progress in the development continuum. We conclude by discussing challenges to successful translation of biomarker candidates to clinical impact and proposing possible novel strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bime
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona.
| | - Sara M Camp
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Nancy Casanova
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Radu C Oita
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Juliet Ndukum
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Heather Lynn
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
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Accelerating protein biomarker discovery and translation from proteomics research for clinical utility. Bioanalysis 2020; 12:1469-1481. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2020-0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Discovery proteomics research has made significant progress in the past several years; however, the number of protein biomarkers deployed in clinical practice remains rather limited. There are several scientific and procedural gaps between discovery proteomics research and clinical implementation, which have contributed to poor biomarker validity and few clinical applications. The complexity and low throughput of proteomics approaches have added additional barriers for biomarker assay translation to clinical applications. Recently, targeted proteomics have become a powerful tool to bridge the biomarker discovery to clinical validation. In this perspective, we discuss the challenges and strategies in proteomics research from a clinical perspective, and propose several recommendations for discovery proteomics research to accelerate protein biomarker discovery and translation for future clinical applications.
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12
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Novelli G, Biancolella M, Latini A, Spallone A, Borgiani P, Papaluca M. Precision Medicine in Non-Communicable Diseases. High Throughput 2020; 9:ht9010003. [PMID: 32046063 PMCID: PMC7151056 DOI: 10.3390/ht9010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in life expectancy during the 20th century ranks as one of society's greatest achievements, with massive growth in the numbers and proportion of the elderly, virtually occurring in every country of the world. The burden of chronic diseases is one of the main consequences of this phenomenon, severely hampering the quality of life of elderly people and challenging the efficiency and sustainability of healthcare systems. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are considered a global emergency responsible for over 70% of deaths worldwide. NCDs are also the basis for complex and multifactorial diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. The epidemics of NCDs are a consequence of a complex interaction between health, economic growth, and development. This interaction includes the individual genome, the microbiome, the metabolome, the immune status, and environmental factors such as nutritional and chemical exposure. To counteract NCDs, it is therefore essential to develop an innovative, personalized, preventative, early care model through the integration of different molecular profiles of individuals to identify both the critical biomarkers of NCD susceptibility and to discover novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Novelli
- Department of Biomedicine & Prevention, Genetics Unit, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.L.); (P.B.)
- IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0620-900-668
| | | | - Andrea Latini
- Department of Biomedicine & Prevention, Genetics Unit, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.L.); (P.B.)
| | - Aldo Spallone
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow 117198, Russia;
| | - Paola Borgiani
- Department of Biomedicine & Prevention, Genetics Unit, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.L.); (P.B.)
| | - Marisa Papaluca
- Imperial College, Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, SW7 2AZ London, UK;
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Schomaker S, Ramaiah S, Khan N, Burkhardt J. Safety biomarker applications in drug development. J Toxicol Sci 2019; 44:225-235. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.44.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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