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Siddiq MAB, Liu X, Fedorova T, Bracken K, Virk S, Venkatesha V, Farivar A, Oo WM, Linklater J, Hill DC, Hunter DJ. Efficacy and safety of pentosan polysulfate sodium in people with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis and dyslipidaemia: protocol of the MaRVeL trial. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e083046. [PMID: 38777590 PMCID: PMC11116866 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-083046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent arthritis type and a leading cause of chronic mobility disability. While pain medications provide only symptomatic pain relief; growing evidence suggests pentosan polysulfate sodium (PPS) is chondroprotective and could have anti-inflammatory effects in knee OA. This study aims to explore the efficacy and safety of oral PPS in symptomatic knee OA with dyslipidaemia. METHODS AND ANALYSIS MaRVeL is a phase II, single-centre, parallel, superiority trial which will be conducted at Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia. 92 participants (46 per arm) aged 40 and over with painful knee OA and mild to moderate structural change on X-ray (Kellgren and Lawrence grade 2 or 3) will be recruited from the community and randomly allocated to receive two cycles of either oral PPS or placebo for 5 weeks starting at baseline and week 11. Primary outcome will be the 16-week change in overall average knee pain severity measured using an 11-point Numeric Rating Scale. Main secondary outcomes include change in knee pain, patient global assessment, physical function, quality of life and other structural changes. A biostatistician blinded to allocation groups will perform the statistical analysis according to the intention-to-treat principle. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The protocol has been approved by the NSLHD Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC) (2021/ETH00315). All participants will provide written informed consent online. Study results will be disseminated through conferences, social media and academic publications. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBERS Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ACTRN12621000654853); U1111-1265-3750.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abu Bakar Siddiq
- Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Clinical School, The University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Xiaoqian Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Clinical School, The University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tatyana Fedorova
- The University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Karen Bracken
- Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
- Musculoskeletal Health, Arabanoo Precinct, Kolling Institute, The University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sonika Virk
- Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Clinical School, The University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Venkatesha Venkatesha
- Rheumatology Department, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Abdolhay Farivar
- Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Clinical School, The University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Win Min Oo
- Rheumatology, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
- University of Medicine, Mandalay, Mandalay, Myanmar
| | - James Linklater
- Castlereagh Imaging, St Leonard, NSW, St Leonard, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - David J Hunter
- Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Clinical School, The University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
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Tian Y, Lu L, Zhang Y, Wei J. The value of Lp(a) and TG/HDLC in peripheral blood to assess the stability of carotid plaque in patients with ischemic stroke. Brain Behav 2024; 14:e3355. [PMID: 38376047 PMCID: PMC10761332 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)), triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C), and the stability of carotid atherosclerotic plaque in patients with acute ischemic stroke. METHODS A total of 142 patients with acute ischemic stroke were selected and divided into group A (59 cases of stable plaque formation) and group B (83 cases of unstable plaque formation) according to the characteristics of carotid artery plaque formation detected by carotid color Doppler ultrasound. The serum Lp(a), lipid metabolism indexes, peripheral blood routine indexes, and related serum inflammatory factors indexes were compared between the two groups. Receiver operating characteristic curve and multivariate logistic regression model were used to analyze the relationship between each index and the formation of carotid unstable plaque. RESULTS There were no significant differences in serum total cholesterol (TC), HDL-C, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) between groups A and B (p > .05). The values of Lp(a), TG, and TG/HDL-C in group B were higher than those in group A, and the differences were statistically significant (p < .05). There were no significant differences in serum TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C between groups A and B (p > .05). The values of Lp(a), TG, and TG/HDL-C in group B were higher than those in group A, and the differences were statistically significant (p < .05). The values of HBA1C, Lp-PLA2, CRP, CysC, Hcy, TNF-α, neutrophils, and NLR in group B were higher than those in group A, and the differences were statistically significant (p < .05). There was no significant difference in FPG, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, Hb, white blood cells, platelets, and lymphocytes between groups A and B (p > .05). The results of logistic regression model showed that the increase of Lp(a), TG/HDL-C, HBA1C, Lp-PLA2, CRP, CysC, Hcy, and NLR could increase the risk of carotid artery unstable plaque in patients with ischemic stroke (p < .05). CONCLUSION Lp(a) and TG/HDL-C have certain value in evaluating the stability of carotid atherosclerotic plaque in patients with acute ischemic stroke, and the increased levels of LP (a) and TG/HDL-C will significantly increase the risk of carotid unstable plaque in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Tian
- Department of NeurologyHarrison International Peace HospitalHengshiuPeople's Republic of China
| | - Lei Lu
- Department of NeurologyHarrison International Peace HospitalHengshiuPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yazhao Zhang
- Department of NeurosurgeryHarrison International Peace HospitalHengshiuPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jianhui Wei
- Department of NeurosurgeryHarrison International Peace HospitalHengshiuPeople's Republic of China
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Saleh AA, Mousa A, Amber K, Badwi N, Shoukry M, Khairy M, Nusairat B, Odetallah N, Lin YMA, Selim S. Effect of endo-1,4-beta-xylanase supplementation to low-energy diets on performance, blood constituents, nutrient digestibility, and gene expressions related growth of broiler chickens. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024; 108:99-110. [PMID: 37587735 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The presence of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) was reported to reduce nutrient utilisation, and adversely impact the broilers' growth performance; accordingly, NSP-degrading enzymes are essential supplements to cereal-based diets. Therefore, the current trial was conducted to characterise the impacts of supplemental xylanase (Xyl) to diets with low-ME levels on performance, carcass traits, blood parameters, nutrient digestibility and some genes expressions in broiler chickens. A total of 600 1-day-old Ross 308 male broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 6 treatments with 10 replications of 10 birds each per group in a completely randomised design. The 6 treatments were as follow: (1) basal diets with balanced ME content served as control (positive control, PC), (2) low-energy diet (negative control 1 [NC1]; ME content reduced by 70 kcal/kg compared with PC), (3) low-energy diet (negative control 2 [NC2]; ME content reduced by 140 kcal/kg compared with PC), (4) NC1 + 100 g/ton xylanase (NC1 + 100Xyl), (5) NC2 + 100 g/ton xylanase (NC2 + 100Xyl), and (6) NC1 + 50 g/ton xylanase (NC1 + 50Xyl). At the end of the experiment (35 days of age), the reduction of energy in the NC diets yielded lower live body weight (BW) and total body weight gain (BWG) (p ˂ 0.001); however, it significantly increased feed intake (p ˂ 0.05), leading to worst feed conversion ratio (FCR) and European production efficiency factor (EPEF) (p ˂ 0.01) than PC. There was non-significant variation in final BW, BWG, FCR, or EPEF between the PC group and the NC groups supplemented with Xyl. Carcass yield, gizzard, liver and, muscle relative weights were not influenced by dietary treatments; while broilers fed diet with low-energy diets with or without Xyl addition had lower abdominal fat (p ˂ 0.01) than PC. Furthermore, broilers fed on low-ME diets supplemented with Xyl showed a reduction in plasma total cholesterol (p ˂ 0.05) and low density lipoprotein (p ˂ 0.01) levels. Greater antibody titre against Newcastle disease (p ˂ 0.05) was recorded in the NC1 + 100Xyl and NC2 + 100Xyl groups. The addition of Xyl to low-energy diets significantly improved (p ˂ 0.05) fibre digestibility compared to the PC group. Moreover, enzyme supplementation increased muscle total lipids content and decreased muscle thiobarbituric acid retroactive substance content. In addition, enzyme supplementation increased gene expression related to growth and gene expression related to fatty acid synthesis. It was concluded that a low-ME diet might diminish broiler performance, whereas Xyl supplementation to low-ME diets beneficially affected growth performance, abdominal fat percentage, nutrient digestibility and immunity for broilers, and gene expressions related to growth and fatty acid synthesis in broiler chickens fed low-energy diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ali Saleh
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Mousa
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Khairy Amber
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Nemat Badwi
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Shoukry
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | | | - Basheer Nusairat
- Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | | | - Yun-Mei Amy Lin
- BioResource International, Inc., Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shaimaa Selim
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Menoufia, Shibin El-Kom, Egypt
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Liang S, Miyake T, Shimizu K. Optical parameters estimation in inhomogeneous turbid media using backscattered light: for transcutaneous scattering measurement of intravascular blood. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:237-255. [PMID: 38223194 PMCID: PMC10783902 DOI: 10.1364/boe.510245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
In our earlier research, a technique was developed to estimate the effective attenuation coefficient of subcutaneous blood vessels from the skin surface using the spatial distribution of backscattered near-infrared (NIR) light. The scattering effect in surrounding tissues was suppressed through the application of a differential principle, provided that the in vivo structure is known. In this study, a new method is proposed enabling the separate estimation of both scattering and absorption coefficients using NIR light of different wavelengths. The differential technique is newly innovated to make it applicable to the subcutaneous structure without requiring explicit geometrical information. Suppression of the scattering effect from surrounding tissue can be incorporated into the process of estimating the scattering and absorption coefficients. The validity of the proposed technique can be demonstrated through Monte Carlo simulations using both homogeneous and inhomogeneous tissue-simulating models. The estimated results exhibit good coherence with theoretical values (r2 = 0.988-0.999). Moreover, the vulnerability and robustness of the proposed technique against different measurement errors are verified. Optimal conditions for practical measurement are specified under various light-detection conditions. Separate estimation of scattering and absorption coefficients improves the accuracy of turbidity measurements and spectroscopy in biomedical applications considerably, particularly for noninvasive measurements and analysis of blood, lipids, and other components in subcutaneous blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyang Liang
- Graduate School of Information, Production and Systems, Waseda University, Kitakyushu, 808-0135, Japan
| | - Takeo Miyake
- Graduate School of Information, Production and Systems, Waseda University, Kitakyushu, 808-0135, Japan
| | - Koichi Shimizu
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an, 710071, China
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Ardiana M, Fadila AN, Zuhra Z, Kusuma NM, Surya Erlangga Rurus ME, Oceandy D. Non-coding RNA therapeutics in cardiovascular diseases and risk factors: Systematic review. Noncoding RNA Res 2023; 8:487-506. [PMID: 37483458 PMCID: PMC10362275 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, RNA-based therapy which includes therapies using non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), and aptamers are gaining widespread attention as possible ways to target genes in various cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), thereby serving as a promising therapeutic approach for CVDs and risk factors management. However, data are primarily in an early stage. A systematic review was carried out using literature from several databases (Pubmed, Cochrane, Scopus, and DOAJR) following the PRISMA guidelines. Of the 64 articles reviewed, 39 papers were included in this review with three main types of RNAs: aptamers, antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), and small-interfering RNA (siRNA). All studies were human clinical trials. RNA-based therapies were demonstrated to be efficacious in treating various CVDs and controlling cardiovascular risk factors. They are generally safe and well-tolerated. However, data are still in the early stage and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meity Ardiana
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Dr.Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Asiyah Nurul Fadila
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Dr.Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Zakirah Zuhra
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Dr.Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Delvac Oceandy
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Lelis DDF, Cunha RS, Santos RD, Sposito AC, Griep RH, Barreto SM, Molina MDCB, Schmidt MI, Duncan BB, Bensenor I, Lotufo PA, Mill JG, Baldo MP. Association Between Triglycerides, High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, and Their Ratio With the Pulse Wave Velocity in Adults From the ELSA-Brasil Study. Angiology 2023; 74:822-831. [PMID: 35972851 DOI: 10.1177/00033197221121434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Atherogenic dyslipidemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The present study aimed to evaluate the association between triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and the triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein (TG/HDL-C) ratio with carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV), a marker of vascular stiffness. Anthropometric, biochemical, and clinical data from 13,732 adults were used to assess this association. Individuals within the third TG/HDL-C tertile presented worse anthropometric, biochemical, and clinical profiles as compared with the participants in the lower TG/HDL-C tertile. There was a linear association between TG, HDL-C, and TG/HDL-C ratio and cf-PWV in both men and women (stronger in women). After adjustment for confounders, lower levels of HDL-C were associated with increased cf-PWV in men (9.63 ± .02 m/s) and women (8.90 ± .03 m/s). However, TG was not significantly associated with cf-PWV after adjustment, regardless of sex. An increased TG/HDL-C ratio is associated with higher cf-PWV only in women (9.01 ± .03 m/s), but after adjustment for HDL-C levels, the association was non-significant (8.99 ± .03 m/s). These results highlight the stronger association of HDL-C with arterial stiffness, and that the association of TG/HDL-C with cf-PWV is dependent on HDL-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah de Farias Lelis
- Department of Pathophysiology, Montes Claros State University (UNIMONTES), Montes Claros, Brazil
| | - Roberto S Cunha
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Raul D Santos
- Lipid Clinic Heart Institute (Incor) University of São Paulo Medical School Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrei C Sposito
- Cardiology Division, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Rosane Härter Griep
- Laboratory of Health and Environment Education, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria Inês Schmidt
- School of Medicine and Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bruce B Duncan
- School of Medicine and Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Isabela Bensenor
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiologic Research, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Andrade Lotufo
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiologic Research, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Geraldo Mill
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Perim Baldo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Montes Claros State University (UNIMONTES), Montes Claros, Brazil
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An CY, Son MG, Chin YW. Acyclic Triterpenoids from Alpinia katsumadai Seeds with Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 Expression and Secretion Inhibitory Activity. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:32804-32816. [PMID: 37720796 PMCID: PMC10500697 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol is one of the primary causes of cardiovascular disease. Investigating and developing potential drugs to effectively treat hypercholesterolemia are therefore of critical importance. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors have been developed to lower the levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with hypercholesterolemia. In this study, we aimed to identify compounds that inhibit the PCSK9 mRNA expression and secretion. The bioassay-guided investigation of Alpinia katsumadai seeds utilizing a PCSK9 mRNA expression monitoring assay yielded the isolation and identification of seven new compounds. Among these were three acyclic triterpenoids (1-3), an acyclic sesquiterpenoid (5), one arylpentanoid (6), and two diarylheptanoids (7 and 8), alongside 10 known compounds. The structures of these compounds were determined using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, vibrational circular dichroism (VCD), and electronic circular dichroism (ECD). The absolute configurations of compounds 1 and 2 were identified by comparing the calculated and experimental VCD data as the ECD method was unable to distinguish the diastereomers. All the isolated compounds were evaluated for their regulatory effects on the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and PCSK9 mRNA expression, as well as PCSK9 secretion. Of the tested compounds, two of the acyclic triterpenoids (1 and 2) demonstrated potent effects in downregulating PCSK9 at both the mRNA and protein levels, compared with the positive control (berberine chloride). Additionally, compound 1 inhibited PCSK9 secretion to a level comparable to that of berberine chloride. This study identifies compounds that inhibit PCSK9 mRNA expression and secretion, offering significant contributions to the development of novel drugs for the effective treatment of hypercholesterolemia..
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Affiliation(s)
- Chae-Yeong An
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National
University, Seoul 08826, Republic
of Korea
| | - Min-Gyung Son
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National
University, Seoul 08826, Republic
of Korea
| | - Young-Won Chin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National
University, Seoul 08826, Republic
of Korea
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Sivri F, Şencan M, Öztürk ŞB, Maraşlı AS, İçen YK, Akgüllü Ç. Prognostic Value of Non-HDL Cholesterol in COVID-19 Pneumonia. Arq Bras Cardiol 2023; 120:e20220671. [PMID: 37311127 PMCID: PMC10263406 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20220671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to coronary artery disease, non-high-density lipoprotein(non-HDL-C) provides short and long-term predictive information for many chronic inflammatory diseases such as stroke, hemodialysis, post-renal transplant, non-alcoholic hepatosteatosis, and human immunodeficiency virus. OBJECTIVES This study examined the predictive value of non-HDL-C measured before SARS-CoV-2 for mortality in COVID-19 infection. METHODS This study retrospectively included 1435 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and treated in the thoracic diseases ward in a single center between January 2020 and June 2022. All patients included in the study had clinical and radiological features and signs of COVID-19 pneumonia. The COVID-19 diagnosis of all patients was confirmed by a polymerase chain reaction studied from an oropharyngeal swab. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS The study patients, including 1435 subjects, were divided into 712 patients in the non-surviving group and 723 in the surviving group. While there was no difference between the groups regarding gender, there was a statistically significant age difference. The non-surviving group was older. Age, lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), C reactive protein(CRP), triglycerides, D-dimer, and non-HDL-C were independent risk factors for mortality in regression analyses. In correlation analysis, age, CRP, and LDH were positively correlated with non-HDL-C. In the ROC analysis, sensitivity for non-HDL-C was 61.6%, and specificity was 89.2%. CONCLUSION We believe that the non-HDL-C level studied before COVID-19 infection can be used as a prognostic biomarker for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Sivri
- Dortyol State HospitalHatayTurquiaDortyol State Hospital, Hatay – Turquia
| | - Mehtap Şencan
- Dortyol State HospitalHatayTurquiaDortyol State Hospital, Hatay – Turquia
| | | | - Ayşe Sema Maraşlı
- Dortyol State HospitalHatayTurquiaDortyol State Hospital, Hatay – Turquia
| | - Yahya Kemal İçen
- Adana Health Practice and Research CenterAdanaTurquiaAdana Health Practice and Research Center, Adana – Turquia
| | - Çağdaş Akgüllü
- Adnan Menderes UniversityAydınTurquiaAdnan Menderes University, Aydın – Turquia
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Won H, Son MG, Pel P, Nhoek P, An CY, Kim YM, Chae HS, Chin YW. Chemical constituents from Morus alba with proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 expression and secretion inhibitory activity. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:2801-2808. [PMID: 36920451 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00225j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Six new flavanones, including sanggenol W (1), morusalnol D-F (2-4) and neovanone A and B (5 and6), and fourteen known compounds were isolated from the methanol extract of the dried root bark of Morus alba using various column chromatographic methods. Their structures were elucidated using spectroscopic methods. The isolated compounds were tested in vitro for LDLR, PCSK9 and IDOL mRNA regulatory activity, and it was found that betulinic acid (13) showed the most potent effect on downregulation of PCSK9 and upregulation of LDLR at both mRNA and protein levels, showing comparable results to berberine, the positive control. In addition, betulinic acid (13) inhibited PCSK9 secretion, indicating its role as a future PCSK9 synthesis inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongic Won
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min-Gyung Son
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Pisey Pel
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Piseth Nhoek
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chae-Yeong An
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Mi Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hee-Sung Chae
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Won Chin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Cogan B, Pearson RC, Paton CM, Jenkins NT, Cooper JA. Pecan-enriched diet improves cholesterol profiles and enhances postprandial microvascular reactivity in older adults. Nutr Res 2023; 111:44-58. [PMID: 36822079 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Pecan-enriched diets have been linked to improved lipid metabolism; however, the impact of pecans on vascular health has yet to be examined. We hypothesized that 4 weeks of a pecan-enriched diet would improve fasting and postprandial blood lipids and vascular function compared with a nut-free diet. In this randomized control study, 44 older adults (59 ± 6 years) consumed 68 g of pecans/d (pecan; n = 21) or avoided all nuts (control; n = 23) for 4 weeks. At pre- and post-diet visits, fasting and postprandial blood lipids, macrovascular (by flow-mediated dilation), and microvascular (tissue saturation index reactive hyperemia [RH] kinetics by continuous-wave near-infrared spectroscopy) function were assessed. From the pre- to post-diet visit, there were greater reductions in fasting total cholesterol (pecan: -14 ± 4.0 vs control: -0.2 ± 5.4 mg/dL; P = .04), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (pecan: -15 ± 3.7 vs control: +1.9 ± 4.4 mg/dL; P = .01), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (pecan: -15 ± 3.6 vs control: -0.5 ± 4.8 mg/dL; P = .02), LDL particle number (pecan: -126 ± 51 vs control: +43 ± 42 nmol/L; P = .01), and LDL medium (pecan: -34 ± 13 vs control: +16 ± 11 nmol/L; P < .01), for pecan vs control. Further, postprandial triglyceride was suppressed for pecan (P = .01) compared with control (P = .78). Postprandial RH slope (P = .04) and RH time to half (P = .004) was different by group, driven by improvements in pecan vs control. However, fasting macro- and microvascular function was unaffected. Daily pecan consumption for 4 weeks improved fasting and postprandial blood lipids and microvascular reactivity in older adults. Because changes in microvascular function typically precipitate macrovascular changes, long-term pecan consumption may improve vascular health and reduce risk for cardiovascular events. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04385537).
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Affiliation(s)
- Betsy Cogan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Regis C Pearson
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Chad M Paton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA; Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Nathan T Jenkins
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jamie A Cooper
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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Hluchanova A, Kollar B, Klobucnikova K, Hardonova M, Poddany M, Zitnanova I, Dvorakova M, Konarikova K, Tedla M, Urik M, Klail P, Skopek P, Turcani P, Siarnik P. Lipoprotein Subfractions Associated with Endothelial Function in Previously Healthy Subjects with Newly Diagnosed Sleep Apnea-A Pilot Study. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020441. [PMID: 36836798 PMCID: PMC9962671 DOI: 10.3390/life13020441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) activates several pathophysiological mechanisms which can lead to the development of vascular diseases. Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is an initial step in the development of atherosclerosis. The association between ED and OSA has been described in several studies, even in previously healthy subjects. High-density lipoproteins (HDL) were generally considered to be atheroprotective, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) to be an atherogenic component of lipoproteins. However, recent findings suggest a pro-atherogenic role of small HDL subfractions (8-10) and LDL subfractions (3-7). This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between endothelial function and lipid subfractions in previously healthy OSA subjects. MATERIAL AND METHODS We prospectively enrolled 205 subjects with sleep monitoring. Plasma levels of triacylglycerols, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and their subfractions were assessed. Endothelial function was determined using peripheral arterial tonometry, and reperfusion hyperemia index (RHI) was assessed. RESULTS Plasma levels of small and intermediate HDL subfractions have statistically significant pro-atherogenic correlations with endothelial function (p = 0.015 and p = 0.019). In other lipoprotein levels, no other significant correlation was found with RHI. In stepwise multiple linear regression analysis, small HDL (beta = -0.507, p = 0.032) was the only significant contributor in the model predicting RHI. CONCLUSIONS In our studied sample, a pro-atherogenic role of small HDL subfractions in previously healthy subjects with moderate-to-severe OSA was proven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alzbeta Hluchanova
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bratislava, 85107 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Branislav Kollar
- 1st Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, University Hospital, 81499 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-257290147
| | - Katarina Klobucnikova
- 1st Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, University Hospital, 81499 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslava Hardonova
- 1st Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, University Hospital, 81499 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Poddany
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital, 03123 Liptovsky Mikulas, Slovakia
| | - Ingrid Zitnanova
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 81499 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Monika Dvorakova
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 81499 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Konarikova
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 81499 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslav Tedla
- Department of ENT and HNS, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, University Hospital, 81499 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2SQ, UK
| | - Milan Urik
- Department of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Klail
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital in Pilsen, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 11000 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Skopek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital in Pilsen, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 11000 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Turcani
- 1st Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, University Hospital, 81499 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Pavel Siarnik
- 1st Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, University Hospital, 81499 Bratislava, Slovakia
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12
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Comparison of serum copper levels between coronary artery disease patients and normal individuals: a case-control study. EUREKA: HEALTH SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.21303/2504-5679.2023.002744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading causes of death in technologically developed and developing countries. Copper, an active redox element, is involved in energy production through various mechanisms. Copper and coronary artery disease can be associated directly, through its direct effect on the vascular endothelium, or indirectly through lipoprotein metabolism. Hence an evaluation of copper in the coronary artery disease individual is important.
The aim is to compare the relationship of serum copper levels between coronary artery disease patients and control individuals based on age, sex, hypertension and diabetes mellitus.
Materials and methods: The study design was a case-control study in which proven coronary artery disease patients attending cardiology OPD were selected as cases. Control individuals were mainly selected from the master health check-up. Serum copper levels, plasma glucose, cholesterol, serum triglycerides, and serum HDL & LDL cholesterol were done. Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C) was also measured. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS software version 24.
Result: The correlation of serum copper level with other quantitative parameters is determined by calculating Pearson’s correlation coefficient among cases and controls.
Conclusion: The serum copper level is significantly (p=0.001) higher in CAD patients than in age, sex, DM, and HT-matched controls. The serum copper level has a significant (p=0.001) effect on disease, and the adjusted odds ratio is 1.032 (CI 1.011–1.054). In addition, the serum copper level has a significant (0.01) negative correlation with LDL cholesterol and total cholesterol.
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13
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Yin Y, Yu Z, Wang J, Sun J. Effects of the different Tai Chi exercise cycles on patients with essential hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1016629. [PMID: 36937925 PMCID: PMC10020615 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1016629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The main treatment for essential hypertension at this stage is pharmacotherapy. Long-term pharmacotherapy is costly with some side effects. Tai Chi, a bright star in traditional Chinese arts, relaxes both mind and body and has been shown to relax blood vessels and lower blood pressure. This study aimed to systematically review the therapeutic effectiveness of the Tai Chi exercise cycle on blood pressure and cardiovascular risk factors of patients with essential hypertension. Methods Searching CNKI, VIP, CBM, PubMed, EBSCO, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science to collect randomized controlled trials about Tai Chi exercise in the treatment of patients with essential hypertension according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The search time ranged from the date of database construction to December 2022. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool was used to evaluate the included trials. The meta-analysis was performed with RevMan5.3 and Stata12.0 software. Results According to the meta-analysis, compared with the controls, Tai Chi exercise with a cycle of more than 12 weeks may be better for the reduction of systolic blood pressure (SBP) [MD = -11.72, 95% CI (-15.52, -7.91)] and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) [MD = -4.68, 95% CI (-7.23, -2.12)], as well as increasing the content of nitric oxide (NO) [MD = 0.99, 95% CI (0.69, 1.28)]. The blood lipid metabolism ability may also be improved after more than 12 weeks of Tai Chi exercise, total cholesterol (TC) [SMD = -0.68, 95% CI (-0.89, -0.46), triglyceride (TG) [SMD = -0.84, 95% CI (-1.25, -0.43)], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) [SMD = -1.58, 95% CI (-2.29, -0.86)]. However, the improvement of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) [SMD = 0.54, 95% CI (0.28, 0.79)] was better with a less than 12 weeks exercise cycle. A subgroup analysis for exercise frequency and time showed that the exercise frequency should preferably be more than or equal to 5 times per week for patients with hypertension, and for patients with hypertension plus hyperlipidemia, the exercise frequency less than 5 times per week with exercise time less than 60 min each day may be more beneficial. Conclusion The meta-analysis indicated that a more than 12 weeks Tai Chi exercise cycle with less than 60 min each time and more than 5 times per week may be more beneficial in blood pressure reduction, NO level increasing and blood lipid metabolism improving in the comparison with the other exercise cycles. For patients with hypertension plus hyperlipidemia, exercise frequency of less than 5 times per week may be better. Systematic Review Registration [http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero], identifier [CRD42022352035].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikun Yin
- College of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengze Yu
- College of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Jialin Wang
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junzhi Sun
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
- Correspondence: Junzhi Sun
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14
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Kohli D, Wu KY, White LJ, Hodge DO, Chen JJ, Roddy GW. Metabolic syndrome and its components are associated with non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy. BMJ Open Ophthalmol 2022; 7:e001111. [PMID: 36437528 PMCID: PMC9535188 DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2022-001111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a risk factor for various forms of optic neuropathy including non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (NAION). METHODS This population-based analysis identified patients ≥40 years of age in Olmsted County, Minnesota, USA using the Rochester Epidemiology Project 2005-2018. Patients with MetS were identified if three or more of the five standard criteria for diagnosing MetS were present: systemic hypertension, hyperglycaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (hypoalphalipoproteinaemia) and central adiposity defined by increased body mass index. Charts of patients identified as having an optic neuropathy were reviewed to record specific diagnoses and compared with patients without ocular pathology other than cataract. The odds ratio (OR) of association with MetS was calculated and adjusted for age, sex and race with multivariate analysis for the various optic neuropathies. RESULTS Patients with MetS were more likely to have an optic neuropathy than those without (OR 2.2, p<0.001). After adjusting for age, sex and race, the only optic neuropathy found to be significantly associated with MetS was NAION (OR 6.17, p=0.002). For patients with NAION, though each individual component of MetS was individually significantly associated with MetS, further analysis suggested that hypertriglyceridaemia, hypoalphalipoproteinaemia and hyperglycaemia were likely the key drivers in the overall significance between NAION and MetS. CONCLUSION Patients with MetS were more likely to have NAION. Further studies are needed to determine whether MetS is a modifiable risk factor for NAION.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Launia J White
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - David O Hodge
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - John J Chen
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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15
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Zhou R, Stouffer GA, Frishman WH. Cholesterol Paradigm and Beyond in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: Cholesterol, Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein, Inflammation, and Vascular Cell Mobilization in Vasculopathy. Cardiol Rev 2022; 30:267-273. [PMID: 34224448 PMCID: PMC9351696 DOI: 10.1097/crd.0000000000000406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is a well-established risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). How cholesterol and its carrier lipoproteins are involved in ASCVD is still under extensive investigation. Satins are thus far the best-proven class of cholesterol-lowering medications to improve the clinical outcomes of ASCVD. Statins specifically inhibit the rate-limiting enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase of the mevalonate pathway for cholesterol biosynthesis. The widely accepted theory is that statins inhibit the hepatic cholesterol synthesis causing upregulation of hepatocyte low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor; receptor-mediated LDL uptake and metabolism in the liver results in reduction of circulating LDL cholesterol, which subsequently reduces vascular deposition and retention of cholesterol or LDL in atherogenesis. Nevertheless, cholesterol biosynthesis is ubiquitous, also in extrahepatic cells including those in vascular wall, under tight regulation by sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP), the master gene transcription factor governing cholesterol biosynthesis. Studies have shown that SREBP can be upregulated in vascular wall subject to injury or stent implantation. SREBP can be activated by proinflammatory and mitogenic factors in vascular cells, leading to hyperactive mevalonate pathway, which promotes vascular cell mobilization, further proinflammatory and mitogenic factor release from vascular cells, and vascular inflammation. In this article, we review the cellular cholesterol homeostasis regulation by SREBP and SREBP-mediated vascular hyperactive cholesterol biosynthesis, we term vascular hypercholesterolism, in the pathogenesis of ASCVD and vasculopathy. SREBP functions as a platform bridging cholesterol, inflammation, and vascular cell mobilization in ASCVD pathogenesis. Targeting vascular hypercholesterolism could open a new avenue in fighting against ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihai Zhou
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - George A. Stouffer
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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16
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Mutengo KH, Masenga SK, Mwesigwa N, Patel KP, Kirabo A. Hypertension and human immunodeficiency virus: A paradigm for epithelial sodium channels? Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:968184. [PMID: 36093171 PMCID: PMC9452753 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.968184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a risk factor for end organ damage and death and is more common in persons with HIV compared to the general population. Several mechanisms have been studied in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Current evidence suggests that the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) plays a key role in regulating blood pressure through the transport of sodium and water across membranes in the kidney tubules, resulting in retention of sodium and water and an altered fluid balance. However, there is scarcity of information that elucidates the role of ENaC in HIV as it relates to increasing the risk for development or pathogenesis of hypertension. This review summarized the evidence to date implicating a potential role for altered ENaC activity in contributing to hypertension in patients with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katongo H. Mutengo
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, HAND Research Group, Mulungushi University, Livingstone Campus, Livingstone, Zambia,School of Public Health and Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Sepiso K. Masenga
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, HAND Research Group, Mulungushi University, Livingstone Campus, Livingstone, Zambia,School of Public Health and Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Naome Mwesigwa
- Department of Medicine and Dentistry, Kampala International University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Kaushik P. Patel
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States,*Correspondence: Annet Kirabo,
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Rizvi AA, Popovic DS, Papanas N, Pantea Stoian A, Al Mahmeed W, Sahebkar A, Janez A, Rizzo M. Current and emerging drugs for the treatment of atherosclerosis: the evidence to date. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2022; 20:515-527. [PMID: 35786159 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2022.2094771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Atherosclerosis can be considered a chronic inflammatory process that stands out as a dominant cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Since blood lipids are the leading risk factor for atherosclerosis development, lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and other apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins reduces the risk of future cardiovascular events. However, there has been significant progress in developing lipid-lowering drugs for aggressive management of dyslipidemia, the rates of CVD events remain unacceptably high, so there is great need to identify novel therapeutic pathways targeting the atherosclerosis process. AREAS COVERED We discussed the current guidelines on CVD prevention, the role of novel lipid-lowering drugs, as well as emerging drugs for atherosclerosis, emphasizing the current data on compounds targeting inflammatory and oxidant pathways. EXPERT OPINION Although novel lipid-lowering drugs all showed their therapeutic efficacy in LDL-C lowering, data regarding their impact on cardiovascular outcomes is still inconclusive. On the other hand, some of the agents targeting inflammatory pathways, especially colchicine, showed promising results in terms of reducing CVD events. In contrast, those pointed at oxidant pathways failed to do so. Finally, exploring ways of targeting new therapeutic venues, such as adaptive immunity and clonal hematopoiesis, is a goal in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Rizvi
- Department of Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Djordje S Popovic
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, and Medical Faculty, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nikolaos Papanas
- Diabetes Centre, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Anca Pantea Stoian
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Wael Al Mahmeed
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Andrej Janez
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Health Promotion Sciences Maternal and Infantile Care, Internal Medicine and9Medical Specialties (Promise), University of Palermo, Italy
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Nelson AT, Trotti D. Altered Bioenergetics and Metabolic Homeostasis in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Neurotherapeutics 2022; 19:1102-1118. [PMID: 35773551 PMCID: PMC9587161 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01262-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease that primarily affects motor neurons and causes muscle atrophy, paralysis, and death. While a great deal of progress has been made in deciphering the underlying pathogenic mechanisms, no effective treatments for the disease are currently available. This is mainly due to the high degree of complexity and heterogeneity that characterizes the disease. Over the last few decades of research, alterations to bioenergetic and metabolic homeostasis have emerged as a common denominator across many different forms of ALS. These alterations are found at the cellular level (e.g., mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired expression of monocarboxylate transporters) and at the systemic level (e.g., low BMI and hypermetabolism) and tend to be associated with survival or disease outcomes in patients. Furthermore, an increasing amount of preclinical evidence and some promising clinical evidence suggests that targeting energy metabolism could be an effective therapeutic strategy. This review examines the evidence both for and against these ALS-associated metabolic alterations and highlights potential avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Nelson
- Jefferson Weinberg ALS Center, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, 900 Walnut Street, JHN Bldg., 4th floor, room 416, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Davide Trotti
- Jefferson Weinberg ALS Center, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, 900 Walnut Street, JHN Bldg., 4th floor, room 416, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
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Molecular Mechanism of Crataegi Folium and Alisma Rhizoma in the Treatment of Dyslipidemia Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4891370. [PMID: 35722157 PMCID: PMC9200514 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4891370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Dyslipidemia has become a critical global issue for public health, with elevating prevalence and morbidity closely related to many cardiovascular diseases (CVD) with high incidence rates. Crataegi Folium (known as Shanzhaye in China, SZ, the leaves of Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. var. major N.E. Br. or Crataegus pinnatifida Bge) and Alisma rhizoma (known as Zexie in China, ZX, the dried tuber of Alisma orientale (Sam.) Juzep or Alisma plantago-aquatica Linn), a classic combination of herbs, have been widely used to treat dyslipidemia. However, the therapeutic mechanism of this pair still remains unclear. Hence, this study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanism of the Shanzhaye-Zexie herb pair (SZHP) in the treatment of dyslipidemia with the use of a network pharmacology analysis approach. Methods Active compounds, targets of the SZHP, and targets for dyslipidemia were screened based on the public database. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment were performed on the database for annotation, visualization, and integrated discovery (DAVID 6.8). The compound-target-disease-pathway network was visualized using the Cytoscape software, and SYBYL was used for molecular docking. Results Twelve active compounds in the SZHP were screened out, which were closely connected to 186 dyslipidemia-related targets. The network analysis revealed that sitosterol, stigmasterol, isorhamnetin, kaempferol, and quercetin might be candidate agents and CCND1, CASP3, HIF1A, and ESR1 genes were potential drug targets. GO analysis revealed 856 biological processes (BP), 139 molecular functions (MF), and 89 cellular components (CC). The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the lipid level and atherosclerosis might influence the treatment of dyslipidemia. Molecular docking showed that quercetin bound well to CCND1, HIF1A, MYC, AKT1, and EGFR genes. These findings were in accord with the prediction obtained through the network pharmacology approach. Conclusions This study revealed the primary pharmacological effects and relevant mechanisms of the SZHP in treating dyslipidemia. Our findings may facilitate the development of the SZHP or its active compounds as an alternative therapy for dyslipidemia. Still, more pharmacological experiments are needed for verification.
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Ani FI, Nabofa EEW, Omobowale TO, Ajuzie NC, Ajemigbitse J, Oyagbemi AA, Attah AF, Adeoye BK, Azubuike-Osu SO, Adedapo AA, Alada ARA. Infused aqueous curry tea extracts ameliorate N ω -Nitro-L-Arginine Methyl Ester-induced liver dysfunction in male albino Wistar rats. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14198. [PMID: 35608322 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. (Rutaceae) has been reported to positively affect liver function. However, the effect of M. koenigii leaves on Nω -Nitro-L-Arginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME) induced liver dysfunction is unknown. The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate the effect of M.koenigii leaves as tea on L-NAME induced liver dysfunction. METHODS Two variants of curry tea were formulated; one was formulated entirely from leaves of M. koenigii, the other was formulated with thaumatin-rich aril obtained from seeds of Thaumatococcus danielii (Benn.) Benth. (Marantaceae). Group I animals served as control and were untreated. Groups II and V animals were administered curry tea (CT). Group III and VI animals received curry-thaumatin tea (CTT). Concurrently, L-NAME (40 mg/kg) was administered to groups IV-VI respectively for 21 days. Blood and liver samples were collected at the end of the study for biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS L-NAME induced liver dysfunction evidenced by liver histology, increased activities of ALT, AST, hyperlipidemia, hepatic oxidative stress and increased hepatic NF-kB expression. Administration of CT and CTT ameliorated the L-NAME induced liver dysfunction evidenced by liver histology, increased NO hepatic bioavailability, reduced activity of ALT and AST, increased hepatic antioxidant system and decreased hepatic NF-kB expression. Thaumatin taste/flavor enhancer did not significantly reduce or potentiate the hepatoprotective, antioxidant and anti-lipidemic property of aqueous curry tea extracts in rats. CONCLUSION L-NAME impaired liver function in rats. CT and CTT interfered with the ability of L-NAME to inhibit NO synthesis which was associated with ameliorated hepatic dysfunction. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The study reports that non-selective inhibition of nitric oxide by L-NAME in rats impairs liver function and formulated curry tea types interfered with the ability of L-NAME to inhibit NO synthesis which was associated with ameliorated hepatic dysfunction in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ademola Adetokunbo Oyagbemi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Alfred Francis Attah
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug Development, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Adeolu Alex Adedapo
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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21
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Quirós-Fernández R, López-Plaza B, Bermejo LM, Palma Milla S, Zangara A, Candela CG. Oral Supplement Containing Hydroxytyrosol and Punicalagin Improves Dyslipidemia in an Adult Population without Co-Adjuvant Treatment: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled and Crossover Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091879. [PMID: 35565844 PMCID: PMC9103949 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol (HT) and punicalagin (PC) exert cardioprotective and antiatherosclerotic effects. This study evaluated the effect of an oral supplement containing HT and PC (SAx) on dyslipidemia in an adult population. A randomized, double-blind, controlled, crossover trial was conducted over a 20-week period. SAx significantly reduced the plasma levels of triglycerides (TG) in subjects with hypertriglyceridemia (≥150 mg/dL) (from 200.67 ± 51.38 to 155.33 ± 42.44 mg/dL; p < 0.05), while no such effects were observed in these subjects after the placebo. SAx also significantly decreased the plasma levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in subjects with high plasma levels of LDL-C (≥160 mg/dL) (from 179.13 ± 16.18 to 162.93 ± 27.05 mg/dL; p < 0.01), while no such positive effect was observed with the placebo. In addition, the placebo significantly reduced the plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the total population (from 64.49 ± 12.65 to 62.55 ± 11.57 mg/dL; p < 0.05), while SAx significantly increased the plasma levels of HDL-C in subjects with low plasma levels of HDL-C (<50 mg/dL) (from 44.25 ± 3.99 to 48.00 ± 7.27 mg/dL; p < 0.05). In conclusion, the supplement containing HT and PC exerted antiatherosclerotic and cardio-protective effects by considerably improving dyslipidemia in an adult population, without co-adjuvant treatment or adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Quirós-Fernández
- Nutrition Research Group, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), 28046 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (R.Q.-F.); (B.P.-L.)
| | - Bricia López-Plaza
- Nutrition Research Group, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), 28046 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (R.Q.-F.); (B.P.-L.)
| | - Laura M. Bermejo
- Nutrition Research Group, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), 28046 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Samara Palma Milla
- Nutrition Department, Hospital University La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (S.P.M.); (C.G.C.)
| | - Andrea Zangara
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia;
- Euromed S.A., C/Rec de Dalt, 21-23, Pol. Ind. Can Magarola, 08100 Mollet del Valles, Spain
| | - Carmen Gómez Candela
- Nutrition Department, Hospital University La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (S.P.M.); (C.G.C.)
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22
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Li X, Liu H, Zhang Y, Gu Y, Sun L, Yu H, Bai W. A Prediction Equation to Estimate Vascular Endothelial Function in Different Body Mass Index Populations. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:766565. [PMID: 35360015 PMCID: PMC8960173 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.766565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Vascular endothelial dysfunction is considered an early predictor of endothelial injury and the initiating factor of atherosclerosis (AS). Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) can detect endothelial injury early and provide important prognostic information beyond traditional cardiovascular (CV) risk factors. This study aimed to find the influencing factors of FMD and develop a simple prediction model in populations with different body mass indices (BMIs). Methods In total, 420 volunteers with different BMIs were recruited in our study. Subjects were randomly assigned to the derivation and validation cohorts (the ratio of the two was 1:2) with simple random sampling. The former was used for influencing factors searching and model construction of FMD and the latter was used for verification and performance evaluation. Results The population was divided into two groups, i.e., 140 people in the derivation group and 280 people in the verification group. Analyzing in the training data, we found that females had higher FMD than males (p < 0.05), and FMD decreased with age (p < 0.05). In people with diabetes, hypertension or obesity, FMD was lower than that in normal individuals (p < 0.05). Through correlation analysis and linear regression, we found the main influencing factors of FMD: BMI, age, waist-to-hip radio (WHR), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). And we developed a simple FMD prediction model: FMD = −0.096BMI−0.069age−4.551WHR−0.015AST−0.242LDL+17.938, where R2 = 0.599, and adjusted R2 = 0.583. There was no statistically significant difference between the actual FMD and the predicted FMD in the verification group (p > 0.05). The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.77. In a Bland-Altman plot, the actual FMD and the predicted FMD also showed good agreement. This prediction model had good hints in CV risk stratification (area under curve [AUC]: 0.780, 95 % confidence intervals [95% CI]: 0.708–0.852, p < 0.001), with a sensitivity and specificity of 73.8 and 72.1%, respectively. Conclusions Males, older, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, etc. were risk factors for FMD, which was closely related to CV disease (CVD). We developed a simple equation to predict FMD, which showed good agreement between the training and validation groups. And it would greatly simplify clinical work and may help physicians follow up the condition and monitor therapeutic effect. But further validation and modification bears great significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated 6th People's Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanying Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Institute of Shanghai Diabetes, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated 6th People's Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanting Gu
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated 6th People's Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lianjie Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Haoyong Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Institute of Shanghai Diabetes, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Haoyong Yu
| | - Wenkun Bai
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated 6th People's Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, South Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated 6th People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Wenkun Bai
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23
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Wilken MR, Lambert MNT, Christensen CB, Jeppesen PB. Effects of Anthocyanin-rich Berries on the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Rev Diabet Stud 2022; 18:42-57. [PMID: 35300756 PMCID: PMC9382680 DOI: 10.1900/rds.2022.18.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) can lead to fatal complications, including cardiovascular disease. Emerging evidence suggests has emerged that increased fruit and vegetable intake and decreased intake of saturated fats, simple sugars, and processed foods can improve cardiovascular
health. Anthocyanins (color pigments) have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacities but are of low bioavailability. In this systematic review and metaanalysis, we investigate the possible beneficial effects of the intake of berries high in anthocyanins on MetS risk factors. We also investigate
the influences of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides (TG), and total cholesterol (TC). METHODS: We identified 2,274 articles from PUBMED and EMBASE following a search input designed to include studies of interest of these, 21 met inclusion criteria.
RESULTS: The studies showed an overall reduction in low-density lipoprotein (p=0.04). Increases in HDL were found with cranberry and freeze-dried berry intake during a 4-6-week intervention. No statistically significant findings were detected for fasting glucose, Hb1Ac, insulin levels,
blood pressure, oxidized LDL (OX-LDL), BMI, and overall HDL. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude from this systematic review and meta-analysis that increased berry intake improves MetS key risk factors and reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease. Pronounced effects were apparent for concentrated
berry products, such as freeze-dried strawberries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Roulund Wilken
- Department of Clinical Medicine. Aarhus University Hospital. Aarhus University. Palle Juul-Jensens. Boulevard 165. Aarhus N. Denmark
| | - Max Norman Tandrup Lambert
- Department of Clinical Medicine. Aarhus University Hospital. Aarhus University. Palle Juul-Jensens. Boulevard 165. Aarhus N. Denmark
| | - Christine Bodelund Christensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine. Aarhus University Hospital. Aarhus University. Palle Juul-Jensens. Boulevard 165. Aarhus N. Denmark
| | - Per Bendix Jeppesen
- Department of Clinical Medicine. Aarhus University Hospital. Aarhus University. Palle Juul-Jensens. Boulevard 165. Aarhus N. Denmark
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24
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Cabrera-Reyes F, Parra-Ruiz C, Yuseff MI, Zanlungo S. Alterations in Lysosome Homeostasis in Lipid-Related Disorders: Impact on Metabolic Tissues and Immune Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:790568. [PMID: 34957117 PMCID: PMC8703004 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.790568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid-related disorders, which primarily affect metabolic tissues, including adipose tissue and the liver are associated with alterations in lysosome homeostasis. Obesity is one of the more prevalent diseases, which results in energy imbalance within metabolic tissues and lysosome dysfunction. Less frequent diseases include Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) and Gaucher diseases, both of which are known as Lysosomal Storage Diseases (LSDs), where lysosomal dysfunction within metabolic tissues remains to be fully characterized. Adipocytes and hepatocytes share common pathways involved in the lysosome-autophagic axis, which are regulated by the function of cathepsins and CD36, an immuno-metabolic receptor and display alterations in lipid diseases, and thereby impacting metabolic functions. In addition to intrinsic defects observed in metabolic tissues, cells of the immune system, such as B cells can infiltrate adipose and liver tissues, during metabolic imbalance favoring inflammation. Moreover, B cells rely on lysosomes to promote the processing and presentation of extracellular antigens and thus could also present lysosome dysfunction, consequently affecting such functions. On the other hand, growing evidence suggests that cells accumulating lipids display defective inter-organelle membrane contact sites (MCSs) established by lysosomes and other compartments, which contribute to metabolic dysfunctions at the cellular level. Overall, in this review we will discuss recent findings addressing common mechanisms that are involved in lysosome dysregulation in adipocytes and hepatocytes during obesity, NPC, and Gaucher diseases. We will discuss whether these mechanisms may modulate the function of B cells and how inter-organelle contacts, emerging as relevant cellular mechanisms in the control of lipid homeostasis, have an impact on these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Cabrera-Reyes
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Parra-Ruiz
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Isabel Yuseff
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Silvana Zanlungo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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25
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Yang R, Yin D, Yang D, Liu X, Zhou Q, Pan Y, Li J, Li S. Xinnaokang improves cecal microbiota and lipid metabolism to target atherosclerosis. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 73:779-792. [PMID: 34596907 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to explore the potential mechanisms of Xinnaokang in atherosclerosis treatment. Firstly, the active components of Xinnaokang were analysed by HPLC, which contains ginsenoside Rg1, puerarin, tanshinone, notoginsenoside R1, ammonium glycyrrhizate and glycyrrhizin. Network pharmacology analysis showed there were 145 common targets of Xinnaokang, including the chemical stress, lipid metabolite, lipopolysaccharide, molecules of bacterial origin, nuclear receptor and fluid shear stress pathways. Then, the animal experiment showed that Xinnaokang reduced the body weight and blood lipid levels of atherosclerotic mice. Vascular plaque formation was increased in atherosclerotic mice, which was markedly reversed by Xinnaokang. In addition, Xinnaokang reduced CAV-1 expression and increased ABCA1, SREBP-1 and LXR expressions in the vasculature. Xinnaokang promoted SREBP-2 and LDLR expressions in the liver but decreased IDOL and PCSK9 expressions, indicating that Xinnaokang regulated lipid transport-related protein expression. Cecal microbiota diversity was reduced in atherosclerotic mice but increased after Xinnaokang treatment. Xinnaokang treatment also improved gut microbiota communities by enriching Actinobacteria, Bifidobacteriales and Bifidobacteriaceae abundances. Metabolic profile showed that Xinnaokang significantly reduced homogentisate, phenylacetylglycine, alanine and methionine expressions in the liver of atherosclerotic mice. Xinnaokang effectively alleviated atherosclerosis, and this effect might be linked with the altered features of the liver metabolite profiles and cecal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - D Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - D Yang
- Hunan Zhishoutang Chinese Medicine Co. Ltd, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - X Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Q Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Y Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medical Plants, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - J Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - S Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
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26
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Xu L, Liu Y, Cheng Q, Shen Y, Yuan Y, Jiang X, Li X, Guo D, Jiang J, Lin C. Bmal1 Downregulation Worsens Critical Limb Ischemia by Promoting Inflammation and Impairing Angiogenesis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:712903. [PMID: 34447794 PMCID: PMC8384109 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.712903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is the most advanced clinical stage of peripheral vascular disease with high mobility and mortality. CLI patients suffer from lower extremity rest pain, ulceration, and gangrene caused by insufficient blood and oxygen supply. Seeking for effective biomarkers and therapeutic targets is of great significance for improving the life quality of CLI patients. The circadian clock has been reported to be involved in the progression of kinds of cardiovascular diseases. Whether and how circadian genes play a role in CLI remains unknown. In this study, by collecting femoral artery and muscle specimens of CLI patients who underwent amputation, we confirmed that the circadian gene Bmal1 is downregulated in the CLI femoral artery and ischemic distal lower limb muscle. Furthermore, we verified that Bmal1 affects CLI by regulating lipid metabolism, inflammation, and angiogenesis. A hindlimb ischemia model performed in wild-type and Bmal1−/− mice confirmed that Bmal1 disruption would lead to impaired angiogenesis. In vitro experiments indicated that the decreased expression of Bmal1 would increase ox-LDL uptake and impair endothelial cell functions, including proliferation, migration, and tube formation. As for mechanisms, Bmal1 represses inflammation by inhibiting lipid uptake and by activating IL-10 transcription and promotes angiogenesis by transcriptionally regulating VEGF expression. In conclusion, we provide evidence that the circadian gene Bmal1 plays an important role in CLI by inhibiting inflammation and promoting angiogenesis. Thus, Bmal1 may be an effective biomarker and a potential therapeutic target in CLI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Xu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yutong Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianyun Cheng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Shen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Institute of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Institute of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolang Jiang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Institute of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Institute of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Daqiao Guo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Institute of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junhao Jiang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Institute of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changpo Lin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Institute of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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27
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Zwartjes MSZ, Gerdes VEA, Nieuwdorp M. The Role of Gut Microbiota and Its Produced Metabolites in Obesity, Dyslipidemia, Adipocyte Dysfunction, and Its Interventions. Metabolites 2021; 11:531. [PMID: 34436472 PMCID: PMC8398981 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11080531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is becoming an increasing problem worldwide and is often, but not invariably, associated with dyslipidemia. The gut microbiota is increasingly linked to cardiovascular disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, relatively little focus has been attributed to the role of gut-microbiota-derived metabolites in the development of dyslipidemia and alterations in lipid metabolism. In this review, we discuss current data involved in these processes and point out the therapeutic potentials. We cover the ability of gut microbiota metabolites to alter lipoprotein lipase action, VLDL secretion, and plasma triglyceride levels, and its effects on reverse cholesterol transport, adipocyte dysfunction, and adipose tissue inflammation. Finally, the current intervention strategies for treatment of obesity and dyslipidemia is addressed with emphasis on the role of gut microbiota metabolites and its ability to predict treatment efficacies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max S. Z. Zwartjes
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (V.E.A.G.); (M.N.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis, Spaarnepoort 1, 2134 TM Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
| | - Victor E. A. Gerdes
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (V.E.A.G.); (M.N.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis, Spaarnepoort 1, 2134 TM Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (V.E.A.G.); (M.N.)
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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28
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Bell EM, De Guise S, McCutcheon JR, Lei Y, Levin M, Li B, Rusling JF, Lawrence DA, Cavallari JM, O'Connell C, Javidi B, Wang X, Ryu H. Exposure, health effects, sensing, and remediation of the emerging PFAS contaminants - Scientific challenges and potential research directions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 780:146399. [PMID: 33770593 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) make up a large group of persistent anthropogenic chemicals which are difficult to degrade and/or destroy. PFAS are an emerging class of contaminants, but little is known about the long-term health effects related to exposure. In addition, technologies to identify levels of contamination in the environment and to remediate contaminated sites are currently inadequate. In this opinion-type discussion paper, a team of researchers from the University of Connecticut and the University at Albany discuss the scientific challenges in their specific but intertwined PFAS research areas, including rapid and low-cost detection, energy-saving remediation, the role of T helper cells in immunotoxicity, and the biochemical and molecular effects of PFAS among community residents with measurable PFAS concentrations. Potential research directions that may be employed to address those challenges and improve the understanding of sensing, remediation, exposure to, and health effects of PFAS are then presented. We hope our account of emerging problems related to PFAS contamination will encourage a broad range of scientific experts to bring these research initiatives addressing PFAS into play on a national scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Bell
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany - State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Sylvain De Guise
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Jeffrey R McCutcheon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Yu Lei
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Milton Levin
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Baikun Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - James F Rusling
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Material Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; Department of Surgery and Neag Cancer Center, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06032, USA; School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland at Galway, Ireland
| | - David A Lawrence
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany - State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA; Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Jennifer M Cavallari
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Caitlin O'Connell
- Office of the Vice President for Research, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Bethany Javidi
- Office of the Vice President for Research, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Heejeong Ryu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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29
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Wu TT, Zheng YY, Xiu WJ, Wang WR, Xun YL, Ma YY, Kadir P, Pan Y, Ma YT, Xie X. White Blood Cell Counts to High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio, as a Novel Predictor of Long-Term Adverse Outcomes in Patients After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:616896. [PMID: 34307487 PMCID: PMC8295559 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.616896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: White blood cell (WBC) counts and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are widely available in clinical practice. However, the predictive value for cardiovascular disease (CVD) is uncertain. In the present study, we firstly assessed the prognostic value of WBC to HDL-C ratio (WHR) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: Six thousand and fifty patients with CAD after PCI from a retrospective cohort study (identifier: ChiCTR-INR-16010153) were evaluated initially. Three hundred and seventy-one patients were excluded due to HDL cholesterol data not available, malignancy, dementia, psoriasis or eczema, systemic connective tissue disorders, multiple sclerosis, chronic liver disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder. Finally, 5,679 patients were included in the study. The primary outcome was long-term mortality. Secondary endpoints were mainly major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs), defined as a combination of stroke, cardiac death, stent thrombosis, recurrent myocardial infarction, and target vessel revascularization. The mean follow-up time of this study was 35.9 ± 22.5 months. We defined the best cutoff value of MHR according to the receiver operating curve (ROC), and then patients were divided into high and low WHR groups according to the cutoff value. We analyzed the data in both an acute coronary syndrome group (ACS) and a stable CAD subgroup, respectively. Results: Overall, there were 293 cases of long-term mortality during the follow-up period. According to the cutoff value (WHR = 8.25), 1,901 ACS patients were divided into high WHR group (n = 724) and low WHR group (n = 1,177). Compared to low WHR group, the incidence of all-cause mortality (ACM, 5.5 vs. 3.6%, p = 0.048) and cardiac death (4.7vs. 2.9%, p = 0.042) were significantly higher in the high WHR group. In stable CAD group, we also found the incidence of ACM and cardiac death were significantly higher in the high group compared to that in the low group. We did not find significant difference between the high and the low WHR group in the incidence of MACCEs. The multivariate Cox proportional hazards model showed that increased WHR level was independently correlated with the mortality. In the high WHR group, the risk of ACM increased two times in ACS [adjusted HR = 2.036 (1.258–3.296), p = 0.004] and 1.5 times in stable CAD [adjusted HR = 1.586 (1.178–2.136), p = 0.002]. Conclusion: The present study indicated that an increased WBC count to HDL-C ratio was independently associated with long-term mortality in CAD patients who underwent PCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Wu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Ying-Ying Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wen-Juan Xiu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Wan-Rong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yi-Li Xun
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yan-Yan Ma
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Patigvl Kadir
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Ying Pan
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yi-Tong Ma
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiang Xie
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
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30
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Angiopoietin-like proteins in atherosclerosis. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 521:19-24. [PMID: 34153276 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, as a chronic inflammatory disease within the arterial wall, is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide due to its role in myocardial infarction, stroke and peripheral artery disease. Additional evidence is emerging that the angiopoietin-like (ANGPTL) family of proteins participate in the pathology of this disease process via endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, dyslipidemia, calcification, foam cell formation and platelet activation. This review summarizes current knowledge on the ANGPTL family of proteins in atherosclerosis related pathological processes. Moreover, the potential value of ANGPTL family proteins as predictive biomarkers in atherosclerosis is discussed. Given the attractive role of ANGPTL3, ANGPTL4, ANGPTL8 in atherosclerotic dyslipidemia via regulation of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), antisense oligonucleotide or/and monoclonal antibody-based inactivation of these proteins represent potential atherosclerotic therapies.
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31
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Hu X, Li X, Xiao C, Kong L, Zhu Q, Song Z. Effects of Dietary Energy Level on Performance, Plasma Parameters, and Central AMPK Levels in Stressed Broilers. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:681858. [PMID: 34124230 PMCID: PMC8192699 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.681858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the effects of diets with different energy levels on the growth performance, plasma parameters, and central AMPK signaling pathway in broilers under dexamethasone (DEX)-induced stress. A total of 216 1-day-old male broiler chickens were allocated to groups fed with high (HED), National Research Council-recommended (control), or low (LED) energy diets. At 10 days old, chickens were treated with or without dexamethasone (DEX, 2 mg/kg body weight) for 3 consecutive days. HED increased broiler average daily gain (ADG) at 10 days old, compared with the LED (P < 0.05), while average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion rate (FCR) decreased as the dietary energy level increased (P < 0.05). Chickens fed a HED had higher total protein (TP) content, albumin (ALB), glucose (GLU), total cholesterol (TCHO), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, compared with the control group (P < 0.05). At 13 days old, DEX decreased ADG and increased FCR in broilers fed with different energy diets (P < 0.05). The DEX-HED group had a higher ADFI than non-DEX treated HED group chickens. In addition, TP, ALB, triglycerides (TG), TCHO, HDL, and LDL content levels in the DEX group were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The uric acid (UA) content of the LED group was higher than that of the HED group (P < 0.05). Further, gene expression levels of liver kinase B1, AMP-activated protein kinase α1, neuropeptide Y, and GC receptor in the hypothalamus were increased in chickens treated with DEX (P < 0.05). There was a trend toward interaction between plasma TCHO and hypothalamic LKB1 expression (0.05 < P < 0.1). In conclusion, this study suggests that HED improves growth performance, plasma glucose and total cholesterol at 10 days old broilers, but had no significant effect on performance, plasma parameters, and central AMPK in stressed broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyi Hu
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Xianlei Li
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Chuanpi Xiao
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.,Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Linglian Kong
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Qidong Zhu
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Zhigang Song
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
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32
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Karantas ID, Okur ME, Okur NÜ, Siafaka PI. Dyslipidemia Management in 2020: An Update on Diagnosis and Therapeutic Perspectives. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 21:815-834. [PMID: 32778041 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200810144004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in the modern world and dyslipidemia is one of the major risk factors. The current therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular diseases involve the management of risk factors, especially dyslipidemia and hypertension. Recently, the updated guidelines of dyslipidemia management were presented, and the newest data were included in terms of diagnosis, imaging, and treatment. In this targeted literature review, the researchers presented the most recent evidence on dyslipidemia management by including the current therapeutic goals for it. In addition, the novel diagnostic tools based on theranostics are shown. Finally, the future perspectives on treatment based on novel drug delivery systems and their potential to be used in clinical trials were also analyzed. It should be noted that dyslipidemia management can be achieved by the strict lifestyle change, i.e., by adopting a healthy life, and choosing the most suitable medication. This review can help medical professionals as well as specialists of other sciences to update their knowledge on dyslipidemia management, which can lead to better therapeutic outcomes and newer drug developments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehmet E Okur
- University of Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Ü Okur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Panoraia I Siafaka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
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He ZZ, Guo PY, Xu SL, Zhou Y, Jalaludin B, Leskinen A, Knibbs LD, Heinrich J, Morawska L, Yim SHL, Bui D, Komppula M, Roponen M, Hu L, Chen G, Zeng XW, Yu Y, Yang BY, Dong G. Associations of Particulate Matter Sizes and Chemical Constituents with Blood Lipids: A Panel Study in Guangzhou, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:5065-5075. [PMID: 33764049 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Existing evidence is scarce concerning the various effects of different PM sizes and chemical constituents on blood lipids. A panel study that involved 88 healthy college students with five repeated measurements (440 blood samples in total) was performed. We measured mass concentrations of particulate matter with diameters ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5), ≤1.0 μm (PM1.0), and ≤0.5 μm (PM0.5) as well as number concentrations of particulate matter with diameters ≤ 0.2 μm (PN0.2) and ≤0.1 μm (PN0.1). We applied linear mixed-effect models to assess the associations between short-term exposure to different PM size fractions and PM2.5 constituents and seven lipid metrics. We found significant associations of greater concentrations of PM in different size fractions within 5 days before blood collection with lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and apolipoprotein A (ApoA1) levels, higher apolipoprotein B (ApoB) levels, and lower ApoA1/ApoB ratios. Among the PM2.5 constituents, we observed that higher concentrations of tin and lead were significantly associated with decreased HDL-C levels, and higher concentrations of nickel were associated with higher HDL-C levels. Our results suggest that short-term exposure to PM in different sizes was deleteriously associated with blood lipids. Some constituents, especially metals, might be the major contributors to the detrimental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Zhou He
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Peng-Yue Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shu-Li Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Bin Jalaludin
- Centre for Air Quality and Health Research and Evaluation, Glebe, NSW 2037, Australia
- Population Health, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Ari Leskinen
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Kuopio 70211, Finland
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Luke D Knibbs
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Joachim Heinrich
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich 80336, Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich, German Center for Lung Research, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Lidia Morawska
- International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), GP.O. Box 2434, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Steve Hung-Lam Yim
- Department of Geography and Resource Management, Stanley Ho Big Data Decision Analytics Research Centre, Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Dinh Bui
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Mika Komppula
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Marjut Roponen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, FI 70211, Finland
| | - Liwen Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Gongbo Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yunjiang Yu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Bo-Yi Yang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Guanghui Dong
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou 510655, China
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Sheha DS, El-Korashi LA, AbdAllah AM, El-Begermy MM, Elmahdi AR. Dyslipidemia among allergic rhinitis patients: Frequency and risk factors. World Allergy Organ J 2021; 14:100523. [PMID: 33747342 PMCID: PMC7937983 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2021.100523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although cumulative data strongly suggest an association between dyslipidemia and allergic disorders, especially asthma, evidence regarding allergic rhinitis (AR) is lacking. We aimed to assess frequency and associated risk factors of dyslipidemia among patients with AR. Methods The current study is a cross-sectional study that recruited 150 AR patients by systematic randomization. Blood samples for serum lipid profile, total immunoglobulin E (IgE) and serum interleukin-17A (IL-17A) were withdrawn from all patients. Results Dyslipidemia was prevalent in 84 AR patients (56%). Higher levels of total IgE, IL17-A, and sensitization to hay dust and mixed mites significantly increased the risk of dyslipidemia among AR patients by 1.004, 1.062, 4.057 and 3.652 respectively (P < 0.05). Conclusion High serum total IgE level, high serum IL-17A level, and sensitization to hay dust and mixed mites are independent risk factors for dyslipidemia among AR patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina S Sheha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Lobna A El-Korashi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amany M AbdAllah
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Marwa M El-Begermy
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amira R Elmahdi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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35
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Sarangi R, Bahinipati J, Pathak M, Mahapatra S. Is data mining approach a best fit formula for estimation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol? J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:327-332. [PMID: 34017748 PMCID: PMC8132799 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1734_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: With the change in the National Cholesterol Education Program ATP III guidelines, the risk of developing atherosclerosis has been now focused on total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels. Different treatment modalities are now targeted at lowering LDL cholesterol values. Hence greater emphasis is now led on the accurate and precise measurement of LDL cholesterol. Beta-quantification, though, is the best reference method for LDL cholesterol estimation, it has the disadvantage of being inconvenient in our routine practice. The new generation direct homogenous assay is now the method of choice. But being more expensive, various calculated methods have now been developed. This study is an attempt to compare different calculated formula with direct cholesterol assessment and to find out the best one. Materials and Methods: We compared LDL cholesterol measured by direct homogenous assay with the data mining approach (DM) and another calculated formula [Friedewald's Formula (FF) and Anandaraja Formula (AF)] in 266 samples with age greater than 18 years. Enrolled participants were divided into seven groups based upon their TG levels. Mean, percentage difference, and the correlation coefficient was assessed between calculated and direct LDL. Bland–Altman analysis was done to see the agreement between calculated vs direct LDL. All formulas were assessed among various TG levels with direct LDL by the Wilcoxon sign rank test. Result: 1% level of significance was found between calculated and direct LDL with TG < 600 mg/dl. Mean and the percentage difference between direct and calculated LDL was lowest with the DM approach. Bland–Altman plot shows the best agreement of the DM approach with direct LDL. Conclusion: This study indicates that the DM approach is closer to direct LDL compared to FF & AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajlaxmi Sarangi
- Department of Biochemistry, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Jyotirmayee Bahinipati
- Department of Biochemistry, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Mona Pathak
- Department of Biostatistics, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Srikrushna Mahapatra
- Department of Biochemistry, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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36
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Zhao Y, Li M, Tian X, Xie J, Liu P, Ying X, Wang M, Yuan J, Gao Y, Tian F, Yan X. Effects of arsenic exposure on lipid metabolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Toxicol Mech Methods 2021; 31:188-196. [PMID: 33472496 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2020.1864537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism dysfunction is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Reportedly, arsenic exposure could affect lipid metabolism, but this finding remains controversial. Herein, we updated and reevaluated evidence regarding the relationship between arsenic exposure and lipid metabolism. Electronic and manual searches were performed to determine the effect of arsenic exposure on lipid metabolism from inception up to 30 November 2019. Overall, five studies were included in our meta-analysis. Two reviewers independently extracted information. Standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to analyze the combined effects of four indicators related to lipid metabolism (total cholesterol [TC], triglyceride [TG], high-density lipoprotein [HDL], low-density lipoprotein [LDL]). Afterwards, subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed to explore the source of heterogeneity. Publication bias was tested using funnel plots and Begg's test. In this study, we observed that arsenic exposure can affect lipid metabolism by reducing serum HDL levels and increasing serum LDL levels. Following subgroup analysis, the arsenic concentration appeared to affect lipid metabolism. Funnel plot and Begg's test suggested no asymmetry. In conclusion, we recommend that potential influencing factors, including age, exposure time, and multiple concentration gradients, should be considered to further explore the relationship between arsenic exposure and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannan Zhao
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Meng Li
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaolin Tian
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Jiaxin Xie
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Penghui Liu
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaodong Ying
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Meng Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jiyu Yuan
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yi Gao
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Fengjie Tian
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yan
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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Germanova O, Shchukin Y, Germanov V, Galati G, Germanov A. Extrasystolic arrhythmia: is it an additional risk factor of atherosclerosis? Minerva Cardiol Angiol 2021; 70:32-39. [PMID: 33427426 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5683.20.05490-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extrasystolic arrhythmia is not included in the list of risk factors of atherosclerosis. The aim of this investigation was to determine the relationship between atherosclerosis of main arteries and extrasystolic arrhythmia. METHODS We included 286 patients in our investigation. We performed 24-hours ECG monitoring, blood lipids analysis, transthoracic echocardiography, ultrasound Doppler of brachiocephalic arteries, abdominal aorta branches, lower extremities arteries, renal arteries. If prescribed we performed stress echocardiography, transesophageal echocardiography, coronary angiography, renal arteries angiography, pancerebral angiography. So, the investigation was made for the active revealing of atherosclerotic signs. The main parameters of heart biomechanics and main arteries kinetics we calculated using apexcardiography and sphygmography and included: speed, acceleration, power, work in each phase of the cardiocycle by apexcardiography, as well as in period of prevalence of inflow over outflow and in period of prevalence of outflow over inflow in sphygmography. All the patients were divided into two main groups according to the quantity of extrasystoles per 24 hours: 1 group - less than 3000, 2 group -3000 extrasystoles and more per 24 hours. RESULTS We determined that the atherosclerotic process was more advanced and more often the group 2. The atherosclerosis was more severe in patients with extrasystoles before the mitral valve opening and in fast ventricles' filling phase in cardiocycle. The main parameters of heart biomechanics and main arteries kinetics (speed, acceleration, power, work) calculated by apexcardiography and sphygmography increased with the further tendency: if earlier extrasystole appears in cardiocycle, than more changes were observed. Analyzing the methods of physics for fluid movement - Newton equation for liquids and Reynold number - we demonstrated that in extrasystolic arrhythmia in first post-extrasystolic wave there are the conditions for the turbulent blood flow that can cause the onset and progressing of atherosclerotic process. CONCLUSIONS Extrasystolic arrhythmia is an additional risk factor of main arteries atherosclerosis. Especially this thesis is fair for the extrasystoles that appear in cardiocycle before the mitral valve opening and in fast ventricles' filling phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Germanova
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia -
| | - Yuri Shchukin
- Department of Propedeutical Therapy, Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia
| | - Vladimir Germanov
- Department of Faculty Surgery, Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia
| | - Giuseppe Galati
- Unit of Heart Failure, Division of Cardiology, Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrey Germanov
- Department of Propedeutical Therapy, Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia
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Ren Z, Wang Y, Chen Q, Long J, Zhang R, Wu X, Qian W, Chen Y, Liu D, Ren W. Correlation of Significantly Decreased Serum Circulating Mesencephalic Astrocyte-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Level With an Increased Risk of Future Cardiovascular Disease in Adult Patients With Growth Hormone Deficiency. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:671126. [PMID: 34220710 PMCID: PMC8242342 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.671126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adult growth hormone deficiency (AGHD) is a rare chronic inflammatory disease caused by damage to the pituitary gland and is accompanied by disorders of multiple metabolic pathways. By examining the correlation between the serum mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) levels of AGHD patients and those of normal controls, we hope to elucidate the close relationship among MANF, lipid metabolism and insulin resistance in AGHD and discuss the potential therapeutic value of MANF. METHODS This study included 101 AGHD patients and 100 healthy subjects matched for sex, age, height, and weight. Anthropometric parameters and biochemical indicators such as body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, serum MANF level, blood lipids and insulin level were measured. The above patients were also divided into several subgroups for correlation analysis based on indicators such as insulin resistance and BMI. RESULTS The serum circulating MANF content of AGHD patients was significantly lower than that of the normal control group (5.235 (0.507-17.62) ng/ml (n=101) vs. 10.30 (1.84-16.65) ng/ml (n=100); p<0.0001), and circulating MANF levels were linearly correlated with HOMA-IR in the AGHD population (R=0.481, P=0.0041). When MANF was at pathological concentrations (lower than the mean circulating MANF of normal controls), the lowest concentration tertile (OR=21.429 p<0.0001) had a significantly higher disease odds ratio, Framingham risk score and 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease than the highest concentration tertile. CONCLUSIONS MANF has a significant correlation with insulin resistance in the AGHD state. There is a strong correlation with abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism in the obese AGHD population. MANF is also a good assessment factor for the risk of cardiovascular disease in AGHD patients and has excellent therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Ren
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunting Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiangchuan Long
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xun Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjie Qian
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Chen
- General Practice, The 958 Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongfang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Dongfang Liu, ; ; Wei Ren,
| | - Wei Ren
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Dongfang Liu, ; ; Wei Ren,
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Vezza T, Canet F, de Marañón AM, Bañuls C, Rocha M, Víctor VM. Phytosterols: Nutritional Health Players in the Management of Obesity and Its Related Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121266. [PMID: 33322742 PMCID: PMC7763348 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its related disorders, such as diabetes and cardiovascular risk, represent an emerging global health issue. Even though genetic factors seem to be the primary actors in the development and progression of these diseases, dietary choices also appear to be of crucial importance. A healthy diet combined with physical activity have been shown to ameliorate glycaemic levels and insulin sensitivity, reduce body weight and the risk of chronic diseases, and contribute to an overall improvement in quality of life. Among nutrients, phytosterols have become the focus of growing attention as novel functional foods in the management of metabolic disorders. Phytosterols are natural plant compounds belonging to the triterpene family and are structurally similar to cholesterol. They are known for their cholesterol-lowering effects, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and the benefits they offer to the immune system. The present review aims to provide an overview of these bioactive compounds and their therapeutic potential in the fields of obesity and metabolic disorders, with special attention given to oxidative stress, inflammatory status, and gut dysbiosis, all common features of the aforementioned diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Vezza
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (T.V.); (F.C.); (A.M.d.M.)
| | - Francisco Canet
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (T.V.); (F.C.); (A.M.d.M.)
| | - Aranzazu M. de Marañón
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (T.V.); (F.C.); (A.M.d.M.)
| | - Celia Bañuls
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (T.V.); (F.C.); (A.M.d.M.)
- Correspondence: (C.B.); (M.R.); (V.M.V.); Tel.: +34-963-189-132 (V.M.V.); Fax: +34-961-622-492 (V.M.V.)
| | - Milagros Rocha
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (T.V.); (F.C.); (A.M.d.M.)
- CIBERehd, Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (C.B.); (M.R.); (V.M.V.); Tel.: +34-963-189-132 (V.M.V.); Fax: +34-961-622-492 (V.M.V.)
| | - Víctor Manuel Víctor
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (T.V.); (F.C.); (A.M.d.M.)
- CIBERehd, Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (C.B.); (M.R.); (V.M.V.); Tel.: +34-963-189-132 (V.M.V.); Fax: +34-961-622-492 (V.M.V.)
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A structured DAG enriched mustard oil system ameliorates hypercholesterolemia through modulation of AMPK and NF-κB signaling system. PHARMANUTRITION 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2020.100224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Anonna SN, Ahamed SK, Uddin MG, Adnan MT, Uddin SMN, Hussain MS, Millat MS, Bulbul L, Bhatta R, Sarwar MS, Rashid MMU, Chowdhury JA, Islam MS. A clinical evaluation of the alterations in the level of serum zinc, copper, iron, and manganese in the ischemic heart disease patients of Bangladesh - A case-control study. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05311. [PMID: 33102882 PMCID: PMC7578678 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is a major cause of death globally. Countries vary in their rates, and changes have occurred over time. Nowadays, developing countries pose new public health challenges. Objectives The objective of the present study was to appraise the alterations in the levels of serum Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn that occur in patients with ischemic heart disease and to depict the correlations of the effects of these changes that lead to the pathogenesis of IHD. Methods Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn in the IHD patients were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Results This study evaluated 52 patients with IHD, and 61 healthy volunteers served as controls. The primary outcomes of interest were explored regarding the correlations of the serum levels of these trace elements in patients with IHD. The secondary outcomes were explored in terms of inter-element relations to connect them with the pathogenesis of IHD. Our study found significantly reduced levels of Zn and Cu (2.50 ± 0.19 mg/L and 2.52 ± 0.17 mg/L, respectively) and an elevated level of Fe (148.97 ± 17.25 mg/L) in the patient group with IHD. The level of Mn (7.32 ± 1.23 mg/L) was elevated in the sera of the patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) compared to healthy control subjects. Conclusion Our results indicate strong associations of the pathogenesis of IHD with depleted serum levels of Zn and Cu and elevated Fe and Mn levels, which may provide a prognostic tool for the treatment of this concerning the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamima Nasrin Anonna
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md Giash Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Md Tarek Adnan
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh
| | - S M Naim Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Md Saddam Hussain
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shalahuddin Millat
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh
| | - Latifa Bulbul
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh
| | - Rita Bhatta
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shahid Sarwar
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mamun Ur Rashid
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh
| | - Jakir Ahmed Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Safiqul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh
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Xu F, Ma X, Zhu Y, Sutterland A, Cheng R, Miao S, Chen J, Qiu L, Zhou Y. Effects of Toxoplasma gondii infection and schizophrenia comorbidity on serum lipid profile: A population retrospective study from Eastern China. Microb Pathog 2020; 149:104587. [PMID: 33091579 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), a parasitic protozoa that is associated with various psychiatric disorders. Both T. gondii infection and disturbed host's lipid profile are common in schizophrenia patients. However, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain speculative. Also, the characteristics of serum lipid levels in schizophrenia patients comorbid with T. gondii infection are not clear. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the influence of chronic T. gondii infection on the characteristic physiological indexes of schizophrenia patients so as to provide some insights into finding target therapeutic drugs. METHODS In this study, the effect of chronic T. gondii infection on serum lipid profile was retrospectively analysed in 1719 schizophrenic patients and 1552 healthy subjects from Eastern China. RESULTS The overall prevalence of Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against T. gondii (17.98%) in schizophrenia patients was significantly higher than healthy controls (7.35%, χ2 = 81.831, P = 0.000). Compared to T. gondii IgG-seronegative schizophrenia patients, IgG-seropositive group had higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (P = 0.000) and triglycerides (TG) (P = 0.000) levels, while total cholesterol (TC) (P = 0.000) levels showed an opposite tendency in IgG-seropositive cases. We also found significant correlation between T. gondii seropositivity and increased TG (P = 0.000) and TC levels (P = 0.000) in schizophrenia patients. Binary regression analysis also showed that decreased TC level was more common among schizophrenia patients with T. gondii seropositivity compared to seronegative subjects (OR = 0.617, 95%CI = 0.509-0.749, P = 0.000). CONCLUSION Patients with chronic T. gondii infection and comorbid schizophrenia had higher HDL and TG levels, while cholesterol levels showed an opposite trend. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report focus on the host's lipid profile of chronic T. gondii infection and comorbid schizophrenia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China; Key Laboratory of National Health Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases and Public Health Research Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214064, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyu Ma
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China
| | - Yuwei Zhu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China
| | - Arjen Sutterland
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ruitang Cheng
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China
| | - Sunhan Miao
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China
| | - Jialu Chen
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China
| | - Liying Qiu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China
| | - Yonghua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of National Health Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases and Public Health Research Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214064, Jiangsu, China.
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Heghes SC, Filip L, Vostinaru O, Mogosan C, Miere D, Iuga CA, Moldovan M. Essential Oil-Bearing Plants From Balkan Peninsula: Promising Sources for New Drug Candidates for the Prevention and Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus and Dyslipidemia. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:989. [PMID: 32695007 PMCID: PMC7339870 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic diseases like diabetes mellitus or dyslipidemia have a complex etiology characterized by the interference of genetic predisposition and environmental factors like diet or lifestyle. Over time they can cause significant vascular complications, leading to dysfunction or failure of key organs (brain, heart), with possible fatal consequences or a severe reduction of life quality. Although current authorized drugs may successfully control blood glucose or cholesterol level, their use is often associated with severe side effects, therefore the development of new drug candidates is necessary for a better management of metabolic diseases. Among potential new drug sources, aromatic plants rich in essential oils like Melissa officinalis L., Mentha x piperita L., Cuminum cyminum L. or Pistacia lentiscus L. var. chia are very promising due to their diverse chemical composition and multiple mechanisms of action. This review describes a series of recent experimental studies investigating antidiabetic and hypolipemic effects of essential oils extracted from several aromatic plant species with an ethnopharmacological relevance in the Balkan peninsula. The pharmacological models used in the studies together with the putative mechanisms of action of the main constituents are also detailed. The presented data clearly sustain a potential administration of the studied essential oils for the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases. Further research is needed in order to ascertain the therapeutic importance of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Codruta Heghes
- Department of Drug Analysis, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lorena Filip
- Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Oliviu Vostinaru
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Physiopathology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristina Mogosan
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Physiopathology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Doina Miere
- Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristina Adela Iuga
- Department of Drug Analysis, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mirela Moldovan
- Department of Dermopharmacy and Cosmetics, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Ghasemi H, Nari N. Effect of supplementary betaine on growth performance, blood biochemical profile, and immune response in heat-stressed broilers fed different dietary protein levels. J APPL POULTRY RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Zaric B, Obradovic M, Trpkovic A, Banach M, Mikhailidis DP, Isenovic ER. Endothelial Dysfunction in Dyslipidaemia: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Implications. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:1021-1040. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190903112146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The endothelium consists of a monolayer of Endothelial Cells (ECs) which form
the inner cellular lining of veins, arteries, capillaries and lymphatic vessels. ECs interact with
the blood and lymph. The endothelium fulfils functions such as vasodilatation, regulation of
adhesion, infiltration of leukocytes, inhibition of platelet adhesion, vessel remodeling and
lipoprotein metabolism. ECs synthesize and release compounds such as Nitric Oxide (NO),
metabolites of arachidonic acid, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and enzymes that degrade
the extracellular matrix. Endothelial dysfunction represents a phenotype prone to atherogenesis
and may be used as a marker of atherosclerotic risk. Such dysfunction includes impaired
synthesis and availability of NO and an imbalance in the relative contribution of endothelialderived
relaxing factors and contracting factors such as endothelin-1 and angiotensin. This
dysfunction appears before the earliest anatomic evidence of atherosclerosis and could be an
important initial step in further development of atherosclerosis. Endothelial dysfunction was
historically treated with vitamin C supplementation and L-arginine supplementation. Short
term improvement of the expression of adhesion molecule and endothelial function during
antioxidant therapy has been observed. Statins are used in the treatment of hyperlipidaemia, a
risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Future studies should focus on identifying the mechanisms
involved in the beneficial effects of statins on the endothelium. This may help develop
drugs specifically aimed at endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozidarka Zaric
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Obradovic
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andreja Trpkovic
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, WAM University Hospital in Lodz, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Dimitri P. Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
| | - Esma R. Isenovic
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Lorigo M, Mariana M, Lemos MC, Cairrao E. Vascular mechanisms of testosterone: The non-genomic point of view. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 196:105496. [PMID: 31655180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Testosterone (T) is the predominant endogenous androgen in the bloodstream. At the vascular level, T presents genomic and non-genomic effects, and both effects may overlap. The genomic actions assume that androgens can freely cross the plasma membrane of target cells and bind to nuclear androgen receptors, inducing gene transcription and protein synthesis. The non-genomic effects have a more rapid onset and may be related to the interaction with protein/receptor/ion channels of the plasma membrane. The key T effect at the vascular level is vasorelaxation, which is primarily due to its rapid effect. Thus, the main purpose of this review is to discuss the T non-genomic effects at the vascular level and the molecular pathways involved in its vasodilator effect observed in in vivo and in vitro studies. In this sense, the nuclear receptor activation, the influence of vascular endothelium and the activation or inhibition of ion channels (potassium and calcium channels, respectively) will be reviewed regarding all the data that corroborated or not. Moreover, this review also provides a brief update on the association of T with the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, namely metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, atherosclerosis, dyslipidaemia, and hypertension. In summary, in this paper we consider the non-genomic vascular mode of action of androgen in physiological conditions and the main risk factors for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Lorigo
- CICS-UBI - Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Melissa Mariana
- CICS-UBI - Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Manuel C Lemos
- CICS-UBI - Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Elisa Cairrao
- CICS-UBI - Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
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Arshad MA, Bhatti SA, Hassan I, Rahman MA, Rehman MS. Effects of Bile Acids and Lipase Supplementation in Low-Energy Diets on Growth Performance, Fat Digestibility and Meat Quality in Broiler Chickens. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2020-1258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - I Hassan
- Sharif Feed Mills (Pvt.) Ltd, Pakistan
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Wang Y, Wang G, Jing R, Hu T, Likhodii S, Sun G, Randell E, Jia G, Yu T, Zhang W. Metabolomics analysis of human plasma metabolites reveals the age- and sex-specific associations. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2019.1701016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Guangshu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Ru’nan Jing
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Ting Hu
- Department of Computer Science, Memorial University, St John’s, Canada
| | - Sergei Likhodii
- Provincial Toxicology Centre, Provincial Health Services Authority, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Guang Sun
- Faculty of Medicine, Discipline of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John’s, Canada
| | - Edward Randell
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial University, St. John’s, Canada
| | - Guihua Jia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Tianmiao Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
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Lorigo M, Mariana M, Oliveira N, Lemos MC, Cairrao E. Vascular Pathways of Testosterone: Clinical Implications. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2019; 13:55-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s12265-019-09939-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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50
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Gumanova NG. Analytical complex of biochemical markers for preclinical diagnosis and prevention of cardiovascular diseases. КАРДИОВАСКУЛЯРНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКА 2019. [DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2019-5-117-127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N. G. Gumanova
- National Medical Research Center for Preventive Medicine
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