1
|
Manuschai J, Sotozono M, Takenaka S, Kornsombut N, Takahashi R, Saito R, Nagata R, Ida T, Noiri Y. In Vitro Inhibitory Effect of Silver Diamine Fluoride Combined with Potassium Iodide against Mixed-Species Biofilm Formation on Human Root Dentin. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:743. [PMID: 39200043 PMCID: PMC11350696 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13080743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Applying a saturated potassium iodide (KI) solution immediately after silver diamine fluoride (SDF) application may affect the inhibitory effects of SDF on biofilm formation. This study compared the efficacy of 38% SDF with and without KI on preventing mixed-species biofilm formation on human root dentin surfaces and assessed ion incorporation into root dentin. The biofilms, composed of Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and Actinomyces naeslundii, were grown on specimen surfaces treated with either SDF or SDF + KI. After 24 h, the biofilms were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, live/dead staining, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) assays, colony-forming unit (CFU) counts, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. A Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the results between the groups. Ion incorporation was assessed using an electron probe microanalyzer. The relative ATP content in the SDF + KI group was significantly higher than that in the SDF group (p < 0.05). However, biofilm morphology and the logarithmic reduction in CFUs and bacterial DNA were comparable across the groups. The SDF + KI treatment resulted in less silver and fluoride ion incorporation than that yielded by SDF alone. The inhibitory effects of SDF and SDF + KI on mixed-species biofilm formation were almost equivalent, although KI application affected the ion incorporation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jutharat Manuschai
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan; (J.M.)
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90112, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Maki Sotozono
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan; (J.M.)
| | - Shoji Takenaka
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan; (J.M.)
| | - Niraya Kornsombut
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan; (J.M.)
| | - Ryouhei Takahashi
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan; (J.M.)
| | - Rui Saito
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan; (J.M.)
| | - Ryoko Nagata
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan; (J.M.)
| | - Takako Ida
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan; (J.M.)
| | - Yuichiro Noiri
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan; (J.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sun Y, Chen Y, Du Q, Zhang J, Xu M, Zheng G, Zhou W, Zhou X, Qiu L, Pan Y, Zhang K. Fluoride-resistant Streptococcus mutans within cross-kingdom biofilms support Candida albicans growth under fluoride and attenuate the in vitro anti-caries effect of fluorine. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1399525. [PMID: 39035442 PMCID: PMC11257928 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1399525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Fluoride-resistant Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) might affect the ecological balance of biofilms in the presence of fluoride. We used a S. mutans and Candida albicans (C. albicans) cross-kingdom biofilm model to investigate whether fluoride-resistant S. mutans in biofilms would support C. albicans growth under fluoride stress and attenuate the in vitro anti-caries effect of fluorine. The impact of fluoride-resistant S. mutans on formation of cross-kingdom biofilms by S. mutans and C. albicans in the presence of fluoride was investigated in vitro using the crystal violet staining assay. Biofilm constitution was determined using colony-forming unit (CFU) counts and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) generation in biofilms was determined by EPS/bacterial dying and water-insoluble polysaccharide detection. Acid production and demineralization were monitored using pH, lactic acid content, and transversal microradiography (TMR). The gene expression of microorganisms in the cross-kingdom biofilm was measured using qRT-PCR. Our results showed that both C. albicans and fluoride-resistant S. mutans grew vigorously, forming robust cross-kingdom biofilms, even in the presence of sodium fluoride (NaF). Moreover, fluoride-resistant S. mutans-containing cross-kingdom biofilms had considerable cariogenic potential for EPS synthesis, acid production, and demineralization ability in the presence of NaF than fluoride-sensitive S. mutans-containing biofilms. Furthermore, the gene expression of microorganisms in the two cross-kingdom biofilms changed dissimilarly in the presence of NaF. In summary, fluoride-resistant S. mutans in cross-kingdom biofilms supported C. albicans growth under fluoride and might attenuate the anti-caries potential of fluorine by maintaining robust cross-kingdom biofilm formation and cariogenic virulence expression in vitro in the presence of NaF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yanhan Chen
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qian Du
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Muxin Xu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Gaozhe Zheng
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial, Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinxuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lili Qiu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yihuai Pan
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Keke Zhang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Miranda ML, Danelon M, Delbem ACB, Kopp W, Nunes GP, Brighenti FL. Enhanced anti-biofilm and anti-caries potential of arginine combined with calcium glycerophosphate and fluoride. J Dent 2024; 146:105039. [PMID: 38714243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this work was to evaluate the antibiofilm and anticaries properties of the association of arginine (Arg) with calcium glycerophosphate (CaGP) and fluoride (F). METHODS An active attachment, polymicrobial biofilm model obtained from saliva and bovine teeth discs were used. After the initial biofilm growth period, the enamel discs were transferred to culture medium. The treatment solutions were added to the culture media to achieve the desired final concentration. The following groups were used: negative control (Control); F (110 ppm F); CaGP (0.05 %); Arg (0.8 %) and their associations (F + CaGP; Arg + F; Arg + CaGP; Arg +F + CaGP). The following analyses were carried out: bacterial viability (total bacteria, aciduric bacteria and mutans streptococci), pH assessment of the spent culture medium, dry weight quantification, evaluation of surface hardness loss (%SH) and subsurface mineral content. Normality and homoscedasticity were tested (Shapiro-Wilk and Levene's test) and the following tests were applied: two-way ANOVA (acidogenicity), Kruskall-Wallis (microbial viability) and one way ANOVA (dry weight, %SH, mineral content). RESULTS The association Arg + F + CaGP resulted in the lowest surface hardness loss in tooth enamel (-10.9 ± 2.3 %; p < 0.05). Arg +F + CaGP exhibited highest values of subsurface mineral content (10.1 ± 2.9 gHAP/cm3) in comparison to Control and F (p < 0.05). In comparison to Control and F, Arg +F + CaGP promoted the highest reduction in aciduric bacteria and mutans streptococci (5.7 ± 0.4; 4.4 ± 0.5 logCFU/mL, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The Arg-F-Ca association demonstrated to be the most effective combination in protecting the loss of surface hardness and subsurface mineral content, in addition to controlling important virulence factors of the cariogenic biofilm. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Our findings provide evidence that the Arg-F-Ca association showed an additive effect, particularly concerning protection against enamel demineralization. The combination of these compounds may be a strategy for patients at high risk of caries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Lins Miranda
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, Department of Morphology, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelle Danelon
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brasil
| | - Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brasil
| | - Willian Kopp
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, Department of Morphology, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Pereira Nunes
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brasil
| | - Fernanda Lourenção Brighenti
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, Department of Morphology, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zheng FM, Adiatman M, Chu CH, Crystal YO, Featherstone JD, Hoang TH, Kim BI, Ogawa H, Pitiphat W, Kadir RA, Wong ML, Zheng S. Recommendations on Topical Fluoride Usage for Caries Management in East Asia. Int Dent J 2024:S0020-6539(24)00120-5. [PMID: 38871599 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2024.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is a widespread oral health issue in Asia, affecting an estimated 30% to 90% of children and adults. Many caries cases remain untreated, resulting in pain and infection. In response, the Asian Academy of Preventive Dentistry (AAPD) emphasises comprehensive caries management and organised a fluoride workshop at the 15th International Conference of the AAPD in 2023. The AAPD invited a group of experts to form a fluoride working group to review existing literature and develop fluoride recommendations for stakeholders across Asian countries and regions. The working group assessed caries risk and identified commonly used topical fluoride products for home care, professional, and community settings in Asia. The working group concluded that fluoride is a safe and highly effective strategy to reduce caries prevalence and incidence. The working group provided key recommendations based on successful regional caries management practices: (1) use topical fluoride for prevention and control of dental caries; (2) encourage the use of fluoride toothpaste with a concentration of at least 1,000 ppm for effective caries reduction; (3) advise a 0.05% fluoride mouth rinse as soon as children can spit it out to prevent early childhood caries; (4) deliver professionally administered fluoride, such as 5% sodium fluoride varnish, 2% fluoride gel, or 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride preparations, to decrease dental caries in at-risk individuals; and (5) apply 38% silver diamine fluoride to arrest cavitated caries. These recommendations aim to help practitioners, health care providers, and parents/caregivers make informed decisions about fluoride use as part of comprehensive oral health care in the region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Melissa Adiatman
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Chun Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | | | - John D Featherstone
- School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Trong Hung Hoang
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Baek Il Kim
- College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hiroshi Ogawa
- Faculty of Dentistry, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | | | - Rahimah Abdul Kadir
- Centre for Addiction Science Studies, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mun Loke Wong
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shuguo Zheng
- Peking University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Klaophimai A, Tosrisawatkasem O, Horsophonphong S. Antibacterial effects of children's and adults' toothpastes containing different amounts of fluoride: An in vitro study. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2024; 18:23-28. [PMID: 38881638 PMCID: PMC11179140 DOI: 10.34172/joddd.40705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, fluoride concentrations in toothpaste for children and adults have increased. However, the effects of different concentrations on bacterial activity have rarely been compared. We aimed to investigate and compare the antibacterial activity of children's and adults' toothpaste containing 500, 1000‒1100, and 1450‒1500 ppm fluoride. Methods Three strains of bacteria (Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus salivarius, and Lactobacillus casei) were cultured in brain heart infusion agar. Thirty commercially available toothpaste products for children and adults containing 500, 1000‒1100, and 1450‒1500 ppm fluoride were selected and tested. Toothpaste's ability to inhibit bacterial growth was evaluated by agar diffusion assay, in which plates were incubated for 24 hours, and then the diameter of the microbial inhibition zone was measured. Comparisons between children's and adults' fluoride toothpastes were made using the Mann-Whitney U test. The association between bacterial growth inhibition and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) was analyzed by the chi-square test. A P value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results No difference in the inhibition zone was observed for different fluoride concentrations. However, there were significant differences between toothpastes for children and adults, with higher inhibition zones for adults' toothpastes. Most toothpastes for adults contained SLS, which was associated with antibacterial activity. Conclusion Fluoride concentrations ranging from 500 to 1500 ppm did not affect bacterial growth. The antibacterial activity of toothpastes for adults was significantly higher than that of toothpastes for children, which was mainly attributed to the SLS usually added to adult formulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arthit Klaophimai
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Orada Tosrisawatkasem
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sivaporn Horsophonphong
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abualsaud R, Gad MM. Highlights on Drug and Ion Release and Recharge Capacity of Antimicrobial Removable Prostheses. Eur J Dent 2023; 17:1000-1011. [PMID: 36574783 PMCID: PMC10756732 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1758788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This article aimed to review the ion and drug release, recharge abilities, and antimicrobial properties of drug/ion-releasing removable prostheses, and to assess their capability in preventing and inhibiting denture stomatitis as well preventing caries and reversing carious lesions. Data was collected from published scientific papers listed in PubMed database from January 1975 to December 2021. English full-text articles, involving clinical or in vitro studies, focusing on removable prostheses and are concerned with drug/ion release and rechargeability as a way to prevent or inhibit denture stomatitis or dental caries were included. The relevant articles reported that ion- or drug-modified polymethylmethacrylate acts as a reservoir for these ions and drugs and is capable of releasing significant amounts with sustained release effect. Recharging of modified resin resulted in greater sustainability of ion and drug release, thus improving the long-term effects of protection against demineralization and reducing the adhesion of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. Modifications of removable prostheses with rechargeable ions and drugs enhance remineralization, hinder demineralization, and reduce microbial adhesion in difficult-to-access areas. Selection of denture base for clinical use will consider its ability to act as an ion/drug reservoir that is capable of release and recharge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reem Abualsaud
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M. Gad
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Huang Y, Liu Y, Pandey NK, Shah S, Simon-Soro A, Hsu JC, Ren Z, Xiang Z, Kim D, Ito T, Oh MJ, Buckley C, Alawi F, Li Y, Smeets PJM, Boyer S, Zhao X, Joester D, Zero DT, Cormode DP, Koo H. Iron oxide nanozymes stabilize stannous fluoride for targeted biofilm killing and synergistic oral disease prevention. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6087. [PMID: 37773239 PMCID: PMC10541875 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41687-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is the most common human disease caused by oral biofilms despite the widespread use of fluoride as the primary anticaries agent. Recently, an FDA-approved iron oxide nanoparticle (ferumoxytol, Fer) has shown to kill and degrade caries-causing biofilms through catalytic activation of hydrogen peroxide. However, Fer cannot interfere with enamel acid demineralization. Here, we show notable synergy when Fer is combined with stannous fluoride (SnF2), markedly inhibiting both biofilm accumulation and enamel damage more effectively than either alone. Unexpectedly, we discover that the stability of SnF2 is enhanced when mixed with Fer in aqueous solutions while increasing catalytic activity of Fer without any additives. Notably, Fer in combination with SnF2 is exceptionally effective in controlling dental caries in vivo, even at four times lower concentrations, without adverse effects on host tissues or oral microbiome. Our results reveal a potent therapeutic synergism using approved agents while providing facile SnF2 stabilization, to prevent a widespread oral disease with reduced fluoride exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Huang
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry and Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yuan Liu
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nil Kanatha Pandey
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry and Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shrey Shah
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aurea Simon-Soro
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry and Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Stomatology, Dental School, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Jessica C Hsu
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zhi Ren
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry and Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Innovation and Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zhenting Xiang
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry and Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dongyeop Kim
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry and Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tatsuro Ito
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry and Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Min Jun Oh
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry and Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christine Buckley
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health and Oral Health Research Institute, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Faizan Alawi
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yong Li
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry and Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paul J M Smeets
- Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Sarah Boyer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Xingchen Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Derk Joester
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Domenick T Zero
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health and Oral Health Research Institute, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - David P Cormode
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Hyun Koo
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry and Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Center for Innovation and Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Conti G, Veneri F, Amadori F, Garzoni A, Majorana A, Bardellini E. Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of a Bioactive Restorative Material Versus a Glass-Ionomer Cement on Streptococcus Mutans: In-Vitro Study. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:149. [PMID: 37366672 DOI: 10.3390/dj11060149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental caries management consists of both preventive and restorative approaches. Pediatric dentists can rely on many techniques and materials to restore decayed teeth, but a high failure rate is still observed, mainly due to secondary caries. New restorative bioactive materials combine the mechanical and aesthetic characteristics of resinous materials with the capability to remineralize and the antimicrobial properties of glass ionomers, thus counteracting the occurrence of secondary caries. The aim of this study was to assess the antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans of a bioactive restorative material (ACTIVA™ BioActive-Restorative™-Pulpdent©) and a glass ionomer cement with silver particles added (Ketac™ Silver-3M©), using agar diffusion assay. METHODS Each material was formed into disks of 4 mm in diameter, and four discs of each material were placed on nine agar plates. The analysis was repeated seven times. RESULTS Both materials showed statistically significant growth inhibition properties against S. mutans (p < 0.05). The difference in the effectiveness of the two materials was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Both ACTIVA™ and Ketac™ Silver can be recommended since both are similarly effective against S. mutans. However ACTIVA™, given its bioactivity and better aesthetics and mechanical properties compared to GICs, may provide better clinical performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Conti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Insubria, Via Ravasi 2, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Federica Veneri
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine Relevance, Unit of Dentistry & Oral-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Francesca Amadori
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Public Health, School of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Brescia, Pl. Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Alba Garzoni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Public Health, School of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Brescia, Pl. Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Majorana
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Public Health, School of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Brescia, Pl. Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Elena Bardellini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Public Health, School of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Brescia, Pl. Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Huang Y, Liu Y, Pandey N, Shah S, Simon-Soro A, Hsu J, Ren Z, Xiang Z, Kim D, Ito T, Oh MJ, Buckley C, Alawi F, Li Y, Smeets P, Boyer S, Zhao X, Joester D, Zero D, Cormode D, Koo H. Iron oxide nanozymes stabilize stannous fluoride for targeted biofilm killing and synergistic oral disease prevention. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2723097. [PMID: 37066293 PMCID: PMC10104273 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2723097/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Dental caries (tooth decay) is the most prevalent human disease caused by oral biofilms, affecting nearly half of the global population despite increased use of fluoride, the mainstay anticaries (tooth-enamel protective) agent. Recently, an FDA-approved iron oxide nanozyme formulation (ferumoxytol, Fer) has been shown to disrupt caries-causing biofilms with high specificity via catalytic activation of hydrogen peroxide, but it is incapable of interfering with enamel acid demineralization. Here, we find notable synergy when Fer is combined with stannous fluoride (SnF 2 ), markedly inhibiting both biofilm accumulation and enamel damage more effectively than either alone. Unexpectedly, our data show that SnF 2 enhances the catalytic activity of Fer, significantly increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and antibiofilm activity. We discover that the stability of SnF 2 (unstable in water) is markedly enhanced when mixed with Fer in aqueous solutions without any additives. Further analyses reveal that Sn 2+ is bound by carboxylate groups in the carboxymethyl-dextran coating of Fer, thus stabilizing SnF 2 and boosting the catalytic activity. Notably, Fer in combination with SnF 2 is exceptionally effective in controlling dental caries in vivo , preventing enamel demineralization and cavitation altogether without adverse effects on the host tissues or causing changes in the oral microbiome diversity. The efficacy of SnF 2 is also enhanced when combined with Fer, showing comparable therapeutic effects at four times lower fluoride concentration. Enamel ultrastructure examination shows that fluoride, iron, and tin are detected in the outer layers of the enamel forming a polyion-rich film, indicating co-delivery onto the tooth surface. Overall, our results reveal a unique therapeutic synergism using approved agents that target complementary biological and physicochemical traits, while providing facile SnF 2 stabilization, to prevent a widespread oral disease more effectively with reduced fluoride exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuan Liu
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tatsuro Ito
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Faizan Alawi
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Oral Health Research Institute, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Yong Li
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Domenick Zero
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Oral Health Research Institute, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zoller MJ, Hamza B, Cucuzza C, Gubler A, Attin T, Wegehaupt FJ. Relative dentin and enamel abrasivity of charcoal toothpastes. Int J Dent Hyg 2023; 21:149-156. [PMID: 36303293 PMCID: PMC10099862 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Very little data are known about charcoal toothpastes. The aim of this study was to counteract the missing data by determining the relative dentin abrasivity (RDA) and relative enamel abrasivity (REA) values of charcoal toothpastes. METHODS Radioactively charged dentin and enamel samples were randomly divided into groups of eight specimens. Each group was brushed with two of total 12 charcoal toothpaste slurries and with a standard abrasive with a known RDA and REA value. The measured radioactivity in counts per minute within the slurries corresponds to the amount of dentin or enamel abraded. RDA and REA values of the charcoal toothpastes were expressed relative to the known value of the standard slurry. RESULTS The RDA and REA values of the charcoal toothpastes have a broad range of 24-166 and 0-14, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The RDA and REA values do not differ significantly from previously tested commercially available toothpastes. However, the lack of fluoride compounds in many of the investigated charcoal toothpastes can have a less beneficial effect for the consumers. It is very important to educate patients accordingly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel J Zoller
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Blend Hamza
- Clinic of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Cucuzza
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Gubler
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Attin
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Florian J Wegehaupt
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Oral microbiota in cancer: could the bad guy turn good with application of polyphenols? Expert Rev Mol Med 2022; 25:e1. [PMID: 36511134 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2022.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The human oral cavity is comprised of dynamic and polynomial microbes which uniquely reside in the microenvironments of oral cavities. The cumulative functions of the symbiotic microbial communities maintain normal homeostasis; however, a shifted microbiota yields a dysbiosis state, which produces local and systemic diseases including dental caries, periodontitis, cancer, obesity and diabetes. Recent research reports claim that an association occurs between oral dysbiosis and the progression of different types of cancers including oral, gastric and pancreatic ones. Different mechanisms are proposed for the development of cancer, such as induction of inflammatory reactions, production of carcinogenic materials and alteration of the immune system. Medications are available to treat these associated diseases; however, the current strategies may further worsen the disease by unwanted side effects. Natural-derived polyphenol molecules significantly inhibit a wide range of systemic diseases with fewer side effects. In this review, we have displayed the functions of the oral microbes and we have extended the report regarding the role of polyphenols in oral microbiota to maintain healthy conditions and prevention of diseases with emphasis on the treatment of oral microbiota-associated cancer.
Collapse
|
12
|
Salem GA, Sharaf RF, El Mansy M. Efficacy of diode laser application versus silver diamine fluoride (SDF) as a modification of Hall technique in primary teeth. Saudi Dent J 2022; 34:723-729. [PMID: 36570583 PMCID: PMC9767833 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Hall technique is a new technique aimed at depriving bacteria of any substrate, thereby limiting the progression of caries. Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) and diode laser are documented to have an antibacterial effect on carious enamel and dentin by eradicating bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans. Aim The current study aimed to increase the success rate of the Hall technique in carious primary molars by eradicating bacteria present in carious lesions using SDF or diode laser in combination with the Hall technique. Materials and methods A total of 159 children aged 4-8 years were randomly divided into three equal groups: Group I, application of the Hall technique; Group II, SDF with Hall technique; Group III, diode laser with Hall technique. Children were recalled at regular intervals over a year. Results: At the end of the follow-up period, Group III showed the highest clinical success rate (94.3 %), followed by Group II (96.2 %), while Group I showed the lowest clinical and radiographic success rates (88.7 % and 86.8 %, respectively); however, these differences were statistically non-significant. Conclusion Treatment of carious lesions using SDF or Diode Laser increased the success rate of the Hall technique in primary teeth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghada A. Salem
- Corresponding author at: National Research Centre, Orthodontic and Pediatric Dentistry Department, Oral and Dental Research Institute, Cairo 11728, Egypt. Orcid number 0000-0001-9217-526X.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Flemming J, Hannig C, Hannig M. Caries Management-The Role of Surface Interactions in De- and Remineralization-Processes. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11237044. [PMID: 36498618 PMCID: PMC9737279 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11237044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bioadhesion and surface interactions on enamel are of essential relevance for initiation, progression and prevention of caries and erosions. Salivary proteins on and within initial carious and erosive lesions can facilitate or aggravate de- and remineralization. This applies for the pellicle layer, the subsurface pellicle and for proteins within initial carious lesions. Little is known about these proteinaceous structures related to initial caries and erosion. Accordingly, there is a considerable demand for an understanding of the underlying processes occurring at the interface between the tooth surface and the oral cavity in order to develop novel agents that limit and modulate caries and erosion. Objectives and findings: The present paper depicts the current knowledge of the processes occurring at the interface of the tooth surface and the oral fluids. Proteinaceous layers on dental hard tissues can prevent or aggravate demineralization processes, whereas proteins within initial erosive or carious lesions might hinder remineralization considerably and restrict the entry of ions into lesions. CONCLUSIONS Despite the fact that organic-inorganic surface interactions are of essential relevance for de- and remineralization processes at the tooth surface, there is limited knowledge on these clinically relevant phenomena. Accordingly, intensive research is necessary to develop new approaches in preventive dentistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Flemming
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Christian Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, D-66424 Homburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zheng FM, Yan IG, Duangthip D, Gao SS, Lo ECM, Chu CH. Silver diamine fluoride therapy for dental care. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2022; 58:249-257. [PMID: 36097560 PMCID: PMC9463534 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) was developed in Japan in the 1960s. It is used to control early childhood caries, arrest root caries, prevent fissure caries and secondary caries, desensitise hypersensitive teeth, remineralise hypomineralised teeth, prevent dental erosion, detect carious tissue during excavation and manage infected root canals. SDF is commonly available as a 38% solution containing 255,000 ppm silver and 44,800 ppm fluoride ions. Silver is an antimicrobial and inhibits cariogenic biofilm. Fluoride promotes remineralisation and inhibits the demineralisation of teeth. SDF also inactivates proteolytic peptidases and inhibits dentine collagen degradation. It arrests caries without affecting dental pulp or causing dental fluorosis. Indirect pulp capping with SDF causes no or mild inflammatory pulpal response. However, direct application of SDF to dental pulp causes pulp necrosis. Furthermore, SDF stains carious lesions black. Patients must be well informed before SDF treatment. SDF therapy is simple, painless, non-invasive, inexpensive, and requires a simple armamentarium and minimal support. Both clinicians and patients generally accept it well. In 2021, the World Health Organization included SDF as an essential medicine that is effective and safe for patients. Moreover, it can be used for caries control during the COVID-19 pandemic because it is non-aerosol-generating and has a low risk of cross-infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Iliana Gehui Yan
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Sherry Shiqian Gao
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Edward Chin Man Lo
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hiraishi N, Sayed M, Takahashi M, Nikaido T, Tagami J. Clinical and primary evidence of silver diamine fluoride on root caries management. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2022; 58:1-8. [PMID: 34950254 PMCID: PMC8672042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Root caries is a growing problem for the worldwide aging population. Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) contains high concentrations of silver and fluoride ions, which prevents and arrests root caries, as well as dentin caries in the primary teeth of young children. Unlike other fluoride products that mainly reduce the formation of new carious lesions, 38% SDF is an effective agent that can efficiently arrest the carious process, remineralize the decayed dental tissues, and protect the tooth structure against the formation of new caries lesions. The use of SDF can result in more caries-resistant tooth structures. Despite these merits, its clinical disadvantages are the deep penetration of silver ions and sequential formation of silver compounds, which cause esthetic concern due to the discoloration and impaired efficacy of dentin bonding after using SDF. Thus, this narrative review, by addressing the primary experimental results and clinical applications of SDF on root caries, proposes management methods for root caries in conjunction with the application of SDF. We propose a two-visit treatment protocol to take advantage of the SDF application for root surface caries and utilize the discoloration caused by SDF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Hiraishi
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mahmoud Sayed
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoi Takahashi
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Nikaido
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Functional Science and Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Asahi University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Junji Tagami
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Buffering Capacity and Effects of Sodium Hexametaphosphate Nanoparticles and Fluoride on the Inorganic Components of Cariogenic-Related Biofilms In Vitro. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11091173. [PMID: 36139952 PMCID: PMC9494953 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11091173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the remarkable effects of sodium hexametaphosphate nanoparticles (HMPnano) on dental enamel de-/re-mineralization processes, information on the effects of these nanoparticles on biofilms is scarce. This study assessed the effects of HMPnano, with or without fluoride (F), on the inorganic components and pH of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans dual-species biofilms. Solutions containing conventional/micro-sized HMP (HMPmicro) or HMPnano were prepared at 0.5% and 1%, with or without 1100 ppm F. A 1100 ppm F solution and pure artificial saliva were tested as positive and negative controls, respectively. The biofilms were treated three times and had their pH analyzed, and the concentrations of F, calcium, phosphorus, and HMP in the biofilm biomass and fluid were determined. In another set of experiments, after the last treatment, the biofilms were exposed to a 20% sucrose solution, and the biofilm pH and inorganic components were evaluated. The 1% HMPnano solution with F led to the highest biofilm pH, even after exposure to sucrose. The 1% HMPnano solution without F led to significantly higher phosphorus concentrations in comparison to all other groups. It can be concluded that 1% HMPnano and F influenced the biofilm pH, besides affecting most of the inorganic components of the dual-species biofilms.
Collapse
|
17
|
Hafiz Z, Allam R, Almazyad B, Bedaiwi A, Alotaibi A, Almubrad A. Effectiveness of Silver Diamine Fluoride in Arresting Caries in Primary and Early Mixed Dentition: A Systematic Review. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9091289. [PMID: 36138602 PMCID: PMC9497160 DOI: 10.3390/children9091289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dental caries is a painful condition that could lead to nutritional problems which affects the overall health of the child, as well it is expensive to treat. The effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) in primary and early mixed dentition is systematically reviewed in this study. This systematic review utilized the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta- Analysis statement (PRISMA, 2020). A literature search conducted using the common electronic databases (from 2010–2021). Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, ten randomized clinical trials (RCT) have met the inclusion criteria and were considered for the qualitative assessment. Critical appraisal of these studies was done. This systematic review found that using SDF is a successful and effective method in arresting dentin carious process in the primary teeth and first permanent molars in children. Additionally, when compared to the commonly used topical fluoride products and materials, SDF showed to have better cariostatic effect. However, these findings must be cautiously viewed since more research is required to support them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zain Hafiz
- Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Rehab Allam
- Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bdoor Almazyad
- Intern, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alya’a Bedaiwi
- Intern, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Areej Alotaibi
- Intern, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alwateen Almubrad
- Intern, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jabin Z, Nasim I, Priya V V, Agarwal N. Comparative Evaluation of Salivary Fluoride Concentration after Topical Application of Silver Diamine Fluoride and Sodium Fluoride: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022; 15:371-375. [PMID: 35991787 PMCID: PMC9357534 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The topical fluoride acts on the tooth in many ways and their most important action is inhibition of demineralization and enhancement of enamel remineralization. Aim The purpose of this clinical trial was to assess the fluoride concentration in saliva before and after 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) and 5% sodium fluoride (NaF) application on enamel and duration of its availability at different time intervals. Methodology A randomized clinical trial was conducted among 40 healthy children aged between 6 and 12 years. The participants were then randomly allocated into two different groups in which the first group (group I) was given 30% SDF and the second group (group II) were topically applied with 5% NaF solution. The fluoride concentration was measured in the salivary samples, which were collected at three time intervals, that is, at baseline (S1), 2 hours (S2), and 24 hours (S3) after application. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used for evaluation and independent paired t-test was conducted for comparison between groups. Results When using an ANOVA with repeated measures with a Greenhouse–Geisser correction, the mean scores of fluoride concentration were statistically significantly different at different time intervals for both NaF (F = 20.854, p < 0.0005) and SDF (F = 22.746, p < 0.0005). Conclusion The present trial concluded that topical fluoride application increases fluoride bioavailability in saliva thereby increasing tooth remineralization. A steep rise in fluoride concentration was observed shortly post-SDF application at 2 hours and 24 hours time interval emerging a need for further research into the field of fluoridation with SDF. How to cite this article Jabin Z, Nasim I, Priya V V, et al. Comparative Evaluation of Salivary Fluoride Concentration after Topical Application of Silver Diamine Fluoride and Sodium Fluoride: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(3):371-375.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zohra Jabin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Dental Studies and Technologies, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Zohra Jabin, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Dental Studies and Technologies, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India, Phone: +91 9871933858, e-mail:
| | - Iffat Nasim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vishnu Priya V
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nidhi Agarwal
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Institute of Dental Studies and Technologies, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ham SY, Kim HS, Cha E, Lim T, Byun Y, Park HD. Raffinose Inhibits Streptococcus mutans Biofilm Formation by Targeting Glucosyltransferase. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0207621. [PMID: 35575506 PMCID: PMC9241737 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02076-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans is a representative biofilm-forming bacterium that causes dental caries through glucosyltransferase (GTF) activity. Glucans are synthesized from sucrose by GTFs and provide binding sites for S. mutans to adhere tightly to the tooth enamel. Therefore, if a novel compound that interferes with GTF function is developed, biofilm formation control in S. mutans would be possible. We discovered that raffinose, an oligosaccharide from natural products, strongly inhibited biofilm formation, GTF-related gene expression, and glucan production. Furthermore, biofilm inhibition on saliva-coated hydroxyapatite discs through the reduction of bacterial adhesion indicated the applicability of raffinose in oral health. These effects of raffinose appear to be due to its ability to modulate GTF activity in S. mutans. Hence, raffinose may be considered an antibiofilm agent for use as a substance for oral supplies and dental materials to prevent dental caries. IMPORTANCE Dental caries is the most prevalent infectious disease and is expensive to manage. Dental biofilms can be eliminated via mechanical treatment or inhibited using antibiotics. However, bacteria that are not entirely removed or are resistant to antibiotics can still form biofilms. In this study, we found that raffinose inhibited biofilm formation by S. mutans, a causative agent of dental caries, possibly through binding to GtfC. Our findings support the notion that biofilm inhibition by raffinose can be exerted by interference with GTF function, compensating for the shortcomings of existing commercialized antibiofilm methods. Furthermore, raffinose is an ingredient derived from natural products and can be safely utilized in humans; it has no smell and tastes sweet. Therefore, raffinose, which can control S. mutans biofilm formation, has been suggested as a substance for oral supplies and dental materials to prevent dental caries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- So-Young Ham
- School of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Han-Shin Kim
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, South Korea
| | - Eunji Cha
- School of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Taehyeung Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, South Korea
| | - Youngjoo Byun
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, South Korea
- Biomedical Research Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee-Deung Park
- School of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Steiger J, Braissant O, Waltimo T, Astasov-Frauenhoffer M. Efficacy of Experimental Mouth Rinses on Caries-Related Biofilms in vitro. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 2:676028. [PMID: 35048021 PMCID: PMC8757722 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2021.676028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the efficacy of tin and Polyethylenglycol (PEG-3) tallow aminopropylamine in different concentrations on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) biofilms to establish a new screening process for different antimicrobial agents and to gain more information on the antibacterial effects of these agents on cariogenic biofilms. Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) was used to determine differences in two growth parameters: lag time and growth rate; additionally, reduction in active biofilms was calculated. Experimental mouth rinses with 400 and 800 ppm tin derived from stannous fluoride (SnF2) revealed results (43.4 and 49.9% active biofilm reduction, respectively) similar to meridol mouth rinse (400 ppm tin combined with 1,567 ppm PEG-3 tallow aminopropylamine; 55.3% active biofilm reduction) (p > 0.05), while no growth of S. mutans biofilms was detected during 72 h for samples treated with an experimental rinse containing 1,600 ppm tin (100% active biofilm reduction). Only the highest concentration (12,536 ppm) of rinses containing PEG-3 tallow aminopropylamine derived from amine fluoride (AmF) revealed comparable results to meridol (57.5% reduction in active biofilm). Lower concentrations of PEG-3 tallow aminopropylamine showed reductions of 16.9% for 3,134 ppm and 33.5% for 6,268 ppm. Maximum growth rate was significantly lower for all the samples containing SnF2 than for the samples containing control biofilms (p < 0.05); no differences were found between the control and all the PEG-3 tallow aminopropylamine (p > 0.05). The growth parameters showed high reproducibility rates within the treated groups of biofilms and for the controls; thus, the screening method provided reliable results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josiana Steiger
- Clinic for Oral Health & Medicine, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Braissant
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (DBE), Center of Biomechanics and Biocalorimetry, University of Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Tuomas Waltimo
- Clinic for Oral Health & Medicine, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Monika Astasov-Frauenhoffer
- Department Research, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mehlawat J, Marya C, Nagpal R, Kataria S, Taneja P. Dentists' knowledge, attitudes, and professional behavior regarding silver diamine fluoride: A cross-sectional questionnaire study. JOURNAL OF INDIAN ASSOCIATION OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_24_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
22
|
Nicoo M, Feiz A, Parastesh A, Jafari N, Sarfaraz D. Comparison of antibacterial activity and fluoride release in tooth-colored restorative materials: Resin-modified glass ionomer, zirconomer, giomer, and cention N. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.363534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
|
23
|
Novel rechargeable calcium fluoride dental nanocomposites. Dent Mater 2021; 38:397-408. [PMID: 34974900 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Composite restorations with calcium fluoride nanoparticles (nCaF2) can remineralize tooth structure through F and Ca ion release. However, the persistence of ion release is limited. The objectives for this study were to achieve long-term remineralization by developing a rechargeable nCaF2 nanocomposite and investigating the F and Ca recharge and re-release capabilities. METHODS Three nCaF2 nanocomposites were formulated: (1) BT-nCaF2:Bisphenol A glycidyl dimethacrylate (BisGMA) and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA); (2) PE-nCaF2:Pyromellitic glycerol dimethacrylate (PMGDM) and ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate (EBPADMA); (3) BTM-nCaF2:BisGMA, TEGDMA, and Bis[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] phosphate (Bis-MEP). All formulations contained 15% nCaF2 and 55% glass particles. Initial flexural strength and elastic modulus, F and Ca ion release, recharge and re-release were tested and compared to three commercial fluoride-containing materials. RESULTS BT and BTM nCaF2 composites were 3-4 times stronger and had elastic modulus 2 times that of resin-modified glass ionomer controls. PE-nCaF2 had comparable strength to RMGIs. All nCaF2 composites had significant F and Ca ion release and ion rechargeability. In F and Ca recharging cycles, PE-nCaF2 had the highest ion recharging capability among nCaF2 groups, followed by BT-nCaF2 and BTM-nCaF2 (p < 0.05). For all recharge cycles, ion release maintained similar levels, demonstrating long-term ion release was possible. Furthermore, after the final recharge cycle, nCaF2 nanocomposites provided continuous ion release for 42 days without further recharge. SIGNIFICANCE Novel nCaF2 rechargeable nanocomposites exhibited significant F and Ca ion release over multiple recharge cycles, demonstrating continuous long-term ion release. These nanocomposites are promising restorations with lasting remineralization potential.
Collapse
|
24
|
Contractor IA, M.S. G, M.D. I. Silver Diamine Fluoride: Extending the spectrum of Preventive Dentistry, a literature review. PEDIATRIC DENTAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdj.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
25
|
Takahashi M, Matin K, Matsui N, Shimizu M, Tsuda Y, Uchinuma S, Hiraishi N, Nikaido T, Tagami J. Effects of silver diamine fluoride preparations on biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans. Dent Mater J 2021; 40:911-917. [PMID: 33731542 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2020-341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Effects of silver diamine fluoride preparations (SDFs) on cariogenic biofilm formation on root dentin (RD) were investigated. Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) biofilms were formed on bovine RD blocks coated with one of three the SDFs (38%-SDF, 3.8%-SDF and 35%-SDF+potassium-iodide; SDF+KI) and a non-coated Control which were quantified (spectrometric-measurement) and thickness measured (optical coherence tomography) after 20 h. Bacterial viability test (BacLight) and biofilm-morphometry (SEM) of 2 h biofilms were also performed. The amounts of biofilms (bacteria and water insoluble glucan) and the thickness of biofilm were minimum on 38%-SDF specimen; 3.8%-SDF and SDF+KI had significantly more than that, but had significantly less than Control (p<0.05). Most S. mutans cells found dead and morphology damaged by 38%-SDF. Some dead bacteria and remarkably damaged biofilms were observed in case of 3.8%-SDF and SDF+KI. Inhibition potential of 3.8%-SDF and SDF+KI on S. mutans biofilm formation is almost similar, although not equivalent to 38%-SDF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Motoi Takahashi
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Khairul Matin
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU).,Endowed Department of International Oral Health Science, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine
| | - Naoko Matsui
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Miyuki Shimizu
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Yuka Tsuda
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Shigeki Uchinuma
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Noriko Hiraishi
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Toru Nikaido
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Asahi University
| | - Junji Tagami
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sayed M, Tsuda Y, Matin K, Abdou A, Martin K, Burrow MF, Tagami J. Effects of mechanical abrasion challenge on sound and demineralized dentin surfaces treated with SDF. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19884. [PMID: 33199833 PMCID: PMC7669835 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77035-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of mechanical abrasion on the surface integrity, color change (ΔE) and antibacterial properties of demineralized and sound dentin surfaces treated with silver-diammine-fluoride (SDF). The dentin specimens were divided into two groups: sound and demineralized dentin, then divided into three sub-groups, control (no-treatment), SDF, and SDF + potassium-iodide (KI). Each sub-group was further divided into two groups, one exposed to mechanical brushing and the other without brushing. Specimens were analyzed for the ΔE, surface roughness/surface loss and antibacterial properties (CFU, optical density and fluorescent microscope). Repeated Measures ANOVA was used for statistical analysis of color change while one-way ANOVA was used for CFU analysis. SDF and SDI + KI groups showed significant reduction in ΔE with brushing in the sound dentin group unlike the demineralized group. The surface roughness values were higher for both SDF and SDF + KI groups but roughness values significantly decreased after brushing. Both SDF and SDF + KI groups revealed significantly less surface loss than control. The SDF group showed high anti-bacterial effect after brushing, unlike SDF + KI group. So, we concluded that mechanical brushing improved the esthetic outcome. While, SDF and SDF + KI could protect the dentin surface integrity. SDF-treated dentin possesses an antibacterial property even after mechanical brushing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Sayed
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan.
| | - Yuka Tsuda
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Khairul Matin
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
- Endowed Department of International Oral Health Science, Tsurumi University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ahmed Abdou
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
- Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Modern University for Technology and Information, Mokatam, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kim Martin
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael F Burrow
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Junji Tagami
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Novel CaF 2 Nanocomposites with Antibacterial Function and Fluoride and Calcium Ion Release to Inhibit Oral Biofilm and Protect Teeth. J Funct Biomater 2020; 11:jfb11030056. [PMID: 32752248 PMCID: PMC7564802 DOI: 10.3390/jfb11030056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The objective of this study was to develop a novel dental nanocomposite containing dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM), 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC), and nanoparticles of calcium fluoride (nCaF2) for preventing recurrent caries via antibacterial, protein repellent and fluoride releasing capabilities. (2) Methods: Composites were made by adding 3% MPC, 3% DMAHDM and 15% nCaF2 into bisphenol A glycidyl dimethacrylate (Bis-GMA) and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) (denoted BT). Calcium and fluoride ion releases were evaluated. Biofilms of human saliva were assessed. (3) Results: nCaF2+DMAHDM+MPC composite had the lowest biofilm colony forming units (CFU) and the greatest ion release; however, its mechanical properties were lower than commercial control composite (p < 0.05). nCaF2+DMAHDM composite had similarly potent biofilm reduction, with mechanical properties matching commercial control composite (p > 0.05). Fluoride and calcium ion releases from nCaF2+DMAHDM were much more than commercial composite. Biofilm CFU on composite was reduced by 4 logs (n = 9, p < 0.05). Biofilm metabolic activity and lactic acid were also substantially reduced by nCaF2+DMAHDM, compared to commercial control composite (p < 0.05). (4) Conclusions: The novel nanocomposite nCaF2+DMAHDM achieved strong antibacterial and ion release capabilities, without compromising the mechanical properties. This bioactive nanocomposite is promising to reduce biofilm acid production, inhibit recurrent caries, and increase restoration longevity.
Collapse
|
28
|
Sayed M, Hiraishi N, Matin K, Abdou A, Burrow MF, Tagami J. Effect of silver-containing agents on the ultra-structural morphology of dentinal collagen. Dent Mater 2020; 36:936-944. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
29
|
Ribeiro SM, Fratucelli ÉDO, Bueno PCP, de Castro MKV, Francisco AA, Cavalheiro AJ, Klein MI. Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of Casearia sylvestris extracts from distinct Brazilian biomes against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. Altern Ther Health Med 2019; 19:308. [PMID: 31718633 PMCID: PMC6852947 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2717-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Dental caries is a biofilm-diet-dependent worldwide public health problem, and approaches against microorganisms in cariogenic biofilms are necessary. Methods The antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of 12 Casearia sylvestris extracts (0.50 mg/mL) from different Brazilian biomes (Atlantic Forest, Cerrado, Caatinga, Pampa, and Pantanal) and varieties (sylvestris, lingua, and intermediate) were tested against two species found in cariogenic biofilms (Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans). The extracts effective against S. mutans were used to evaluate the "adhesion strength" of this bacterium to the salivary pellicle and initial glucan matrix and the S. mutans-GtfB activity. Also, the antimicrobial activity against S. mutans of three fractions (methanol, ethyl acetate, and hexane; 0.25 mg/mL) from the extracts was evaluated. Results Three extracts from the Atlantic Forest variety sylvestris (FLO/SC, GUA/CE, PRE/SP) reduced ≥50% (> 3 logs) S. mutans viable population (p < 0.0001 vs. vehicle), while two extracts from the same biome and variety (PAC/CE, PRE/SP) decreased ≥50% of the viable counts of C. albicans (p < 0.0001 vs. vehicle). For S. mutans biofilms, three extracts (GUA/CE, PAC/CE, PRE/SP) reduced the biomass by ≥91% (p > 0.0001 vs. vehicle) and 100% of the microbial population (p < 0.0001 vs. vehicle). However, for the fungal biofilm, two extracts (PAC/CE, PRE/SP) reduced the viable counts by ≥52% (p < 0.0001 vs. vehicle), but none reduced biomass. The extracts with higher antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities presented higher content of clerodane-type diterpenes and lower content of glycosylated flavonoids than the less active extracts. The extracts had no effect on the removal of cells adhered to the pellicle (p > 0.05 vs. vehicle) while promoted the detachment of a larger number of S. mutans cells from GtfB-glucan matrix (p < 0.0031 vs. vehicle), and FLO/SC, GUA/CE and PRE/SP reduced the quantity of glucans (p < 0.0136 vs. vehicle). Only the ethyl acetate fractions reduced the microbial population of S. mutans (p < 0.0001 vs. vehicle), except for one (PAC/CE). Among the ethyl acetate fractions, three from var. lingua (two from Cerrado, and one from Cerrado/Caatinga) reduced ≥83% of the microbial population. Conclusions C. sylvestris extracts from Atlantic Forest var. sylvestris and ethyl acetate fractions from Cerrado and Cerrado/Caatinga var. lingua may be used as a strategy against cariogenic microorganisms.
Collapse
|
30
|
Yi J, Dai Q, Weir MD, Melo MA, Lynch CD, Oates TW, Zhang K, Zhao Z, Xu HH. A nano-CaF2-containing orthodontic cement with antibacterial and remineralization capabilities to combat enamel white spot lesions. J Dent 2019; 89:103172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
|
31
|
Trans,trans-farnesol, an antimicrobial natural compound, improves glass ionomer cement properties. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220718. [PMID: 31430298 PMCID: PMC6701760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of experiments were conducted to characterize a novel restorative material. We explored the effect on biological, physical and chemical properties of glass ionomer cement (GIC) adding-the naturally occurring tt-farnesol (900 mM). Two groups were accomplished for all assays: GIC+tt-farnesol and GIC (control). Biological assays: 1) agar diffusion against some cariogenic bacteria; 2) S. mutans biofilm formation and confocal laser scanning microscopy-CLSM. 3) gtfB, gtfC, gtfD, gbpB, vicR, and covR expression; 4) MTT and microscopic morphology. Physical properties assays: 1) roughness; 2) hardness; 3) compressive strength and 4) diametral tensile strength. Chemical assay: Raman spectroscopy. The adding of tt-farnesol to GIC led to larger zones of inhibition (p<0.05), biofilms with a short-term reduction in bacterial viability but similar biomass (p>0.05). Polysaccharides levels increased over time, similarly over groups (p>0.05). Viable and non-viable S. mutans were seen on the specimens’ surface by CLSM but their virulence was not modulated by tt-farnesol. The tt-farnesol increased the HaCaT cell viability without impact on compressive and diametral tensile strength and roughness although the hardness was positively affected (p<0.05). Raman confirmed the presence of tt-farnesol. The incorporation of tt-farnesol into GIC inhibited the growth of cariogenic bacteria but had a little effect on the composition, structure and physiology of the biofilm matrices. Also, the tt-farnesol increased the hardness and the biocompatibility of the GIC, not influencing negatively other physical properties of the restorative material.
Collapse
|
32
|
dos Santos D, Pires J, Silva A, Salomão P, Buzalaf M, Magalhães A. Protective Effect of 4% Titanium Tetrafluoride Varnish on Dentin Demineralization Using a Microcosm Biofilm Model. Caries Res 2019; 53:576-583. [DOI: 10.1159/000499317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4) varnish on the development of dentin carious lesions. Bovine root dentin samples were treated for 6 h with: (A) 4% TiF4 varnish (2.45% F); (B) 5.42% sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish (2.45% F); (C) 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) gel – positive control; (D) placebo varnish; or (E) untreated – negative control (n = 4 × biological triplicate, n = 12). Treated dentin samples were exposed to human saliva mixed with McBain saliva (1:50) for the first 8 h in 24-well plates. Thereafter, the medium was removed, and McBain saliva containing 0.2% sucrose was applied for 16 h. From days 2 to 5, McBain saliva with sucrose was replaced daily (37°C, 5% CO2). The demineralization was measured using transverse microradiography, while the effect on biofilm was analyzed using viability, extracellular polysaccharide (EPS), and lactic acid production assays. The data were statistically analyzed (p < 0.05). All treatments (fluorides and CHX) significantly reduced the biofilm viability compared to placebo varnish and negative control. However, none of them was able to reduce the colony-forming unit counting for total microorganism, total streptococci, and Streptococcus mutans. NaF significantly reduced the number of Lactobacillus sp. compared to negative control. No effect was seen on lactic acid production neither on EPS synthesis, except that CHX significantly reduced the amount of insoluble EPS. Both fluorides were able to reduce dentin demineralization compared to placebo varnish and negative control; TiF4 had a better effect in reducing mineral loss and lesion depth than NaF. Therefore, TiF4 varnish has the best protective effect on dentin carious lesion formation using this model.
Collapse
|
33
|
A Novel Small Molecule, ZY354, Inhibits Dental Caries-Associated Oral Biofilms. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:AAC.02414-18. [PMID: 30858201 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02414-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm control is a critical approach to the better management of dental caries. Antimicrobial small molecules have shown their potential in the disruption of oral biofilm and control of dental caries. The objectives of this study were to examine the antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of a newly designed small-molecule compound, ZY354. ZY354 was synthesized, and its cytotoxicity was evaluated in human oral keratinocytes (HOK), human gingival epithelial cells (HGE), and macrophages (RAW) by CCK-8 assays. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs), minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs), minimum biofilm inhibition concentrations (MBICs), and minimum biofilm reduction concentrations (MBRCs) of ZY354 against common oral streptococci (i.e., Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus gordonii, and Streptococcus sanguinis) were determined by microdilution method. The exopolysaccharide (EPS)/bacterium ratio and the dead/live bacterium ratio in the ZY354-treated multispecies biofilms were determined by confocal laser scanning microscopy, and the microbial composition was visualized and quantified by fluorescent in situ hybridization and quantitative PCR (qPCR). The demineralizing activity of ZY354-treated biofilms was evaluated by transverse microradiography. The results showed that ZY354 exhibited low cytotoxicity in HOK, HGE, and RAW cells and exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against common oral streptococci. The EPS and the abundance of S. mutans were significantly reduced after ZY354 treatment, along with an increased dead/live microbial ratio in multispecies biofilms compared to the level with the nontreated control. The ZY354-treated multispecies biofilms exhibited reduced demineralizing activity at the biofilm/enamel interface. In conclusion, the small-molecule compound ZY354 exhibits low cytotoxicity and remarkable antimicrobial activity against oral streptococci, and it may have a great potential in anticaries clinical applications.
Collapse
|
34
|
Trieu A, Mohamed A, Lynch E. Silver diamine fluoride versus sodium fluoride for arresting dentine caries in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2115. [PMID: 30765785 PMCID: PMC6376061 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38569-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental caries can compromise quality of life and is associated with demineralization of tooth structure by organic acids produced by microorganisms. This study systematically reviewed the dentine caries arrest capabilities of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) and sodium fluoride (NaF). A comprehensive search strategy was developed to identify the relevant publications in electronic databases and hand searched journals and reviews (to March 2018). By applying strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, only six papers (two randomized controlled trials, two follow-up articles and two secondary statistical analysis studies) were considered for full text qualitative and quantitative assessment. The included studies were critically appraised and statistically evaluated. Only four articles were considered for meta-analysis, as the other two were secondary analyses of included studies. When comparing the caries arrest lesions of SDF and NaF, SDF was found to be statistically more effective in dentine caries arrest of primary teeth during the 18 and 30 month clinical examinations. The weighted total effect size of the differences between SDF and NaF regarding arrested caries surfaces was calculated and showed nearly double the effectiveness of SDF to NaF at 30 months. Therefore, SDF is a more effective caries management reagent than NaF. Further clinical research is needed to consolidate the findings of this systematic review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Trieu
- Pediatric Dental Resident, Pediatric Dentistry Department, University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV), 89106, USA
| | - Ahmed Mohamed
- Visiting Faculty, Biomedical and Clinical Research, University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV), 89106, USA
| | - Edward Lynch
- Professor and Principal Director of Biomedical and Clinical Research, University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV), 89106, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Cornejo Ulloa P, van der Veen MH, Krom BP. Review: modulation of the oral microbiome by the host to promote ecological balance. Odontology 2019; 107:437-448. [PMID: 30719639 PMCID: PMC6732124 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-019-00413-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The indivisible relationship between the human host and its oral microbiome has been shaped throughout the millennia, by facing various changes that have forced the adaptation of oral microorganisms to new environmental conditions. In this constant crosstalk between the human host and its microbiome, a bidirectional relationship has been established. The microorganisms provide the host with functions it cannot perform on its own and at the same time the host provides its microbes with a suitable environment for their growth and development. These host factors can positively affect the microbiome, promoting diversity and balance between different species, resulting in a state of symbiosis and absence of pathology. In contrast, other host factors can negatively influence the composition of the oral microbiome and drive the interaction towards a dysbiotic state, where the balance tilts towards a harmful relationship between the host and its microbiome. The aim of this review is to describe the role host factors play in cultivating and maintaining a healthy oral ecology and discuss mechanisms that can prevent its drift towards dysbiosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Cornejo Ulloa
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, G. Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Monique H van der Veen
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, G. Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Bastiaan P Krom
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, G. Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kuang X, Chen V, Xu X. Novel Approaches to the Control of Oral Microbial Biofilms. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:6498932. [PMID: 30687755 PMCID: PMC6330817 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6498932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Effective management of biofilm-related oral infectious diseases is a global challenge. Oral biofilm presents increased resistance to antimicrobial agents and elevated virulence compared with planktonic bacteria. Antimicrobial agents, such as chlorhexidine, have proven effective in the disruption/inhibition of oral biofilm. However, the challenge of precisely and continuously eliminating the specific pathogens without disturbing the microbial ecology still exists, which is a major factor in determining the virulence of a multispecies microbial consortium and the consequent development of oral infectious diseases. Therefore, several novel approaches are being developed to inhibit biofilm virulence without necessarily inducing microbial dysbiosis of the oral cavity. Nanoparticles, such as pH-responsive enzyme-mimic nanoparticles, have been developed to specifically target the acidic niches within the oral biofilm where tooth demineralization readily occurs, in effect controlling dental caries. Quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) such as dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMADDM), when incorporated into dental adhesives or resin composite, have also shown excellent and durable antimicrobial activity and thus could effectively inhibit the occurrence of secondary caries. In addition, custom-designed small molecules, natural products and their derivatives, as well as basic amino acids such as arginine, have demonstrated ecological effects by modulating the virulence of the oral biofilm without universally killing the commensal bacteria, indicating a promising approach to the management of oral infectious diseases such as dental caries and periodontal diseases. This article aims to introduce these novel approaches that have shown potential in the control of oral biofilm. These methods may be utilized in the near future to effectively promote the clinical management of oral infectious diseases and thus benefit oral health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | | | - Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Mei M, Lo E, Chu C. Arresting Dentine Caries with Silver Diamine Fluoride: What’s Behind It? J Dent Res 2018; 97:751-758. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034518774783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike other fluoride-based caries preventive agents, silver diamine fluoride (SDF) can simultaneously prevent and arrest coronal and root dentine caries. The profound clinical success of SDF has drawn many clinicians and researchers to study the mechanism of SDF in arresting dentine caries. This critical review discusses how silver and fluoride contribute to caries arrest, in terms of their effects on bacteria as well as on the mineral and organic content of dentine. Silver interacts with bacterial cell membrane and bacterial enzymes, which can inhibit bacterial growth. Silver can also dope into hydroxyapatite and have an antibacterial effect on silver-doped hydroxyapatite. Furthermore, silver is also a strong inhibitor of cathepsins and inhibits dentine collagen degradation. Early studies proposed that silver hardened caries lesions by forming silver phosphate. However, recent studies found that little silver phosphate remained on the arrested dentine lesion. The principal silver precipitate was silver chloride, which could not contribute to the significant hardening of the arrested lesions. On the other hand, fluoride enhances mineral formation by forming fluorohydroxyapatite with reduced solubility. A significant increase in microhardness occurs with an elevated level of calcium and phosphorus but not silver on the surface layer of the arrested dentine caries lesion following SDF treatment. Fluoride also inhibits matrix metalloproteinases activities and therefore inhibits dentine collagen degradation. The combination of silver and fluoride in an alkaline solution has a synergistic effect in arresting dentine caries. The alkaline property of SDF provides an unfavorable environment for collagen enzyme activation. Understanding the mechanisms of SDF in arresting dentine caries helps clinicians to develop appropriate protocols for the use of SDF in clinical care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M.L. Mei
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - E.C.M. Lo
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - C.H. Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Tao S, Zhu Y, Yuan H, Tao S, Cheng Y, Li J, He L. Efficacy of fluorides and CPP-ACP vs fluorides monotherapy on early caries lesions: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196660. [PMID: 29709015 PMCID: PMC5927405 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the combination of CPP-ACP and fluorides compared with fluorides monotherapy on patients with early caries lesions. The Medline, Embase and Cochrane databases up to August 2017 were scanned, with no restrictions. Studies satisfied the guideline of randomised controlled trials (RCTs), the patients with early caries lesions and data considering the efficacy of fluorides and CPP-ACP versus fluorides alone were selected. There was no language restriction during the literature search process, however, only papers in English or Chinese were included during the selection process. Outcome variables include laser fluorescence, quantitative light-induced fluorescence, lesion area and visual inspection scores. Mean differences were calculated during the data extraction process. Ten studies including 559 patients were selected in the meta-analysis. Fluorides combined with CPP-ACP achieved the same efficacy for early caries lesions on smooth surfaces compared with fluorides monotherapy (mean difference: -13.90, 95% confidence interval: [-39.25, 11.46], P = 0.28), and the combination treatment showed significantly better efficacy than fluorides monotherapy for occlusal early caries lesions (mean difference: -21.02, 95% confidence interval: [-27.94, -14.10], P<0.01). However, further well-designed studies are still needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siying Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - He Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sibei Tao
- Renal Division, Department of Internal Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiming Cheng
- Renal Division, Department of Internal Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- * E-mail: (JL); (LH)
| | - Libang He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- * E-mail: (JL); (LH)
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Yu OY, Zhao IS, Mei ML, Lo ECM, Chu CH. Effect of Silver Nitrate and Sodium Fluoride with Tri-Calcium Phosphate on Streptococcus mutans and Demineralised Dentine. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051288. [PMID: 29693627 PMCID: PMC5983598 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of 25% silver nitrate (AgNO3) and 5% sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish with functionalized tri-calcium phosphate (fTCP) on a Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) biofilm and dentine caries lesion. Demineralised dentine specimens were treated with 25% AgNO3 and 5% NaF + fTCP (Group 1), 25% AgNO3 and 5% NaF (Group 2), 25% AgNO3 (Group 3), or water (Group 4). The specimens were subjected to a S. mutans biofilm challenge after treatment. The biofilm was then studied via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and colony forming units (CFU). The specimens were assessed by micro-computed tomography, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). SEM and CLSM revealed less biofilm in Groups 1 to 3. The log10 CFU of Groups 1 to 4 were 4.5 ± 0.7, 4.4 ± 0.9, 4.4 ± 0.9, and 6.7 ± 1.0, respectively (Groups 1, 2, 3 < 4, p < 0.001). The lesion depths of Groups 1 to 4 were 212.6 ± 20.1 µm, 280.8 ± 51.6 µm, 402.5 ± 61.7 µm, and 497.4 ± 67.2 µm, respectively (Groups 1 < 2 < 3 < 4, p < 0.001). XRD demonstrated silver chloride formation in Groups 1, 2, and 3. FTIR found the amide I: HPO42− values of the four groups were 0.22 ± 0.05, 0.25 ± 0.05, 0.41 ± 0.12, and 0.64 ± 0.14, respectively (Groups 1, 2 < 3 < 4; p < 0.001). In conclusion, this study revealed that AgNO3 and NaF + fTCP reduced the damage of dentine caries by cariogenic biofilm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ollie Yiru Yu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | | | - May Lei Mei
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | | | - Chun-Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Gao SS, Zhao IS, Duffin S, Duangthip D, Lo ECM, Chu CH. Revitalising Silver Nitrate for Caries Management. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15010080. [PMID: 29316616 PMCID: PMC5800179 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Silver nitrate has been adopted for medical use as a disinfectant for eye disease and burned wounds. In dentistry, it is an active ingredient of Howe’s solution used to prevent and arrest dental caries. While medical use of silver nitrate as a disinfectant became subsidiary with the discovery of antibiotics, its use in caries treatment also diminished with the use of fluoride in caries prevention. Since then, fluoride agents, particularly sodium fluoride, have gained popularity in caries prevention. However, caries is an infection caused by cariogenic bacteria, which demineralise enamel and dentine. Caries can progress and cause pulpal infection, but its progression can be halted through remineralisation. Sodium fluoride promotes remineralisation and silver nitrate has a profound antimicrobial effect. Hence, silver nitrate solution has been reintroduced for use with sodium fluoride varnish to arrest caries as a medical model strategy of caries management. Although the treatment permanently stains caries lesions black, this treatment protocol is simple, painless, non-invasive, and low-cost. It is well accepted by many clinicians and patients and therefore appears to be a promising strategy for caries control, particularly for young children, the elderly, and patients with severe caries risk or special needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Steve Duffin
- General Dentist, Shoreview Dental, LLC, Keizer, 97303 OR, USA.
| | | | | | - Chun Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zheng X, He J, Wang L, Zhou S, Peng X, Huang S, Zheng L, Cheng L, Hao Y, Li J, Xu J, Xu X, Zhou X. Ecological Effect of Arginine on Oral Microbiota. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7206. [PMID: 28775282 PMCID: PMC5543048 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07042-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is closely associated with the microbial dybiosis between acidogenic/aciduric pathogens and alkali-generating commensal bacteria colonized in the oral cavity. Our recent studies have shown that arginine may represent a promising anti-caries agent by modulating microbial composition in an in vitro consortium. However, the effect of arginine on the oral microbiota has yet to be comprehensively delineated in either clinical cohort or in vitro biofilm models that better represent the microbial diversity of oral cavity. Here, by employing a clinical cohort and a saliva-derived biofilm model, we demonstrated that arginine treatment could favorably modulate the oral microbiota of caries-active individuals. Specifically, treatment with arginine-containing dentifrice normalized the oral microbiota of caries-active individuals similar to that of caries-free controls in terms of microbial structure, abundance of typical species, enzymatic activities of glycolysis and alkali-generation related enzymes and their corresponding transcripts. Moreover, we found that combinatory use of arginine with fluoride could better enrich alkali-generating Streptococcus sanguinis and suppress acidogenic/aciduric Streptococcus mutans, and thus significantly retard the demineralizing capability of saliva-derived oral biofilm. Hence, we propose that fluoride and arginine have a potential synergistic effect in maintaining an eco-friendly oral microbial equilibrium in favor of better caries management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinzhi He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shuangshuang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shi Huang
- Single-Cell Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Liwei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuqing Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Geriatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Single-Cell Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. .,Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. .,Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Nassar HM, Gregory RL. Biofilm sensitivity of seven Streptococcus mutans strains to different fluoride levels. J Oral Microbiol 2017; 9:1328265. [PMID: 28748032 PMCID: PMC5508399 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2017.1328265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of fluoride concentrations in dental products could be different depending on the Streptococcus mutans strain. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different fluoride concentrations corresponding to dental products on biofilm formation and metabolic activity of S. mutans strains. Seven S. mutans strains (UA159, A32-2, NG8, 10449, UA130, LM7, and OMZ175) were inoculated into 96-well microtiter plates and were tested with various concentrations of sodium fluoride (0.0, 1.0, 1.56, 3.13, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 125, 175, 225, 275, 625, 1,250, 2,250, and 5,500 ppm) for inhibition of biofilm formation and bacterial metabolic activity by recording absorbance values followed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s tests (α = 5%). Significantly more (p≤0.05) biofilm mass in the presence of fluoride was produced by A32-2 and NG8. UA130, LM7, and OMZ175 were more sensitive to increased fluoride and demonstrated few bacterial cells and extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) production at 100 ppm in SEM images. All strains were unable to produce significant biofilm at concentrations >225 ppm. Patients with tolerantS. mutans strains would potentially benefit less from the inherent antibacterial effect of fluoride.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hani M Nassar
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Richard L Gregory
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, School of Dentistry, Indiana University, Indianapolis, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Jaymand M, Lotfi M, Barar J, Kimyai S. Synthesis and characterization of potential multifunctional methacrylate-based dental monomers. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-017-2957-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
|
44
|
Cheng X, Liu J, Li J, Zhou X, Wang L, Liu J, Xu X. Comparative effect of a stannous fluoride toothpaste and a sodium fluoride toothpaste on a multispecies biofilm. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 74:5-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
45
|
Gao L, Liu Y, Kim D, Li Y, Hwang G, Naha PC, Cormode DP, Koo H. Nanocatalysts promote Streptococcus mutans biofilm matrix degradation and enhance bacterial killing to suppress dental caries in vivo. Biomaterials 2016; 101:272-84. [PMID: 27294544 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dental biofilms (known as plaque) are notoriously difficult to remove or treat because the bacteria can be enmeshed in a protective extracellular matrix. It can also create highly acidic microenvironments that cause acid-dissolution of enamel-apatite on teeth, leading to the onset of dental caries. Current antimicrobial agents are incapable of disrupting the matrix and thereby fail to efficiently kill the microbes within plaque-biofilms. Here, we report a novel strategy to control plaque-biofilms using catalytic nanoparticles (CAT-NP) with peroxidase-like activity that trigger extracellular matrix degradation and cause bacterial death within acidic niches of caries-causing biofilm. CAT-NP containing biocompatible Fe3O4 were developed to catalyze H2O2 to generate free-radicals in situ that simultaneously degrade the biofilm matrix and rapidly kill the embedded bacteria with exceptional efficacy (>5-log reduction of cell-viability). Moreover, it displays an additional property of reducing apatite demineralization in acidic conditions. Using 1-min topical daily treatments akin to a clinical situation, we demonstrate that CAT-NP in combination with H2O2 effectively suppress the onset and severity of dental caries while sparing normal tissues in vivo. Our results reveal the potential to exploit nanocatalysts with enzyme-like activity as a potent alternative approach for treatment of a prevalent biofilm-associated oral disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lizeng Gao
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry & Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Yuan Liu
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dongyeop Kim
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yong Li
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Geelsu Hwang
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pratap C Naha
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David P Cormode
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hyun Koo
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry & Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Rabe P, Twetman S, Kinnby B, Svensäter G, Davies JR. Effect of fluoride and chlorhexidine digluconate mouthrinses on plaque biofilms. Open Dent J 2015; 9:106-11. [PMID: 25870718 PMCID: PMC4391207 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601509010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective :
To develop a model in which to investigate the architecture of plaque biofilms formed on enamel surfaces in vivo and to compare the effects of anti-microbial agents of relevance for caries on biofilm vitality. Materials and Methodology : Enamel discs mounted on healing abutments in the pre-molar region were worn by three subjects for 7 days. Control discs were removed before subjects rinsed with 0.1% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) or 0.2% sodium fluoride (NaF) for 1 minute. Biofilms were stained with Baclight Live/Dead and z-stacks of images created using confocal scanning laser micoscopy. The levels of vital and dead/damaged bacteria in the biofilms, assessed as the proportion of green and red pixels respectively, were analysed using ImageTrak® software. Results : The subjects showed individual differences in biofilm architecture. The thickness of the biofilms varied from 28-96µm although cell density was always the greatest in the middle layers. In control biofilms, the overall levels of vitality were high (71-98%) especially in the area closest to the enamel interface. Rinsing with either CHX or NaF caused a similar reduction in overall vitality. CHX exerted an effect throughout the biofilm, particularly on the surface of cell clusters whereas NaF caused cell damage/death mainly in the middle to lower biofilm layers. Conclusion : We describe a model that allows the formation of mature, undisturbed oral biofilms on human enamel surfaces in vivo and show that CHX and NaF have a similar effect on overall vitality but differ in their sites of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Per Rabe
- Maxillofacial Unit, Halland Hospital, SE-301 85, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Svante Twetman
- Maxillofacial Unit, Halland Hospital, SE-301 85, Halmstad, Sweden ; Department of Odontology, Section of Cariology and Endodontics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bertil Kinnby
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, SE-206 05, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Gunnel Svensäter
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, SE-206 05, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Julia R Davies
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, SE-206 05, Malmö, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Cai JN, Kim MA, Jung JE, Pandit S, Song KY, Jeon JG. Effects of combined oleic acid and fluoride at sub-MIC levels on EPS formation and viability of Streptococcus mutans UA159 biofilms. BIOFOULING 2015; 31:555-563. [PMID: 26293974 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2015.1076799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite the widespread use of fluoride, dental caries, a biofilm-related disease, remains an important health problem. This study investigated whether oleic acid, a monounsaturated fatty acid, can enhance the effect of fluoride on extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) formation by Streptococcus mutans UA159 biofilms at sub-minimum inhibitory concentration levels, via microbiological and biochemical methods, confocal fluorescence microscopy, and real-time PCR. The combination of oleic acid with fluoride inhibited EPS formation more strongly than did fluoride or oleic acid alone. The superior inhibition of EPS formation was due to the combination of the inhibitory effects of oleic acid and fluoride against glucosyltransferases (GTFs) and GTF-related gene (gtfB, gtfC, and gtfD) expression, respectively. In addition, the combination of oleic acid with fluoride altered the bacterial biovolume of the biofilms without bactericidal activity. These results suggest that oleic acid may be useful for enhancing fluoride inhibition of EPS formation by S. mutans biofilms, without killing the bacterium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Na Cai
- a Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Institute of Oral Bioscience and BK 21 Plus Program , Chonbuk National University , Jeonju , Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Zheng X, Cheng X, Wang L, Qiu W, Wang S, Zhou Y, Li M, Li Y, Cheng L, Li J, Zhou X, Xu X. Combinatorial effects of arginine and fluoride on oral bacteria. J Dent Res 2014; 94:344-53. [PMID: 25477312 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514561259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is closely associated with the microbial disequilibrium between acidogenic/aciduric pathogens and alkali-generating commensal residents within the dental plaque. Fluoride is a widely used anticaries agent, which promotes tooth hard-tissue remineralization and suppresses bacterial activities. Recent clinical trials have shown that oral hygiene products containing both fluoride and arginine possess a greater anticaries effect compared with those containing fluoride alone, indicating synergy between fluoride and arginine in caries management. Here, we hypothesize that arginine may augment the ecological benefit of fluoride by enriching alkali-generating bacteria in the plaque biofilm and thus synergizes with fluoride in controlling dental caries. Specifically, we assessed the combinatory effects of NaF/arginine on planktonic and biofilm cultures of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Porphyromonas gingivalis with checkerboard microdilution assays. The optimal NaF/arginine combinations were selected, and their combinatory effects on microbial composition were further examined in single-, dual-, and 3-species biofilm using bacterial species-specific fluorescence in situ hybridization and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. We found that arginine synergized with fluoride in suppressing acidogenic S. mutans in both planktonic and biofilm cultures. In addition, the NaF/arginine combination synergistically reduced S. mutans but enriched S. sanguinis within the multispecies biofilms. More importantly, the optimal combination of NaF/arginine maintained a "streptococcal pressure" against the potential growth of oral anaerobe P. gingivalis within the alkalized biofilm. Taken together, we conclude that the combinatory application of fluoride and arginine has a potential synergistic effect in maintaining a healthy oral microbial equilibrium and thus represents a promising ecological approach to caries management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - X Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - L Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - W Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - S Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Y Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - M Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Y Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - L Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - J Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - X Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - X Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Inhibitory effects of children's toothpastes on Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2014; 16:219-26. [PMID: 25403148 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-014-0159-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM As suppression of Streptococcus mutans in young children may prevent or delay colonisation of the oral cavity, toothbrushing with dentifrices containing anti-S. mutans activity may aid in preventing caries. The aims of this study were to compare the effects of children's dentifrices on the growth of S. mutans and non-mutans bacteria (Streptococcus sanguinis and Lactobacillus acidophilus). MATERIALS AND METHODS The agar diffusion assay at neutral pH was used to examine the antibacterial activity of commercial dentifrices and their major constituents. RESULTS Dentifrices containing 1,450 ppm fluoride produced greater growth inhibition of both S. mutans and S. sanguinis than those with <500 ppm. No inhibition was seen for pure solutions of sodium fluoride or sodium monofluorophosphate at fluoride concentrations up to 100,000 ppm. Stannous fluoride exerted antibacterial effects at concentrations above 10,000 ppm. Significant growth inhibition of both S. mutans and S. sanguinis was seen with sodium lauryl sulphate at 2,500 ppm and with triclosan at 100 ppm. No inhibitory effects were seen for xylitol, sorbitol, sodium pyrophosphate or polyethylene glycol at concentrations up to 80,000 ppm. CONCLUSION Sodium lauryl sulphate is the major bacterial inhibitory compound in children's dentifrices.
Collapse
|
50
|
Al-Bakri IA, Harty D, Al-Omari WM, Swain MV, Chrzanowski W, Ellakwa A. Surface characteristics and microbial adherence ability of modified polymethylmethacrylate by fluoridated glass fillers. Aust Dent J 2014; 59:482-9. [PMID: 25131992 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current study objectives were to evaluate the influence of fluoridated glass fillers loading on the surface roughness, wettability, and adherence of candida and bacteria with and without saliva presence to a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) denture base material surface. METHODS Four concentrations of fluoridated glass fillers were added to PMMA: 1%, 2.5%, 5% and 10% by weight pre-polymerization and 0% was the control. Discs of each concentration were fabricated (n = 5 for each variable). Surface roughness (Ra ) was measured using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Wettability was assessed by measuring the contact angle of a sessile drop of water. Specimens were incubated with Candida albicans, or Streptococcus mutans with and without saliva coating. Adherence was presented as a percentage of the colonized surface area, counted using an optical microscope at x100 magnification. RESULTS The 10% group showed significantly greater roughness than the control and 1% groups; however, no significant differences in contact angle values were detected. The microbial adhesion was inversely proportional to the fluoridated glass fillers concentration where 10% concentration significantly decreased candidal and bacterial adhesion compared to others. Saliva coating significantly decreased microbial adhesion. CONCLUSIONS It was concluded that fluoridated glass fillers could decrease microbial adhesion to acrylic denture base without adversely affecting surface properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I A Al-Bakri
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|