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Degens H, Paudyal A, Kwakkel G, Slevin M, Maas H. Stroke-induced excess in capillarization relative to oxidative capacity in rats is muscle specific. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e16153. [PMID: 39016169 PMCID: PMC11253024 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.16153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke is not only associated with muscle weakness, but also associated with reduced muscle fatigue resistance and reduced desaturation during exercise that may be caused by a reduced oxidative capacity and/or microvasculature. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine the effects of stroke on muscle mass, fiber size and shape, capillarization and oxidative capacity of the rat m. extensor carpi radialis (ECR) and m. flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) after a photothrombotic stroke in the forelimb region of the primary sensorimotor cortex. The main observation of the present study was that 4 weeks after induction of stroke there were no significant changes in muscle fiber size and shape. Although there was no significant capillary rarefaction, there was some evidence for remodeling of the capillary bed as reflected by a reduced heterogeneity of capillary spacing (p = 0.006) that may result in improved muscle oxygenation. In the ECR, but not in the FCU, this was accompanied by reduction in muscle fiber oxidative capacity as reflected by reduced optical density of sections stained for succinate dehydrogenase (p = 0.013). The reduced oxidative capacity and absence of significant capillary rarefaction resulted in a capillary to fiber ratio per unit of oxidative capacity that was higher after stroke in the ECR (p = 0.01), but not in the FCU. This suggests that at least during the early stages, stroke is not necessarily accompanied by muscle fiber atrophy, and that stroke-induced reductions in oxidative capacity resulting in relative excess of capillarization are muscle specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Degens
- Department of Life SciencesManchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUK
- Institute of Sport Science and InnovationsLithuanian Sports UniversityKaunasLithuania
| | - Arjun Paudyal
- Department of Life SciencesManchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUK
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement SciencesAmsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Gert Kwakkel
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicineAmsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Department of NeurorehabilitationAmsterdam Rehabilitation Research CentreAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Mark Slevin
- Department of Life SciencesManchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUK
- The George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu MuresTargu MuresTransylvaniaRomania
| | - Huub Maas
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement SciencesAmsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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Williamson MR, Le SP, Franzen RL, Donlan NA, Rosow JL, Nicot-Cartsonis MS, Cervantes A, Deneen B, Dunn AK, Jones TA, Drew MR. Subventricular zone cytogenesis provides trophic support for neural repair in a mouse model of stroke. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6341. [PMID: 37816732 PMCID: PMC10564905 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42138-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke enhances proliferation of neural precursor cells within the subventricular zone (SVZ) and induces ectopic migration of newborn cells towards the site of injury. Here, we characterize the identity of cells arising from the SVZ after stroke and uncover a mechanism through which they facilitate neural repair and functional recovery. With genetic lineage tracing, we show that SVZ-derived cells that migrate towards cortical photothrombotic stroke in mice are predominantly undifferentiated precursors. We find that ablation of neural precursor cells or conditional knockout of VEGF impairs neuronal and vascular reparative responses and worsens recovery. Replacement of VEGF is sufficient to induce neural repair and recovery. We also provide evidence that CXCL12 from peri-infarct vasculature signals to CXCR4-expressing cells arising from the SVZ to direct their ectopic migration. These results support a model in which vasculature surrounding the site of injury attracts cells from the SVZ, and these cells subsequently provide trophic support that drives neural repair and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Williamson
- Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Stephanie P Le
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Ronald L Franzen
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- School of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nicole A Donlan
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jill L Rosow
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | | | - Alexis Cervantes
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Cancer Neuroscience and Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Benjamin Deneen
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Cancer Neuroscience and Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrew K Dunn
- Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Theresa A Jones
- Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Michael R Drew
- Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Center for Learning and Memory and Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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Haas MC, Sommer BB, Karrer S, Jörger M, Graf ES, Huber M, Baumgartner D, Bauer CM. Hip and trunk kinematics during reaching on a mobile and stable seat. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289115. [PMID: 37498910 PMCID: PMC10374116 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Reaching movements are often used to assess selective trunk control in people with neurological conditions. Also, it is known that reaching performance after stroke is increased through training on a mobile seat compared to conventional physical therapy. However, the effect of a mobile seat on joint kinematics has not yet been investigated. This study aimed to quantify differences in the range of motion of the hip and trunk during reaching exercises on a mobile and stable sitting surface. Fifteen healthy participants performed reaching beyond arm's length on a mobile and a stable seat in four different directions: ipsilateral, anterior, contralateral, and contralateral diagonal. Biomechanical data were collected, including kinematics of the hip and trunk, and surface electromyography of the trunk muscles. The mobile sitting surface led to a higher range of motion in the trunk and the hip in the frontal and sagittal plane, but not in the rotational plane. Differences between reaching directions were found in all joint directions, except that of trunk flexion. Hence, movement patterns of the hip and trunk differ during reaching on different sitting surfaces and in different directions. A larger range of motion in the frontal or sagittal plane while training on the mobile seat provides added neuromuscular stimuli to the trunk muscles (= a higher demand on trunk muscles), which could result in more efficient training and therefore, increased trunk control after stroke. However, this has to be investigated in a future study with people after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C Haas
- School of Health Sciences, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Bettina B Sommer
- School of Health Sciences, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Karrer
- School of Health Sciences, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Jörger
- School of Health Sciences, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Eveline S Graf
- School of Health Sciences, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Martin Huber
- School of Health Sciences, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Baumgartner
- School of Engineering, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Christoph M Bauer
- School of Health Sciences, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
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