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Adhikari K, Pham T, Hall J, Rotenberg A, Besio WG. Language Mapping using tEEG and EEG Data with Convolutional Neural Networks. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2022; 2022:4060-4063. [PMID: 36083942 DOI: 10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tripolar electroencephalography (tEEG) has been found to have significantly better signal-to-noise ratio, spatial resolution, mutual information, and high-frequencies compared to EEG. This paper analyzes the tEEG signals acquired simultaneously with the EEG signals and compares their ability to map language to left and right hemispheres using convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The results show that while the time-domain features of tEEG and EEG signals lead to comparable functional mapping, the frequency domain features are significantly different. The left and right hemisphere classification performances using tEEG are equivalent in time and frequency domains. However, frequency domain classification for EEG results in less accuracy. Clinical Relevance- This technique could quickly, and noninvasively, guide clinicians about language dominance when preparing for resective surgery.
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Mitsuhashi T, Sonoda M, Firestone E, Sakakura K, Jeong JW, Luat AF, Sood S, Asano E. Temporally and functionally distinct large-scale brain network dynamics supporting task switching. Neuroimage 2022; 254:119126. [PMID: 35331870 PMCID: PMC9173207 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Our daily activities require frequent switches among competing responses at the millisecond time scale. We determined the spatiotemporal characteristics and functional significance of rapid, large-scale brain network dynamics during task switching. Methods: This cross-sectional study investigated patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy who played a Lumosity cognitive flexibility training game during intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) recording. According to a given task rule, unpredictably switching across trials, participants had to swipe the screen in the direction the stimulus was pointing or moving. Using this data, we described the spatiotemporal characteristics of iEEG high-gamma augmentation occurring more intensely during switch than repeat trials, unattributable to the effect of task rule (pointing or moving), within-stimulus congruence (the direction of stimulus pointing and moving was same or different in a given trial), or accuracy of an immediately preceding response. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) tractography determined whether distant cortical regions showing enhanced activation during task switch trials were directly connected by white matter tracts. Trial-by-trial iEEG analysis deduced whether the intensity of task switch-related high-gamma augmentation was altered through practice and whether high-gamma amplitude predicted the accuracy of an upcoming response among switch trials. Results: The average number of completed trials during five-minute gameplay was 221.4 per patient (range: 171–285). Task switch trials increased the response times, whereas later trials reduced them. Analysis of iEEG signals sampled from 860 brain sites effectively elucidated the distinct spatiotemporal characteristics of task switch, task rule, and post-error-specific high-gamma modulations. Post-cue, task switch-related high-gamma augmentation was initiated in the right calcarine cortex after 260 ms, right precuneus after 330 ms, right entorhinal after 420 ms, and bilateral anterior middle-frontal gyri after 450 ms. DWI tractography successfully showed the presence of direct white matter tracts connecting the right visual areas to the precuneus and anterior middle-frontal regions but not between the right precuneus and anterior middle-frontal regions. Task-related high-gamma amplitudes in later trials were reduced in the calcarine, entorhinal and anterior middle-frontal regions, but increased in the precuneus. Functionally, enhanced post-cue precuneus high-gamma augmentation improved the accuracy of subsequent responses among switch trials. Conclusions: Our multimodal analysis uncovered two temporally and functionally distinct network dynamics supporting task switching. High-gamma augmentation in the visual-precuneus pathway may reflect the neural process facilitating an attentional shift to a given updated task rule. High-gamma activity in the visual-dorsolateral prefrontal pathway, rapidly reduced through practice, may reflect the cost of executing appropriate stimulus-response translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Mitsuhashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University, Tokyo, 1138421, Japan
| | - Masaki Sonoda
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, 2360004, Japan
| | - Ethan Firestone
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA; Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Kazuki Sakakura
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 3058575, Japan
| | - Jeong-Won Jeong
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA; Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Aimee F Luat
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA; Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48858, USA
| | - Sandeep Sood
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Eishi Asano
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA; Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
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Drane DL, Pedersen NP, Sabsevitz DS, Block C, Dickey AS, Alwaki A, Kheder A. Cognitive and Emotional Mapping With SEEG. Front Neurol 2021; 12:627981. [PMID: 33912122 PMCID: PMC8072290 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.627981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mapping of cortical functions is critical for the best clinical care of patients undergoing epilepsy and tumor surgery, but also to better understand human brain function and connectivity. The purpose of this review is to explore existing and potential means of mapping higher cortical functions, including stimulation mapping, passive mapping, and connectivity analyses. We examine the history of mapping, differences between subdural and stereoelectroencephalographic approaches, and some risks and safety aspects, before examining different types of functional mapping. Much of this review explores the prospects for new mapping approaches to better understand other components of language, memory, spatial skills, executive, and socio-emotional functions. We also touch on brain-machine interfaces, philosophical aspects of aligning tasks to brain circuits, and the study of consciousness. We end by discussing multi-modal testing and virtual reality approaches to mapping higher cortical functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L. Drane
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Emory Epilepsy Center, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Nigel P. Pedersen
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Emory Epilepsy Center, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - David S. Sabsevitz
- Department of Psychology and Psychiatry, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Cady Block
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Adam S. Dickey
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Abdulrahman Alwaki
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ammar Kheder
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Roland JL, Hacker CD, Leuthardt EC. A Review of Passive Brain Mapping Techniques in Neurological Surgery. Neurosurgery 2020; 88:15-24. [DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyaa361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Brain mapping is a quintessential part of neurosurgical practice. Accordingly, much of our understanding of the brain's functional organization, and in particular the motor homunculus, is largely attributable to the clinical investigations of past neurosurgeons. Traditionally mapping was invasive and involved the application of electrical current to the exposed brain to observe focal disruption of function or to elicit overt actions. More recently, a wide variety of techniques have been developed that do not require electrical stimulation and often do not require any explicit participation by the subject. Collectively we refer to these as passive mapping modalities. Here we review the spectrum of passive mapping used by neurosurgeons for mapping and surgical planning that ranges from invasive intracranial recordings to noninvasive imaging as well as regimented task-based protocols to completely task-free paradigms that can be performed intraoperatively while under anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarod L Roland
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Carl D Hacker
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Eric C Leuthardt
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
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Gould L, Wu A, Tellez-Zenteno JF, Neudorf J, Kress S, Gibb K, Ekstrand C, Dabirzadeh H, Ahmed SU, Borowsky R. Atypical language localization in right temporal lobe epilepsy: An fMRI case report. Epilepsy Behav Rep 2020; 14:100364. [PMID: 32462137 PMCID: PMC7243043 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebr.2020.100364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a 41- year-old, left-handed patient with drug-resistant right temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Presurgical fMRI was conducted to examine whether the patient had language functioning in the right hemisphere given that left-handedness is associated with a higher prevalence of right hemisphere dominance for language. The fMRI results revealed bilateral activation in Broca's and Wernicke's areas and activation of eloquent cortex near the region of planned resection in the right temporal lobe. Due to right temporal language-related activation, the patient underwent an awake right-sided temporal lobectomy with intraoperative language mapping. Intraoperative direct cortical stimulation (DCS) was conducted in the regions corresponding to the fMRI activation, and the patient showed language abnormalities, such as paraphasic errors, and speech arrest. The decision was made to abort the planned anterior temporal lobe procedure, and the patient instead underwent a selective amygdalohippocampectomy via the Sylvian fissure at a later date. Post-operatively the patient was seizure-free with no neurological deficits. Taken together, the results support previous findings of right hemisphere language activation in left-handed individuals, and should be considered in cases in which presurgical localization is conducted for left-hand dominant patients undergoing neurosurgical procedures. The report evaluates evidence for the possibility of right hemisphere language activation in a left-handed right TLE patient The results of the fMRI tasks showed bilateral speech regions, such as left and right Broca's area and Wernicke's area The results support previous findings of right hemisphere language activation in left-handed individuals The report discusses the value of fMRI of language tasks for presurgical planning in epilepsy cases Report highlights how fMRI findings can alter surgical strategy and how intraoperative brain mapping validates these findings
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Gould
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Royal University Hospital, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada
- Correspondence to: L. Gould, Department of Surgery, University of Saskatchewan, SK S7N 5A5, Canada.
| | - Adam Wu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Royal University Hospital, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada
| | - Jose F. Tellez-Zenteno
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Royal University Hospital, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada
| | - Josh Neudorf
- Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, 9 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A5, Canada
| | - Shaylyn Kress
- Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, 9 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A5, Canada
| | - Katherine Gibb
- Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, 9 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A5, Canada
| | - Chelsea Ekstrand
- Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, 9 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A5, Canada
| | - Hamid Dabirzadeh
- Department of Medical Imaging, Royal University Hospital, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada
| | - Syed Uzair Ahmed
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Royal University Hospital, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada
| | - Ron Borowsky
- Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, 9 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A5, Canada
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RaviPrakash H, Korostenskaja M, Castillo EM, Lee KH, Salinas CM, Baumgartner J, Anwar SM, Spampinato C, Bagci U. Deep Learning Provides Exceptional Accuracy to ECoG-Based Functional Language Mapping for Epilepsy Surgery. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:409. [PMID: 32435182 PMCID: PMC7218144 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of surgical resection in epilepsy patients depends on preserving functionally critical brain regions, while removing pathological tissues. Being the gold standard, electro-cortical stimulation mapping (ESM) helps surgeons in localizing the function of eloquent cortex through electrical stimulation of electrodes placed directly on the cortical brain surface. Due to the potential hazards of ESM, including increased risk of provoked seizures, electrocorticography based functional mapping (ECoG-FM) was introduced as a safer alternative approach. However, ECoG-FM has a low success rate when compared to the ESM. In this study, we address this critical limitation by developing a new algorithm based on deep learning for ECoG-FM and thereby we achieve an accuracy comparable to ESM in identifying eloquent language cortex. In our experiments, with 11 epilepsy patients who underwent presurgical evaluation (through deep learning-based signal analysis on 637 electrodes), our proposed algorithm obtained an accuracy of 83.05% in identifying language regions, an exceptional 23% improvement with respect to the conventional ECoG-FM analysis (∼60%). Our findings have demonstrated, for the first time, that deep learning powered ECoG-FM can serve as a stand-alone modality and avoid likely hazards of the ESM in epilepsy surgery. Hence, reducing the potential for developing post-surgical morbidity in the language function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish RaviPrakash
- Center for Research in Computer Vision, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Milena Korostenskaja
- Functional Brain Mapping and Brain Computer Interface Lab, AdventHealth Orlando, Orlando, FL, United States.,MEG Lab, AdventHealth Orlando, Orlando, FL, United States.,AdventHealth Medical Group Epilepsy at Orlando, AdventHealth Orlando, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Eduardo M Castillo
- MEG Lab, AdventHealth Orlando, Orlando, FL, United States.,AdventHealth Medical Group Epilepsy at Orlando, AdventHealth Orlando, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Ki H Lee
- AdventHealth Medical Group Epilepsy at Orlando, AdventHealth Orlando, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Christine M Salinas
- AdventHealth Medical Group Epilepsy at Orlando, AdventHealth Orlando, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - James Baumgartner
- AdventHealth Medical Group Epilepsy at Orlando, AdventHealth Orlando, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Syed M Anwar
- Center for Research in Computer Vision, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Concetto Spampinato
- Center for Research in Computer Vision, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States.,Department of Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Ulas Bagci
- Center for Research in Computer Vision, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
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Gabriel PG, Chen KJ, Alasfour A, Pailla T, Doyle WK, Devinsky O, Friedman D, Dugan P, Melloni L, Thesen T, Gonda D, Sattar S, Wang SG, Gilja V. Neural correlates of unstructured motor behaviors. J Neural Eng 2019; 16:066026. [DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ab355c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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8
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Alasfour A, Gabriel P, Jiang X, Shamie I, Melloni L, Thesen T, Dugan P, Friedman D, Doyle W, Devinsky O, Gonda D, Sattar S, Wang S, Halgren E, Gilja V. Coarse behavioral context decoding. J Neural Eng 2019; 16:016021. [DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/aaee9c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Mugler EM, Tate MC, Livescu K, Templer JW, Goldrick MA, Slutzky MW. Differential Representation of Articulatory Gestures and Phonemes in Precentral and Inferior Frontal Gyri. J Neurosci 2018; 38:9803-9813. [PMID: 30257858 PMCID: PMC6234299 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1206-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Speech is a critical form of human communication and is central to our daily lives. Yet, despite decades of study, an understanding of the fundamental neural control of speech production remains incomplete. Current theories model speech production as a hierarchy from sentences and phrases down to words, syllables, speech sounds (phonemes), and the actions of vocal tract articulators used to produce speech sounds (articulatory gestures). Here, we investigate the cortical representation of articulatory gestures and phonemes in ventral precentral and inferior frontal gyri in men and women. Our results indicate that ventral precentral cortex represents gestures to a greater extent than phonemes, while inferior frontal cortex represents both gestures and phonemes. These findings suggest that speech production shares a common cortical representation with that of other types of movement, such as arm and hand movements. This has important implications both for our understanding of speech production and for the design of brain-machine interfaces to restore communication to people who cannot speak.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Despite being studied for decades, the production of speech by the brain is not fully understood. In particular, the most elemental parts of speech, speech sounds (phonemes) and the movements of vocal tract articulators used to produce these sounds (articulatory gestures), have both been hypothesized to be encoded in motor cortex. Using direct cortical recordings, we found evidence that primary motor and premotor cortices represent gestures to a greater extent than phonemes. Inferior frontal cortex (part of Broca's area) appears to represent both gestures and phonemes. These findings suggest that speech production shares a similar cortical organizational structure with the movement of other body parts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karen Livescu
- Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | | | | | - Marc W Slutzky
- Departments of Neurology,
- Physiology
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, and
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Swift JR, Coon WG, Guger C, Brunner P, Bunch M, Lynch T, Frawley B, Ritaccio AL, Schalk G. Passive functional mapping of receptive language areas using electrocorticographic signals. Clin Neurophysiol 2018; 129:2517-2524. [PMID: 30342252 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To validate the use of passive functional mapping using electrocorticographic (ECoG) broadband gamma signals for identifying receptive language cortex. METHODS We mapped language function in 23 patients using ECoG and using electrical cortical stimulation (ECS) in a subset of 15 subjects. RESULTS The qualitative comparison between cortical sites identified by ECoG and ECS show a high concordance. A quantitative comparison indicates a high level of sensitivity (95%) and a lower level of specificity (59%). Detailed analysis reveals that 82% of all cortical sites identified by ECoG were within one contact of a site identified by ECS. CONCLUSIONS These results show that passive functional mapping reliably localizes receptive language areas, and that there is a substantial concordance between the ECoG- and ECS-based methods. They also point to a more refined understanding of the differences between ECoG- and ECS-based mappings. This refined understanding helps to clarify the instances in which the two methods disagree and can explain why neurosurgical practice has established the concept of a "safety margin." SIGNIFICANCE Passive functional mapping using ECoG signals provides a fast, robust, and reliable method for identifying receptive language areas without many of the risks and limitations associated with ECS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Swift
- g.tec neurotechnology USA, Rensselaer, NY, USA; Dept. of Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA; National Ctr. for Adaptive Neurotechnologies, Wadsworth Center, NY State Dept. of Health, Albany, NY, USA.
| | - W G Coon
- g.tec neurotechnology USA, Rensselaer, NY, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Dept. of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; National Ctr. for Adaptive Neurotechnologies, Wadsworth Center, NY State Dept. of Health, Albany, NY, USA.
| | - C Guger
- g.tec neurotechnology USA, Rensselaer, NY, USA.
| | - P Brunner
- Dept. of Neurology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA; National Ctr. for Adaptive Neurotechnologies, Wadsworth Center, NY State Dept. of Health, Albany, NY, USA.
| | - M Bunch
- Dept. of Neurology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA.
| | - T Lynch
- Dept. of Neurology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA.
| | - B Frawley
- Dept. of Neurology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA.
| | - A L Ritaccio
- Dept. of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA; National Ctr. for Adaptive Neurotechnologies, Wadsworth Center, NY State Dept. of Health, Albany, NY, USA.
| | - G Schalk
- Dept. of Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA; Dept. of Neurology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA; National Ctr. for Adaptive Neurotechnologies, Wadsworth Center, NY State Dept. of Health, Albany, NY, USA.
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Electrical Stimulation Mapping of the Brain: Basic Principles and Emerging Alternatives. J Clin Neurophysiol 2018; 35:86-97. [PMID: 29499015 DOI: 10.1097/wnp.0000000000000440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of electrical stimulation mapping (ESM) of the brain for clinical use is approximating a century. Despite this long-standing history, the value of ESM for guiding surgical resections and sparing eloquent cortex is documented largely by small retrospective studies, and ESM protocols are largely inherited and lack standardization. Although models are imperfect and mechanisms are complex, the probabilistic causality of ESM has guaranteed its perpetuation into the 21st century. At present, electrical stimulation of cortical tissue is being revisited for network connectivity. In addition, noninvasive and passive mapping techniques are rapidly evolving to complement and potentially replace ESM in specific clinical situations. Lesional and epilepsy neurosurgery cases now offer different opportunities for multimodal functional assessments.
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12
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Wen J, Yu T, Wang X, Liu C, Zhou T, Li Y, Li X. Continuous behavioral tracing-based online functional brain mapping with intracranial electroencephalography. J Neural Eng 2018; 15:054002. [DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/aad405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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13
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Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the use of the cortiQ-based mapping system (g.tec medication engineering GmbH, Austria) for real-time functional mapping (RTFM) and to compare it to results from electrical cortical stimulation mapping (ESM) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). METHODS Electrocorticographic activity was recorded in 3 male patients with intractable epilepsy by using cortiQ mapping system and analyzed in real time. Activation related to motor, sensory, and receptive language tasks was determined by evaluating the power of the high gamma frequency band (60-170 Hz). The sensitivity and specificity of RTFM were tested against ESM and fMRI results. RESULTS "Next-neighbor" approach demonstrated [sensitivity/specificity %] (1) RTFM against ESM: 100.00/79.70 for hand motor; 100.00/73.87 for hand sensory; -/87 for language (it was not identified by the ESM); (2) RTFM against fMRI: 100.00/84.4 for hand motor; 66.70/85.35 for hand sensory; and 87.85/77.70 for language. CONCLUSIONS The results of the quantitative "next-neighbor" RTFM evaluation were concordant to those from ESM and fMRI. The RTFM correlates well with localization of hand motor function provided by ESM and fMRI, which may offer added localization in the operating room and guidance for extraoperative ESM mapping. Real-time functional mapping correlates with fMRI language activation when ESM findings are negative. It has fewer limitations than ESM and greater flexibility in activation paradigms and measuring responses.
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14
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de Pesters A, Taplin AM, Adamo MA, Ritaccio AL, Schalk G. Electrocorticographic mapping of expressive language function without requiring the patient to speak: A report of three cases. EPILEPSY & BEHAVIOR CASE REPORTS 2016; 6:13-8. [PMID: 27408803 PMCID: PMC4925928 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebcr.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Objective Patients requiring resective brain surgery often undergo functional brain mapping during perioperative planning to localize expressive language areas. Currently, all established protocols to perform such mapping require substantial time and patient participation during verb generation or similar tasks. These issues can make language mapping impractical in certain clinical circumstances (e.g., during awake craniotomies) or with certain populations (e.g., pediatric patients). Thus, it is important to develop new techniques that reduce mapping time and the requirement for active patient participation. Several neuroscientific studies reported that the mere auditory presentation of speech stimuli can engage not only receptive but also expressive language areas. Here, we tested the hypothesis that submission of electrocorticographic (ECoG) recordings during a short speech listening task to an appropriate analysis procedure can identify eloquent expressive language cortex without requiring the patient to speak. Methods Three patients undergoing temporary placement of subdural electrode grids passively listened to stories while we recorded their ECoG activity. We identified those sites whose activity in the broadband gamma range (70–170 Hz) changed immediately after presentation of the speech stimuli with respect to a prestimulus baseline. Results Our analyses revealed increased broadband gamma activity at distinct locations in the inferior frontal cortex, superior temporal gyrus, and/or perisylvian areas in all three patients and premotor and/or supplementary motor areas in two patients. The sites in the inferior frontal cortex that we identified with our procedure were either on or immediately adjacent to locations identified using electrical cortical stimulation (ECS) mapping. Conclusions The results of this study provide encouraging preliminary evidence that it may be possible that a brief and practical protocol can identify expressive language areas without requiring the patient to speak. This protocol could provide the clinician with a map of expressive language cortex within a few minutes. This may be useful as an adjunct to ECS interrogation or as an alternative to mapping using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In conclusion, with further development and validation in more subjects, the approach presented here could help in identifying expressive language areas in situations where patients cannot speak in response to task instructions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana de Pesters
- National Center for Adaptive Neurotechnologies, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - AmiLyn M Taplin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Matthew A Adamo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | | | - Gerwin Schalk
- National Center for Adaptive Neurotechnologies, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
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15
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Bilateral intracranial EEG with corpus callosotomy may uncover seizure focus in nonlocalizing focal epilepsy. Seizure 2015; 24:63-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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16
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Ritaccio A, Brunner P, Gunduz A, Hermes D, Hirsch LJ, Jacobs J, Kamada K, Kastner S, Knight RT, Lesser RP, Miller K, Sejnowski T, Worrell G, Schalk G. Proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on Advances in Electrocorticography. Epilepsy Behav 2014; 41:183-92. [PMID: 25461213 PMCID: PMC4268064 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2014.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Fifth International Workshop on Advances in Electrocorticography convened in San Diego, CA, on November 7-8, 2013. Advancements in methodology, implementation, and commercialization across both research and in the interval year since the last workshop were the focus of the gathering. Electrocorticography (ECoG) is now firmly established as a preferred signal source for advanced research in functional, cognitive, and neuroprosthetic domains. Published output in ECoG fields has increased tenfold in the past decade. These proceedings attempt to summarize the state of the art.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Brunner
- Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA; Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ronald P Lesser
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Gerwin Schalk
- Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA; Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
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17
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Korostenskaja M, Chen PC, Salinas CM, Westerveld M, Brunner P, Schalk G, Cook JC, Baumgartner J, Lee KH. Real-time functional mapping: potential tool for improving language outcome in pediatric epilepsy surgery. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2014; 14:287-95. [PMID: 24995815 PMCID: PMC4405165 DOI: 10.3171/2014.6.peds13477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Accurate language localization expands surgical treatment options for epilepsy patients and reduces the risk of postsurgery language deficits. Electrical cortical stimulation mapping (ESM) is considered to be the clinical gold standard for language localization. While ESM affords clinically valuable results, it can be poorly tolerated by children, requires active participation and compliance, carries a risk of inducing seizures, is highly time consuming, and is labor intensive. Given these limitations, alternative and/or complementary functional localization methods such as analysis of electrocorticographic (ECoG) activity in high gamma frequency band in real time are needed to precisely identify eloquent cortex in children. In this case report, the authors examined 1) the use of real-time functional mapping (RTFM) for language localization in a high gamma frequency band derived from ECoG to guide surgery in an epileptic pediatric patient and 2) the relationship of RTFM mapping results to postsurgical language outcomes. The authors found that RTFM demonstrated relatively high sensitivity (75%) and high specificity (90%) when compared with ESM in a "next-neighbor" analysis. While overlapping with ESM in the superior temporal region, RTFM showed a few other areas of activation related to expressive language function, areas that were eventually resected during the surgery. The authors speculate that this resection may be associated with observed postsurgical expressive language deficits. With additional validation in more subjects, this finding would suggest that surgical planning and associated assessment of the risk/benefit ratio would benefit from information provided by RTFM mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Korostenskaja
- Functional Brain Mapping and Brain-Computer Interface Lab, Center for Pediatric Research and Outcomes and Comprehensive Pediatric Epilepsy Center, Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida
,MEG Lab, Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida
| | - Po-Ching Chen
- Functional Brain Mapping and Brain-Computer Interface Lab, Center for Pediatric Research and Outcomes and Comprehensive Pediatric Epilepsy Center, Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida
,MEG Lab, Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida
| | - Christine M. Salinas
- Division of Neuropsychology, Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida
,Comprehensive Pediatric Epilepsy Center, Florida Hospital for Children, Orlando, Florida
| | | | - Peter Brunner
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York
| | - Gerwin Schalk
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York
| | - Jane C. Cook
- Department of Radiology, Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida
| | - James Baumgartner
- Comprehensive Pediatric Epilepsy Center, Florida Hospital for Children, Orlando, Florida
| | - Ki H. Lee
- Comprehensive Pediatric Epilepsy Center, Florida Hospital for Children, Orlando, Florida
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