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Diedericks A, Bruwer Z, Laing N, Eastman E, De Vries J, Newton CR, Abubakar A, Robinson EB, Donald KA. Parental perspectives regarding the return of genomic research results in neurodevelopmental disorders in South Africa: anticipated impact and preferences. J Community Genet 2024:10.1007/s12687-024-00723-w. [PMID: 39090365 DOI: 10.1007/s12687-024-00723-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Few policies and little research exist regarding the disclosure of genomic results to research participants in Africa. As understanding participant preferences would be pivotal to the success of the feedback process, this study set out to address this issue by engaging with enrolled participants from an ongoing genomics research project on neurodevelopmental disorders with the aim to assess the anticipated impact of receiving pertinent results and explore the preferences for feedback in a South African context. Twelve semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 parents of children participating in the research study. Transcribed interview data and observational notes were analysed using thematic analysis and framework matrices. Participants linked their own meaning to the impact of receiving a pertinent result and perceived the information as useful for reasons other than only clinical utility. These included closure, improved management of their child's condition and information regarding recurrence risks. In terms of preferences for feedback, an in-person result delivery session, conducted by a member of the study team or medical professional familiar with their child was preferred. In addition, participants felt a sense of ownership over their blood or their contribution to the research study, finding meaning even in non-pertinent results. These findings provide insight into the type of discussions that may be valuable in enabling the development of best practices and guidelines for the return of individual genetic research results, in a culturally appropriate manner, within South African communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelique Diedericks
- Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Zandré Bruwer
- Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Nakita Laing
- Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Emma Eastman
- Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jantina De Vries
- The Ethics Lab, Neuroscience Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Charles R Newton
- Neuroscience Unit, Center for Geographic Medicine Research Coast, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust, Kilifi, Kenya
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, London, UK
- Institute of Human Development, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Amina Abubakar
- Neuroscience Unit, Center for Geographic Medicine Research Coast, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust, Kilifi, Kenya
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, London, UK
- Institute of Human Development, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Elise B Robinson
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kirsten A Donald
- Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
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Diedericks A, Bruwer Z, Laing N, Eastman E, De Vries JDV, Donald KA, Robinson EB, Newton CR, Abubakar A. Parental Perspectives Regarding the Return of Genomic Research Results in Neurodevelopmental Disorders in South Africa: Anticipated Impact and Preferences. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4448155. [PMID: 38946993 PMCID: PMC11213179 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4448155/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Few policies and little research exist regarding the disclosure of genomic results to research participants in Africa. As understanding participant preferences would be pivotal to the success of the feedback process, this study set out to address this issue by engaging with enrolled participants from an ongoing genomics research project on neurodevelopmental disorders with the aim to assess the anticipated impact of receiving pertinent results and explore the preferences for feedback in a South-African context. Twelve semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 parents of children participating in the research study. Transcribed interview data and observational notes were analysed using thematic analysis and framework matrices. Participants linked their own meaning to the impact of receiving a pertinent result and perceived the information as useful for reasons other than only clinical utility. These included closure, improved management of their child's condition and information regarding recurrence risks. In terms of preferences for feedback, an in-person result delivery session, conducted by a member of the study team or medical professional familiar with their child was preferred. In addition, participants felt a sense of ownership over their blood or their contribution to the research study, finding meaning even in non-pertinent (secondary findings) or negative results. These findings provide insight into the type of discussions that may be valuable in enabling the development of best practices and guidelines for the return of individual genetic research results, in a culturally appropriate manner, within South-African communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelique Diedericks
- Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital
| | - Zandré Bruwer
- Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town
| | - Nakita Laing
- Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital
| | - Emma Eastman
- Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town
| | | | - Kirsten A Donald
- Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town
| | - Elise B Robinson
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles R Newton
- Neuroscience Unit, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust, Center for Geographic Medicine Research Coast, Kilifi, Kenya; Department of Psychiatry, UnivInstitute of Human Development, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Amina Abubakar
- Neuroscience Unit, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust, Center for Geographic Medicine Research Coast, Kilifi, Kenya; Department of Psychiatry, UnivInstitute of Human Development, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
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Shingwenyana B, Rossouw B, Thom J, Louw N, Krause A, Lombard Z. Research participants' perspectives regarding the feedback of secondary findings-A cohort from the DDD-Africa study, South Africa. J Genet Couns 2023:10.1002/jgc4.1830. [PMID: 37965991 PMCID: PMC11093881 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Genomic researchers face an ethical dilemma regarding feedback of individual results generated from genomic studies. In the African setting, genomic research is still not widely implemented and, coupled with this, the limited African-specific guidelines on how to feedback on individual research findings. A qualitative study was performed to assess participants' expectations and preferences regarding the feedback of secondary findings from genomic research. Participants were parents of children with a developmental disorder, enrolled in the Deciphering Developmental Disorders in Africa (DDD-Africa) research project, and were purposefully selected. Three deliberative focus group discussions were conducted with 14 participants. Each deliberative focus group consisted of two separate audio-recorded interviews and presented different case scenarios for different types of secondary findings that could be theoretically detected during genomic research. We aimed to explore participants' preferences for the extent, nature, timing, and methods for receiving individual study results, specifically pertaining to secondary findings. Thematic content analysis was done, with a deductive approach to coding. Four themes emerged which included participants' perception of readiness to receive secondary findings, queries raised around who has access to research findings and feedback of findings consent, responsibilities of the researcher, and reasons for not wanting/wanting secondary findings. Overall, participants expressed that they want to receive feedback on secondary findings irrespective of disease severity and treatment availability. Lifestyle changes, early prevention or treatment, impact on future generations, and preparedness were strong motivations for wanting feedback on results. Participants felt that when the research involved minors, it was the parents' right to receive results on behalf of their children. This study provides new insights into participants' preferences around feedback on genomic research results and could serve as an important basis for creating guidelines and recommendations for feedback on genomic results in the African context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry Shingwenyana
- Barry Shingwenyana and Bianca Rossouw should be considered joint first author
- Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service and School of Pathology, The University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Bianca Rossouw
- Barry Shingwenyana and Bianca Rossouw should be considered joint first author
- Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service and School of Pathology, The University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jamey Thom
- Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service and School of Pathology, The University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Department, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Nadja Louw
- Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service and School of Pathology, The University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Amanda Krause
- Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service and School of Pathology, The University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Zané Lombard
- Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service and School of Pathology, The University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Johnson LM, Mandrell BN, Li C, Lu Z, Gattuso J, Harrison LW, Mori M, Ouma AA, Pritchard M, Sharp KMH, Nichols KE. Managing Pandora's Box: Familial Expectations around the Return of (Future) Germline Results. AJOB Empir Bioeth 2022; 13:152-165. [PMID: 35471132 DOI: 10.1080/23294515.2022.2063994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric oncology patients are increasingly being offered germline testing to diagnose underlying cancer predispositions. Meanwhile, as understanding of variant pathogenicity evolves, planned reanalysis of genomic results has been suggested. Little is known regarding the types of genomic information that parents and their adolescent children with cancer prefer to receive at the time of testing or their expectations around the future return of genomic results. METHODS Parents and adolescent children with cancer eligible for genomic testing for cancer predisposition were surveyed regarding their attitudes and expectations for receiving current and future germline results (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02530658). RESULTS All parents (100%) desired to learn about results for treatable or preventable conditions, with 92.4% wanting results even when there is no treatment or prevention. Parents expressed less interest in receiving uncertain results for themselves (88.3%) than for their children (95.3%). Most parents (95.9%) and adolescents (87.9%) believed that providers have a responsibility to share new or updated germline results indefinitely or at any point during follow-up care. Fewer parents (67.5%) indicated that they would want results if their child was deceased: 10.3% would not want to be contacted, 19.3% were uncertain. CONCLUSIONS Expectations for return of new or updated genomic results are high among pediatric oncology families, although up to one third of parents have reservations about receiving such information in the event of their child's death. These results underscore the importance of high-quality pre-and post-test counseling, conducted by individuals trained in consenting around genomic testing to elicit family preferences and align expectations around the return of germline results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza-Marie Johnson
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Belinda N Mandrell
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nursing Research, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Zhaohua Lu
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jami Gattuso
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nursing Research, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lynn W Harrison
- Department of Oncology, Division of Cancer Predisposition, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Motomi Mori
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Annastasia A Ouma
- Department of Oncology, Division of Cancer Predisposition, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Michele Pritchard
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nursing Research, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Kim E Nichols
- Department of Oncology, Division of Cancer Predisposition, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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Slotkowski RA, Delair SF, Neemann KA. Cross-sectional survey of parental barriers to participation in pediatric participant research registries. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268553. [PMID: 35584152 PMCID: PMC9116665 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Research registries are a powerful tool for boosting recruitment into clinical trials. However, little is known about how parents approach the decision to enroll their child in a pediatric participant research registry (PPRR). We conducted in-person, written, or telephone surveys with parents/guardians of children hospitalized at Children's Hospital of Omaha, Nebraska to identify attitudes towards and barriers to enrollment in PPRRs. Overall, our population (N = 36) had positive attitudes toward PPRRs, with 77.8% (CI: 61.6, 88.4) of participants stating they were "somewhat" or "very" likely to enroll their child. Likelihood to enroll differed between various recruitment and enrollment methods, with participants stating they would be more likely to enroll their child in a PPRR if they were recruited by their child's primary care provider or a nurse in clinic (p = 0.02) and less likely to enroll if they were recruited through social media (p<0.001). Additionally, over 90% of participants who were likely to enroll their child in a PPRR (N = 28) were also willing to provide demographic, medical, and lifestyle information. However, these participants remained concerned about inappropriate sharing of their information with insurance or for-profit companies (53.6%, CI: 35.8, 70.4) and about receiving unwanted telephone calls from the registry (78.6%, CI: 60.0, 90.0). Parents are generally willing to enroll their child in a PPRR. However, to optimize enrollment, investigators must understand parental preferences for and concerns surrounding enrollment in a PPRR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A. Slotkowski
- College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Shirley F. Delair
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Kari A. Neemann
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Return of individual research results from genomic research: A systematic review of stakeholder perspectives. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258646. [PMID: 34748551 PMCID: PMC8575249 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the plethora of empirical studies conducted to date, debate continues about whether and to what extent results should be returned to participants of genomic research. We aimed to systematically review the empirical literature exploring stakeholders’ perspectives on return of individual research results (IRR) from genomic research. We examined preferences for receiving or willingness to return IRR, and experiences with either receiving or returning them. The systematic searches were conducted across five major databases in August 2018 and repeated in April 2020, and included studies reporting findings from primary research regardless of method (quantitative, qualitative, mixed). Articles that related to the clinical setting were excluded. Our search identified 221 articles that met our search criteria. This included 118 quantitative, 69 qualitative and 34 mixed methods studies. These articles included a total number of 118,874 stakeholders with research participants (85,270/72%) and members of the general public (40,967/35%) being the largest groups represented. The articles spanned at least 22 different countries with most (144/65%) being from the USA. Most (76%) discussed clinical research projects, rather than biobanks. More than half (58%) gauged views that were hypothetical. We found overwhelming evidence of high interest in return of IRR from potential and actual genomic research participants. There is also a general willingness to provide such results by researchers and health professionals, although they tend to adopt a more cautious stance. While all results are desired to some degree, those that have the potential to change clinical management are generally prioritized by all stakeholders. Professional stakeholders appear more willing to return results that are reliable and clinically relevant than those that are less reliable and lack clinical relevance. The lack of evidence for significant enduring psychological harm and the clear benefits to some research participants suggest that researchers should be returning actionable IRRs to participants.
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Ralefala D, Kasule M, Matshabane OP, Wonkam A, Matshaba M, de Vries J. Participants' Preferences and Reasons for Wanting Feedback of Individual Genetic Research Results From an HIV-TB Genomic Study: A Case Study From Botswana. J Empir Res Hum Res Ethics 2021; 16:525-536. [PMID: 34662218 PMCID: PMC8642165 DOI: 10.1177/15562646211043985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The feedback of individual results of genomics research is an ethical issue. However, which genetic results African participants would like to receive and why, remains unclear. A qualitative study was conducted to collect data from 44 adolescents and 49 parents/caregivers of adolescents enrolled in a genomic study in Botswana. Almost all the participants wanted to receive genetic results. Parents and caregivers wanted to receive results across all categories of genetic conditions discussed in the study, while adolescents were reluctant to receive results for severe, non-preventable, and unactionable conditions. Participants expressed different reasons for wanting feedback of results, including for awareness, improving lifestyle, accepting one' situation, and preparing for the future. Our findings also reveal that participants' context, relations, and empowerment are important to consider in interpreting their preferences for feedback of results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimpho Ralefala
- 37716University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,54547University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Mary Kasule
- Botswana-Baylor Children's Clinical Centre of Excellence, Gaborone, Botswana
| | | | | | - Mogomotsi Matshaba
- Botswana-Baylor Children's Clinical Centre of Excellence, Gaborone, Botswana.,3989Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Sayeed S, Califf R, Green R, Wong C, Mahaffey K, Gambhir SS, Mega J, Patrick-Lake B, Frazier K, Pignone M, Hernandez A, Shah SH, Fan AC, Krüg S, Shaack T, Shore S, Spielman S, Eckstrand J, Wong CA. Return of individual research results: What do participants prefer and expect? PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254153. [PMID: 34324495 PMCID: PMC8320928 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Newer data platforms offer increased opportunity to share multidimensional health data with research participants, but the preferences of participants for which data to receive and how is evolving. Our objective is to describe the preferences and expectations of participants for the return of individual research results within Project Baseline Health Study (PBHS). The PBHS is an ongoing, multicenter, longitudinal cohort study with data from four initial enrollment sites. PBHS participants are recruited from the general population along with groups enriched for heart disease and cancer disease risk. Cross-sectional data on return of results were collected in 2017-2018 from an (1) in-person enrollment survey (n = 1,890), (2) benchmark online survey (n = 1,059), and (3) participant interviews (n = 21). The main outcomes included (1) preferences for type of information to be added next to returned results, (2) participant plans for sharing returned results with a non-study clinician, and (3) choice to opt-out of receiving genetic results. Results were compared by sociodemographic characteristics. Enrollment and benchmark survey respondents were 57.1% and 53.5% female, and 60.0% and 66.2% white, respectively. Participants preferred the following data types be added to returned results in the future: genetics (29.9%), heart imaging, (16.4%), study watch (15.8%), and microbiome (13.3%). Older adults (OR 0.60, 95% CI: 0.41-0.87) were less likely to want their genetic results returned next. Forty percent of participants reported that they would not share all returned results with their non-study clinicians. Black (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.43-0.95) and Asian (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.30-0.73) participants were less likely, and older participants more likely (OR 1.45-1.61), to plan to share all results with their clinician than their counterparts. At enrollment, 5.8% of participants opted out of receiving their genetics results. The study showed that substantial heterogeneity existed in participant's preferences and expectations for return of results, and variations were related to sociodemographic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Sayeed
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Robert Califf
- Verily Life Sciences, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Robert Green
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Broad Institute, Ariadne Labs, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Celeste Wong
- Verily Life Sciences, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Kenneth Mahaffey
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Sanjiv Sam Gambhir
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Jessica Mega
- Verily Life Sciences, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Bray Patrick-Lake
- Evidation Health, Inc., San Mateo, California, United States of America
| | - Kaylyn Frazier
- Verily Life Sciences, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Michael Pignone
- Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Adrian Hernandez
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Svati H. Shah
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Alice C. Fan
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Sarah Krüg
- Cancer101, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Terry Shaack
- California Health & Longevity Institute, Westlake Village, California, United States of America
| | - Scarlet Shore
- Verily Life Sciences, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Susie Spielman
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Julie Eckstrand
- Duke Clinical & Translational Science Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Charlene A. Wong
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke-Margolis Center for Health Policy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
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Vears DF, Minion JT, Roberts SJ, Cummings J, Machirori M, Murtagh MJ. Views on genomic research result delivery methods and informed consent: a review. Per Med 2021; 18:295-310. [PMID: 33822658 DOI: 10.2217/pme-2020-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
There has been little discussion of the way genomic research results should be returned and how to obtain informed consent for this. We systematically searched the empirical literature, identifying 63 articles exploring stakeholder perspectives on processes for obtaining informed consent about return of results and/or result delivery. Participants, patients and members of the public generally felt they should choose which results are returned to them and how, ranging from direct (face-to-face, telephone) to indirect (letters, emails, web-based delivery) communication. Professionals identified inadequacies in result delivery processes in the research context. Our findings have important implications for ensuring participants are supported in deciding which results they wish to receive or, if no choice is offered, preparing them for potential research outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danya F Vears
- Melbourne Law School, University of Melbourne, Carlton 3052, Australia.,Biomedical Ethics Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville 3052, Australia.,Center for Biomedical Ethics & Law, Department of Public Health & Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.,Leuven Institute for Human Genetics & Society, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Joel T Minion
- Policy, Ethics & Life Sciences (PEALS) Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Stephanie J Roberts
- Policy, Ethics & Life Sciences (PEALS) Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 7RU, UK
| | - James Cummings
- School of Art, Media & American Studies, University of East Anglia, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Mavis Machirori
- School of Social & Political Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Madeleine J Murtagh
- Policy, Ethics & Life Sciences (PEALS) Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 7RU, UK.,School of Social & Political Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
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Bilodeau M, Dussel V, Wolfe J. Experience of parents receiving results from a quality-of-life study in pediatric advanced cancer: A report from the PediQUEST study. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2019; 66:e27880. [PMID: 31207083 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the experience of parents receiving results of quality-of-life research in pediatric advanced cancer. The PediQUEST study participants who indicated interest in results during enrollment were mailed summarized findings and the Disseminating Quality-of-Life Research Questionnaire. Respondents (86%,12/14) reported feeling more than "a little" recognized, grateful, or satisfied to receive results. Concurrently, 43% (6/14) endorsed feeling more than "a little" sad, confused, or anxious. Nonetheless, 81% (13/16) prefer to be informed in the future. Although parents experience a spectrum of strong emotions, our findings suggest quality-of-life study results should be shared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Bilodeau
- Pediatric Palliative Care Service, Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Veronica Dussel
- Pediatric Palliative Care Service, Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Center for Research and Implementation in Palliative Care, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Joanne Wolfe
- Pediatric Palliative Care Service, Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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11
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Kraft SA, Cho MK, Gillespie K, Halley M, Varsava N, Ormond KE, Luft HS, Wilfond BS, Soo-Jin Lee S. Beyond Consent: Building Trusting Relationships With Diverse Populations in Precision Medicine Research. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOETHICS : AJOB 2018; 18:3-20. [PMID: 29621457 PMCID: PMC6173191 DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2018.1431322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
With the growth of precision medicine research on health data and biospecimens, research institutions will need to build and maintain long-term, trusting relationships with patient-participants. While trust is important for all research relationships, the longitudinal nature of precision medicine research raises particular challenges for facilitating trust when the specifics of future studies are unknown. Based on focus groups with racially and ethnically diverse patients, we describe several factors that influence patient trust and potential institutional approaches to building trustworthiness. Drawing on these findings, we suggest several considerations for research institutions seeking to cultivate long-term, trusting relationships with patients: (1) Address the role of history and experience on trust, (2) engage concerns about potential group harm, (3) address cultural values and communication barriers, and (4) integrate patient values and expectations into oversight and governance structures.
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Thorogood A, Bobe J, Prainsack B, Middleton A, Scott E, Nelson S, Corpas M, Bonhomme N, Rodriguez LL, Murtagh M, Kleiderman E. APPLaUD: access for patients and participants to individual level uninterpreted genomic data. Hum Genomics 2018; 12:7. [PMID: 29454384 PMCID: PMC5816450 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-018-0139-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing support for the stance that patients and research participants should have better and easier access to their raw (uninterpreted) genomic sequence data in both clinical and research contexts. MAIN BODY We review legal frameworks and literature on the benefits, risks, and practical barriers of providing individuals access to their data. We also survey genomic sequencing initiatives that provide or plan to provide individual access. Many patients and research participants expect to be able to access their health and genomic data. Individuals have a legal right to access their genomic data in some countries and contexts. Moreover, increasing numbers of participatory research projects, direct-to-consumer genetic testing companies, and now major national sequencing initiatives grant individuals access to their genomic sequence data upon request. CONCLUSION Drawing on current practice and regulatory analysis, we outline legal, ethical, and practical guidance for genomic sequencing initiatives seeking to offer interested patients and participants access to their raw genomic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Thorogood
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, Department of Human Genetics, McGill University Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G1 Canada
| | - Jason Bobe
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Barbara Prainsack
- Department of Political Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Global Health & Social Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Anna Middleton
- Society and Ethics Research, Connecting Science, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- Faculty of Education, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Erick Scott
- Icahn Institute for Genomics & Multiscale Biology, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | - Laura Lyman Rodriguez
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | | | - Erika Kleiderman
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, Department of Human Genetics, McGill University Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G1 Canada
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13
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Christensen KD, Savage SK, Huntington NL, Weitzman ER, Ziniel SI, Bacon PL, Cacioppo CN, Green RC, Holm IA. Preferences for the Return of Individual Results From Research on Pediatric Biobank Samples. J Empir Res Hum Res Ethics 2017; 12:97-106. [PMID: 28421887 PMCID: PMC5407299 DOI: 10.1177/1556264617697839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Discussions about disclosing individual genetic research results include calls to consider participants' preferences. In this study, parents of Boston Children's Hospital patients set preferences for disclosure based on disease preventability and severity, and could exclude mental health, developmental, childhood degenerative, and adult-onset disorders. Participants reviewed hypothetical reports and reset preferences, if desired. Among 661 participants who initially wanted all results (64%), 1% reset preferences. Among 336 participants who initially excluded at least one category (36%), 38% reset preferences. Participants who reset preferences added 0.9 categories, on average; and their mean satisfaction on 0 to 10 scales increased from 4.7 to 7.2 ( p < .001). Only 2% reduced the number of categories they wanted disclosed. Findings demonstrate the benefits of providing examples of preference options and the tendency of participants to want results disclosed. Findings also suggest that preference-setting models that do not provide specific examples of results could underestimate participants' desires for information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt D. Christensen
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston (USA)
- Harvard Medical School, Boston (USA)
| | | | | | - Elissa R. Weitzman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston (USA)
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston (USA)
| | - Sonja I. Ziniel
- Harvard Medical School, Boston (USA)
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston (USA)
| | - Phoebe L. Bacon
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (USA)
| | | | - Robert C. Green
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston (USA)
- Harvard Medical School, Boston (USA)
- Partners Personalized Medicine, Boston (USA)
| | - Ingrid A. Holm
- Harvard Medical School, Boston (USA)
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston (USA)
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14
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Abstract
Biobank research has the potential to return results that could have beneficial and even life-saving consequences for participants. This possibility raises some important questions, not only about the ethical duty to return results within a research setting, but also about participants' right to refuse results and researchers' responsibility to respect that choice. This article argues in favor of adopting a return-of-results policy that limits participants' ability to refuse clinically relevant and actionable results. We state that biobanks should allow donors only if they are aware of and agree to this return policy. If they do not agree to this, they retain the option not to participate in the biobank research. The aim of this article is to discuss the practical and ethical reasons in favor of this return-of-result policy and, thus, to underline the importance of "honesty" in biobanking regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernice S. Elger
- Institute for Biomedical Ethics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- University Center of Legal Medicine of Geneva and Lausanne, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eva De Clercq
- Institute for Biomedical Ethics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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15
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Berg JS, Agrawal PB, Bailey DB, Beggs AH, Brenner SE, Brower AM, Cakici JA, Ceyhan-Birsoy O, Chan K, Chen F, Currier RJ, Dukhovny D, Green RC, Harris-Wai J, Holm IA, Iglesias B, Joseph G, Kingsmore SF, Koenig BA, Kwok PY, Lantos J, Leeder SJ, Lewis MA, McGuire AL, Milko LV, Mooney SD, Parad RB, Pereira S, Petrikin J, Powell BC, Powell CM, Puck JM, Rehm HL, Risch N, Roche M, Shieh JT, Veeraraghavan N, Watson MS, Willig L, Yu TW, Urv T, Wise AL. Newborn Sequencing in Genomic Medicine and Public Health. Pediatrics 2017; 139:e20162252. [PMID: 28096516 PMCID: PMC5260149 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2016-2252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid development of genomic sequencing technologies has decreased the cost of genetic analysis to the extent that it seems plausible that genome-scale sequencing could have widespread availability in pediatric care. Genomic sequencing provides a powerful diagnostic modality for patients who manifest symptoms of monogenic disease and an opportunity to detect health conditions before their development. However, many technical, clinical, ethical, and societal challenges should be addressed before such technology is widely deployed in pediatric practice. This article provides an overview of the Newborn Sequencing in Genomic Medicine and Public Health Consortium, which is investigating the application of genome-scale sequencing in newborns for both diagnosis and screening.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pankaj B Agrawal
- Divisions of Newborn Medicine and
- Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Alan H Beggs
- Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Amy M Brower
- American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Julie A Cakici
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, California
| | | | - Kee Chan
- Chicago School of Public Health, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Robert J Currier
- Genetic Disease Screening Program, California Department of Public Health, Sacramento, California
| | - Dmitry Dukhovny
- Department of Pediatrics and Division of Neonatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | | | | | - Ingrid A Holm
- Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Galen Joseph
- Department of Anthropology, History, and Social Medicine
| | | | | | - Pui-Yan Kwok
- Institute for Human Genetics
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, and Department of Dermatology
| | - John Lantos
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Steven J Leeder
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Megan A Lewis
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Amy L McGuire
- Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; and
| | | | | | - Richard B Parad
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stacey Pereira
- Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; and
| | - Joshua Petrikin
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | | | - Cynthia M Powell
- Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jennifer M Puck
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | | | | | - Myra Roche
- Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Joseph T Shieh
- Institute for Human Genetics
- Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children's Hospital, and
| | | | - Michael S Watson
- American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Laurel Willig
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Timothy W Yu
- Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tiina Urv
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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16
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Holm IA. Pediatric Issues in Return of Results and Incidental Findings: Weighing Autonomy and Best Interests. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2017; 21:155-158. [PMID: 28140662 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2016.0414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowhere are the ethical issues in genomic research more complex than in pediatrics. Balancing the sometime conflicting autonomy of the parent and the child, and the best interest of the family and the child, brings up many challenging issues. Addressing this balance, especially in the context of the child's developing maturity and comprehension, requires deep analysis and discussion. Issues discussed include the impact of genetic information on the family, parental versus the child's autonomy, the best interests of the child versus the family, potential limitations on the parents' right to know or not know information about their child, and changing role of the developing child in return of research results. Finally, a dynamic model will be proposed that takes into consideration the child's evolving role in consenting and return of results that can be adapted in different national contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid A Holm
- 1 Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts.,2 The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research , Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,3 Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
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17
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Conway-Pearson LS, Christensen KD, Savage SK, Huntington NL, Weitzman ER, Ziniel SI, Bacon P, Cacioppo CN, Green RC, Holm IA. Family health history reporting is sensitive to small changes in wording. Genet Med 2016; 18:1308-1311. [PMID: 27148937 PMCID: PMC5097687 DOI: 10.1038/gim.2016.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Family health history is often collected through single-item queries that ask patients whether their family members are affected by certain conditions. The specific wording of these queries may influence what individuals report. METHODS Parents of Boston Children's Hospital patients were invited to participate in a Web-based survey about the return of individual genomic research results regarding their children. Participants reported whether 11 types of medical conditions affected them or their family. Randomization determined whether participants were specifically instructed to consider their extended family. RESULTS Family health history was reported by 2,901 participants. Those asked to consider their extended family were more likely to report a positive family history for 8 of 11 medical conditions. The largest differences were observed for cancer (65.1 vs. 45.7%; P < 0.001), cardiovascular conditions (72.5 vs. 56.0%; P < 0.001), and endocrine/hormonal conditions (50.9 vs. 36.7%; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Small alterations to the way family health history queries are worded can substantially change patient responses. Clinicians and researchers need to be sensitive about patients' tendencies to omit extended family from health history reporting unless specifically asked to consider them.Genet Med 18 12, 1308-1311.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Elissa R. Weitzman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Sonja I. Ziniel
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Phoebe Bacon
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Robert C. Green
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Partners Personalized Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Ingrid A. Holm
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
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18
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Biobank participant support of newborn screening for disorders with variable treatment and intervention options. J Community Genet 2016; 7:291-302. [PMID: 27586542 DOI: 10.1007/s12687-016-0279-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to better understand biobank participant opinions of the benefits of newborn screening (NBS) for certain disorder types and how terminology used in NBS discourse might impact stakeholder opinion. We conducted a between-subjects randomized survey of 5840 members of the Northwestern University Biobank. The survey contained 12 scenarios, each describing a disorder and its treatment. For each scenario, we varied the terminology used to describe treatment options. One survey version used the term intervention and the other treatment. The outcome measured for each scenario was perceived benefit (for the infant) and importance of testing (for participants). Comparisons were made between participants and between scenarios. Ratings of benefit and importance were not influenced by the use of the term intervention versus treatment within scenarios. Nuances existed in ratings of benefit to the infant and importance to participants amongst scenarios. Participants were most likely to perceive benefit and importance in screening for a disorder if treatment/intervention offered a high chance of improved outcomes. While participants perceived benefit to the infant and importance to themselves in screening for most disorders, nuances in inter-scenario ratings suggest participants weighed availability and type of treatment/intervention in consideration of the benefits of NBS.
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19
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Christensen KD, Dukhovny D, Siebert U, Green RC. Assessing the Costs and Cost-Effectiveness of Genomic Sequencing. J Pers Med 2015; 5:470-86. [PMID: 26690481 PMCID: PMC4695866 DOI: 10.3390/jpm5040470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite dramatic drops in DNA sequencing costs, concerns are great that the integration of genomic sequencing into clinical settings will drastically increase health care expenditures. This commentary presents an overview of what is known about the costs and cost-effectiveness of genomic sequencing. We discuss the cost of germline genomic sequencing, addressing factors that have facilitated the decrease in sequencing costs to date and anticipating the factors that will drive sequencing costs in the future. We then address the cost-effectiveness of diagnostic and pharmacogenomic applications of genomic sequencing, with an emphasis on the implications for secondary findings disclosure and the integration of genomic sequencing into general patient care. Throughout, we ground the discussion by describing efforts in the MedSeq Project, an ongoing randomized controlled clinical trial, to understand the costs and cost-effectiveness of integrating whole genome sequencing into cardiology and primary care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt D Christensen
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Dmitry Dukhovny
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | - Uwe Siebert
- Department of Public Health, Medical Decision Making and Health Technology Assessment, University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall in Tirol 6060, Austria.
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Robert C Green
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Partners Personalized Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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