1
|
Musio A, Perazza F, Leoni L, Stefanini B, Dajti E, Menozzi R, Petroni ML, Colecchia A, Ravaioli F. Osteosarcopenia in NAFLD/MAFLD: An Underappreciated Clinical Problem in Chronic Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087517. [PMID: 37108675 PMCID: PMC10139188 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver disease (CLD), including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its advanced form, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), affects a significant portion of the population worldwide. NAFLD is characterised by fat accumulation in the liver, while NASH is associated with inflammation and liver damage. Osteosarcopenia, which combines muscle and bone mass loss, is an emerging clinical problem in chronic liver disease that is often underappreciated. The reductions in muscle and bone mass share several common pathophysiological pathways; insulin resistance and chronic systemic inflammation are the most crucial predisposing factors and are related to the presence and gravity of NAFLD and to the worsening of the outcome of liver disease. This article explores the relationship between osteosarcopenia and NAFLD/MAFLD, focusing on the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of this condition in patients with CLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Musio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS-Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Perazza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS-Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Leoni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS-Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Division of Metabolic Diseases and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Specialistic Medicines, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Largo del Pozzo 71, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Bernardo Stefanini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS-Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elton Dajti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS-Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Renata Menozzi
- Division of Metabolic Diseases and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Specialistic Medicines, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Largo del Pozzo 71, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Petroni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS-Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Colecchia
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Federico Ravaioli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS-Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Paillard T, El Hage R, Rassy NA, Zouhal H, Kaabi S, Passelergue P. Effects of Different Levels of Weightlifting Training on Bone Mineral Density in a Group of Adolescents. J Clin Densitom 2022; 25:497-505. [PMID: 35973884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effects of different levels of weightlifting training on bone mineral density (BMD) at different body sites (whole body (WB), lumbar spine (LS), femoral neck (FN), upper limbs (UL) and lower limbs (LL)) in a group of adolescents. Three groups of pubertal boys aged 13-15 years were recruited, including a control group (which included 13 untrained adolescents), a moderately trained group (which included 13 non-elite weightlifters, with four sessions of 2 hours per week) and a highly trained group (which included 13 elite weightlifters, with eight sessions of 2 hours per week). The three groups were paired for age and maturation index (using Tanner stages). Body composition, bone mineral content (BMC) and BMD were evaluated by dual-energy X ray absorptiometry (DXA). Physical performance variables (including weightlifting specific exercises, counter movement jump and squat jump) were measured using validated methods. Results showed that the values of BMD and physical performance variables were greater in the group of elite weightlifters compared to the group of non-elite weightlifters and the control group. In addition, the values of BMD and physical performance variables were higher in the group of the non-elite weightlifters compared to those of the control group. After adjusting for lean mass and squat jump, lumbar spine BMD, FN BMD, UL BMD and LL BMD remained significantly higher in the elite weightlifters' group compared to the two other groups. In conclusion, the current study suggests that elite adolescent weightlifters have greater bone health parameters compared to moderately-trained adolescent weightlifters and untrained adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Paillard
- Laboratoire Mouvement, Equilibre, Performance et Santé, EA 4445, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour/E2S, Département STAPS, ZA Bastillac Sud, 65000 Tarbes, France
| | - Rawad El Hage
- Department of Physical Education, Division of Education, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Balamand, Kelhat El-Koura, Lebanon.
| | - Nathalie Al Rassy
- Department of Physical Education, Division of Education, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Balamand, Kelhat El-Koura, Lebanon
| | - Hassane Zouhal
- M2S (Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport, Santé), University of Rennes 2, Rennes F-35000, France; Institut International des Sciences du Sport (2I2S), 35850, Irodouer, France
| | - Sofiane Kaabi
- Laboratoire Mouvement, Equilibre, Performance et Santé, EA 4445, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour/E2S, Département STAPS, ZA Bastillac Sud, 65000 Tarbes, France
| | - Philippe Passelergue
- Laboratoire Mouvement, Equilibre, Performance et Santé, EA 4445, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour/E2S, Département STAPS, ZA Bastillac Sud, 65000 Tarbes, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Physical activity estimated by osteogenic potential and energy expenditure has differing associations with bone mass in young adults: the raine study. Arch Osteoporos 2022; 17:67. [PMID: 35434777 PMCID: PMC9013684 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-022-01100-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Ground impacts during physical activity may be important for peak bone mass. We found differences in how energy expenditure and impact scores estimated from a physical activity questionnaire related to bone health in young adults. Using both estimate types can improve our understanding of the skeletal benefits of physical activity. PURPOSE It is unclear whether mechanical loading during physical activity, estimated from physical activity questionnaires which assess metabolic equivalents of task (METs), is associated with skeletal health. This longitudinal study investigated how physical activity loading scores, assessed at ages 17 and 20 years, (a) compares with physical activity measured in METs, and (b) is associated with bone mass at age 20 years. METHODS A total of 826 participants from the Raine Study Gen2 were assessed for physical activity energy expenditure via the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) at age 17 and 20 years. Loading scores (the product of peak force and application rate) per week were subsequently estimated from the IPAQ. Whole-body and appendicular bone mineral density (BMD) at age 20 years were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS Bland-Altman minimal detectable difference for physical activity Z- scores at age 17 and 20 years were 1.59 standard deviations (SDs) and 1.33 SDs, respectively, greater than the a priori minimal clinically important change of 0.5 SDs. Loading score, but not IPAQ score, had significant positive associations with whole-body and leg BMD after adjustment for covariates (β = 0.008 and 0.012 g/cm2, respectively, for age 17 and 20 years loading scores). IPAQ score at age 20 years, but not loading score, had a significant positive association with arm BMD (β = 0.007 g/cm2). CONCLUSION This study revealed disagreement in associations of self-reported METs and loading score estimates with bone health in young adults. Coupling traditional energy expenditure questionnaire outcomes with bone-loading estimates may improve understanding of the location-specific skeletal benefits of physical activity in young adults.
Collapse
|
4
|
Li H, Gou Y, Tian F, Lian Q, Hu Y, Zhang L. The combined anti-osteoporotic effects of simvastatin and exercise in ovariectomized mice fed a high-fat diet. Exp Gerontol 2022; 164:111794. [PMID: 35421557 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate and compare the effects of the combined intervention of simvastatin and exercise on the bone degeneration in a mice model of osteoporosis (OP) induced by obesity and estrogen deficiency. METHODS 56 female 3-month-old C57BL/6 mice were given a standard diet or a high-fat diet after ovariectomy (OVX) or sham surgery. Drug administration and exercise training were initiated 72 h after surgical operation, which were treated with simvastatin (10 mg/kg/day) or exercise (15 m/min for 30 min/day) or combined with simvastatin and exercise at 72 h for 8 weeks. The pathology of OP was assessed by histomorphology analyses, immunohistochemistry (IHC), micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and cell culture. RESULTS The coexistence of obesity and estrogen deficiency significantly further exacerbated OP pathology, and combined intervention showed a better significant anti-osteoporosis effect than monotherapy. In details, simvastatin combined with exercise ameliorated the abnormal bone mass, microstructure and bone marrow adipocyte differentiation, significantly increased osteoprotegerin (OPG), type 1 collagen (Col-I), RUNX2 and osteocalcin (OCN) expression, decreased the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Furthermore, combined intervention markedly improved abnormal metabolic status, reduced the levels of serum glucose, insulin, triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), leptin, CTX-1 and IL-1β, and increased the level of OCN. CONCLUSIONS The coexistence of obesity and estrogen deficiency further aggravates bone tissue degeneration and abnormal metabolic pathology, which could be better inhibited by the combination with simvastatin and exercise instead of single intervention, suggesting that combined intervention may be a potential candidate for amelioration of the progression of OP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hetong Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Yu Gou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Faming Tian
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, PR China
| | - Qiangqiang Lian
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, PR China
| | - Yunpeng Hu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Liu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Giacomelli G, Meriggiola MC. Bone health in transgender people: a narrative review. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2022; 13:20420188221099346. [PMID: 35651988 PMCID: PMC9150228 DOI: 10.1177/20420188221099346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone health in transmen and transwomen is an important issue that needs to be evaluated by clinicians. Prior to gender-affirming hormone treatment (GAHT), transwomen have lower bone mineral density (BMD) and a higher prevalence of osteopenia than cismen probably related to external factors, such as hypovitaminosis D and less physical activities. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues in transgender youth may cause bone loss; however, the addition of GAHT restores or at least improves BMD in both transboys and transgirls. The maintenance or increase in BMD shown in short-term longitudinal studies emphasizes that GAHT does not have a negative effect on BMD in adult transwomen and transmen. Gonadectomy is not a risk factor if GAHT is taken correctly. The prevalence of fractures in the transgender population seems to be the same as in the general population but more studies are required on this aspect. To evaluate the risk of osteoporosis, it is mandatory to define the most appropriate reference group not only taking into consideration the medical aspects but also in respect of the selected gender identity of each person.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Giacomelli
- Division of Gynecology and Physiopathology of Human Reproduction, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna. S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang X, Ye J, Cheng B, Cheng S, Liu L, Meng P, Liang C, Yao Y, Wen Y, Zhang Z, Li C, Zhang H, Chen Y, Zhang J, Pan C, Jia Y, Zhang F. Evaluating the associations of adult heel BMD with birth weight and growth parameters at age 10 in UK Biobank cohort. Bone 2021; 152:116038. [PMID: 34118445 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was aimed to evaluate the associations of adult heel bone mineral density (BMD) with birth weight and growth parameters at the age of ten years. METHODS The analysis data (97178-178,494 subjects) was derived from the UK Biobank cohort. Birth weight, comparative body size and height size at the age of ten years were determined by self-report. The heel BMD was estimated by the Quantitative Ultrasound Index through the calcaneus. Linear regression analysis was applied to test the associations of adult heel BMD with birth weight and growth parameters at the age of ten years, respectively. Age, sex, body mass index and 10 principle components (PC) of population structure were used as covariates in the regression analysis of total samples. In sex-specific analysis, age, body mass index and 10 PC were used as covariates. RESULTS We observed significant associations of heel BMD with birth weight (b = -0.020, P = 1.974 × 10-13), comparative body size (b = 0.020, P = 2.539 × 10-6) and comparative height size (b = -0.020, P = 5.892 × 10-11) at the age of ten years in total samples. In females, birth weight (b = -0.040, P = 2.870 × 10-24) and comparative height size (b = -0.040, P = 2.034 × 10-20) were statistically associated with adult heel BMD. In males, comparative body size appeared to be associated with adult heel BMD (b = 0.030, P = 1.590 × 10-7). CONCLUSION Our study results support the predictive effects of birth weight and growth parameters at the age of ten years on adult heel BMD. We also observed sex-specific association between adult heel BMD and growth parameters at the age of ten years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuena Yang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bolun Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shiqiang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peilin Meng
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chujun Liang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Wen
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chun'e Li
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huijie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yujing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingxi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chuyu Pan
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yumeng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Perrotta FM, Lories R, Lubrano E. To move or not to move: the paradoxical effect of physical exercise in axial spondyloarthritis. RMD Open 2021; 7:rmdopen-2020-001480. [PMID: 33547227 PMCID: PMC7871344 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2020-001480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last years, new researches focused on the role of biomechanical stress and microdamage in the pathogenesis of inflammatory arthritis and, in particular, in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). Animal models showed how entheseal stress and physical exercise could contribute to the development of inflammation and new bone formation at entheseal and articular sites, by activating innate immune system and the release of cytokines. Furthermore, clues of the involvement of biomechanical stress in the development of axSpA are present in clinical experiences. However, rehabilitation and exercise programmes are the cornerstone of treatment for axSpA, reducing disease activity and improving spinal function and quality of life. The concept of mechanical stress as a contributor to disease development and progression represents, potentially, a conceptual challenge for this approach. The aim of this review is to discuss the current evidence on the intriguing contribution of the biomechanical stress to the pathogenesis of inflammation and new bone formation and to evaluate and reflect on the role of exercise in the treatment and in the management of the disease, considering both the beneficial effects and its possible paradoxical action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Massimo Perrotta
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze della Salute "Vincenzo Tiberio", Universita degli Studi del Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Rik Lories
- Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Centre, Catholic University College Leuven Department of Development and Regeneration, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ennio Lubrano
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze della Salute "Vincenzo Tiberio", Universita degli Studi del Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Julin M, Saukkonen J, Oura P, Junno JA, Niemelä M, Määttä J, Niinimäki J, Jämsä T, Korpelainen R, Karppinen J. Association Between Vertebral Dimensions and Lumbar Modic Changes. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2021; 46:E415-E425. [PMID: 33692323 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000003797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Population-based birth cohort study. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between vertebral dimensions and lumbar MC. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Low back pain (LBP) has become the leading cause of disability worldwide. Modic changes (MC) of the lumbar spine are one potential LBP-associated etiological factor. Mechanical stress is considered to play a key role in the development of MC through damage to endplates. There is speculation that vertebral dimensions play a role in some degenerative changes in the spine. Previous studies have also shown a positive association between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and both vertebral dimensions and MC. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between vertebral dimensions and MC. METHODS The study population consisted of 1221 participants from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 who underwent lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and physical activity measurements at the age of 46-48. The presence of Type 1 (MC1) and Type 2 (MC2) MC and the height, axial cross-sectional area (CSA), and volume of the L4 vertebra were determined from MRI scans. MVPA (≥3.5 metabolic equivalents) was measured by a wrist-worn accelerometer. We analyzed the association between lumbar MC and vertebral height, CSA, and volume using logistic regression models before and after adjustment for sex, height, weight, smoking, education level, and MVPA. RESULTS Vertebral height was positively associated with the presence of MC2 (odds ratio [OR] 3.51; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.43-8.65), whereas vertebral CSA was not associated with the presence of lumbar MC. Vertebral volume was positively associated with the presence of any MC (OR 1.04; 95% CI 1.00-1.07), but the association did not persist when analyzing MC1 and MC2 separately. CONCLUSION Vertebral height was associated with the presence of MC2. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of vertebral dimensions as independent risk factors for MC.Level of Evidence: 3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Modarress Julin
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jesperi Saukkonen
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Petteri Oura
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juho-Antti Junno
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Maisa Niemelä
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juhani Määttä
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jaakko Niinimäki
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Timo Jämsä
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Raija Korpelainen
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Oulu Deaconess Institute Foundation sr, Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jaro Karppinen
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Oulu, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yang YJ, Kim DJ. An Overview of the Molecular Mechanisms Contributing to Musculoskeletal Disorders in Chronic Liver Disease: Osteoporosis, Sarcopenia, and Osteoporotic Sarcopenia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052604. [PMID: 33807573 PMCID: PMC7961345 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of osteoporosis and sarcopenia is significantly higher in patients with liver disease than in those without liver disease and osteoporosis and sarcopenia negatively influence morbidity and mortality in liver disease, yet these musculoskeletal disorders are frequently overlooked in clinical practice for patients with chronic liver disease. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms of musculoskeletal disorders accompanying the pathogenesis of liver disease. The increased bone resorption through the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa (RANK)-RANK ligand (RANKL)-osteoprotegerin (OPG) system and upregulation of inflammatory cytokines and decreased bone formation through increased bilirubin and sclerostin and lower insulin-like growth factor-1 are important mechanisms for osteoporosis in patients with liver disease. Sarcopenia is associated with insulin resistance and obesity in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, whereas hyperammonemia, low amount of branched chain amino acids, and hypogonadism contributes to sarcopenia in liver cirrhosis. The bidirectional crosstalk between muscle and bone through myostatin, irisin, β-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA), osteocalcin, as well as the activation of the RANK and the Wnt/β-catenin pathways are associated with osteosarcopenia. The increased understandings for these musculoskeletal disorders would be contributes to the development of effective therapies targeting the pathophysiological mechanism involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Joo Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Gangwon-do, Chuncheon 24252, Korea;
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Gangwon-do, Chuncheon 24253, Korea
| | - Dong Joon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Gangwon-do, Chuncheon 24252, Korea;
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Gangwon-do, Chuncheon 24253, Korea
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Erickson KR, Grosicki GJ, Mercado M, Riemann BL. Bone Mineral Density and Muscle Mass in Masters Olympic Weightlifters and Runners. J Aging Phys Act 2020; 28:749-755. [PMID: 32422599 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2019-0426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The authors examined the musculoskeletal implications of delayed exercise adoption in two distinct cohorts of masters athletes with ∼10 years of training experience: Olympic weightlifters (OWLs) and distance runners (RUNs). Total body and regional bone mineral density (BMD), and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-derived lean mass were compared in 51 OWLs and 43 RUNs. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted on BMD and lean mass with the exercise group (i.e., OWLs vs. RUNs), age, sex, and years of experience as independent variables. Age was associated (p < .05) with less femoral (β = -0.25) and lumbar (β = -0.27) BMD. Total body (β = 0.23), lumbar (β = 0.25), and radial (β = 0.36) BMD were greater (p < .05) in OWLs versus RUNs. Lean mass was greater in OWLs versus RUNs (β = 0.29, p < .01), but did not relate to total body BMD (r = .15; p = .08). Greater total and regional BMD and lean mass in OWLs compared with RUNs may reduce risk for developing osteoporosis and/or sarcopenia and associated downstream health outcomes.
Collapse
|
11
|
Sagayama H, Kondo E, Tanabe Y, Ohnishi T, Yamada Y, Takahashi H. Bone mineral density in male weight-classified athletes is higher than that in male endurance-athletes and non-athletes. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2020; 36:106-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
12
|
Min SK, Oh T, Kim SH, Cho J, Chung HY, Park DH, Kim CS. Position Statement: Exercise Guidelines to Increase Peak Bone Mass in Adolescents. J Bone Metab 2019; 26:225-239. [PMID: 31832388 PMCID: PMC6901695 DOI: 10.11005/jbm.2019.26.4.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An increase in bone mineral density during adolescence increases resistance to fractures in older age. The Korean Society for Bone and Mineral Research and the Korean Society of Exercise Physiology developed exercise guidelines to increase the peak bone mass (PBM) in adolescents based on evidence through a systematic review of previous research. Methods Articles were selected using the systematic method, and the exercise guidelines were established by selecting key questions (KQs) and defining the effects of exercises based on evidence through a literature review for selecting the final exercise method. There were 9 KQs. An online search was conducted on articles published since 2000, and 93 articles were identified. Results An increase in PBM in adolescence was effective for preventing osteoporosis and fractures in older age. Exercise programs as part of vigorous physical activity (VPA) including resistance and impact exercise at least 5 to 6 months were effective for improving PBM in adolescents. It is recommended that resistance exercise is performed 10 to 12 rep·set−1 1-2 set·region−1 and 3 days·week−1 using the large muscles. For impact exercises such as jumping, it is recommended that the exercise is performed at least 50 jumps·min−1, 10 min·day−1 and 2 days·week−1. Conclusions Exercise guidelines were successfully developed, and they recommend at least 5 to 6 months of VPA, which includes both resistance and impact exercises. With the development of exercise guidelines, the incidence of osteoporosis and fractures in the aging society can be reduced in the future, thus contributing to improved public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Ki Min
- Department of Sport Science, Korea Institute of Sport Science, Seoul, Korea
| | - Taewoong Oh
- Department of Sport Leisure, College of Sport Sciences, Yongin University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Kim
- Department of Sports Science, College of Natural Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Jinkyung Cho
- College of Sport Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ho Yeon Chung
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Park
- Department of Kinesiology, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Chang-Sun Kim
- Department of Physical Education, Dongduck Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Relationship between perception of emotional home atmosphere and fruit and vegetable consumption in European adolescents: results from the I.Family survey. Public Health Nutr 2019; 23:53-62. [PMID: 31405404 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980019002234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Consumption of fruits and vegetables (F&V) among adolescents falls below recommendations in many Western countries. The impact of social and emotional aspects of family life on adolescent dietary behaviour may contribute to this, yet remains under-investigated. The present study examines the association between adolescents' perceptions of emotional home atmosphere (EHA) and their F&V consumption frequency. DESIGN An FFQ was used to assess F&V consumption frequency. EHA was assessed by an eight-item measure with three subscales: perceived home warmth, strictness and relational tension. EHA subscales were used as binary variables: a score equal to or above the median value was considered as a higher perception, while a score below the median was considered as a lower perception of the EHA in question. Country differences in meeting the European 5-a-day recommendations were described. Further, the association between EHA and F&V consumption frequency was investigated using multiple linear regression. SETTING Regional examination centres in eight European countries. PARTICIPANTS Adolescents (n 3196) aged 12-18 years. RESULTS The mean F&V consumption frequency was 3·27 (sd 2·84) times/d. Only 16·1 % of boys and 18 % of girls in our study sample met the recommendation of five F&V daily. After controlling for age, sex, education level of the parents and country of origin, perceived home warmth was associated with a 16 (95 % CI 9, 22) % higher F&V consumption frequency (P < 0·001). CONCLUSIONS F&V consumption frequency was suboptimal in the survey areas. Interventions targeting perceived warmth as a component of EHA could potentially have a positive effect on adolescents' dietary behaviour.
Collapse
|
14
|
Hervás G, Ruiz-Litago F, Irazusta J, Irazusta A, Sanz B, Gil-Goikouria J, Fraile-Bermudez AB, Pérez-Rodrigo C, Zarrazquin I. Bone Health and Its Relationship with Impact Loading and the Continuity of Physical Activity throughout School Periods. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E2834. [PMID: 31398885 PMCID: PMC6719051 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16162834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bone is influenced by physical activity (PA) throughout life, but childhood and adolescence provide a key opportunity to maximize peak bone mass. Thus, it is important to identify the relationship between PA practiced in childhood and young adulthood to design a promotion plan for bone health. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between different impact-loading PAs (and their continuity throughout school periods from childhood to young adulthood) and bone stiffness index (SI). In this cross-sectional study, which was conducted on 145 university students aged 18-21 years, bone measurements were measured by quantitative ultrasonometry (QUS), and PA information was recalled using a self-administered questionnaire. Associations between the SI and the impact of PA performed during secondary school (p = 0.027), high school (p = 0.002), and university (p = 0.016) periods were observed. The continuity of PA over a longer period of time was related to a higher SI (p = 0.007). Those who practiced PA throughout all school periods had a higher SI than those who practiced during primary school only (p = 0.038) or through primary and secondary schools (p = 0.009). These results suggest that impact-loading PA practiced during different school periods is related to higher values of the SI. Therefore, continuous PA from an early age may be an important contributing factor to achieving and maintaining adequate bone health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gotzone Hervás
- Department of Physigology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain.
| | - Fatima Ruiz-Litago
- Department of Physigology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Jon Irazusta
- Department of Physigology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Amaia Irazusta
- Department of Nursing I, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Begoña Sanz
- Department of Physigology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Javier Gil-Goikouria
- Department of Physigology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Ana Belen Fraile-Bermudez
- Department of Nursing I, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Carmen Pérez-Rodrigo
- Department of Physigology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Idoia Zarrazquin
- Department of Nursing I, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Garofolini A, Taylor S. The effect of running on foot muscles and bones: A systematic review. Hum Mov Sci 2019; 64:75-88. [PMID: 30682645 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite the widespread evidence of running as a health-preserving exercise, little is known concerning its effect on the foot musculature and bones. While running may influence anatomical foot adaptation, it remains unclear to what extent these adaptations occur. The aim of this paper is to provide a systematic review of the studies that investigated the effects of running and the adaptations that occur in foot muscles and bones. The search was performed following the PRISMA guidelines. Relevant keywords were used for the search through PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus and SPORTDiscus. The methodological quality of intervention studies was assessed using the Downs and Black checklist. For cross-sectional studies, the Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used. Sixteen studies were found meeting the inclusion criteria. In general, the included studies were deemed to be of moderate methodological quality. Although results of relevant literature are limited and somewhat contradictory, the outcome suggests that running may increase foot muscle volume, muscle cross-sectional area and bone density, but this seems to depend on training volume and experience. Future studies conducted in this area should aim for a standard way of reporting foot muscle/bone characteristics. Also, herein, suggestions for future research are provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon Taylor
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Herbert AJ, Williams AG, Hennis PJ, Erskine RM, Sale C, Day SH, Stebbings GK. The interactions of physical activity, exercise and genetics and their associations with bone mineral density: implications for injury risk in elite athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol 2019; 119:29-47. [PMID: 30377780 PMCID: PMC6342881 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-018-4007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Low bone mineral density (BMD) is established as a primary predictor of osteoporotic risk and can also have substantial implications for athlete health and injury risk in the elite sporting environment. BMD is a highly multi-factorial phenotype influenced by diet, hormonal characteristics and physical activity. The interrelationships between such factors, and a strong genetic component, suggested to be around 50-85% at various anatomical sites, determine skeletal health throughout life. Genome-wide association studies and case-control designs have revealed many loci associated with variation in BMD. However, a number of the candidate genes identified at these loci have no known associated biological function or have yet to be replicated in subsequent investigations. Furthermore, few investigations have considered gene-environment interactions-in particular, whether specific genes may be sensitive to mechanical loading from physical activity and the outcome of such an interaction for BMD and potential injury risk. Therefore, this review considers the importance of physical activity on BMD, genetic associations with BMD and how subsequent investigation requires consideration of the interaction between these determinants. Future research using well-defined independent cohorts such as elite athletes, who experience much greater mechanical stress than most, to study such phenotypes, can provide a greater understanding of these factors as well as the biological underpinnings of such a physiologically "extreme" population. Subsequently, modification of training, exercise or rehabilitation programmes based on genetic characteristics could have substantial implications in both the sporting and public health domains once the fundamental research has been conducted successfully.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Herbert
- Department of Sport and Exercise, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alun G. Williams
- Sports Genomics Laboratory, Manchester Metropolitan University, Cheshire Campus, Crewe Green Road, Crewe, CW1 5DU UK
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, Tottenham Court Road, London, W17 7HA UK
| | - Philip J. Hennis
- Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Clifton, Nottingham, NG11 8NS UK
| | - Robert M. Erskine
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF UK
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, Tottenham Court Road, London, W17 7HA UK
| | - Craig Sale
- Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Clifton, Nottingham, NG11 8NS UK
| | - Stephen H. Day
- Department of Biomedical Science & Physiology, School of Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Georgina K. Stebbings
- Sports Genomics Laboratory, Manchester Metropolitan University, Cheshire Campus, Crewe Green Road, Crewe, CW1 5DU UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hayashi F, Kaibori M, Sakaguchi T, Matsui K, Ishizaki M, Kwon AH, Iwasaka J, Kimura Y, Habu D. Loss of skeletal muscle mass in patients with chronic liver disease is related to decrease in bone mineral density and exercise tolerance. Hepatol Res 2018; 48:345-354. [PMID: 29115721 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to identify the relationship between loss of skeletal muscle mass and clinical factors such as osteoporosis in patients with chronic liver disease. METHODS The subjects were 112 patients (85 men and 27 women) with hepatocellular carcinoma who were scheduled to undergo hepatectomy. Skeletal muscle reduction was diagnosed according to the cut-off level of the skeletal mass index (SMI) for Asians (men <7.0 kg/m2 , women <5.4 kg/m2 ). Osteoporosis was diagnosed according to T-score ≤-2.5 standard deviation. The SMI and T-score were assessed using the results of dual-energy X-ray absorption. Peak oxygen consumption (PeakVO2 ), an index of exercise tolerance, was evaluated using the cardiopulmonary exercise test. The characteristics of patients with low SMI (low SMI group) were compared with those of patients whose SMI was not low (control group). Outcomes are presented as median (interquartile range). RESULTS The T-score was significantly lower in the low SMI group (control vs. low SMI -1.1 [1.8] vs. -1.6 [1.9], P = 0.049). T-score positively correlated with SMI (r = 0.409, P < 0.0001). PeakVO2 was significantly decreased in the low SMI group (17.7 [6.3] vs. 14.4 [4.5], P = 0.006). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, T-score (odds ratio [OR], 3.508; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.074-11.456; P = 0.038) and PeakVO2 (OR, 3.512; 95% CI, 1.114-11.066; P = 0.032) were significantly related to SMI, independent of age and sex. CONCLUSIONS Skeletal muscle reduction in chronic liver disease is closely related to exercise tolerance and osteoporosis, and these factors are believed to be associated with physical inactivity in daily life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fumikazu Hayashi
- Office of Epidemiology, Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masaki Kaibori
- Department of Surgery, Hirakata Hospital, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsuma Sakaguchi
- Department of Surgery, Hirakata Hospital, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kosuke Matsui
- Department of Surgery, Hirakata Hospital, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Morihiko Ishizaki
- Department of Surgery, Hirakata Hospital, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - A-Hon Kwon
- Department of Surgery, Hirakata Hospital, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Junji Iwasaka
- Health Science Center, Hirakata Hospital, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kimura
- Health Science Center, Hirakata Hospital, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daiki Habu
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
The Effect of Bone-Loading Exercise on Bone Mineral Density in Women Following Treatment for Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. REHABILITATION ONCOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1097/01.reo.0000000000000039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
19
|
Tariq S, Lone KP, Tariq S. Comparison of parameters of bone profile and homocysteine in physically active and non-active postmenopausal females. Pak J Med Sci 2016; 32:1263-1267. [PMID: 27882033 PMCID: PMC5103145 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.325.10655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Optimal physical activity is important in attaining a peak bone mass. Physically active women have better bone mineral density and reduce fracture risk as compared to females living a sedentary life. The objective of this study was to compare parameters of bone profile and serum homocysteine levels in physically active and non-active postmenopausal females. METHODS In this cross sectional study postmenopausal females between 50-70 years of age were recruited and divided into two groups: Physically inactive (n=133) performing light physical activity and Physically active (n=34) performing moderate physical activity. Physical activity (in metabolic equivalents), bone mineral density and serum homocysteine levels were assessed. Spearman's rho correlation was applied to observe correlations. Two independent sample t test and Mann Whitney U test were applied to compare groups. P-value ≤ 0.05 was taken statistically significant. RESULTS Parameters of bone profile were significantly higher and serum homocysteine levels were significantly lower in postmenopausal females performing moderate physical activity as compared to females performing light physical activity. Homocysteine was not significantly related to T-score and Z-score in both groups. CONCLUSION Improving physical activity could be beneficial for improving the quality of bone, decreasing fracture risk and decreasing serum homocysteine levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sundus Tariq
- Dr. Sundus Tariq, MBBS, M.Phil. Assistant Professor of Physiology, University Medical & Dental College, Faisalabad-38000, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Parvez Lone
- Dr. Khalid Parvez Lone, M.Sc., M.I. Biol., Ph.D., F.Z.S.P. Prof. & Head of Department of Physiology/Metabolic Disorders, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saba Tariq
- Dr. Saba Tariq, MBBS, M.Phil. Assistant Professor of Pharmacology, University Medical & Dental College, Faisalabad-38000, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
El Mohsen AMA, El Ghaffar HEFA, Nassif NS, Elhafez GM. The weight-bearing exercise for better balance program improves strength and balance in osteopenia: a randomized controlled trial. J Phys Ther Sci 2016; 28:2576-2580. [PMID: 27799698 PMCID: PMC5080180 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.28.2576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] This study investigated the effect of the Weight-bearing Exercise for Better Balance program on the strength of hip flexors, extensors, abductors, adductors, and knee flexors and extensors and balance in osteopenia. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty-four postmenopausal females with osteopenia volunteered to participate in this study and were randomly assigned into two equal groups of 12: the experimental and control groups. The Weight-bearing Exercise for Better Balance program was applied to the experimental group, while the control group did not receive any treatment. Isokinetic peak torque per body weight values of the hip flexors, extensors, abductors, adductors, and knee flexors and extensors were measured by Biodex System 3 isokinetic dynamometer for both groups before and after six weeks of the program. Balance was assessed in both groups using the Berg Balance Scale. [Results] There was a statistically significant increase in post-intervention mean values of all measured variables compared with pre-intervention values in the experimental group. Also, there was a statistically significant increase in post-intervention mean values of all measured variables except for those of the hip extensors in the experimental group compared with the control group. [Conclusion] The weight-bearing exercise for better balance program has significant effects on lower extremity muscle strength and body balance in postmenopausal females with osteopenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nagui S. Nassif
- Department, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Ghada M. Elhafez
- Department, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Effects of Leisure-Time Physical Activity on Vertebral Dimensions in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27844. [PMID: 27282350 PMCID: PMC4901287 DOI: 10.1038/srep27844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertebral fractures are a common burden amongst elderly and late middle aged people. Vertebral cross-sectional area (CSA) is a major determinant of vertebral strength and thus associated with vertebral fracture risk. Previous studies suggest that physical activity affects vertebral CSA. We aimed to investigate the relationship between leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) from adolescence to middle age and vertebral dimensions in adulthood. We utilized the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966, of which 1188 subjects had records of LTPA at 14, 31 and 46 years, and had undergone lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at the mean age of 47 years. Using MRI data, we measured eight dimensions of the L4 vertebra. Socioeconomic status, smoking habits, height and weight were also recorded at 14, 31 and 46 years. We obtained lifetime LTPA (14-46 years of age) trajectories using latent class analysis, which resulted in three categories (active, moderately active, inactive) in both genders. Linear regression analysis was used to analyze the association between LTPA and vertebral CSA with adjustments for vertebral height, BMI, socioeconomic status and smoking. High lifetime LTPA was associated with larger vertebral CSA in women but not men. Further research is needed to investigate the factors behind the observed gender-related differences.
Collapse
|
22
|
Mazzola PN, Teixeira BC, Schirmbeck GH, Reischak-Oliveira A, Derks TG, van Spronsen FJ, Dutra-Filho CS, Schwartz IVD. Acute exercise in treated phenylketonuria patients: Physical activity and biochemical response. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2015. [PMID: 28649544 PMCID: PMC5471389 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In phenylketonuria, dietary treatment prevents most of the severe brain disease. However, patients have to follow a diet restricted in several natural components, what may cause decreased bone density and obesity. Exercise is known to improve both mental functioning and bone density also avoiding obesity, and could optimize aspects of central and peripheral outcome, regardless changes in phenylalanine (Phe) levels. However, the acute effects of exercise on metabolic parameters in phenylketonuria patients are unknown and thereby long-term adaptations are unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate patients' basal metabolic rate (BMR), and their acute response to an aerobic exercise session on plasma concentrations of Phe, tyrosine (Tyr), and branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), as well as metabolic and hormonal responses. Methods Five early- and four late diagnosed phenylketonuria patients aged 21 ± 4 years and 17 sex-, age-, and BMI-matched controls were evaluated for BMR, peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) and plasma amino acid, glucose, lipid profile and hormonal levels. At least one week later, participants performed a 30-min aerobic exercise session (intensities individually calculated using the VO2peak results). Blood samples were collected in fasted state (moment 1, M1) and immediately after a small breakfast, which included the metabolic formula for patients but not for controls, and the exercise session (moment 2, M2). Results Phenylketonuria patients and controls showed similar BMR and physical capacities. At M1, patients presented higher Phe concentration and Phe/Tyr ratio; and lower levels of BCAA and total cholesterol than controls. Besides that, poorly controlled patients tended to stay slightly below the prescribed VO2 during exercise. Both patients and controls showed increased levels of total cholesterol and LDL at M2 compared with M1. Only controls showed increased levels of Tyr, lactate, and HDL; and decreased Phe/Tyr ratio and glucose levels at M2 compared to values at M1. Conclusions Acute aerobic exercise followed by a Phe-restricted breakfast did not change Phe concentrations in treated phenylketonuria patients, but it was associated with decreased Phe/Tyr only in controls. Further studies are necessary to confirm our results in a higher number of patients.
Collapse
Key Words
- Aerobic exercise
- BCAA, branched-chain amino acids
- BMI, body mass index
- BMR, basal metabolic rate
- Basal metabolic rate
- CTL, control
- HDL, high-density lipoprotein
- LDL, low-density lipoprotein
- N/A, not applicable
- NS, non-significant
- Natural restricted diet
- PKU
- PKU, phenylketonuria
- Phe, phenylalanine
- Phenylalanine
- Phenylketonuria
- RER, respiratory exchange ratio
- Tyr, tyrosine
- VCO2, carbon dioxide production
- VO2, oxygen consumption
- VO2peak, peak oxygen consumption
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Nicolao Mazzola
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600 anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno Costa Teixeira
- Physical Education School, UFRGS, Rua Felizardo 750, 90690-200, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Terry G.J. Derks
- Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Francjan J. van Spronsen
- Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carlos Severo Dutra-Filho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600 anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600 anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ida Vanessa Doederlein Schwartz
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Corresponding author at: Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, Brazil.Medical Genetics ServiceHospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegreRua Ramiro Barcelos 2350Porto Alegre90035-003Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Liu BX, Chen SP, Li YD, Wang J, Zhang B, Lin Y, Guan JH, Cai YF, Liang Z, Zheng F. The Effect of the Modified Eighth Section of Eight-Section Brocade on Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women: A Prospective Randomized Trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e991. [PMID: 26107684 PMCID: PMC4504582 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000000991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis and related fragility fractures represent a serious and global public health problem. To evaluate whether the modified eighth section of Eight-section Brocade (MESE) exercise could improve the symptom and indexes associated with osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Guangzhou and Liuzhou hospital of traditional Chinese medicine in China. Women (n = 198) aged 50 to 75 years were randomized into Control, Ca, MESE, and MESE + Ca. Subjects in Ca and MESE groups were separately asked to consume thrice daily Calcium Carbonate Chewable D3 tablet and to perform thrice daily MESE exercise by 7 repetitions per time for 12 months. Subjects in MESE + Ca group performed such the combined treatment project for 12 months. Body height and Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) scores of both knees, chronic back pain visual analogue scale scores (VAS), bone mineral density (BMD) at L2 to L4 and the left femoral neck, 3-feet Up and Go Test (3') and one-leg Stance (OLS). In our study, the improvement in chronic back pain of the patients in Ca, MESE, and MESE + Ca group was better than that in control group. There was 1.9% and 1.7%, 2.3%, and 2.1% net profit in left femoral neck and lumbar BMD after the treatment for 12 months in MESE and MESE + Ca groups. For the balance capacity, the subjects in MESE and MESE + Ca groups secured much better performance than those in Ca and control group after the treatment for 12 months (P < 0.001, P < 0.001). The treatment of MESE exercise is the most effective for the improvement of the symptom and indexes in postmenopausal women. Importantly, the low attrition and the high exercise compliance indicate that MESE exercise is safe, feasible, and well tolerated by postmenopausal women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Xin Liu
- From China Department of Orthopedic, Guangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (BXL, BZ, JHG, YFC); The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (SPC); Department of Orthopedic, Liuzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medical College, Guangxi, China (JW, ZL); State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (YL); and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou (FZ, LYD)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Al-Saleh Y, Sulimani R, Sabico S, Raef H, Fouda M, Alshahrani F, Al Shaker M, Al Wahabi B, Sadat-Ali M, Al Rayes H, Al Aidarous S, Saleh S, Al Ayoubi F, Al-Daghri NM. 2015 Guidelines for Osteoporosis in Saudi Arabia: Recommendations from the Saudi Osteoporosis Society. Ann Saudi Med 2015; 35:1-12. [PMID: 26142931 PMCID: PMC6152549 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2015.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To provide guidelines for medical professionals in Saudi Arabia regarding osteoporosis. DESIGN AND SETTINGS A panel of 14 local experts in osteoporosis assembled to provide consensus based on the strength of evidence and expert opinions on osteoporosis treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS The Saudi Osteoporosis Society (SOS) formed a panel of experts who performed an extensive published studies search to formulate recommendations regarding prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of osteoporosis in Saudi Arabia. Both local and international published studies were utilized whenever available. RESULTS Dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanning is still the golden standard for assessing bone mineral density (BMD). In the absence of local, country-specific fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX), the SOS recommends using the USA (White) version of the FRAX tool. All women above 60 years of age should be evaluated for BMD. This is because the panel recognized that osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures occur at a younger age in Saudi Arabia. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is not recommended for treating postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. BMD evaluation should be performed 1-2 years after initiating intervention, and the assessment of bone turnover biomarkers should be performed whenever available to determine the efficacy of intervention. CONCLUSION All Saudi women above the age of 60 years must undergo a BMD assessment using DXA. Therapy decisions should be formulated with the use of the USA (White) version of the FRAX tool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Al-Saleh
- Yousef Al-Saleh, MD, Assistant Professor,, College of Medicine,, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences,, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, T: +966(11)8011111 Ext.13056, F: +966(11)8011111 Ext. 14229,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Siham Saleh
- Yousef Al-Saleh, MD, Assistant Professor,, College of Medicine,, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences,, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, T: +966(11)8011111 Ext.13056, F: +966(11)8011111 Ext. 14229,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|