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Kothe A, Wachasunder N, Rodge A, Labhasetwar P, Maldhure A. Trihalomethanes in developed and developing countries. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 196:17. [PMID: 38057440 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12106-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The reactions between natural organic matter, anthropogenic contaminants, ions, and disinfectants lead to the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) such as trihalomethanes (THMs) in drinking water. The formation of THMs is strongly related to the chlorination of water. The study's central objective was to compare the concentration of THMs in twenty developed and developing countries and their disinfection techniques. The THM concentration in 11 developed and 9 developing countries ranged from 0.5 µg/L (Germany) to 215 µg/L (Russia) and 3 µg/L (China) to 439.2 µg/L (Bangladesh), respectively. The developed country has partially succeeded in reducing THM concentration in drinking water, whereas significant steps are needed in developing countries to reduce the existing high THM concentration. The concentration of THMs in water varies among these countries because of the different water sources, water quality, environmental conditions, and efficiency of water treatment technologies. A meaningful relationship has been observed between the properties of water and the THM formation. The use of chemical disinfectants will result in new forms of DBPs that are undesirable due to their carcinogenic and mutagenic effects on human health. The DBP guidelines by various national and international agencies have helped to control and manage the THM concentration in drinking water. However, these regulatory standards are not continuously monitored. Therefore, the formation of these compounds should be prevented either by removing THMs forming precursors or by using an integrated approach for controlling THM formation by implementing advanced water treatment technology. Extensive research is desirable in domains like THM minimization strategies which are easy to deploy, scalable, and cost-effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Kothe
- Water Technology and Management Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440 020, India
| | - Neha Wachasunder
- Water Technology and Management Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440 020, India
| | - Anupama Rodge
- Water Technology and Management Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440 020, India
| | - Pawan Labhasetwar
- Water Technology and Management Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440 020, India
| | - Atul Maldhure
- Water Technology and Management Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440 020, India.
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Yang H, Wang JB, Wang XK, Fan JH, Qiao YL. Association between type of drinking water and upper gastrointestinal cancer incidence in the Linxian General Population. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:397. [PMID: 37142988 PMCID: PMC10158328 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10887-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to explore the association between drinking water source and risk of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancer, including esophageal cancer (EC) and gastric cancer (GC), in the Linxian General Population Nutrition Intervention Trial (NIT) cohort. METHODS In this study, we used data from the Linxian NIT cohort, which included 29,584 healthy adults aged 40 to 69 years. Subjects were enrolled in April 1986 and followed up until March 2016. Tap water drinking status and demographic characteristics were collected at baseline. Subjects who drank tap water were treated as the exposed group. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated using the Cox proportional hazard model. RESULTS A total of 5,463 cases of UGI cancer were identified during the 30-year follow-up period. After adjusting for multiple factors, the incidence rate of UGI cancer in participants who drank tap water was significantly lower compared with individuals in the control (HR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.86-0.97). A similar association was observed between tap water drinking and EC incidence (HR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.82-0.97). The association between drinking tap water and risk of UGI cancer and EC incidence did not vary across the subgroup by age and gender (All Pinteraction > 0.05). For EC incidence, an interaction effect was observed for riboflavin/niacin supplements and drinking water source (Pinteraction = 0.03). No association was observed between drinking water source and GC incidence. CONCLUSIONS In this prospective cohort study in Linxian, participants who drank tap water had a lower risk of EC incidence. As a source of drinking water, use of tap water may reduce the risk of EC by avoiding exposure to nitrate/nitrite. Measures should be taken to improve the quality of drinking water in high-incidence areas of EC. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00342654, 21/06/2006), and the trial name is Nutrition Intervention Trials in Linxian Follow-up Study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 17 South Pan Jia Yuan Lane, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jian-Bing Wang
- Department of Public Health, and Department of Endocrinology, the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Children's Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Kun Wang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 17 South Pan Jia Yuan Lane, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jin-Hu Fan
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 17 South Pan Jia Yuan Lane, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - You-Lin Qiao
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 17 South Pan Jia Yuan Lane, Beijing, 100021, China
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Zhai H, Cheng S, Zhang L, Luo W, Zhou Y. Formation characteristics of disinfection byproducts from four different algal organic matter during chlorination and chloramination. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136171. [PMID: 36037959 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Algal organic matter (AOM) has become an important precursor of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in multiple drinking water sources. In this study, the formation of DBPs during chlorination and chloramination of AOMs from four algal species (Microcystis aeruginosa, Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus obliquus, and Cyclotella sp.) under different conditions (disinfectant doses 4.0-8.0 mg/L as Cl2, pH 6.0-8.0, and bromide 0-1.0 mg/L) were simultaneously investigated. Some common and specific characteristics of DBP formation have also been identified. The yields of total DBPs from the four AOMs were 3.28 × 102-6.00 × 102 and 1.97 × 102-3.70 × 102 nmol/mg C during chlorination and chloramination, respectively. The proportions of haloacetic acids (HAAs) in total DBPs were approximately ≥50%. Increasing disinfectant doses or pH only enhanced the yields of trihalomethanes (THMs) during chlorination but enhanced the yields of THMs, HAAs and dihaloacetonitriles (DHANs) during chloramination. Increasing bromide concentrations enhanced THM yields but decreased HAA yields during chlorination and chloramination, in addition to the shift from chlorinated DBPs to brominated DBPs. The DHAN yields of the four AOMs slightly decreased with bromide levels during chlorination, whereas different AOMs showed different trends with bromide levels during chloramination. During chlorination, C. vulgaris and S. obliquus AOMs generated higher THM and DHAN yields (at 4.0-5.0 mg/L as Cl2) than the other AOMs. During chloramination, M. aeruginosa AOM generated higher THM and HAA yields than the other AOMs (at 0.1 mg/L bromide). Cyclotella sp. AOM had the highest THM-bromine substitution factors during chlorination and the highest DHAN-bromine substitution factors during both chlorination and chloramination (at 0.1 mg/L bromide).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Zhai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering. Tianjin University, Weijin Road 92, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Shengzi Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering. Tianjin University, Weijin Road 92, Tianjin, 300072, China; Tianjin LVYIN Landscape&Ecology Construction Co., Kaihua Road 20, Hi-Tech, Tianjin, 300110, China.
| | - Liangyu Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering. Tianjin University, Weijin Road 92, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Wenjing Luo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering. Tianjin University, Weijin Road 92, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Yanan Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering. Tianjin University, Weijin Road 92, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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Bermeo L, Ivanova K, Pérez LM, Forés E, Pérez-Rafael S, Casas-Zapata JC, Morató J, Tzanov T. Sono-Enzymatically Embedded Antibacterial Silver-Lignin Nanoparticles on Cork Filter Material for Water Disinfection. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911679. [PMID: 36232983 PMCID: PMC9569633 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Providing clean drinking water is a great challenge worldwide, especially for low-income countries where the access to safe water is limited. During the last decade, new biotechnological approaches have been explored to improve water management. Among them, the use of antimicrobial nanoparticles for designing innovative centralized and decentralized (point-of-use) water treatment systems for microbial decontamination has received considerable attention. Herein, antimicrobial lignin capped silver nanoparticles (AgLNP) were embedded on residual cork pieces using high-intensity ultrasound coupled with laccase-mediated grafting to obtain biofunctionalized nanomaterial. The developed AgLNP-coated cork proved to be highly efficient to drastically reduce the number of viable Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus in liquid medium. Additionally, the coated-cork was characterized using FTIR-ATR spectroscopy and SEM imaging, and further used as a filter bed in a point-of-use device for water disinfection. The constructed water filtering system significantly reduced the amount of viable E. coli and resistant Bacillus cereus spores from filtered water operating at increasing residence times of 1, 4, 6, 16, 24, and 48 h. Therefore, the presented results prove that the obtained cork-based antimicrobial nanocomposite material could be used as a filtering medium for the development of water filtration system to control pathogen dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizeth Bermeo
- UNESCO Chair on Sustainability, ESEIAAT, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08222 Terrassa, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación Ciencia e Ingeniería en Sistemas Ambientales (GCISA), Facultad de Ingeniería Civil, Departamento de Ing. Ambiental, Universidad Del Cauca, Calle 5 No. 4-70, Popayán 190002, Colombia
| | - Kristina Ivanova
- Grup de Biotecnologia Molecular i Industrial, Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08222 Terrassa, Spain
| | - Leonardo Martín Pérez
- UNESCO Chair on Sustainability, ESEIAAT, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08222 Terrassa, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Ambiental, Química y Biotecnología Aplicada (INGEBIO), Facultad de Química e Ingeniería del Rosario, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. Pellegrini 3314, S2002QEO Rosario, Santa Fe S2002lrk, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Suipacha 531, S2002LRK Rosario, Santa Fe S2002lrk, Argentina
| | - Eva Forés
- UNESCO Chair on Sustainability, ESEIAAT, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08222 Terrassa, Spain
| | - Sílvia Pérez-Rafael
- Grup de Biotecnologia Molecular i Industrial, Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08222 Terrassa, Spain
| | - Juan C. Casas-Zapata
- Grupo de Investigación Ciencia e Ingeniería en Sistemas Ambientales (GCISA), Facultad de Ingeniería Civil, Departamento de Ing. Ambiental, Universidad Del Cauca, Calle 5 No. 4-70, Popayán 190002, Colombia
| | - Jordi Morató
- UNESCO Chair on Sustainability, ESEIAAT, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08222 Terrassa, Spain
| | - Tzanko Tzanov
- Grup de Biotecnologia Molecular i Industrial, Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08222 Terrassa, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Tafesse N, Porcelli M, Gari SR, Ambelu A. Prevalence and Trends of Drinking Water Disinfection Byproducts-Related Cancers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2022; 16:11786302221112569. [PMID: 35910284 PMCID: PMC9335495 DOI: 10.1177/11786302221112569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disinfection byproducts (DBPs) from chlorinated drinking water have been linked to an increased risk of cancer in the bladder, stomach, colon, and rectum. No studies showed the independent trends and prevalence of these cancers in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and trends of disinfection byproducts-related cancers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. METHODS Data were collected from the Addis Ababa Cancer Registry. Spatial data sets were produced and classified into households receiving chlorinated surface water and less chlorinated groundwater. The Cochran-Armitage trend test was used to evaluate whether there was a disinfection byproducts-related cancers (DBRCs) trend among communities receiving chlorinated water. Negative binomial regression was used to analyze the incidence rate. RESULTS A total of 11, 438 cancer cases were registered between 2012 and 2016, and DBRCs accounted for approximately 17%. The majority of the total cancer cases were female; 7,706 (67%). The prevalence of DBRCs was found to be higher in communities supplied with chlorinated water. From 2012 to 2016, the trend of colon cancer increased (β = 10.3, P value = .034); however, esophageal cancer decreased (β = -6.5, P value = .018). Approximately 56% of colorectal cancer patients and 53% of stomach cancer patients are known to be using chlorinated surface water for drinking regularly. In addition, approximately 57.1% and 54% of kidney and bladder cancer patients, respectively, used chlorinated surface water. CONCLUSION The prevalence of DBRCs in this study was found to be high. The colon cancer trend increased substantially from 2012 to 2016. The prevalence of DBRCs was higher in communities supplied with chlorinated surface water. Similarly, the prevalence of DBRCs was higher among males than females. Further study is required to validate the association between DBRCs and water chlorination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nebiyou Tafesse
- Ethiopian Institute of Water Resources, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Massimiliano Porcelli
- Quality, Health, Safety & Work Environment Department, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Sirak Robele Gari
- Ethiopian Institute of Water Resources, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Argaw Ambelu
- Ethiopian Institute of Water Resources, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Hatano K, Nonomura N. Editorial Comment from Dr Hatano and Dr Nonomura to Temporal trends in the incidence of distant-stage bladder cancer among young individuals. Int J Urol 2021; 28:706-707. [PMID: 33778988 DOI: 10.1111/iju.14559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Hatano
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norio Nonomura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Tully KH, Reese SW, Cole AP, Noldus J, Mossanen M, Trinh QD. Temporal trends in the incidence of distant-stage bladder cancer among young individuals. Int J Urol 2021; 28:704-705. [PMID: 33719127 DOI: 10.1111/iju.14550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karl H Tully
- Division of Urological Surgery and Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Urology and Neurourology, Marien Hospital Herne, Ruhr-University Bochum, Herne, Germany
| | - Stephen W Reese
- Division of Urological Surgery and Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander P Cole
- Division of Urological Surgery and Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joachim Noldus
- Department of Urology and Neurourology, Marien Hospital Herne, Ruhr-University Bochum, Herne, Germany
| | - Matthew Mossanen
- Division of Urological Surgery and Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Quoc-Dien Trinh
- Division of Urological Surgery and Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Kumari M, Gupta SK. Response surface methodological (RSM) approach for optimizing the removal of trihalomethanes (THMs) and its precursor's by surfactant modified magnetic nanoadsorbents (sMNP) - An endeavor to diminish probable cancer risk. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18339. [PMID: 31797998 PMCID: PMC6892921 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54902-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Response surface methodology (RSM) approach was used for optimization of the process parameters and identifying the optimal conditions for the removal of both trihalomethanes (THMs) and natural organic matter (NOM) in drinking water supplies. Co-precipitation process was employed for the synthesis of magnetic nano-adsorbent (sMNP), and were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), trans-emission electron microscopy (TEM), BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and zeta potential. Box-Behnken experimental design combined with response surface and optimization was used to predict THM and NOM in drinking water supplies. Variables were concentration of sMNP (0.1 g to 5 g), pH (4–10) and reaction time (5 min to 90 min). Statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out to identify the adequacy of the developed model, and revealed good agreement between the experimental data and proposed model. The experimentally derived RSM model was validated using t-test and a range of statistical parameters. The observed R2 value, adj. R2, pred. R2 and “F-values” indicates that the developed THM and NOM models are significant. Risk analysis study revealed that under the RSM optimized conditions, a marked reduction in the cancer risk of THMs was observed for both the groups studied. Therefore, the study observed that the developed process and models can be efficiently applied for the removal of both THM and NOM from drinking water supplies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minashree Kumari
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, 826004, Jharkhand, India.
| | - Sunil Kumar Gupta
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, 826004, Jharkhand, India
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Drinking Water Disinfection By-products and Their Carcinogenicity; A Review of an Unseen Crisis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER MANAGEMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/ijcm.88930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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