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Birolli WG, Lanças FM, dos Santos Neto ÁJ, Silveira HCS. Determination of pesticide residues in urine by chromatography-mass spectrometry: methods and applications. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1336014. [PMID: 38932775 PMCID: PMC11199415 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1336014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pollution has emerged as a significant threat to humanity, necessitating a thorough evaluation of its impacts. As a result, various methods for human biomonitoring have been proposed as vital tools for assessing, managing, and mitigating exposure risks. Among these methods, urine stands out as the most commonly analyzed biological sample and the primary matrix for biomonitoring studies. Objectives This review concentrates on exploring the literature concerning residual pesticide determination in urine, utilizing liquid and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, and its practical applications. Method The examination focused on methods developed since 2010. Additionally, applications reported between 2015 and 2022 were thoroughly reviewed, utilizing Web of Science as a primary resource. Synthesis Recent advancements in chromatography-mass spectrometry technology have significantly enhanced the development of multi-residue methods. These determinations are now capable of simultaneously detecting numerous pesticide residues from various chemical and use classes. Furthermore, these methods encompass analytes from a variety of environmental contaminants, offering a comprehensive approach to biomonitoring. These methodologies have been employed across diverse perspectives, including toxicological studies, assessing pesticide exposure in the general population, occupational exposure among farmers, pest control workers, horticulturists, and florists, as well as investigating consequences during pregnancy and childhood, neurodevelopmental impacts, and reproductive disorders. Future directions Such strategies were essential in examining the health risks associated with exposure to complex mixtures, including pesticides and other relevant compounds, thereby painting a broader and more accurate picture of human exposure. Moreover, the implementation of integrated strategies, involving international research initiatives and biomonitoring programs, is crucial to optimize resource utilization, enhancing efficiency in health risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willian Garcia Birolli
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
- Chromatography Group, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Mauro Lanças
- Chromatography Group, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Liu J, Wang L, Li S, Lin Z, Yang G, Miao Z. Association of urine glyphosate levels with renal injury biomarkers in children living close to major vegetable-producing regions in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168677. [PMID: 38007119 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate (GLY)-based herbicides exposure contributes to renal dysfunction in experimental conditions, but the effects on humans are rarely reported. Biomonitoring is practically relevant for evaluating the association of urine GLY levels and renal damage in children living close to vegetable-cultivating regions. In this study, we collected the first-morning void urine samples of 239 healthy children (aged 3-12, 48.12 % boys) living near major vegetable-producing regions in March-May and August 2023 in Shandong Province, China. Urine levels of GLY and kidney injury-associated biomarkers were determined using ELISA kits to assess their correlation. GLY was detected in 92.05 % of urine samples (220 out of 239 participants) and the geometric concentration (GM) was 7.429 μg/L (range: 0.625 to 38.267 μg/L). Binary logistic regression and multivariate regression analysis revealed GLY detectability and levels positively correlated with home ventilation and self-producing vegetable intake of the subjects, as well as sampling periods. Moreover, a statistically significant concentration association with urine GLY was found for kidney injury-associated biomarkers (NGAL and KIM-1) (R2 = 0.923 and 0.855, respectively). Additionally, risk assessment revealed that the maximum value of probable daily intake was 0.150 mg/kg bw/day, accounting for 30.1 % of the established Acceptable Daily Intake of GLY. This study unveils a positive correlation between continuous GLY-based herbicide exposure and renal injury biomarkers of children. A large-scale epidemiological study is warranted for comprehensively assessing the effects of GLY-based herbicides on kidney function of the entire public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Liu
- College of Biological and Brewing Engineering, Taishan University, Tai'an City, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- The Second Children & Women's Healthcare of Ji'nan City, Laiwu City, China
| | - Song Li
- College of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University, Ji'nan City, China
| | - Zhenxian Lin
- College of Biological and Brewing Engineering, Taishan University, Tai'an City, China
| | - Guangcheng Yang
- College of Biological and Brewing Engineering, Taishan University, Tai'an City, China
| | - Zengmin Miao
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an City, China.
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González-Moscoso M, Meza-Figueroa D, Martínez-Villegas NV, Pedroza-Montero MR. GLYPHOSATE IMPACT on human health and the environment: Sustainable alternatives to replace it in Mexico. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 340:139810. [PMID: 37598951 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum, non-selective herbicide used to control weeds and protect agricultural crops, and it is classified as potentially carcinogenic by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. In Mexico, the use of pesticides is a common practice, including glyphosate. However, on December 31st, 2020, the Mexican government decreed the prohibition of this herbicide as of January 2024. In this review, we investigate the association between glyphosate and cancer risk and found that most of the studies focused using animals showing negative effects such as genotoxicity, cytotoxicity and neurotoxicity, some studies used cancer cell lines showing proliferative effects due to glyphosate exposure. To our knowledge, in Mexico, there are no scientific reports on the association of glyphosate with any type of cancer. In addition, we reviewed the toxicological effects of the herbicide glyphosate, and the specific case of the current situation of the use and environmental damage of this herbicide in Mexico. We found that few studies have been published on glyphosate, and that the largest number of publications are from the International Agency for Research on Cancer classification to date. Additionally, we provide data on glyphosate stimulation at low doses as a biostimulant in crops and analytical monitoring techniques for the detection of glyphosates in different matrices. Finally, we have tried to summarize the actions of the Mexican government to seek sustainable alternatives and replace the use of glyphosate, to obtain food free of this herbicide and take care of the health of the population and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magín González-Moscoso
- Departamento de Nanotecnología, Universidad Politécnica de Chiapas (UPChiapas), Carretera Tuxtla Gutierrez.-Portillo Zaragoza Km 21+500, Col. Las Brisas, Suchiapa, 29150, Chiapas, Mexico.
| | - Diana Meza-Figueroa
- Departamento de Geología, Universidad de Sonora, Rosales y Encinas, Hermosillo, 83000, Sonora, Mexico
| | | | - Martín Rafael Pedroza-Montero
- Departamento de Investigación en Física, Universidad de Sonora, Rosales y Encinas, Hermosillo, 83000, Sonora, Mexico
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Guzman-Torres H, Sandoval-Pinto E, Cremades R, Ramírez-de-Arellano A, García-Gutiérrez M, Lozano-Kasten F, Sierra-Díaz E. Frequency of urinary pesticides in children: a scoping review. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1227337. [PMID: 37711246 PMCID: PMC10497881 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1227337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Pesticides are any mix of ingredients and substances used to eliminate or control unwanted vegetable or animal species recognized as plagues. Its use has been discussed in research due to the scarcity of strong scientific evidence about its health effects. International literature is still insufficient to establish a global recommendation through public policy. This study aims to explore international evidence of the presence of pesticides in urine samples from children and their effects on health through a scoping review based on the methodology described by Arksey and O'Malley. The number of articles resulting from the keyword combination was 454, and a total of 93 manuscripts were included in the results and 22 were complementary. Keywords included in the search were: urinary, pesticide, children, and childhood. Children are exposed to pesticide residues through a fruit and vegetable intake environment and household insecticide use. Behavioral effects of neural damage, diabetes, obesity, and pulmonary function are health outcomes for children that are commonly studied. Gas and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry methods are used predominantly for metabolite-pesticide detection in urine samples. Dialkylphosphates (DAP) are common in organophosphate (OP) metabolite studies. First-morning spot samples are recommended to most accurately characterize OP dose in children. International evidence in PubMed supports that organic diets in children are successful interventions that decrease the urinary levels of pesticides. Several urinary pesticide studies were found throughout the world's population. However, there is a knowledge gap that is important to address (public policy), due to farming activities that are predominant in these territories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horacio Guzman-Torres
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Centro Universitario en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Elena Sandoval-Pinto
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Rosa Cremades
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Centro Universitario en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Adrián Ramírez-de-Arellano
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Mariana García-Gutiérrez
- Centro Metropolitano de Atención de la Diabetes Tipo 1, OPD Servicios de Salud, Secretaría de Salud Jalisco, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Felipe Lozano-Kasten
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Centro Universitario en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Erick Sierra-Díaz
- Departamentos de Clínicas Quirúrgicas y Salud Pública, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
- División de Epidemiología, UMAE Hospital de Especialidades Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente del IMSS, Guadalajara, Mexico
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Connolly A, Koch HM, Bury D, Koslitz S, Kolossa-Gehring M, Conrad A, Murawski A, McGrath JA, Leahy M, Brüning T, Coggins MA. A Human Biomonitoring Study Assessing Glyphosate and Aminomethylphosphonic Acid (AMPA) Exposures among Farm and Non-Farm Families. TOXICS 2022; 10:690. [PMID: 36422898 PMCID: PMC9697524 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10110690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate-based pesticides are the highest-volume used herbicides worldwide. International concerns regarding the potential human adverse effects of glyphosate exposures have heightened since IARC classified glyphosate as probably carcinogenic to humans. Human biomonitoring (HBM) studies have identified ubiquitous exposure to glyphosate and its main breakdown product, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), from environmental exposures. The IMAGE research project aimed to investigate farm and non-farm families' exposure to glyphosate while aligning with the Human Biomonitoring for Europe (HBM4EU) initiative. The study recruited non-farm and farm families (who use glyphosate on their farms). Each family member provided a urine sample that was analysed using gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry, with a limit of quantification of 0.05 µg/L for glyphosate and AMPA. In addition to general information on background exposures in farm and non-farm families, we investigated relationships in exposure between families and family members. We recruited 68 families, including 54 non-farm and 14 farm families (180 vs. 45 individuals). Some pesticide users (n = 14, all male farmers) had slightly elevated AMPA levels compared to other adult participants but, overall, we observed no significant differences between farm and non-farm families. The main metabolite, AMPA, was quantifiable in twice as many samples as glyphosate (61% vs. 32%), with a maximum concentration of 7.24 µg/L vs. 3.21 µg/L. Compared to previous studies, exposure levels were relatively low and far below current health-based guidance values (3% or less for glyphosate and AMPA). Study results suggest potential exposures from residential co-exposures or living with a pesticide user. This is the first study internationally to investigate glyphosate and AMPA across family members (farm and non-farm). We found comparably low glyphosate and AMPA exposures among these families. These results enhance our understanding of glyphosate exposures for different demographic groups and contribute to the scientific knowledge on exposures required for regulatory risk assessments and the re-evaluation of glyphosate in 2022 by the European Commission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Connolly
- Centre for Climate and Air Pollution Studies, Physics, School of Natural Sciences and the Ryan Institute, University of Galway, University Road, H91 CF50 Galway, Ireland
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Holger M. Koch
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Daniel Bury
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Stephan Koslitz
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | | | - André Conrad
- German Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt), 06844 Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - Aline Murawski
- German Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt), 06844 Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - James A. McGrath
- Centre for Climate and Air Pollution Studies, Physics, School of Natural Sciences and the Ryan Institute, University of Galway, University Road, H91 CF50 Galway, Ireland
| | - Michelle Leahy
- Centre for Climate and Air Pollution Studies, Physics, School of Natural Sciences and the Ryan Institute, University of Galway, University Road, H91 CF50 Galway, Ireland
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Marie A. Coggins
- Centre for Climate and Air Pollution Studies, Physics, School of Natural Sciences and the Ryan Institute, University of Galway, University Road, H91 CF50 Galway, Ireland
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Diaz DMM, Aguirre MDCC, Escalera ALR, Gutiérrez MTT, Robles IO, Guzmán MJM, Díaz ALG, Peña MCG, Alvarado-Nájera AN, Domínguez IG, Villavicencio-Bautista JC, Rodríguez AAH, Marín-García R, González FJA, Wong AC, Guerra EG, Castañeda RD, Aguilar CAP, Zúñiga-Macías LP, Guerra JMA. Histologic characterization and risk factors for persistent albuminuria in adolescents in a region of highly prevalent end-stage renal failure of unknown origin. Clin Kidney J 2022; 15:1300-1311. [PMID: 35756733 PMCID: PMC9217647 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfac018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
End-stage renal failure of unknown origin (ESRD-UO) is a public health problem in Mexico and many regions of the world. The prevalence of ESRD-UO in Aguascalientes Mexico is one of the highest worldwide, particularly in adults between 20 and 40 years of age.
Aim
To screen adolescents for chronic kidney disease (CKD), identify risk factors, and histologically characterize adolescents with persistent albuminuria (pACR).
Methodology
This is a cross-sectional, observational, and comparative study of adolescents in whom serum creatinine and the albumin creatinine ratio (ACR) were determined when screening for CKD. A clinical evaluation and risk factor survey were conducted. Patients with an abnormal ACR (≥ 30 mg/gr) or a low glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (≤75 ml/min/1.73 m2) were reevaluated and a renal ultrasound was obtained (rUS). A kidney biopsy was performed in patients with pACR.
Results
Five-hundred and thirteen (513) students were included, 19 had pACR and 494 were controls. The prevalence of pACR was 3.7% (95%CI 2.1 – 5.3). Only one patient had a decreased GRF. None of the patients with pACR had anatomical abnormalities of the urinary tract by rUS. Patients with pACR had a decreased total renal volume in comparison with the control group (150 vs 195 ml/m2, p <0.01). Eighteen (18) kidney biopsies were performed, 72% had glomerulomegaly, and only one patient had mild fibrosis. Podocyte abnormalities were evident on electron microscopy: partial fusion (100%), microvillous degeneration (80%), and increased organelles (60%). Risk factors for pACR were: homestead proximity to maize crops, the use of pesticides at the father´s workplace, a family history of CKD, and blood pressure abnormalities. The body mass index and breastfeeding were protective factors.
Conclusions
The prevalence of pACR in adolescents in Aguascalientes is high, and histologic compromise is characterized by podocyte injury in the absence of fibrosis. The renal volume of pACR patients was decreased, suggesting oligonephronia. Exposure to environmental toxins such as pesticides, even prenatally, may be responsible for this pathological entity. Screening programs in adolescents by determining ACR are necessary in our milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Myriam del Carmen Corrales Aguirre
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Centenario Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Centenario Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alfredo Chew Wong
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Centenario Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico
| | | | - Rodolfo Delgadillo Castañeda
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Centenario Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Centenario Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico
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