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Tsampasian V, Vassiliou VS. Sex-related risk of heart failure in suspected or known coronary artery disease: adding a piece to the puzzle. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2021; 28:1720-1721. [PMID: 34414427 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwab091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Tsampasian
- Norwich Medical School and University of East Anglia, Bob Champion Research and Education, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK.,Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Vass S Vassiliou
- Norwich Medical School and University of East Anglia, Bob Champion Research and Education, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK.,Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
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2
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Álvarez-Fernández C, Romero-Saldaña M, Álvarez-López C, Molina-Luque R, Molina-Recio G, Vaquero-Abellán M. Gender differences and health inequality: Evolution of cardiovascular risk in workers. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2021; 76:406-413. [PMID: 33625316 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2021.1891017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to find out if there are any such differences due to gender in a cohort of workers followed for ten years, comparing their lifestyles and following the evolution of the main cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) and their impact on cardiovascular risk. An observational longitudinal study of 698 civil servants workers (186 women and 512 men) of a local government office from Córdoba (Spain), was conducted over the period 2003-2014. We compared the initial and final prevalence of physical activity, smoking, obesity, hypertension, metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Cardiovascular risk was also assessed using the REGICOR (Registre Gironí del Cor) and SCORE (Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation) equations. There was a greater rise in the prevalence of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia in the cohort in women than in men (94.2% vs. 38% and 92% vs 21.1%), while the reduction in smoking also differed by gender (26.4% vs. 36.5%). It could be that since women present a lower cardiovascular risk profile, they are treated less or less effort is made to keep the risk factors low, resulting in a worse evolution of smoking, hypercholesterolemia and hypertension in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Álvarez-Fernández
- Department of Safety and Occupational Health, City Council of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - M Romero-Saldaña
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Grupo Asociado de Investigación Estilos de vida, Innovación y Salud. Insituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - R Molina-Luque
- Grupo Asociado de Investigación Estilos de vida, Innovación y Salud. Insituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
| | - G Molina-Recio
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Grupo Asociado de Investigación Estilos de vida, Innovación y Salud. Insituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
| | - M Vaquero-Abellán
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
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3
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Sisa I. Gender differences in cardiovascular risk assessment in elderly adults in Ecuador: evidence from a national survey. J Investig Med 2018; 67:736-742. [PMID: 30518558 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2018-000789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to predict the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) over a 5-year period and how it might vary by sex in an ethnically diverse population of older adults. We used a novel CVD risk model built and validated in older adults named the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation in Older Persons (SCORE OP). A population-based study analyzed a total of 1307 older adults. Analyses were done by various risk categories and sex. Of the study population, 54% were female with a mean age of 75±7.1 years. According to the SCORE OP model, individuals were classified as having low (9.8%), moderate (48.1%), and high or very high risk (42.1%) of CVD-related mortality. Individuals at higher risk of CVD were more likely to be male compared with females, 53.9% vs 31.8%, respectively (p<0.01). Males were more likely to be younger, living in rural areas, had higher levels of schooling, and with the exception of smoking status and serum triglycerides, had lower values of traditional risk factors than females. In addition, males were less likely to require blood pressure-lowering therapy and statin drugs than females. This gender inequality could be driven by sociocultural determinants and a risk factor paradox in which lower levels of the cardiovascular risk factors are associated with an increase rather than a reduction in mortality. These data can be used to tailor primary prevention strategies such as lifestyle counseling and therapeutic measures in order to improve male elderly health, especially in low-resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Sisa
- School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
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4
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Hyun KK, Redfern J, Patel A, Peiris D, Brieger D, Sullivan D, Harris M, Usherwood T, MacMahon S, Lyford M, Woodward M. Gender inequalities in cardiovascular risk factor assessment and management in primary healthcare. Heart 2017; 103:492-498. [PMID: 28249996 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2016-310216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To quantify contemporary differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor assessment and management between women and men in Australian primary healthcare services. METHODS Records of routinely attending patients were sampled from 60 Australian primary healthcare services in 2012 for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Risk using Electronic Decision Support study. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to compare the rate of CVD risk factor assessment and recommended medication prescriptions, by gender. RESULTS Of 53 085 patients, 58% were female. Adjusting for demographic and clinical characteristics, women were less likely to have sufficient risk factors measured for CVD risk assessment (OR (95% CI): 0.88 (0.81 to 0.96)). Among 13 294 patients (47% women) in the CVD/high CVD risk subgroup, the adjusted odds of prescription of guideline-recommended medications were greater for women than men: 1.12 (1.01 to 1.23). However, there was heterogeneity by age (p <0.001), women in the CVD/high CVD risk subgroup aged 35-54 years were less likely to be prescribed the medications (0.63 (0.52 to 0.77)), and women in the CVD/high CVD risk subgroup aged ≥65 years were more likely to be prescribed the medications (1.34 (1.17 to 1.54)) than their male counterparts. CONCLUSIONS Women attending primary healthcare services in Australia were less likely than men to have risk factors measured and recorded such that absolute CVD risk can be assessed. For those with, or at high risk of, CVD, the prescription of appropriate preventive medications was more frequent in older women, but less frequent in younger women, compared with their male counterparts. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER 12611000478910, Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karice K Hyun
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Julie Redfern
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anushka Patel
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - David Peiris
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - David Brieger
- Department of Cardiology, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - David Sullivan
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark Harris
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tim Usherwood
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Medical School Westmead, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stephen MacMahon
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,The George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Marilyn Lyford
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,WA Centre for Rural Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Mark Woodward
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,The George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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5
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Veromaa V, Kautiainen H, Saxen U, Malmberg-Ceder K, Bergman E, Korhonen PE. Ideal cardiovascular health and psychosocial risk factors among Finnish female municipal workers. Scand J Public Health 2016; 45:50-56. [DOI: 10.1177/1403494816677661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Ideal cardiovascular health has been defined by the American Heart Association as the absence of disease and the presence of seven key health factors and behaviours. However, little is known about the mental aspects associated with ideal cardiovascular health metrics. The objective of this study was to assess the relationships between psychosocial risk factors and ideal cardiovascular health metrics among Finnish women at municipal work units. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Finland among 732 female employees (mean±SD age 48±10 years) from ten work units in 2014. Ideal cardiovascular health metrics were evaluated with a physical examination, laboratory tests, medical history and self-administrated questionnaires. Psychosocial risk factors (social isolation, stress, depressive symptoms, anxiety, hostility and type D personality) were assessed with core questions as suggested by the European Society of Cardiology. Results: The prevalence of having 5–7 ideal cardiovascular health metrics was 183 (25.0%), of whom 54.1% had at least one psychosocial risk factor. Anxiety (31.3%), work stress (30.7%) and type D personality (26.1%) were the most prevalent of the psychosocial risk factors. The prevalence of depressive symptoms ( p<0.001) and type D personality ( p=0.049) decreased linearly according to the sum of ideal cardiovascular health metrics after adjustment for age and years of education. Conclusions: Even women with good cardiovascular health are affected by psychosocial risk factors at municipal work units. Although the association is possibly bidirectional, screening and treating depression and dealing with type D personality might be crucial in improving cardiovascular health among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veera Veromaa
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Family Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland
- Central Satakunta Health Federation of Municipalities, Finland
| | - Hannu Kautiainen
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, FinlandÕ) Unit of Primary Health Care, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Unit of Primary Health Care, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ulla Saxen
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital District of Satakunta, Finland
| | - Kirsi Malmberg-Ceder
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of Turku and Turku, University Hospital, Finland
| | - Elina Bergman
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Family Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Päivi E. Korhonen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Family Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland
- Central Satakunta Health Federation of Municipalities, Finland
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6
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Leifheit-Limson EC, D'Onofrio G, Daneshvar M, Geda M, Bueno H, Spertus JA, Krumholz HM, Lichtman JH. Sex Differences in Cardiac Risk Factors, Perceived Risk, and Health Care Provider Discussion of Risk and Risk Modification Among Young Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction: The VIRGO Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016; 66:1949-1957. [PMID: 26515996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.08.859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differences between sexes in cardiac risk factors, perceptions of cardiac risk, and health care provider discussions about risk among young patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are not well studied. OBJECTIVES This study compared cardiac risk factor prevalence, risk perceptions, and health care provider feedback on heart disease and risk modification between young women and men hospitalized with AMI. METHODS We studied 3,501 AMI patients age 18 to 55 years enrolled in the VIRGO (Variation in Recovery: Role of Gender on Outcomes of Young AMI Patients) study in U.S. and Spanish hospitals between August 2008 and January 2012, comparing the prevalence of 5 cardiac risk factors by sex. Modified Poisson regression was used to assess sex differences in self-perceived heart disease risk and self-reported provider discussions of risk and modification. RESULTS Nearly all patients (98%) had ≥1 risk factor, and 64% had ≥3. Only 53% of patients considered themselves at risk for heart disease, and even fewer reported being told they were at risk (46%) or that their health care provider had discussed heart disease and risk modification (49%). Women were less likely than men to be told they were at risk (relative risk: 0.89; 95% confidence interval: 0.84 to 0.96) or to have a provider discuss risk modification (relative risk: 0.84; 95% confidence interval: 0.79 to 0.89). There was no difference between women and men for self-perceived risk. CONCLUSIONS Despite having significant cardiac risk factors, only one-half of young AMI patients believed they were at risk for heart disease before their event. Even fewer discussed their risks or risk modification with their health care providers; this issue was more pronounced among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica C Leifheit-Limson
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut.
| | - Gail D'Onofrio
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Mitra Daneshvar
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Mary Geda
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Héctor Bueno
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - John A Spertus
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute and University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Harlan M Krumholz
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut; Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Robert Wood Johnson Clinical Scholars Program, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine and the Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Judith H Lichtman
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut; Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut
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7
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Nuotio J, Oikonen M, Magnussen CG, Jokinen E, Laitinen T, Hutri-Kähönen N, Kähönen M, Lehtimäki T, Taittonen L, Tossavainen P, Jula A, Loo BM, Viikari JS, Raitakari OT, Juonala M. Cardiovascular risk factors in 2011 and secular trends since 2007: the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Scand J Public Health 2014; 42:563-71. [PMID: 25053467 DOI: 10.1177/1403494814541597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cardiovascular risk factor levels in 2011 and 4-year changes between 2007 and 2011 were examined using data collected in follow-ups of the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. METHODS The study population comprised 2063 Finnish adults aged 34-49 years (45% male). Lipid and blood pressure levels, glucose and anthropometry were measured and life style risk factors examined with questionnaires. RESULTS Mean total cholesterol level in 2011 was 5.19 mmol/l, low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol 3.27 mmol/l, high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol 1.33 mmol/l, and triglycerides 1.34 mmol/l. Using American Diabetes Association criteria, Type 2 diabetes (T2D) was observed in 4.1% and prediabetes (fasting glucose 5.6-6.9 mmol/l or glycated hemoglobin 5.7-6.4%) diagnosed for 33.8% of the participants. Significant changes (P < 0.05) between 2007 and 2011 included an increase in waist circumference (3.3%) in women. In both sexes, systolic (-3.0% in women, -4.0% in men) and diastolic (-3.0% in women, -3.3% in men) blood pressure and triglycerides (-3.4% in women, -6.5% in men) decreased during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Previously observed favorable trends in ldl-cholesterol levels have leveled off among a sample of young and middle-aged adults in finland triglyceride and blood pressure levels have decreased over one-third of the study population had prediabetes and may be at increased risk for T2D:
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Nuotio
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mervi Oikonen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Costan G Magnussen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Eero Jokinen
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomi Laitinen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - Leena Taittonen
- Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland Department of Pediatrics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Antti Jula
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland
| | - Britt-Marie Loo
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland
| | - Jorma Sa Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku and Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland The Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Markus Juonala
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku and Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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8
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Naicker K, Liddy C, Singh J, Taljaard M, Hogg W. Quality of cardiovascular disease care in Ontario's primary care practices: a cross sectional study examining differences in guideline adherence by patient sex. BMC FAMILY PRACTICE 2014; 15:123. [PMID: 24938405 PMCID: PMC4069341 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2296-15-123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background Women are disproportionately affected by cardiovascular disease, often experiencing poorer outcomes following a cardiovascular event. Evidence points to inequities in processes of care as a potential contributing factor. This study sought to determine whether any sex differences exist in adherence to process of care guidelines for cardiovascular disease within primary care practices in Ontario, Canada. Methods This is a secondary analysis of pooled cross-sectional baseline data collected through a larger quality improvement initiative known as the Improved Delivery of Cardiovascular Care (IDOCC). Chart abstraction was performed for 4,931 patients from 84 primary care practices in Eastern Ontario who had, or were at high risk of, cardiovascular disease. Measures examining adherence to guidelines associated with nine areas of cardiovascular care (coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease (PVD), stroke/transient ischemic attack, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, smoking cessation, and weight management) were collected. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate sex differences, adjusting for age, physician remuneration, and rurality. Results Women were significantly less likely to have their lipid profiles taken (OR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.03-1.33), be prescribed lipid lowering medication for dyslipidemia (OR = 1.54, 95% CI 1.20-1.97), and to be prescribed ASA following stroke (OR = 1.56, 95% CI 1.39-1.75). Women with PVD were significantly less likely to be prescribed ACE inhibitors and/or angiotensin receptor blockers (OR = 1.74, 95% CI 1.25-2.41) and lipid lowering medications (OR = 1.95, 95% CI 1.46-2.62) or ASA (OR = 1.59, 95% CI 1.43-1.78). However, women were more likely to have two blood pressure measurements taken and to be referred to a dietician or weight loss program. Male patients with diabetes were less likely to be prescribed glycemic control medication (OR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.74-0.86). Conclusions Sex disparities exist in the quality of cardiovascular care in Canadian primary care practices, which tend to favour men. Women with PVD have a particularly high risk of not receiving appropriate medications. Our findings indicate that improvements in care delivery should be made to address these issues, particularly with regard to the prescribing of recommended medications for women, and preventive measures for men.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clare Liddy
- Bruyère Research Institute, C,T, Lamont Primary Health Care Research Centre, 43 Bruyère St, Annex E, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 5C8, Canada.
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9
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Lopez-Gonzalez AA, Aguilo A, Frontera M, Bennasar-Veny M, Campos I, Vicente-Herrero T, Tomas-Salva M, De Pedro-Gomez J, Tauler P. Effectiveness of the Heart Age tool for improving modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in a Southern European population: a randomized trial. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2014; 22:389-96. [DOI: 10.1177/2047487313518479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angel A Lopez-Gonzalez
- Prevention of Occupational Risks in Health Services, GESMA, Balearic Islands Health Service, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Antoni Aguilo
- Research Group on Evidence, Lifestyles & Health, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Margalida Frontera
- Research Group on Evidence, Lifestyles & Health, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Miquel Bennasar-Veny
- Research Group on Evidence, Lifestyles & Health, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Irene Campos
- Prevention of Occupational Risks in Health Services, GESMA, Balearic Islands Health Service, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | | | - Matias Tomas-Salva
- Prevention of Occupational Risks, Balearic Islands Government, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Joan De Pedro-Gomez
- Research Group on Evidence, Lifestyles & Health, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Pedro Tauler
- Research Group on Evidence, Lifestyles & Health, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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10
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Araújo F, Gouvinhas C, Fontes F, La Vecchia C, Azevedo A, Lunet N. Trends in cardiovascular diseases and cancer mortality in 45 countries from five continents (1980-2010). Eur J Prev Cardiol 2013; 21:1004-17. [PMID: 23884980 DOI: 10.1177/2047487313497864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and cancer are worldwide main causes of death with mortality trends varying across countries with different levels of economic development. DESIGN AND METHODS We analysed trends in CVD and cancer mortality for 37 European countries, five high-income non-European countries and four leading emerging economies (BRICS) using data from the World Health Organization database for the period 1980-2010. RESULTS In high-income countries, CVD mortality trends are characterized by steep declines over the last decades, while a downward trend in cancer mortality started more recently and was less pronounced. This resulted in the gradual convergence of the CVD and cancer mortality rates, and the latter are already higher in some countries. The absolute number of CVD deaths decreased in most settings, while cancer deaths increased in nearly all countries. Among the BRICS, China and South Africa share a similar pattern of no meaningful variation in both CVD and cancer age-standardized mortality rates and an increase in the overall number of deaths by these causes. Brazil presents trends similar to those of high-income countries, except for the still increasing number of CVD deaths. CONCLUSIONS The substantial decreases in CVD mortality over the last decades have overcome the impact of the growth and ageing of populations in the overall number of deaths, while stabilization in the number of cancer deaths was observed only in some of the high-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Araújo
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, University of Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal Institute of Public Health of the University of Porto (ISPUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Gouvinhas
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, University of Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal Institute of Public Health of the University of Porto (ISPUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipa Fontes
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, University of Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal Institute of Public Health of the University of Porto (ISPUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Institute of Public Health of the University of Porto (ISPUP), Porto, Portugal Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ana Azevedo
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, University of Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal Institute of Public Health of the University of Porto (ISPUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Lunet
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, University of Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal Institute of Public Health of the University of Porto (ISPUP), Porto, Portugal
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11
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Song A, Liang Y, Yan Z, Sun B, Cai C, Jiang H, Qiu C. Highly prevalent and poorly controlled cardiovascular risk factors among Chinese elderly people living in the rural community. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2013; 21:1267-74. [PMID: 23598595 DOI: 10.1177/2047487313487621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aiqin Song
- School of Public Health, Jining Medical University, China
| | - Yajun Liang
- School of Public Health, Jining Medical University, China
| | - Zhongrui Yan
- Department of Neurology, Jining First People’s Hospital, China
| | - Binglun Sun
- Xing Long Zhuang Coal Mine Hospital, Yankuang Group, China
| | - Chuanzhu Cai
- Xing Long Zhuang Coal Mine Hospital, Yankuang Group, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Xing Long Zhuang Coal Mine Hospital, Yankuang Group, China
| | - Chengxuan Qiu
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University, Sweden
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12
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Hermsdorff HHM, Barbosa KBF, Volp ACP, Puchau B, Bressan J, Zulet MÁ, Martínez JA. Gender-specific relationships between plasma oxidized low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total antioxidant capacity, and central adiposity indicators. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2012; 21:884-91. [PMID: 23253745 DOI: 10.1177/2047487312472420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress has a pivotal role in the onset of obesity-related chronic diseases. This study assessed potential gender differences in the associations of adiposity (total vs. central) with oxidative stress markers in healthy young adults. METHODS This cross-sectional study enrolled 272 subjects (97 males, 175 females; 22 ± 3 years, body mass index 22.0 ± 2.8 kg/m(2)). Body composition, cardiometabolic and lifestyle features, oxidized low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (ox-LDL) concentrations, plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in erythrocytes were determined by validated procedures. RESULTS Compared to women, men had statistically higher concentrations of ox-LDL (61.7 vs. 53.5 U/l, p = 0.022). In analyses with the whole sample, those individuals included in the highest tertile of central adiposity indicators (waist circumference, WC, or waist-to-hip ratio, WHR) presented higher ox-LDL and lower TAC values (p < 0.01), while no statistical differences were found across tertiles of total body fat. WHR values were more strongly associated with ox-LDL and TAC concentrations, compared to other adiposity indicators, with higher slopes for women. Sex differences in ox-LDL concentrations were abolished (p > 0.05) after individual pairing of men and women for WC (53.8 vs. 61.6 U/l, p = 0.225) or WHR (56.1 vs. 56.3 U/l, p = 0.471). No differences were found in GPx values concerning gender or adiposity indicators. CONCLUSIONS Plasma ox-LDL and TAC values were more strongly influenced by central adiposity indicators (WHR and WC) in women than in men, suggesting that the change of the gynoid to android pattern phenotype among young women could lead to a steeper unfavourable redox status compared to men.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ana Carolina P Volp
- Department of Clinical and Social Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Blanca Puchau
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science, Physiology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Josefina Bressan
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - M Ángeles Zulet
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science, Physiology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science, Physiology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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