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Lei J, Tang LL, You HJ. Pathological pain: Non-motor manifestations in Parkinson disease and its treatment. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 161:105646. [PMID: 38569983 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
In addition to motor symptoms, non-motor manifestations of Parkinson's disease (PD), i.e. pain, depression, sleep disturbance, and autonomic disorders, have received increasing attention. As one of the non-motor symptoms, pain has a high prevalence and is considered an early pre-motor symptom in the development of PD. In relation to pathological pain and its management in PD, particularly in the early stages, it is hypothesized that the loss of dopaminergic neurons causes a functional deficit in supraspinal structures, leading to an imbalance in endogenous descending modulation. Deficits in dopaminergic-dependent pathways also affect non-dopaminergic neurotransmitter systems that contribute to the pathological processing of nociceptive input, the integration, and modulation of pain in PD. This review examines the onset and progression of pain in PD, with a particular focus on alterations in the central modulation of nociception. The discussion highlights the importance of abnormal endogenous descending facilitation and inhibition in PD pain, which may provide potential clues to a better understanding of the nature of pathological pain and its effective clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lei
- Center for Translational Medicine Research on Sensory-Motor Diseases, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, China; Key Laboratory of Yan'an Sports Rehabilitation Medicine, Yan'an 716000, China
| | - Lin-Lin Tang
- Center for Translational Medicine Research on Sensory-Motor Diseases, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, China
| | - Hao-Jun You
- Center for Translational Medicine Research on Sensory-Motor Diseases, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, China; Key Laboratory of Yan'an Sports Rehabilitation Medicine, Yan'an 716000, China.
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2
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Sawamura T, Yuki N, Aoki K, Horii K, Horii Y, Naitou K, Tsukamoto S, Shiina T, Shimizu Y. Alterations in descending brain-spinal pathways regulating colorectal motility in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2024; 326:G195-G204. [PMID: 38111988 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00181.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) often have constipation. It is assumed that a disorder of the regulatory mechanism of colorectal motility by the central nervous system is involved in the constipation, but this remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate whether central neural pathways can modulate colorectal motility in a rat model of PD. PD model rats were generated by injection of 6-hydroxydopamine into a unilateral medial forebrain bundle and destruction of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Colorectal motility was measured in vivo in anesthetized rats. Intraluminal administration of capsaicin, as a noxious stimulus, induced colorectal motility in sham-operated rats but not in PD rats. Intrathecally administered dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT), which mediate the prokinetic effect of capsaicin, at the L6-S1 levels enhanced colorectal motility in PD rats similarly to that in sham-operated rats. In PD rats, capsaicin enhanced colorectal motility only when a GABAA receptor antagonist was preadministered into the lumbosacral spinal cord. Capsaicin-induced colorectal motility was abolished by intrathecal administration of a D2-like receptor antagonist but not by administration of 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. These findings demonstrate that the inhibitory GABAergic component becomes operative and the stimulatory serotonergic component is suppressed in PD rats. The alteration of the central regulatory mechanism of colorectal motility is thought to be related to the occurrence of constipation in PD patients. Our findings provide a new insight into the pathogenesis of defecation disorders observed in PD.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In a rat model of Parkinson's disease, the component of descending brain-spinal pathways that regulate colorectal motility through a mediation of the lumbosacral defecation center was altered from stimulatory serotonergic neurons to inhibitory GABAergic neurons. Our findings suggest that chronic constipation in Parkinson's disease patients may be associated with alterations in central regulatory mechanisms of colorectal motility. The plasticity in the descending pathway regulating colorectal motility may contribute to other disease-related defecation abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Sawamura
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, Laboratory of Physiology, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Natsufu Yuki
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, Laboratory of Physiology, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kanae Aoki
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, Laboratory of Physiology, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Horii
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, Laboratory of Physiology, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- Division of Biological Principles, Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuuki Horii
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kiyotada Naitou
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shumpei Tsukamoto
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, Laboratory of Physiology, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takahiko Shiina
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, Laboratory of Physiology, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, Laboratory of Physiology, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yasutake Shimizu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, Laboratory of Physiology, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, Laboratory of Physiology, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- Division of Animal Medical Science, Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research (COMIT), Gifu University Institute for Advanced Study, Gifu, Japan
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Liu M, Gu H, Hu J, Liu M, Luo Y, Yuan Y, Wu J, Zhou Y, Juan R, Cheng X, Zhuang S, Shen Y, Jin H, Chen J, Li K, Wang F, Liu C, Mao C. Higher cortical excitability to negative emotions involved in musculoskeletal pain in Parkinson's disease. Neurophysiol Clin 2024; 54:102936. [PMID: 38382137 DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2023.102936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Changes in brain structure and neurotransmitter systems are involved in pain in Parkinson's disease (PD), and emotional factors are closely related to pain. Our study applied electroencephalography (EEG) to investigate the role of emotion in PD patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. METHODS Forty-two PD patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain and 38 without were enrolled. EEG data were recorded under resting conditions, and while viewing pictures with neutral, positive, and negative content. We compared spectrum power, functional connectivity, and late positive potential (LPP), an event-related potential (ERP), between the groups. RESULTS PD patients with pain tended to have higher scores for the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD). In the resting EEG, mean β-band amplitude was significantly higher in patients with pain than in those without. Logistic regression analysis showed that higher HRSD scores and higher mean β-band amplitude were associated with pain. ERP analysis revealed that the amplitudes of LPP difference waves (the absolute difference between positive and negative condition LPP and neutral condition LPP) at the central-parietal region were significantly reduced in patients with pain (P = 0.029). Spearman correlation analysis showed that the amplitudes of late (700-1000 ms) negative versus neutral condition LPP difference waves were negatively correlated with pain intensity, assessed by visual analogue scale, (r = -0.393, P = 0.010) and HRSD scores (r = -0.366, P = 0.017). CONCLUSION Dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic systems may be involved in musculoskeletal pain in PD by increasing β-band activity and weakening the connection of the θ-band at the central-parietal region. PD patients with musculoskeletal pain have higher cortical excitability to negative emotions. The changes in pain-related EEG may be used as electrophysiological markers and therapeutic targets in PD patients with chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; The First People's Hospital of Zhangjiagang City, Suzhou, China
| | - Hanying Gu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jingzhe Hu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Manhua Liu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yajun Luo
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Wu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ru Juan
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Cheng
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Sheng Zhuang
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yun Shen
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hong Jin
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fen Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chunfeng Liu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chengjie Mao
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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Buhidma Y, Lama J, Duty S. Insight gained from using animal models to study pain in Parkinson's disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 174:99-118. [PMID: 38341233 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2023.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Pain is one of the key non-motor symptoms experienced by a large proportion of people living with Parkinson's disease (PD), yet the mechanisms behind this pain remain elusive and as such its treatment remains suboptimal. It is hoped that through the study of animal models of PD, we can start to unravel some of the contributory mechanisms, and perhaps identify models that prove useful as test beds for assessing the efficacy of potential new analgesics. However, just how far along this journey are we right now? Is it even possible to model pain in PD in animal models of the disease? And have we gathered any insight into pain mechanisms from the use of animal models of PD so far? In this chapter we intend to address these questions and in particular highlight the findings generated by others, and our own group, following studies in a range of rodent models of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazead Buhidma
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Wolfson Sensory, Pain and Regeneration Centre, Guy's Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joana Lama
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Wolfson Sensory, Pain and Regeneration Centre, Guy's Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Duty
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Wolfson Sensory, Pain and Regeneration Centre, Guy's Campus, London, United Kingdom.
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Dong LG, An MQ, Gu HY, Zhang LG, Zhang JB, Li CJ, Mao CJ, Wang F, Liu CF. PACAP/PAC1-R activation contributes to hyperalgesia in 6-OHDA-induced Parkinson's disease model rats via promoting excitatory synaptic transmission of spinal dorsal horn neurons. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:2418-2431. [PMID: 37563446 PMCID: PMC10692161 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01141-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain is a common annoying non-motor symptom in Parkinson's disease (PD) that causes distress to patients. Treatment for PD pain remains a big challenge, as its underlying mechanisms are elusive. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and its receptor PAC1-R play important roles in regulating a variety of pathophysiological processes. In this study, we investigated whether PACAP/PAC1-R signaling was involved in the mechanisms of PD pain. 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced PD model was established in rats. Behavioral tests, electrophysiological and Western blotting analysis were conducted 3 weeks later. We found that 6-OHDA rats had significantly lower mechanical paw withdrawal 50% threshold in von Frey filament test and shorter tail flick latency, while mRNA levels of Pacap and Adcyap1r1 (gene encoding PAC1-R) in the spinal dorsal horn were significantly upregulated. Whole-cell recordings from coronal spinal cord slices at L4-L6 revealed that the frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) in dorsal horn neurons was significantly increased, which was reversed by application of a PAC1-R antagonist PACAP 6-38 (250 nM). Furthermore, we demonstrated that intrathecal microinjection of PACAP 6-38 (0.125, 0.5, 2 μg) dose-dependently ameliorated the mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia in 6-OHDA rats. Inhibition of PACAP/PAC1-R signaling significantly suppressed the activation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in spinal dorsal horn of 6-OHDA rats. Microinjection of pAAV-Adcyap1r1 into L4-L6 spinal dorsal horn alleviated hyperalgesia in 6-OHDA rats. Intrathecal microinjection of ERK antagonist PD98059 (10 μg) significantly alleviated hyperalgesia in 6-OHDA rats associated with the inhibition of sEPSCs in dorsal horn neurons. In addition, we found that serum PACAP-38 concentration was significantly increased in PD patients with pain, and positively correlated with numerical rating scale score. In conclusion, activation of PACAP/PAC1-R induces the development of PD pain and targeting PACAP/PAC1-R is an alternative strategy for treating PD pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Guo Dong
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Meng-Qi An
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Han-Ying Gu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Li-Ge Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Jin-Bao Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Cheng-Jie Li
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Cheng-Jie Mao
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Fen Wang
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830063, China.
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Alkholifi FK, Devi S, Aldawsari MF, Foudah AI, Alqarni MH, Salkini MA, Sweilam SH. Effects of Tiliroside and Lisuride Co-Treatment on the PI3K/Akt Signal Pathway: Modulating Neuroinflammation and Apoptosis in Parkinson's Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2735. [PMID: 37893109 PMCID: PMC10604177 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Researchers are actively exploring potential bioactive compounds to enhance the effectiveness of Lisuride (Lis) in treating Parkinson's disease (PD) over the long term, aiming to mitigate the serious side effects associated with its extended use. A recent study found that combining the dietary flavonoid Tiliroside (Til) with Lis has potential anti-Parkinson's benefits. The study showed significant improvements in PD symptoms induced by 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) when Til and Lis were given together, based on various behavioral tests. This combined treatment significantly improved motor function and protected dopaminergic neurons in rats with PD induced by MPTP. It also activated important molecular pathways related to cell survival and apoptosis control, as indicated by the increased pAkt/Akt ratio. Til and Lis together increased B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), decreased caspase 3 activity, and prevented brain cell decay. Co-administration also reduced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin-1 (IL-1). Antioxidant markers such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and reduced glutathione significantly improved compared to the MPTP-induced control group. This study shows that using Til and Lis together effectively treats MPTP-induced PD in rats, yielding results comparable to an 8 mg/kg dose of levodopa, highlighting their potential as promising Parkinson's treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal K. Alkholifi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sushma Devi
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India
| | - Mohammed F. Aldawsari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed I. Foudah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (A.I.F.); (M.H.A.)
| | - Mohammed H. Alqarni
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (A.I.F.); (M.H.A.)
| | - Mohamad Ayman Salkini
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (A.I.F.); (M.H.A.)
| | - Sherouk Hussein Sweilam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (A.I.F.); (M.H.A.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City 11829, Egypt
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Buhidma Y, Hobbs C, Malcangio M, Duty S. Periaqueductal grey and spinal cord pathology contribute to pain in Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:69. [PMID: 37100804 PMCID: PMC10133233 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00510-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain is a key non-motor feature of Parkinson's disease (PD) that significantly impacts on life quality. The mechanisms underlying chronic pain in PD are poorly understood, hence the lack of effective treatments. Using the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesioned rat model of PD, we identified reductions in dopaminergic neurons in the periaqueductal grey (PAG) and Met-enkephalin in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord that were validated in human PD tissue samples. Pharmacological activation of D1-like receptors in the PAG, identified as the DRD5+ phenotype located on glutamatergic neurons, alleviated the mechanical hypersensitivity seen in the Parkinsonian model. Downstream activity in serotonergic neurons in the Raphé magnus (RMg) was also reduced in 6-OHDA lesioned rats, as detected by diminished c-FOS positivity. Furthermore, we identified increased pre-aggregate α-synuclein, coupled with elevated activated microglia in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord in those people that experienced PD-related pain in life. Our findings have outlined pathological pathways involved in the manifestation of pain in PD that may present targets for improved analgesia in people with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazead Buhidma
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Carl Hobbs
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Marzia Malcangio
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Susan Duty
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
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8
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Peng B, Jiao Y, Zhang Y, Li S, Chen S, Xu S, Gao P, Fan Y, Yu W. Bulbospinal nociceptive ON and OFF cells related neural circuits and transmitters. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1159753. [PMID: 37153792 PMCID: PMC10157642 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1159753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) is a bulbospinal nuclei in the descending pain modulation system, and directly affects spinal nociceptive transmission through pronociceptive ON cells and antinociceptive OFF cells in this area. The functional status of ON and OFF neurons play a pivotal role in pain chronification. As distinct pain modulative information converges in the RVM and affects ON and OFF cell excitability, neural circuits and transmitters correlated to RVM need to be defined for an in-depth understanding of central-mediated pain sensitivity. In this review, neural circuits including the role of the periaqueductal gray, locus coeruleus, parabrachial complex, hypothalamus, amygdala input to the RVM, and RVM output to the spinal dorsal horn are discussed. Meanwhile, the role of neurotransmitters is concluded, including serotonin, opioids, amino acids, cannabinoids, TRPV1, substance P and cholecystokinin, and their dynamic impact on both ON and OFF cell activities in modulating pain transmission. Via clarifying potential specific receptors of ON and OFF cells, more targeted therapies can be raised to generate pain relief for patients who suffer from chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxue Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingfu Jiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunchun Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Shian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Sihan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Saihong Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Po Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinghui Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yinghui Fan, ; Weifeng Yu,
| | - Weifeng Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yinghui Fan, ; Weifeng Yu,
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Gan X, Ren J, Huang T, Wu K, Li S, Duan Y, Wang Z, Si W, Wei J. Pathological α-synuclein accumulation, CSF metabolites changes and brain microstructures in cynomolgus monkeys treated with 6-hydroxydopamine. Neurotoxicology 2023; 94:172-181. [PMID: 36476940 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The lack of evidence indicating the accumulation of phosphorylated α-synuclein (P-α-syn), a neuropathological hallmark of Parkinson disease (PD), limits the application of 6-OHDA animal models. In cynomolgus monkeys received unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) injection, we identified nigrostriatal dysfunction related behavioral defects, such as the increase of PD score, decrease of locomotor activities, and exhibition of typical rotations. We found the dopaminergic neurons were significantly reduced and had fragmented morphology in substantia nigra (SN). Furthermore, insoluble P-α-syn aggregates were observed. The P-α-syn aggregates were extracellular distributed and had typical morphology of inclusion. Immunofluorescence staining showed that the P-α-syn colocalized with ubiquitin (Ub) and p62. We also found there were more actived astrocytes and microglial in SN and striatum, reflecting neuroinflammations increase in nigrostriatal pathway. At last, to determine the long-term consequence of dopamine (DA) neuron loss induced by 6-OHDA injection, the changes of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neurotransmitters over time as well as the brain microstructure alternations were examined. The dopamine-related metabolites were decreased after 6-OHDA injection reflecting dopaminergic neuron loss. The levels of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and acetylcholine (Ach) showed an increasing trend but not significant. By diffusion tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) image scans, the fractional anisotropy (FA) value in the ipsilateral SN and caudate was found to reduce, which indicated neural fiber injury. Therefore, these results suggested that α-syn pathology might participate in process of 6-OHDA injuring DA neurons, and may expand the application of 6-OHDA monkeys on investigations into the pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Jiahan Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Tianzhuang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Kunhua Wu
- Department of MRI, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650224, China
| | - Shulin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Yanchao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Zhengbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Wei Si
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
| | - Jingkuan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
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10
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Weerasinghe-Mudiyanselage PD, Kang S, Kim JS, Moon C. Therapeutic Approaches to Non-Motor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease: A Current Update on Preclinical Evidence. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:560-577. [PMID: 36200159 PMCID: PMC10207906 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666221005090126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite being classified as a movement disorder, Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by a wide range of non-motor symptoms that significantly affect the patients' quality of life. However, clear evidence-based therapy recommendations for non-motor symptoms of PD are uncommon. Animal models of PD have previously been shown to be useful for advancing the knowledge and treatment of motor symptoms. However, these models may provide insight into and assess therapies for non-motor symptoms in PD. This paper highlights non-motor symptoms in preclinical models of PD and the current position regarding preclinical therapeutic approaches for these non-motor symptoms. This information may be relevant for designing future preclinical investigations of therapies for nonmotor symptoms in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poornima D.E. Weerasinghe-Mudiyanselage
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Sohi Kang
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Joong-Sun Kim
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Changjong Moon
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
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11
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Li CJ, Zhang LG, Liu LB, An MQ, Dong LG, Gu HY, Dai YP, Wang F, Mao CJ, Liu CF. Inhibition of Spinal 5-HT3 Receptor and Spinal Dorsal Horn Neuronal Excitability Alleviates Hyperalgesia in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:7253-7264. [PMID: 36168076 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03034-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Pain in Parkinson's disease (PD) is increasingly recognized as a major factor associated with poor life quality of PD patients. However, classic therapeutic drugs supplying dopamine have limited therapeutic effects on PD-related pain. This suggests that there is a mechanism outside the dopamine system that causes pain in PD. Our previous study demonstrated that 6-OHDA induced PD model manifested hyperalgesia to thermal and mechanical stimuli and decreased serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) in the spinal dorsal horn (SDH). Several 5-HT receptor subtypes have been confirmed to be associated with nociception in the spinal cord, such as 5-HT1A receptor, 5-HT1B receptor, 5-HT2 receptor, 5-HT3 receptor, and 5-HT7 receptor. Most research has shown that 5-HT1A receptor and 5-HT3 receptor play a key role in pain transmission in the spinal cord. We hypothesized that hyperalgesia of 6-OHDA rats may be related to increased excitability of SDH neurons, and functional change of 5-HT3 receptor may reverse the hyperalgesia of 6-OHDA lesioned rats and decrease cell excitability of SDH neurons. To test this hypothesis, we used whole-cell patch-clamp and pharmacological methods to evaluate the effect of 5-HT3 receptor and 5-HT1A receptor on the hyperalgesia of 6-OHDA rats. The results suggested that increased excitability in SDH neurons could be reversed by 5-HT3 receptor antagonist ondansetron (20 μmol/L) and palosetron (10 μmol/L), but not 5-HT3 receptor agonist m-CPBG (30 μmol/L) and SR 57,727 (10 μmol/L), 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-OH DPAT (10 μmol/L) and eptapirone (10 μmol/L) and 5-HT1A receptor antagonist WAY-100635 (10 μmol/L) and p-MPPI (10 μmol/L). Intrathecal injection of ondansetron (0.1 mg/kg) but not m-CPBG (0.1 mg/kg), 8-OH DPAT (0.1 mg/kg), and WAY-100635 (0.1 mg/kg) significantly attenuated the mechanical hyperalgesia and thermal hyperalgesia in 6-OHDA lesioned rats. In conclusion, the present study suggests that inhibition of spinal 5-HT3 receptor and SDH neuronal excitability alleviates hyperalgesia in PD rats. Our study provides a novel mechanism or therapeutic strategy for pain in patients with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Jie Li
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, 215004, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li-Ge Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, 215004, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lu-Bing Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Meng-Qi An
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li-Guo Dong
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, 215004, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Han-Ying Gu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Yong-Ping Dai
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Fen Wang
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, 215004, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Cheng-Jie Mao
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, 215004, China.
| | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, 215004, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
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12
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Shen Y, Wang J, Peng J, Wu X, Chen X, Liu J, Wei M, Zou D, Han Y, Wang A, Cheng O. Abnormal connectivity model of raphe nuclei with sensory-associated cortex in Parkinson's disease with chronic pain. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:3175-3185. [PMID: 35000015 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-05864-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE There are indicates that raphe nuclei may be involved in the occurrence of chronic pain in Parkinson's disease (PD). In the study, we investigated the functional connectivity pattern of raphe nuclei in Parkinson's disease with chronic pain (PDP) to uncover its possible pathophysiology. METHODS Fifteen PDP, who suffered from pain, lasted longer than 3 months, sixteen Parkinson's disease patients with no pain (nPDP) and eighteen matched normal health controls (NCs) were recruited. All subjects completed the King's Parkinson's Pain Scale (KPPS) besides Parkinson-related scale and demographics. We performed a seed-based resting-state analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging to explore whole-brain functional connectivity of the raphe nuclei. Multiple regression model was used to explore the related factors of pain including disease duration, disease severity, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, age, sex, levodopa equivalent dose and the strength of network functional connectivity. RESULTS Compared with the nPDP, the PDP group showed stronger functional connectivity between raphe nuclei and pain-related brain regions, including parietal lobe, insular lobe, cingulum cortex and prefrontal cortex, and the functional connectivity values of those areas were significantly positively correlated with KPPS independent of the clinical variables. Compared with NCs, the combined PD groups showed decreased functional connectivity including prefrontal cortex and cingulum cortex. CONCLUSIONS Abnormal functional connectivity model of raphe nuclei may be partly involved in pathophysiological mechanism of pain in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalian Shen
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Neurology, Yubei District People's Hospital, Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Juan Peng
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiaocui Chen
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jinjin Liu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Min Wei
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Dezhi Zou
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Anran Wang
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Oumei Cheng
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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13
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Ren C, He KJ, Hu H, Zhang JB, Dong LG, Li D, Chen J, Mao CJ, Wang F, Liu CF. Induction of Parkinsonian-Like Changes via Targeted Downregulation of Astrocytic Glutamate Transporter GLT-1 in the Striatum. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2021; 12:295-314. [PMID: 34719508 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-212640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous investigations have suggested that decreased expression of glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) is involved in glutamate excitotoxicity and contribute to the development of Parkinson's disease (PD), GLT-1 is decreased in animal models of PD. GLT-1 is mainly expressed in astrocytes, and the striatum is a GLT-1-rich brain area. OBJECTIVE The aim was to explore the function and mechanism of astrocytic GLT-1 in PD-like changes. METHODS In the study, PD-like changes and their molecular mechanism in rodents were tested by a behavioral assessment, micro-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), western blotting, immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining, and high performance liquid chromatography pre-column derivatization with O-pthaldialdehida after downregulating astrocytic GLT-1 in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS In vivo, after 6 weeks of brain stereotactic injection of adeno-associated virus into the striatum, rats in the astrocytic GLT-1 knockdown group showed poorer motor performance, abnormal gait, and depression-like feature; but no olfactory disorders. The results of micro-PET/CT and western blotting indicated that the dopaminergic system was impaired in astrocytic GLT-1 knockdown rats. Similarly, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive immune-staining in neurons of astrocytic GLT-1 knockdown rats showed deficit in cell count. In vitro, knockdown of astrocytic GLT-1 via RNA interference led to morphological injury of TH-positive neurons, which may be related to the abnormal calcium signal induced by glutamate accumulation after GLT-1 knockdown. Furthermore, the GLT-1 agonist ceftriaxone showed a protective effect on TH-positive neuron impairment. CONCLUSION The present findings may shed new light on the future prevention and treatment of PD based on blocking glutamate excitotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ren
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Kai-Jie He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hua Hu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jin-Bao Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li-Guo Dong
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Neurology, Suqian First Hospital, Suqian, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Cheng-Jie Mao
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fen Wang
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Oriental Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Suqian First Hospital, Suqian, China.,Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Oriental Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, China.,Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
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14
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Scuteri D, Rombolà L, Natoli S, Pisani A, Bonsi P, Hamamura K, Bagetta G, Tonin P, Corasaniti MT. Exploitation of Thermal Sensitivity and Hyperalgesia in a Mouse Model of Dystonia. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11090985. [PMID: 34575134 PMCID: PMC8468866 DOI: 10.3390/life11090985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is characterized by mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia to heat, and it affects some 20% of European population. Patients suffering from several neurologic diseases experience neuropathic pain, often finding no relief in therapy. Transgenic mice expressing the gene encoding the human mutant (hMT) or the human wild-type (hWT) torsin A represent a preclinical model of DYT1 dystonia which is the most common form of early-onset inherited dystonia. Baseline thermal sensitivity and hyperalgesia to heat have never been studied in models of dystonia. Therefore, the aim of this research has been to characterize thermal sensitivity in baseline conditions and hyperalgesia to heat after the induction of neuropathic pain through the spinal nerve ligation (SNL) model in mice overexpressing human wild-type and mutated torsin A in comparison to non-transgenic C57BL/6 mice. According to our results, the paw withdrawal latency time to heat in the Hargreaves’ test is significantly lower in the hMT mice (Kruskal–Wallis test = 6.933; p = 0.0312*; hMT vs. hWT p = 0.0317*). On the other hand, no significant differences in SNL-induced thermal hyperalgesia was found among the three strains (Friedman test = 4.933; p = 0.1019). Future studies are needed to better understand the role of torsin A in sensory processing of heat stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiana Scuteri
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy;
- Regional Center for Serious Brain Injuries, S. Anna Institute, 88900 Crotone, Italy;
- Correspondence: (D.S.); (G.B.); Tel.: +39-0984/493462 (D.S. & G.B.)
| | - Laura Rombolà
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy;
| | - Silvia Natoli
- Department of Clinical Science and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Antonio Pisani
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.P.); (P.B.)
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Paola Bonsi
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.P.); (P.B.)
| | - Kengo Hamamura
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Fukuoka 815-8511, Japan;
| | - Giacinto Bagetta
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy;
- Correspondence: (D.S.); (G.B.); Tel.: +39-0984/493462 (D.S. & G.B.)
| | - Paolo Tonin
- Regional Center for Serious Brain Injuries, S. Anna Institute, 88900 Crotone, Italy;
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15
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Li L, Fan S, Zhang W, Li D, Yang Z, Zhuang P, Han J, Guo H, Zhang Y. Duzhong Fang Attenuates the POMC-Derived Neuroinflammation in Parkinsonian Mice. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:3261-3276. [PMID: 34326654 PMCID: PMC8315774 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s316314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation and microglia reactivity are now recognized to be features of Parkinson's disease (PD). Thus, microglia phenotype is a potential new target for developing treatments against PD. Duzhong Fang (DZF) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription. The theory of TCM argues that Duzhong Fang, nourishing yin and tonifying yang, may treat PD. However, its modern pharmacological studies and the underlying mechanisms are unclear. METHODS First, MPTP was used to establish a parkinsonian mouse model, and behavioral testing was used to evaluate the locomotor dysfunction. Then, HPLC, immunohistochemical staining, and Western blot assays were performed to evaluate the survival of dopaminergic neurons. Molecular biological and immunofluorescence staining were used to evaluate the neuroinflammation and microglial activation. In addition, RNA-seq transcriptomics was used to analyze differentially expressed genes and verify by RT-PCR. RESULTS In the present study, we first confirmed that DZF can alleviate neuroinflammation and ameliorate dyskinesia in parkinsonian mice. Then, further studies found that DZF can regulate microglial morphology and reactivity and act on the POMC gene. POMC is an upstream target for regulating inflammation and proinflammatory cytokines, and DZF can directly inhibit the POMC level and restore the homeostatic signature of microglia in parkinsonian mice. CONCLUSION This study found that POMC may have a potential role as a therapeutic target for PD. DZF may inhibit neuroinflammation and play an anti-PD effect by down-regulating the expression of POMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongna Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People’s Republic of China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengwei Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People’s Republic of China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Han
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People’s Republic of China
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16
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Bouali-Benazzouz R, Landry M, Benazzouz A, Fossat P. Neuropathic pain modeling: Focus on synaptic and ion channel mechanisms. Prog Neurobiol 2021; 201:102030. [PMID: 33711402 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Animal models of pain consist of modeling a pain-like state and measuring the consequent behavior. The first animal models of neuropathic pain (NP) were developed in rodents with a total lesion of the sciatic nerve. Later, other models targeting central or peripheral branches of nerves were developed to identify novel mechanisms that contribute to persistent pain conditions in NP. Objective assessment of pain in these different animal models represents a significant challenge for pre-clinical research. Multiple behavioral approaches are used to investigate and to validate pain phenotypes including withdrawal reflex to evoked stimuli, vocalizations, spontaneous pain, but also emotional and affective behaviors. Furthermore, animal models were very useful in investigating the mechanisms of NP. This review will focus on a detailed description of rodent models of NP and provide an overview of the assessment of the sensory and emotional components of pain. A detailed inventory will be made to examine spinal mechanisms involved in NP-induced hyperexcitability and underlying the current pharmacological approaches used in clinics with the possibility to present new avenues for future treatment. The success of pre-clinical studies in this area of research depends on the choice of the relevant model and the appropriate test based on the objectives of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Bouali-Benazzouz
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Marc Landry
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Abdelhamid Benazzouz
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pascal Fossat
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
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17
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Shi L, Lin Y, Jiao Y, Herr SA, Tang J, Rogers E, Chen Z, Shi R. Acrolein scavenger dimercaprol offers neuroprotection in an animal model of Parkinson's disease: implication of acrolein and TRPA1. Transl Neurodegener 2021; 10:13. [PMID: 33910636 PMCID: PMC8080346 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-021-00239-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms underlying lesions of dopaminergic (DA) neurons, an essential pathology of Parkinson's disease (PD), are largely unknown, although oxidative stress is recognized as a key factor. We have previously shown that the pro-oxidative aldehyde acrolein is a critical factor in PD pathology, and that acrolein scavenger hydralazine can reduce the elevated acrolein, mitigate DA neuron death, and alleviate motor deficits in a 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) rat model. As such, we hypothesize that a structurally distinct acrolein scavenger, dimercaprol (DP), can also offer neuroprotection and behavioral benefits. METHODS DP was used to lower the elevated levels of acrolein in the basal ganglia of 6-OHDA rats. The acrolein levels and related pathologies were measured by immunohistochemistry. Locomotor and behavioral effects of 6-OHDA injections and DP treatment were examined using the open field test and rotarod test. Pain was assessed using mechanical allodynia, cold hypersensitivity, and plantar tests. Finally, the effects of DP were assessed in vitro on SK-N-SH dopaminergic cells exposed to acrolein. RESULTS DP reduced acrolein and reversed the upregulation of pain-sensing transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channels in the substantia nigra, striatum, and cortex. DP also mitigated both motor and sensory deficits typical of PD. In addition, DP lowered acrolein and protected DA-like cells in vitro. Acrolein's ability to upregulate TRPA1 was also verified in vitro using cell lines. CONCLUSIONS These results further elucidated the acrolein-mediated pathogenesis and reinforced the critical role of acrolein in PD while providing strong arguments for anti-acrolein treatments as a novel and feasible strategy to combat neurodegeneration in PD. Considering the extensive involvement of acrolein in various nervous system illnesses and beyond, anti-acrolein strategies may have wide applications and broad impacts on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangqin Shi
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
- Center for Paralysis Research & Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Laboratory of Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 625014, China
| | - Yazhou Lin
- Center for Paralysis Research & Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Institute of Trauma and Orthopedics, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yucheng Jiao
- Center for Paralysis Research & Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Institute of Trauma and Orthopedics, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Seth A Herr
- Center for Paralysis Research & Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Jonathan Tang
- Center for Paralysis Research & Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University West Lafayette, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Edmond Rogers
- Center for Paralysis Research & Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University West Lafayette, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Zhengli Chen
- Laboratory of Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 625014, China.
| | - Riyi Shi
- Center for Paralysis Research & Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University West Lafayette, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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Kong E, Wang H, Wang X, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Yu W, Feng X, Sun Y, Wu F. Bilirubin Induces Pain Desensitization in Cholestasis by Activating 5-Hydroxytryptamine 3A Receptor in Spinal Cord. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:605855. [PMID: 33869168 PMCID: PMC8047141 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.605855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cholestasis patients often suffer from pain desensitization, resulting in serious complications in perioperative period. This study was aim to investigate the mechanism of bilirubin in cholestasis mediating pain desensitization through 5-hydroxytryptamine 3A (5-HT3A ) receptor activation in spinal dorsal horn (SDH). Methods A cholestasis model was established by bile duct ligation (BDL) in rats. Pain thresholds of rats were measured after BDL or intrathecally injecting bilirubin in the presence or absence of agonist (mCPBG) and antagonists (ondansetron, bicuculline, or CGP55845). Expression of 5-HT3 receptors, and the affinity and binding mode of bilirubin to 5-HT3A receptor were determined. Effects of bilirubin on γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) pathway and the interactions with 5-HT3A receptor were tested. Results Bilirubin was elevated significantly in both serum and CSF in BDL rats, accompanied with the up-regulation of pain thresholds. Both of 5-HT3A receptor and GABA A receptor antagonists could reverse the increased pain threshold in BDL rats. Further, 5-HT3A and GABA A receptor expressions were increased in BDL rats or intervention with bilirubin. Molecular docking suggested that bilirubin entered the hydrophobic pocket pre-formed in 5-HT3A receptor with potential hydrogen bonding. Bilirubin also increased GABA concentrations in CSF and GABAergic spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic current in spinal cord, and directly induced inward currents in HEK293 cells which were overexpressed 5-HT3A receptor by lentivirus. Conclusion In conclusion, bilirubin induced pain desensitization in cholestasis by activating 5-HT3A receptor in spinal cord. The activation of 5-HT3A receptor might regulate pain threshold by acting on the GABA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erliang Kong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, The 988th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongqian Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhejiang Province Zhoushan Hospital, Zhoushan, China
| | - Jinmin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weifeng Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xudong Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The 988th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuming Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feixiang Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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19
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Li Y, Su S, Yu J, Peng M, Wan S, Ke C. Electrophysiological Properties of Substantia Gelatinosa Neurons in the Preparation of a Slice of Middle-Aged Rat Spinal Cord. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:640265. [PMID: 33776744 PMCID: PMC7987937 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.640265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A patch-clamp recording in slices generated from the brain or the spinal cord has facilitated the exploration of neuronal circuits and the molecular mechanisms underlying neurological disorders. However, the rodents that are used to generate the spinal cord slices in previous studies involving a patch-clamp recording have been limited to those in the juvenile or adolescent stage. Here, we applied an N-methyl-D-glucamine HCl (NMDG-HCl) solution that enabled the patch-clamp recordings to be performed on the superficial dorsal horn neurons in the slices derived from middle-aged rats. The success rate of stable recordings from substantia gelatinosa (SG) neurons was 34.6% (90/260). When stimulated with long current pulses, 43.3% (39/90) of the neurons presented a tonic-firing pattern, which was considered to represent γ-aminobutyric acid-ergic (GABAergic) signals. Presumptive glutamatergic neurons presented 38.9% (35/90) delayed and 8.3% (7/90) single-spike patterns. The intrinsic membrane properties of both the neuron types were similar but delayed (glutamatergic) neurons appeared to be more excitable as indicated by the decreased latency and rheobase values of the action potential compared with those of tonic (GABAergic) neurons. Furthermore, the glutamatergic neurons were integrated, which receive more excitatory synaptic transmission. We demonstrated that the NMDG-HCl cutting solution could be used to prepare the spinal cord slices of middle-aged rodents for the patch-clamp recording. In combination with other techniques, this preparation method might permit the further study of the functions of the spinal cord in the pathological processes that occur in aging-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesiology & Pain (IAP), Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Shanchu Su
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesiology & Pain (IAP), Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Jiaqi Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesiology & Pain (IAP), Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Minjing Peng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesiology & Pain (IAP), Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Shengjun Wan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesiology & Pain (IAP), Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Changbin Ke
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesiology & Pain (IAP), Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
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20
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WeiWei Y, WenDi F, Mengru C, Tuo Y, Chen G. The cellular mechanism by which the rostral ventromedial medulla acts on the spinal cord during chronic pain. Rev Neurosci 2021; 32:545-558. [PMID: 33565739 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2020-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Clinical therapies for chronic pain are limited. While targeted drugs are promising therapies for chronic pain, they exhibit insufficient efficacy and poor targeting. The occurrence of chronic pain partly results from central changes caused by alterations in neurons in the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) in the brainstem regulatory pathway. The RVM, which plays a key role in the descending pain control pathway, greatly contributes to the development and maintenance of pain. However, the exact roles of the RVM in chronic pain remain unclear, making it difficult to develop new drugs targeting the RVM and related pathways. Here, we first discuss the roles of the RVM and related circuits in chronic pain. Then, we analyze synaptic transmission between RVM neurons and spinal cord neurons, specifically focusing on the release of neurotransmitters, to explore the cellular mechanisms by which the RVM regulates chronic pain. Finally, we propose some ideas for the development of drugs targeting the RVM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu WeiWei
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and the Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong226001, China
| | - Fei WenDi
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and the Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong226001, China
| | - Cui Mengru
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong226001, China
| | - Yang Tuo
- Department of Hand Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun130033, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong226001, China.,Department of Tissue and Embryology, Medical School of Nantong University, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong226001, China
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21
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Liu X, Wang G, Ai G, Xu X, Niu X, Zhang M. Selective Ablation of Descending Serotonin from the Rostral Ventromedial Medulla Unmasks Its Pro-Nociceptive Role in Chemotherapy-Induced Painful Neuropathy. J Pain Res 2020; 13:3081-3094. [PMID: 33262643 PMCID: PMC7700091 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s275254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Chemotherapy-induced painful neuropathy (CIPN) is a severe adverse effect of many anti-neoplastic drugs that is difficult to manage. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is an important neurotransmitter in the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM), which modulates descending spinal nociceptive transmission. However, the influence of the descending 5-HT from the RVM on CIPN is poorly understood. We investigated the role of 5-HT released from descending RVM neurons in a paclitaxel-induced CIPN rat model. Methods CIPN rat model was produced by intraperitoneally injecting of paclitaxel. Pain behavioral assessments included mechanical allodynia and heat hyperalgesia. 5-HT content was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to determine tryptophan hydroxylase (Tph) and c-Fos expression. The inhibitors p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) and SB203580 were administrated by stereotaxical RVM microinjection. Ondansetron was injected through intrathecal catheterization. Results The results demonstrated that Tph, the rate-limiting enzyme in 5-HT synthesis, was significantly upregulated in the RVM, and that spinal 5-HT release was increased in CIPN rats. Intra-RVM microinjection of Tph inhibitor PCPA significantly attenuated mechanical and thermal pain behavior through Tph downregulation and decreased spinal 5-HT. Intra-RVM administration of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) inhibitor SB203580 alleviated paclitaxel-induced pain in a similar manner to PCPA. Intrathecal injection of ondansetron, a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, partially reversed paclitaxel-induced pain, indicating that 5-HT3 receptors were involved in descending serotoninergic modulation of spinal pain processing. Conclusion The results suggest that activation of the p38 MAPK pathway in the RVM leads to increased RVM Tph expression and descending serotoninergic projection to the spinal dorsal horn and contributes to the persistence of CIPN via spinal 5-HT3 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xijiang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Gongming Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Geyi Ai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiqiang Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhuan Niu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, People's Republic of China
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Fan S, Yin Q, Li D, Ma J, Li L, Chai S, Guo H, Yang Z. Anti-neuroinflammatory effects of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. In a Parkinson's mouse model through the regulation of p38/JNK-Fosl2 gene expression. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 260:113016. [PMID: 32464317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Eucommia ulmoides Oliv., a Chinese medicinal herb called "Duzhong" from the bark of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv., has been shown to possess significant protective effects in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the molecular mechanism remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, we explored the anti-neuroinflammatory mechanisms of Duzhong on the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD mouse model to elucidate the traditional medical theories with modern pharmacological methods and to provide a reference for further clarifying its mechanisms of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS The representative components in Duzhong extract were identified by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. Male C57BL/6J mice were intraperitoneally injected with MPTP to establish an in vivo PD model. The pole, rotarod, and grip strength tests were performed to evaluate the motor coordination ability of the PD mice. HPLC-ECD was used to detect the striatal levels of dopamine (DA), 3,4- dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA). The expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) was studied by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blot assays. ELISA and Q-PCR were used examined the levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the serum and midbrain, respectively. Whole-transcriptome analysis of the midbrain was performed to explore the therapeutic effect of Duzhong on PD mice, and Q-PCR was then used to validate the differential gene expression changes in the PD mice treated with Duzhong. RESULTS Ten compounds were identified from Duzhong extract. Duzhong significantly alleviated the behavioral impairments and dopaminergic neuron degeneration of PD mice, and inhibited the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Whole-transcriptome analysis revealed nine oppositely regulated genes, and the Fosl2 gene was consistent with the trend of observed by RNA-seq. Furthermore, Duzhong downregulated mRNA expression of p38 and JNK, which are key upstream genes of Fosl2. CONCLUSIONS Duzhong has promising therapeutic potential in PD mice, and its molecular mechanism is mediated by downregulating p38/JNK-Fosl2 gene expression to alleviate neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Fan
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, #10 Boyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Qingsheng Yin
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, #10 Boyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Dongna Li
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, #10 Boyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, #10 Boyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Lili Li
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, #10 Boyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Shiwei Chai
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Hong Guo
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, #10 Boyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Zhen Yang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, #10 Boyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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Faivre F, Sánchez-Catalán MJ, Dovero S, Bido S, Joshi A, Bezard E, Barrot M. Ablation of the tail of the ventral tegmental area compensates symptoms in an experimental model of Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 139:104818. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Potential of animal models for advancing the understanding and treatment of pain in Parkinson's disease. NPJ PARKINSONS DISEASE 2020; 6:1. [PMID: 31934609 PMCID: PMC6944694 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-019-0104-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pain is a commonly occurring non-motor symptom of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Treatment of pain in PD remains less than optimal and a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms would facilitate discovery of improved analgesics. Animal models of PD have already proven helpful for furthering the understanding and treatment of motor symptoms of PD, but could these models offer insight into pain in PD? This review addresses the current position regarding pain in preclinical models of PD, covering the face and predictive validity of existing models and their use so far in advancing understanding of the mechanisms contributing to pain in PD. While pain itself is not usually measured in animals, nociception in the form of thermal, mechanical or chemical nociceptive thresholds offers a useful readout, given reduced nociceptive thresholds are commonly seen in PD patients. Animal models of PD including the reserpine-treated rat and neurodegenerative models such as the MPTP-treated mouse and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-treated rat each exhibit reduced nociceptive thresholds, supporting face validity of these models. Furthermore, some interventions known clinically to relieve pain in PD, such as dopaminergic therapies and deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus, restore nociceptive thresholds in one or more models, supporting their predictive validity. Mechanistic insight gained already includes involvement of central and spinal dopamine and opioid systems. Moving forward, these preclinical models should advance understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying pain in PD and provide test beds for examining the efficacy of novel analgesics to better treat this debilitating non-motor symptom.
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Li M, Zhu M, Xu Q, Ding F, Tian Y, Zhang M. Sensation of TRPV1 via 5-hydroxytryptamine signaling modulates pain hypersensitivity in a 6-hydroxydopamine induced mice model of Parkinson’s disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 521:868-873. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.10.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Campos ACP, Berzuino MB, Hernandes MS, Fonoff ET, Pagano RL. Monoaminergic regulation of nociceptive circuitry in a Parkinson's disease rat model. Exp Neurol 2019; 318:12-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Valek L, Auburger G, Tegeder I. Sensory neuropathy and nociception in rodent models of Parkinson's disease. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:12/6/dmm039396. [PMID: 31248900 PMCID: PMC6602317 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.039396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) often manifests with prodromal pain and sensory losses whose etiologies are not well understood. Multiple genetic and toxicity-based rodent models of PD partly recapitulate the histopathology and motor function deficits. Although far less studied, there is some evidence that rodents, similar to humans, develop sensory manifestations of the disease, which may precede motor disturbances and help to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of PD-associated pain at the molecular and neuron circuit levels. The present Review summarizes nociception and other sensory functions in frequently used rodent PD models within the context of the complex phenotypes. In terms of mechanisms, it appears that the acute loss of dopaminergic neurons in systemic toxicity models (MPTP, rotenone) primarily causes nociceptive hyperexcitability, presumably owing to a loss of inhibitory control, whereas genetic models primarily result in a progressive loss of heat perception, reflecting sensory fiber neuropathies. At the molecular level, neither α-synuclein deposits alone nor failure of mitophagy alone appear to be strong enough to result in axonal or synaptic pathology of nociceptive neurons that manifest at the behavioral level, and peripheral sensory loss may mask central ‘pain’ in behavioral tests. Hence, allostatic combinations or additional challenges and novel behavioral assessments are needed to better evaluate PD-associated sensory neuropathies and pain in rodents. Summary: Rodent models of Parkinson's disease partially develop prodromal somatosensory and olfactory dysfunctions reminiscent of sensory neuropathies in patients and reveal mechanistic insight, but data are incomplete and fragmented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Valek
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Hospital, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Georg Auburger
- Experimental Neurology, Goethe-University Hospital, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Irmgard Tegeder
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Hospital, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
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Domenici RA, Campos ACP, Maciel ST, Berzuino MB, Hernandes MS, Fonoff ET, Pagano RL. Parkinson's disease and pain: Modulation of nociceptive circuitry in a rat model of nigrostriatal lesion. Exp Neurol 2019; 315:72-81. [PMID: 30772369 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that causes progressive dysfunction of dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic neurons, generating motor and nonmotor signs and symptoms. Pain is reported as the most bothersome nonmotor symptom in PD; however, pain remains overlooked and poorly understood. In this study, we evaluated the nociceptive behavior and the descending analgesia circuitry in a rat model of PD. Three independent experiments were performed to investigate: i) thermal nociceptive behavior; ii) mechanical nociceptive behavior and dopaminergic repositioning; and iii) modulation of the pain control circuitry. The rat model of PD, induced by unilateral striatal 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), did not interfere with thermal nociceptive responses; however, the mechanical nociceptive threshold was decreased bilaterally compared to that of naive or striatal saline-injected rats. This response was reversed by apomorphine or levodopa treatment. Striatal 6-OHDA induced motor impairments and reduced dopaminergic neuron immunolabeling as well as the pattern of neuronal activation (c-Fos) in the substantia nigra ipsilateral (IPL) to the lesion. In the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG), 6-OHDA-induced lesion increased IPL and decreased contralateral PAG GABAergic labeling compared to control. In the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, lesioned rats showed bilateral inhibition of enkephalin and μ-opioid receptor labeling. Taken together, we demonstrated that the unilateral 6-OHDA-induced PD model induces bilateral mechanical hypernociception, which is reversed by dopamine restoration, changes in the PAG circuitry, and inhibition of spinal opioidergic regulation, probably due to impaired descending analgesic control. A better understanding of pain mechanisms in PD patients is critical for developing better therapeutic strategies to improve their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta A Domenici
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Soraya T Maciel
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Miriã B Berzuino
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina S Hernandes
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Erich T Fonoff
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Division of Functional Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosana L Pagano
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Faivre F, Joshi A, Bezard E, Barrot M. The hidden side of Parkinson’s disease: Studying pain, anxiety and depression in animal models. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 96:335-352. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Nascimento GC, Bariotto-dos-Santos K, Leite-Panissi CRA, Del-Bel EA, Bortolanza M. Nociceptive Response to l-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia in Hemiparkinsonian Rats. Neurotox Res 2018; 34:799-807. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-018-9896-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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