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Kong X, Brook CA, Zhong J, Liu J, Schmidt LA. Sociability across Eastern-Western cultures: Is it the same underlying construct? Scand J Psychol 2024. [PMID: 38981853 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.13053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we examined cross-cultural differences in sociability, a core personality facet of the higher order extraversion trait, which has been reported at lower levels in Eastern versus Western cultures several decades ago. Up until now, however, East-West cultural comparisons on the Western-defined construct of sociability have been limited, despite the extensive research published on extraversion indicating that this personality dimension is globally relevant across cultures. Following current practices, we first assessed for measurement invariance (MI) on the Cheek and Buss sociability scale between Chinese (n = 816, 47.2% male, M = 18.51 years, SD = 1.26 years) and Canadian (n = 995, 30.8% male, M = 19.62 years, SD = 1.25 years) young adult samples to ensure any comparisons would be valid and meaningful. Results from a multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (exact invariance) showed that there was measurement non-invariance at the scalar level in the sociability construct across country and country by sex, and the newer alignment method (approximate invariance) confirmed these results, suggesting that mean level comparisons of sociability were biased and noninformative. Our findings indicated that although a few of the higher-level personality dimensions such as extraversion are considered universal, the facets underlying their meaning, like sociability, are not as clearly delineated between cultures. Alongside the present-day pursuit of understanding personality across cultures through an indigenous measurement lens in tandem with the notion of universality, researchers should also consider narrowing their focus onto lower-level facets, each of which is likely to be uniquely embedded into a cultural context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Kong
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Christina A Brook
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jiayi Zhong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junsheng Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Louis A Schmidt
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Allik J, Realo A, McCrae RR. Conceptual and methodological issues in the study of the personality-and-culture relationship. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1077851. [PMID: 37057156 PMCID: PMC10088870 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1077851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Culture-and-personality studies were central to social science in the early 20th century and have recently been revived (as personality-and-culture studies) by trait and cross-cultural psychologists. In this article we comment on conceptual issues, including the nature of traits and the nature of the personality-and-culture relationship, and we describe methodological challenges in understanding associations between features of culture and aspects of personality. We give an overview of research hypothesizing the shaping of personality traits by culture, reviewing studies of indigenous traits, acculturation and sojourner effects, birth cohorts, social role changes, and ideological interventions. We also consider the possibility that aggregate traits affect culture, through psychological means and gene flow. In all these cases we highlight alternative explanations and the need for designs and analyses that strengthen the interpretation of observations. We offer a set of testable hypotheses based on the premises that personality is adequately described by Five-Factor Theory, and that observed differences in aggregate personality traits across cultures are veridical. It is clear that culture has dramatic effects on the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors from which we infer traits, but it is not yet clear whether, how, and in what degree culture shapes traits themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jüri Allik
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- *Correspondence: Jüri Allik,
| | - Anu Realo
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
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Kao PY, Chen MH, Chang WA, Pan ML, Shu WD, Jong YJ, Huang HD, Wang CY, Chu HY, Pan CT, Liu YL, Lin YS. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of the personality constructs in CPAI-2 in Taiwanese Hakka populations. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281903. [PMID: 36800362 PMCID: PMC9937499 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Here in this study we adopted genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to investigate the genetic components of the personality constructs in the Chinese Personality Assessment Inventory 2 (CPAI-2) in Taiwanese Hakka populations, who are likely the descendants of a recent admixture between a group of Chinese immigrants with high emigration intention and a group of the Taiwanese aboriginal population generally without it. A total of 279 qualified participants were examined and genotyped by an Illumina array with 547,644 SNPs to perform the GWAS. Although our sample size is small and that unavoidably limits our statistical power (Type 2 error but not Type 1 error), we still found three genomic regions showing strong association with Enterprise, Diversity, and Logical vs. Affective Orientation, respectively. Multiple genes around the identified regions were reported to be nervous system related, which suggests that genetic variants underlying the certain personalities should indeed exist in the nearby areas. It is likely that the recent immigration and admixture history of the Taiwanese Hakka people created strong linkage disequilibrium between the emigration intention-related genetic variants and their neighboring genetic markers, so that we could identify them despite with only limited statistical power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ying Kao
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hui Chen
- Department of Hakka Language and Social Science, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-An Chang
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Lin Pan
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Der Shu
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Jyh Jong
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Departments of Pediatrics and Laboratory Medicine, KMU Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Da Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yan Wang
- Institute of Education, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Yan Chu
- Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Tsung Pan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Lan Liu
- Institute of Education, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (YLL); (YSL)
| | - Yeong-Shin Lin
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (YLL); (YSL)
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Abstract
Values play an outsized role in the visions, critiques, and discussions of politics, religion, education, and family life. Despite all the attention values receive in everyday discourse, their systematic study took hold in mainstream psychology only in the 1990s. This review discusses the nature of values and presents the main contemporary value theories, focusing on the theory of basic personal values. We review evidence for the content and the structure of conflict and compatibility among values found across cultures. We discuss the assumptions underlying the many instruments developed to measure values. We then consider the origins of value priorities and their stability or change over time. The remainder of the review presents the evidence for the ways personal values relate to personality traits, subjective well-being, and the implications of value differences for religiosity, prejudice, pro- and antisocial behavior, political and environmental behavior, and creativity, concluding with a discussion of mechanisms that link values to behavior. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Psychology, Volume 73 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilach Sagiv
- Jerusalem Business School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91905, Israel
| | - Shalom H Schwartz
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91905, Israel
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Götz FM, Gosling SD, Rentfrow PJ. Small Effects: The Indispensable Foundation for a Cumulative Psychological Science. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2021; 17:205-215. [PMID: 34213378 DOI: 10.1177/1745691620984483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We draw on genetics research to argue that complex psychological phenomena are most likely determined by a multitude of causes and that any individual cause is likely to have only a small effect. Building on this, we highlight the dangers of a publication culture that continues to demand large effects. First, it rewards inflated effects that are unlikely to be real and encourages practices likely to yield such effects. Second, it overlooks the small effects that are most likely to be real, hindering attempts to identify and understand the actual determinants of complex psychological phenomena. We then explain the theoretical and practical relevance of small effects, which can have substantial consequences, especially when considered at scale and over time. Finally, we suggest ways in which scholars can harness these insights to advance research and practices in psychology (i.e., leveraging the power of big data, machine learning, and crowdsourcing science; promoting rigorous preregistration, including prespecifying the smallest effect size of interest; contextualizing effects; changing cultural norms to reward accurate and meaningful effects rather than exaggerated and unreliable effects). Only once small effects are accepted as the norm, rather than the exception, can a reliable and reproducible cumulative psychological science be built.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich M Götz
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge.,Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia
| | - Samuel D Gosling
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin.,Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne
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Senzaki S, Shimizu Y, Calma-Birling D. The development of temperament and maternal perception of child: A cross-cultural examination in the United States and Japan. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021; 170:110407. [PMID: 33281256 PMCID: PMC7717517 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Previous research shows cross-cultural differences in adult personality and child temperament, yet the developmental origin of these cultural differences remains unclear. To understand a potential role of socialization grounded in cultural values, this study investigated culturally specific maternal perceptions of child and children's development of temperament in the U.S. and Japan. Maternal perception of child was assessed via maternal interview in the U.S. (n = 42) and Japan (n = 40). Six months after the interview, child's temperament was assessed. Cross-cultural differences in maternal perception of child and child's temperament, and the relation between the two were analyzed. US-American infants scored higher on the surgency/extraversion trait than Japanese infants, whereas Japanese infants scored higher on the negative affectivity/neuroticism trait than US-American infants. US-American mothers used more positive evaluation and private/autonomy descriptions of their infants, whereas Japanese mothers used more negative evaluation and context-specific descriptions of their infants by making references to other people, time, or location. Child's negative affectivity trait was closely related to maternal perception of child's social/context characteristics and negative evaluations. The findings provide support for the socio-cultural framework of temperament development and suggest an important consideration of cultural factors when designing educational and parenting programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawa Senzaki
- University of Wisconsin-Green Bay, Department of Psychology, 2420 Nicolet Drive MAC C315, Green Bay, WI 54311, USA
| | - Yuki Shimizu
- Saitama University, Faculty of Education, Saitama, Saitama Prefecture 338-8570, Japan
| | - Destany Calma-Birling
- University of Minnesota, Institute of Child Development, 51 E River Parkway, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Mõttus R, Allik J, Realo A, Pullmann H, Rossier J, Zecca G, Ah–Kion J, Amoussou–Yéyé D, Bäckström M, Barkauskiene R, Barry O, Bhowon U, Björklund F, Bochaver A, Bochaver K, de Bruin GP, Cabrera HF, Chen SX, Church AT, Cissé DD, Dahourou D, Feng X, Guan Y, Hwang H, Idris F, Katigbak MS, Kuppens P, Kwiatkowska A, Laurinavicius A, Mastor KA, Matsumoto D, Riemann R, Schug J, Simpson B, Ng Tseung C. Comparability of Self–Reported Conscientiousness across 21 Countries. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/per.840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In cross–national studies, mean levels of self–reported phenomena are often not congruent with more objective criteria. One prominent explanation for such findings is that people make self–report judgements in relation to culture–specific standards (often called the reference group effect), thereby undermining the cross–cultural comparability of the judgements. We employed a simple method called anchoring vignettes in order to test whether people from 21 different countries have varying standards for Conscientiousness, a Big Five personality trait that has repeatedly shown unexpected nation–level relationships with external criteria. Participants rated their own Conscientiousness and that of 30 hypothetical persons portrayed in short vignettes. The latter type of ratings was expected to reveal individual differences in standards of Conscientiousness. The vignettes were rated relatively similarly in all countries, suggesting no substantial culture–related differences in standards for Conscientiousness. Controlling for the small differences in standards did not substantially change the rankings of countries on mean self–ratings or the predictive validities of these rankings for objective criteria. These findings are not consistent with mean self–rated Conscientiousness scores being influenced by culture–specific standards. The technique of anchoring vignettes can be used in various types of studies to assess the potentially confounding effects of reference levels. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Mõttus
- University of Tartu, Estonia
- University of Edinburgh, Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, UK
| | - Jüri Allik
- University of Tartu, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Estonia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Peter Kuppens
- University of Melbourne, Australia
- University of Leuven, Belgium
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Rossier J, Aluja A, Blanch A, Barry O, Hansenne M, Carvalho AF, Valdivia M, Wang W, Desrichard O, Hyphantis T, Suranyi Z, Glicksohn J, De Pascalis V, León–Mayer E, Piskunov A, Stivers A, Morizot J, Ostendorf F, Čekrlija Đ, Bellaj T, Markiewicz D, Motevalian A, Karagonlar G. Cross–cultural Generalizability of the Alternative Five–factor Model Using the Zuckerman–Kuhlman–Aluja Personality Questionnaire. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/per.2045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Several personality models are known for being replicable across cultures, such as the Five–Factor Model (FFM) or Eysenck's Psychoticism–Extraversion–Neuroticism (PEN) model, and are for this reason considered universal. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the cross–cultural replicability of the recently revised Alternative FFM (AFFM). A total of 15 048 participants from 23 cultures completed the Zuckerman–Kuhlman–Aluja Personality Questionnaire (ZKA–PQ) aimed at assessing personality according to this revised AFFM. Internal consistencies, gender differences and correlations with age were similar across cultures for all five factors and facet scales. The AFFM structure was very similar across samples and can be considered as highly replicable with total congruence coefficients ranging from .94 to .99. Measurement invariance across cultures was assessed using multi–group confirmatory factor analyses, and each higher–order personality factor did reach configural and metric invariance. Scalar invariance was never reached, which implies that culture–specific norms should be considered. The underlying structure of the ZKA–PQ replicates well across cultures, suggesting that this questionnaire can be used in a large diversity of cultures and that the AFFM might be as universal as the FFM or the PEN model. This suggests that more research is needed to identify and define an integrative framework underlying these personality models. Copyright © 2016 European Association of Personality Psychology
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anton Aluja
- University of Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
- Catalonia is a nation with its own culture and language located in Spain
| | - Angel Blanch
- University of Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
- Catalonia is a nation with its own culture and language located in Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Wei Wang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Aleksei Piskunov
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russia
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9
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Church AT. Personality traits across cultures. Curr Opin Psychol 2015; 8:22-30. [PMID: 29506798 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Current questions in the study of personality traits across cultures include (a) the universality versus cultural uniqueness of trait structure, (b) cultural differences in trait levels, (c) the consistency and validity of traits and their measures across cultures, and (d) the evolutionary, ecological, and cultural contexts of personality. Although the Five Factor Model (FFM) of personality continues to find cross-cultural support, new research suggests that the model may be difficult to replicate in less educated or preliterate groups and that indigenous social-relational concepts may be distinguishable from the FFM in some cultures. In lexical studies, two or three broad dimensions may replicate better across cultures than alternative models. Substantial evidence suggests that mean trait profiles of cultures may be reasonably accurate. Nonetheless, research on response styles and measurement invariance raises questions about cross-cultural trait comparisons. Findings regarding cultural differences in trait-related consistency and validity are mixed. Researchers are offering innovative theory and research on the evolutionary, ecological, and cultural contexts of personality.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Timothy Church
- Department of Educational Leadership, Sport Studies, and Educational/Counseling Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-2136, United States.
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A culture-sensitive approach in the development of the Career Adapt-Abilities Scale in Iceland: Theoretical and operational considerations. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL BEHAVIOR 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Van Meter AR, Youngstrom EA. A tale of two diatheses: Temperament, BIS, and BAS as risk factors for mood disorder. J Affect Disord 2015; 180:170-8. [PMID: 25913803 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Learning more about how biological traits, like temperament and sensitivity in the behavioral inhibition (BIS) and behavioral activation (BAS) systems, relate to mood pathology is consistent with the Research Domain Criteria initiative׳s goal of investigating mechanisms of risk. METHOD Korean young adults (n=128) and American young adults (n=630, of whom 23 has recent treatment for bipolar disorder, and 21for depression) completed self-report questionnaires, including the TEMPS-A, the BIS/BAS scales, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Hypomanic Checklist (HCL-32). Linear regression quantified relations between mood symptoms, sample characteristics, temperament, and BIS/BAS. RESULTS Temperament styles explained 49% of the variance in BDI scores. BIS explained an additional 1% of the variance in BDI scores. BAS Fun and Reward (p<.01), in addition to cyclothymic and hyperthymic temperaments (p<.001) explained 21% of the variance in HCL-32 scores. Sample characteristics were not significant predictors in the full model. LIMITATIONS Differences in sample size, the cross-sectional study design, and lack of collateral report or behavioral measures of constructs are limitations. CONCLUSIONS Affective temperament and BIS/BAS are complementary but distinct constructs. Affective temperament, particularly cyclothymic, may represent a stronger diathesis for mood pathology, and seems potent irrespective of culture or diagnosis. Assessing temperament may help overcome some challenges in diagnosing mood disorders.
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Guillaume E, Baranski E, Todd E, Bastian B, Bronin I, Ivanova C, Cheng JT, de Kock FS, Denissen JJA, Gallardo-Pujol D, Halama P, Han GQ, Bae J, Moon J, Hong RY, Hřebíčková M, Graf S, Izdebski P, Lundmann L, Penke L, Perugini M, Costantini G, Rauthmann J, Ziegler M, Realo A, Elme L, Sato T, Kawamoto S, Szarota P, Tracy JL, van Aken MAG, Yang Y, Funder DC. The World at 7:00: Comparing the Experience of Situations Across 20 Countries. J Pers 2015; 84:493-509. [DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2014] [Revised: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yu Yang
- China Europe International Business School
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Ho CL, Welbourne JL, Howard PJ. Personality Assessment in the Workplace. JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/0022022114537553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Evidence for an indigenous Interpersonal Relatedness (IR) personality trait that is distinct from the Big Five personality taxonomy has been demonstrated in Chinese culture; however, research has not yet established whether this construct is specific to the Chinese culture or whether it is more universal. The current research extended this personality construct to a workplace context and examined the relevance of the Workplace IR trait within Taiwanese ( n = 573) and U.S. ( n = 155) employees. Results indicated that in both cultural groups the Workplace IR construct emerged and was not subsumed within the workplace Big Five domains; however, the content of the Workplace IR construct varied slightly between Taiwanese and U.S. employees. These findings suggest that this purported indigenous Chinese personality trait has potential relevance for working adults in Western as well as Eastern cultures.
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Atik G, Yalçin Y. Help-Seeking Attitudes of University Students: The Role of Personality Traits and Demographic Factors. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/008124631104100307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The current study examined the influences of personality traits, gender, previous counseling or therapy experiences, and knowledge about the psychological services provided on campus on the help-seeking attitudes of Turkish undergraduate students and their initial preferences for help sources. The students ( N = 524) completed measures of attitudes toward help-seeking, personality traits, and demographic factors. Hierarchical linear regression indicated that the females, those who had knowledge about the psychological services provided on campus, and those who were extraverted, agreeable, and open had more positive help-seeking attitudes. Most of the students initially preferred sharing their problems/concerns with their peers. The findings are discussed in light of the relevant literature and were used to draw some implications for university counseling centres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökhan Atik
- Program of Guidance and Psychological Counseling, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ylhan Yalçin
- Program of Guidance and Psychological Counseling, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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