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Amir D, Melnikoff D, Warneken F, Blake PR, Corbit J, Callaghan TC, Barry O, Bowie A, Kleutsch L, Kramer KL, Ross E, Vongsachang H, Wrangham R, McAuliffe K. Computational signatures of inequity aversion in children across seven societies. J Exp Psychol Gen 2023; 152:2882-2896. [PMID: 37155284 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
[Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported online in Journal of Experimental Psychology: General on Aug 10 2023 (see record 2023-96713-001). In the original article, there were affiliation errors for the first and 14th authors. The affiliations for Dorsa Amir are Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley; and Department of Psychology, Boston College. The affiliation for Katherine McAuliffe is Department of Psychology, Boston College. All versions of this article have been corrected.] Inequity aversion is an important factor in fairness behavior. Previous work suggests that children show more cross-cultural variation in their willingness to reject allocations that would give them more rewards than their partner-advantageous inequity-as opposed to allocations that would give them less than their partner-disadvantageous inequity. However, as past work has relied solely on children's decisions to accept or reject these offers, the algorithms underlying this pattern of variation remain unclear. Here, we explore the computational signatures of inequity aversion by applying a computational model of decision-making to data from children (N = 807) who played the Inequity Game across seven societies. Specifically, we used drift-diffusion models to formally distinguish evaluative processing (i.e., the computation of the subjective value of accepting or rejecting inequity) from alternative factors such as decision speed and response strategies. Our results suggest that variation in the development of inequity aversion across societies is best accounted for by variation in the drift rate-the direction and strength of the evaluative preference. Our findings underscore the utility of looking beyond decision data to better understand behavioral diversity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorsa Amir
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley
| | | | | | - Peter R Blake
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University
| | - John Corbit
- Department of Psychology, Dalhousie University
| | | | - Oumar Barry
- Faculty of Science and Technology for Education and Training, University of Cheikh Anta Diop
| | - Aleah Bowie
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University
| | | | | | - Elizabeth Ross
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University
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Tanjitpiyanond P, Jetten J, Peters K, Ashokkumar A, Barry O, Billet M, Becker M, Booth RW, Castro D, Chinchilla J, Costantini G, Dejonckheere E, Dimdins G, Erbas Y, Espinosa A, Finchilescu G, Gómez Á, González R, Goto N, Hatano A, Hartwich L, Jarukasemthawee S, Karunagharan JK, Novak LM, Kim JP, Kohút M, Liu Y, Loughnan S, Onyishi IE, Onyishi CN, Varela M, Pattara‐angkoon IS, Peker M, Pisitsungkagarn K, Rizwan M, Suh EM, Swann W, Tong EMW, Turner RN, Vanhasbroeck N, Van Lange PAM, Vauclair C, Vinogradov A, Wacera G, Wang Z, Wibisono S, Yeung VW. A 32‐society investigation of the influence of perceived economic inequality on social class stereotyping. Euro J Social Psych 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Hornsey MJ, Pearson S, Kang J, Sassenberg K, Jetten J, Van Lange PAM, Medina LG, Amiot CE, Ausmees L, Baguma P, Barry O, Becker M, Bilewicz M, Castelain T, Costantini G, Dimdins G, Espinosa A, Finchilescu G, Friese M, González R, Goto N, Gómez Á, Halama P, Ilustrisimo R, Jiga‐Boy GM, Karl J, Kuppens P, Loughnan S, Markovikj M, Mastor KA, McLatchie N, Novak LM, Onyekachi BN, Peker M, Rizwan M, Schaller M, Suh EM, Talaifar S, Tong EMW, Torres A, Turner RN, Vauclair C, Vinogradov A, Wang Z, Yeung VWL, Bastian B. Multinational data show that conspiracy beliefs are associated with the perception (and reality) of poor national economic performance. Euro J Social Psych 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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4
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Pick CM, Ko A, Wormley AS, Wiezel A, Kenrick DT, Al-Shawaf L, Barry O, Bereby-Meyer Y, Boonyasiriwat W, Brandstätter E, Crispim AC, Cruz JE, David D, David OA, Defelipe RP, Elmas P, Espinosa A, Fernandez AM, Fetvadjiev VH, Fetvadjieva S, Fischer R, Galdi S, Galindo-Caballero OJ, Golovina GM, Gomez-Jacinto L, Graf S, Grossmann I, Gul P, Halama P, Hamamura T, Hansson LS, Hitokoto H, Hřebíčková M, Ilic D, Johnson JL, Kara-Yakoubian M, Karl JA, Kohút M, Lasselin J, Li NP, Mafra AL, Malanchuk O, Moran S, Murata A, Ndiaye SAL, O J, Onyishi IE, Pasay-An E, Rizwan M, Roth E, Salgado S, Samoylenko ES, Savchenko TN, Sevincer AT, Skoog E, Stanciu A, Suh EM, Sznycer D, Talhelm T, Ugwu FO, Uskul AK, Uz I, Valentova JV, Varella MAC, Zambrano D, Varnum MEW. Family still matters: Human social motivation across 42 countries during a global pandemic. EVOL HUM BEHAV 2022; 43:527-535. [PMID: 36217369 PMCID: PMC9534541 DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused drastic social changes for many people, including separation from friends and coworkers, enforced close contact with family, and reductions in mobility. Here we assess the extent to which people's evolutionarily-relevant basic motivations and goals—fundamental social motives such as Affiliation and Kin Care—might have been affected. To address this question, we gathered data on fundamental social motives in 42 countries (N = 15,915) across two waves, including 19 countries (N = 10,907) for which data were gathered both before and during the pandemic (pre-pandemic wave: 32 countries, N = 8998; 3302 male, 5585 female; Mage = 24.43, SD = 7.91; mid-pandemic wave: 29 countries, N = 6917; 2249 male, 4218 female; Mage = 28.59, SD = 11.31). Samples include data collected online (e.g., Prolific, MTurk), at universities, and via community sampling. We found that Disease Avoidance motivation was substantially higher during the pandemic, and that most of the other fundamental social motives showed small, yet significant, differences across waves. Most sensibly, concern with caring for one's children was higher during the pandemic, and concerns with Mate Seeking and Status were lower. Earlier findings showing the prioritization of family motives over mating motives (and even over Disease Avoidance motives) were replicated during the pandemic. Finally, well-being remained positively associated with family-related motives and negatively associated with mating motives during the pandemic, as in the pre-pandemic samples. Our results provide further evidence for the robust primacy of family-related motivations even during this unique disruption of social life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cari M Pick
- Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America
| | - Ahra Ko
- Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America
| | | | - Adi Wiezel
- Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America
| | | | - Laith Al-Shawaf
- University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO, United States of America
| | - Oumar Barry
- University Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar (UCAD), Senegal
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ronald Fischer
- Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand.,Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa e Ensino, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pelin Gul
- University of Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Lina S Hansson
- Stockholm University, Sweden.,Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.,Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Julie Lasselin
- Stockholm University, Sweden.,Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.,Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jiaqing O
- Aberystwyth University, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Eric Roth
- Universidad Católica Boliviana, Bolivia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Adrian Stanciu
- Gesis-Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences, Germany
| | | | | | - Thomas Talhelm
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Fabian O Ugwu
- Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Nigeria
| | | | - Irem Uz
- TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Turkey
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5
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Pick CM, Ko A, Kenrick DT, Wiezel A, Wormley AS, Awad E, Al-Shawaf L, Barry O, Bereby-Meyer Y, Boonyasiriwat W, Brandstätter E, Ceylan-Batur S, Choy BKC, Crispim AC, Cruz JE, David D, David OA, Defelipe RP, Elmas P, Espinosa A, Fernandez AM, Fetvadjiev VH, Fetvadjieva S, Fischer R, Galdi S, Galindo-Caballero OJ, Golovina EV, Golovina GM, Gomez-Jacinto L, Graf S, Grossmann I, Gul P, Halama P, Hamamura T, Han S, Hansson LS, Hitokoto H, Hřebíčková M, Ilic D, Johnson JL, Kara-Yakoubian M, Karl JA, Kim JP, Kohút M, Lasselin J, Lee H, Li NP, Mafra AL, Malanchuk O, Moran S, Murata A, Na J, Ndiaye SAL, O J, Onyishi IE, Pasay-An E, Rizwan M, Roth E, Salgado S, Samoylenko ES, Savchenko TN, Sette C, Sevincer AT, Skoog E, Stanciu A, Suh EM, Sznycer D, Talhelm T, Ugwu FO, Uskul AK, Uz I, Valentova JV, Varella MAC, Wei L, Zambrano D, Varnum MEW. Publisher Correction: Fundamental social motives measured across forty-two cultures in two waves. Sci Data 2022; 9:575. [PMID: 36127335 PMCID: PMC9489715 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01672-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cari M Pick
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA. .,Office of the Chief Scientist, Environmental Defense Fund, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
| | - Ahra Ko
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Douglas T Kenrick
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Adi Wiezel
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | | | - Edmond Awad
- Department of Economics, University of Exeter Business School, Exeter EX4 4PU, England, UK
| | - Laith Al-Shawaf
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Oumar Barry
- Department of Psychology, University Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar (UCAD), Dakar, 10700, Senegal
| | - Yoella Bereby-Meyer
- Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | | | - Eduard Brandstätter
- Department of Economic Psychology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Suzan Ceylan-Batur
- Department of Psychology, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, 06510, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bryan K C Choy
- School of Social Sciences, Singapore Management University, Singapore, 188065, Singapore
| | | | - Julio Eduardo Cruz
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Daniel David
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, 400347, Romania
| | - Oana A David
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, 400347, Romania
| | - Renata Pereira Defelipe
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Pinar Elmas
- Department of Psychology, Adnan Menderes University, 09010, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Agustín Espinosa
- Grupo de Psicología Política y Social (GPPS), Departamento de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, San Miguel, 15088, Lima, Peru
| | - Ana Maria Fernandez
- School of Psychology, University of Santiago, Santiago, Estación Central, Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - Velichko H Fetvadjiev
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WS, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,WorkWell Research Unit, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | | | - Ronald Fischer
- School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand.,Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa e Ensino, Rio de Janeiro, 22281-100, Brazil
| | - Silvia Galdi
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Oscar Javier Galindo-Caballero
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia.,Faculty of Education, Human and Social Sciences, Universidad Manuela Beltran, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Elena V Golovina
- Institute of Psychology Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, 129366, Russia
| | - Galina M Golovina
- Institute of Psychology Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, 129366, Russia
| | - Luis Gomez-Jacinto
- Department of Social Psychology, Social Work and Social Anthropology, University of Málaga, 29016, Málaga, Spain
| | - Sylvie Graf
- Institute of Psychology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 110 00, Nové Město, Prague, Czechia
| | - Igor Grossmann
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Pelin Gul
- Department of Sustainable Health (Campus Fryslân), University of Groningen, 8911CE, Leeuwarden, Netherlands
| | - Peter Halama
- Center of Social and Psychological Sciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Takeshi Hamamura
- School of Psychology, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Perth, Australia
| | - Shihui Han
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Lina S Hansson
- Stress Research Institute, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Solna, Sweden.,Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, ME Neuroradiologi, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, 171 77, Solna, Sweden
| | - Hidefumi Hitokoto
- School & Graduate School of Humanities, Kwansei Gakuin University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 662-8501, Japan
| | - Martina Hřebíčková
- Institute of Psychology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 110 00, Nové Město, Prague, Czechia
| | - Darinka Ilic
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Niš, Niš, 18000, Serbia
| | - Jennifer Lee Johnson
- Department of Community Sustainability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Mane Kara-Yakoubian
- Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Johannes A Karl
- School of Psychology, Dublin City University, Dublin, 9, Ireland
| | - Jinseok P Kim
- Department of Psychology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Michal Kohút
- Faculty of Philosophy and Arts, University of Trnava, 917 01, Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Julie Lasselin
- Stress Research Institute, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Solna, Sweden.,Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, ME Neuroradiologi, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, 171 77, Solna, Sweden
| | - Hwaryung Lee
- Department of Psychology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Norman P Li
- School of Social Sciences, Singapore Management University, Singapore, 188065, Singapore
| | - Anthonieta Looman Mafra
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Oksana Malanchuk
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
| | - Simone Moran
- Department of Management, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Asuka Murata
- Graduate School of Letters, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Jinkyung Na
- Department of Psychology, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, South Korea
| | | | - Jiaqing O
- Department of Psychology, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3UX, Wales, UK
| | - Ike E Onyishi
- Department of Psychology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | | | - Muhammed Rizwan
- Department of Psychology, University of Haripur, Haripur, 22620, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Eric Roth
- Experimental Research Unit (ERU), Department of Psychology, Universidad Católica Boliviana, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Sergio Salgado
- Department of Management and Economics, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Araucanía, Chile
| | - Elena S Samoylenko
- Institute of Psychology Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, 129366, Russia
| | | | - Catarina Sette
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-030, Brazil
| | - A Timur Sevincer
- Department of Psychology, University of Hamburg, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eric Skoog
- Department of Peace and Conflict Research, Uppsala University, 753 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Adrian Stanciu
- Department of Monitoring Society and Social Change, Gesis-Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences, 68072, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Eunkook M Suh
- Department of Psychology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Daniel Sznycer
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Thomas Talhelm
- Behavioral Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Fabian O Ugwu
- Department of Psychology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Ayse K Uskul
- School of Psychology, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NP, UK
| | - Irem Uz
- Department of Psychology, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, 06510, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Jaroslava Varella Valentova
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Correa Varella
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Liuqing Wei
- Department of Education, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430061, China
| | - Danilo Zambrano
- Department of Psychology, Fundación Universitaria Konrad Lorenz, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Michael E W Varnum
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.
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6
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Pick CM, Ko A, Kenrick DT, Wiezel A, Wormley AS, Awad E, Al-Shawaf L, Barry O, Bereby-Meyer Y, Boonyasiriwat W, Brandstätter E, Ceylan-Batur S, Choy BKC, Crispim AC, Cruz JE, David D, David OA, Defelipe RP, Elmas P, Espinosa A, Fernandez AM, Fetvadjiev VH, Fetvadjieva S, Fischer R, Galdi S, Galindo-Caballero OJ, Golovina EV, Golovina GM, Gomez-Jacinto L, Graf S, Grossmann I, Gul P, Halama P, Hamamura T, Han S, Hansson LS, Hitokoto H, Hřebíčková M, Ilic D, Johnson JL, Kara-Yakoubian M, Karl JA, Kim JP, Kohút M, Lasselin J, Lee H, Li NP, Mafra AL, Malanchuk O, Moran S, Murata A, Na J, Ndiaye SAL, O J, Onyishi IE, Pasay-An E, Rizwan M, Roth E, Salgado S, Samoylenko ES, Savchenko TN, Sette C, Sevincer AT, Skoog E, Stanciu A, Suh EM, Sznycer D, Talhelm T, Ugwu FO, Uskul AK, Uz I, Valentova JV, Varella MAC, Wei L, Zambrano D, Varnum MEW. Fundamental social motives measured across forty-two cultures in two waves. Sci Data 2022; 9:499. [PMID: 35974021 PMCID: PMC9380674 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01579-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
How does psychology vary across human societies? The fundamental social motives framework adopts an evolutionary approach to capture the broad range of human social goals within a taxonomy of ancestrally recurring threats and opportunities. These motives—self-protection, disease avoidance, affiliation, status, mate acquisition, mate retention, and kin care—are high in fitness relevance and everyday salience, yet understudied cross-culturally. Here, we gathered data on these motives in 42 countries (N = 15,915) in two cross-sectional waves, including 19 countries (N = 10,907) for which data were gathered in both waves. Wave 1 was collected from mid-2016 through late 2019 (32 countries, N = 8,998; 3,302 male, 5,585 female; Mage = 24.43, SD = 7.91). Wave 2 was collected from April through November 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic (29 countries, N = 6,917; 2,249 male, 4,218 female; Mage = 28.59, SD = 11.31). These data can be used to assess differences and similarities in people’s fundamental social motives both across and within cultures, at different time points, and in relation to other commonly studied cultural indicators and outcomes. Measurement(s) | Motivation • Emotional Well-being • Socioeconomic Indicator • Culture • Cultural Diversity | Technology Type(s) | survey method • digital curation | Sample Characteristic - Organism | Homo sapiens | Sample Characteristic - Location | Australia • Austria • Bolivia • Brazil • Bulgaria • Canada • Chile • China • Colombia • Czech Republic • Germany • Hong Kong • India • Israel • Italy • Japan • Kenya • Lebanon • Mexico • The Netherlands • New Zealand • Nigeria • Pakistan • Peru • The Philippines • Portuguese Republic • Romania • Russia • Saudi Arabia • Senegal • Serbia • Singapore • Slovak Republic • South Korea • Spain • Sweden • Thailand • Turkey • Uganda • Ukraine • United Kingdom • United States of America |
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Affiliation(s)
- Cari M Pick
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA. .,Office of the Chief Scientist, Environmental Defense Fund, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
| | - Ahra Ko
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Douglas T Kenrick
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Adi Wiezel
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | | | - Edmond Awad
- Department of Economics, University of Exeter Business School, Exeter EX4 4PU, England, UK
| | - Laith Al-Shawaf
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Oumar Barry
- Department of Psychology, University Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar (UCAD), Dakar, 10700, Senegal
| | - Yoella Bereby-Meyer
- Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | | | - Eduard Brandstätter
- Department of Economic Psychology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Suzan Ceylan-Batur
- Department of Psychology, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, 06510, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bryan K C Choy
- School of Social Sciences, Singapore Management University, Singapore, 188065, Singapore
| | | | - Julio Eduardo Cruz
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Daniel David
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, 400347, Romania
| | - Oana A David
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, 400347, Romania
| | - Renata Pereira Defelipe
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Pinar Elmas
- Department of Psychology, Adnan Menderes University, 09010, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Agustín Espinosa
- Grupo de Psicología Política y Social (GPPS), Departamento de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, San Miguel, 15088, Lima, Peru
| | - Ana Maria Fernandez
- School of Psychology, University of Santiago, Santiago, Estación Central, Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - Velichko H Fetvadjiev
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WS, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,WorkWell Research Unit, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | | | - Ronald Fischer
- School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand.,Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa e Ensino, Rio de Janeiro, 22281-100, Brazil
| | - Silvia Galdi
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Oscar Javier Galindo-Caballero
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia.,Faculty of Education, Human and Social Sciences, Universidad Manuela Beltran, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Elena V Golovina
- Institute of Psychology Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, 129366, Russia
| | - Galina M Golovina
- Institute of Psychology Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, 129366, Russia
| | - Luis Gomez-Jacinto
- Department of Social Psychology, Social Work and Social Anthropology, University of Málaga, 29016, Málaga, Spain
| | - Sylvie Graf
- Institute of Psychology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 110 00, Nové Město, Prague, Czechia
| | - Igor Grossmann
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Pelin Gul
- Department of Sustainable Health (Campus Fryslân), University of Groningen, 8911CE, Leeuwarden, Netherlands
| | - Peter Halama
- Center of Social and Psychological Sciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Takeshi Hamamura
- School of Psychology, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Perth, Australia
| | - Shihui Han
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Lina S Hansson
- Stress Research Institute, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Solna, Sweden.,Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, ME Neuroradiologi, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, 171 77, Solna, Sweden
| | - Hidefumi Hitokoto
- School & Graduate School of Humanities, Kwansei Gakuin University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 662-8501, Japan
| | - Martina Hřebíčková
- Institute of Psychology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 110 00, Nové Město, Prague, Czechia
| | - Darinka Ilic
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Niš, Niš, 18000, Serbia
| | - Jennifer Lee Johnson
- Department of Community Sustainability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Mane Kara-Yakoubian
- Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Johannes A Karl
- School of Psychology, Dublin City University, Dublin, 9, Ireland
| | - Jinseok P Kim
- Department of Psychology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Michal Kohút
- Faculty of Philosophy and Arts, University of Trnava, 917 01, Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Julie Lasselin
- Stress Research Institute, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Solna, Sweden.,Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, ME Neuroradiologi, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, 171 77, Solna, Sweden
| | - Hwaryung Lee
- Department of Psychology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Norman P Li
- School of Social Sciences, Singapore Management University, Singapore, 188065, Singapore
| | - Anthonieta Looman Mafra
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Oksana Malanchuk
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
| | - Simone Moran
- Department of Management, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Asuka Murata
- Graduate School of Letters, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Jinkyung Na
- Department of Psychology, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, South Korea
| | | | - Jiaqing O
- Department of Psychology, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3UX, Wales, UK
| | - Ike E Onyishi
- Department of Psychology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | | | - Muhammed Rizwan
- Department of Psychology, University of Haripur, Haripur, 22620, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Eric Roth
- Experimental Research Unit (ERU), Department of Psychology, Universidad Católica Boliviana, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Sergio Salgado
- Department of Management and Economics, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Araucanía, Chile
| | - Elena S Samoylenko
- Institute of Psychology Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, 129366, Russia
| | | | - Catarina Sette
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-030, Brazil
| | - A Timur Sevincer
- Department of Psychology, University of Hamburg, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eric Skoog
- Department of Peace and Conflict Research, Uppsala University, 753 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Adrian Stanciu
- Department of Monitoring Society and Social Change, Gesis-Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences, 68072, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Eunkook M Suh
- Department of Psychology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Daniel Sznycer
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Thomas Talhelm
- Behavioral Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Fabian O Ugwu
- Department of Psychology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Ayse K Uskul
- School of Psychology, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NP, UK
| | - Irem Uz
- Department of Psychology, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, 06510, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Jaroslava Varella Valentova
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-030, Brazil
| | | | - Liuqing Wei
- Department of Education, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430061, China
| | - Danilo Zambrano
- Department of Psychology, Fundación Universitaria Konrad Lorenz, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Michael E W Varnum
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.
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7
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Kirkland K, Crimston CR, Jetten J, Rudnev M, Acevedo-Triana C, Amiot CE, Ausmees L, Baguma P, Barry O, Becker M, Bilewicz M, Boonyasiriwat W, Castelain T, Costantini G, Dimdins G, Espinosa A, Finchilescu G, Fischer R, Friese M, Gastardo-Conaco MC, Gómez Á, González R, Goto N, Halama P, Jiga-Boy GM, Kuppens P, Loughnan S, Markovik M, Mastor KA, McLatchie N, Novak LM, Onyekachi BN, Peker M, Rizwan M, Schaller M, Suh EM, Talaifar S, Tong EMW, Torres A, Turner RN, Van Lange PAM, Vauclair CM, Vinogradov A, Wang Z, Yeung VWL, Bastian B. Moral Expansiveness Around the World: The Role of Societal Factors Across 36 Countries. Social Psychological and Personality Science 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/19485506221101767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
What are the things that we think matter morally, and how do societal factors influence this? To date, research has explored several individual-level and historical factors that influence the size of our ‘moral circles.' There has, however, been less attention focused on which societal factors play a role. We present the first multi-national exploration of moral expansiveness—that is, the size of people’s moral circles across countries. We found low generalized trust, greater perceptions of a breakdown in the social fabric of society, and greater perceived economic inequality were associated with smaller moral circles. Generalized trust also helped explain the effects of perceived inequality on lower levels of moral inclusiveness. Other inequality indicators (i.e., Gini coefficients) were, however, unrelated to moral expansiveness. These findings suggest that societal factors, especially those associated with generalized trust, may influence the size of our moral circles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ángel Gómez
- Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Peter Halama
- Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mark Schaller
- The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Ana Torres
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
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8
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Alabi O, Gupta SK, Barry O. Theoretical Analysis and Optimization of a Gloved Hand-Arm System. J Biomech Eng 2021; 143:1114361. [PMID: 34227655 DOI: 10.1115/1.4051662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that isolators in the form of antivibration (AV) gloves effectively reduce the transmission of unwanted vibration from vibrating equipment to the human hand. However, as most of these studies are based on experimental or modeling techniques, the level of effectiveness and optimum glove properties for better performance remains unclear. To fill this gap, hand-arm system dynamics with and without gloves are studied analytically in this work. In this work, we use a lumped parameter model of the hand-arm system, with hand-tool interaction modeled as a linear spring-damper system. The resulting governing equations of motion are solved analytically using the method of harmonic balance. Parametric analysis is performed on the biomechanical model of the hand-arm system with and without a glove to identify key design parameters. It is observed that the effect of glove parameters on its performance is not repetitive and changes in the studied different frequency ranges. This observation further motivates us to optimize the glove parameters to minimize the overall transmissibility in different frequency ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oreoluwa Alabi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Sunit K Gupta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Oumar Barry
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061
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9
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Lô G, Ndiaye AJS, Sow A, Fall A, Sow A, Barry O, Diop NM, Ndiaye HD, Kâne NCT, Mboup S. Comparison of Amplix® hepatitis B virus and Roche COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS Taqman hepatitis B virus assay in quantifying HBV DNA in plasma of chronic hepatitis B in Senegal. Pan Afr Med J 2021; 38:294. [PMID: 34178213 PMCID: PMC8197065 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2021.38.294.24819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction quantification of hepatitis B virus DNA, a key element in the management of chronic hepatitis B, allows a more direct and reliable measurement of viral replication and monitoring of the virological response to therapy. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) platforms performing this quantification and adaptable to intermediate laboratories have been developed. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate the on-site performance of the AMPLIX® hepatitis B virus (HBV) real-time PCR technique in comparison with the COBAS AmpliPrep™ technique. Methods performance of the AMPLIX® HBV real-time PCR technique was evaluated with repeatability and intermediate precision (reproducibility) determined. The comparison with COBAS Taqman was performed by testing, in parallel, 42 plasma samples. The statistical analysis using Meth Val® software was focused on correlation and concordance determination. Results AMPLIX® real-time PCR assay showed good reproducibility for the low (CV=6.65%) and high (CV=3.15%) control levels but also good repeatability for both the low (CV=2.12%) and high (CV=1.60%) concentration levels. Accuracy obtained in our study were less than acceptability limit fixed to 5%. Viral load measurements between Amplix and COBAS Taqman correlated strongly with a correlation coefficient of 0.97%. Concordance analysis gave an average of the differences of 0.54 log IU/L between the viral load measurements of the 2 techniques. Conclusion based on these results, the Amplix real-time PCR platform for the quantification of HBV DNA can be considered as a reliable system for the monitoring of chronic hepatitis B and also a system adapted to intermediate laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gora Lô
- Centre Médical Inter Armées Lemonier, Dakar, Sénégal.,Institut de Recherche en Santé, de Surveillance Epidémiologique et de Formation, Dakar, Sénégal
| | | | - Amina Sow
- Institut de Recherche en Santé, de Surveillance Epidémiologique et de Formation, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Amina Fall
- Centre Médical Inter Armées Lemonier, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Aissatou Sow
- Institut de Recherche en Santé, de Surveillance Epidémiologique et de Formation, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Oumar Barry
- Centre Médical Inter Armées Lemonier, Dakar, Sénégal
| | | | - Halimatou Diop Ndiaye
- Institut de Recherche en Santé, de Surveillance Epidémiologique et de Formation, Dakar, Sénégal.,Laboratoire de Bactériologie Virologie de l´Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Ndèye Coumba Touré Kâne
- Institut de Recherche en Santé, de Surveillance Epidémiologique et de Formation, Dakar, Sénégal.,Hôpital Dalal Jaam, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Souleymane Mboup
- Institut de Recherche en Santé, de Surveillance Epidémiologique et de Formation, Dakar, Sénégal
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10
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Mõttus R, Allik J, Realo A, Pullmann H, Rossier J, Zecca G, Ah–Kion J, Amoussou–Yéyé D, Bäckström M, Barkauskiene R, Barry O, Bhowon U, Björklund F, Bochaver A, Bochaver K, de Bruin GP, Cabrera HF, Chen SX, Church AT, Cissé DD, Dahourou D, Feng X, Guan Y, Hwang H, Idris F, Katigbak MS, Kuppens P, Kwiatkowska A, Laurinavicius A, Mastor KA, Matsumoto D, Riemann R, Schug J, Simpson B, Ng Tseung C. Comparability of Self–Reported Conscientiousness across 21 Countries. Eur J Pers 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/per.840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In cross–national studies, mean levels of self–reported phenomena are often not congruent with more objective criteria. One prominent explanation for such findings is that people make self–report judgements in relation to culture–specific standards (often called the reference group effect), thereby undermining the cross–cultural comparability of the judgements. We employed a simple method called anchoring vignettes in order to test whether people from 21 different countries have varying standards for Conscientiousness, a Big Five personality trait that has repeatedly shown unexpected nation–level relationships with external criteria. Participants rated their own Conscientiousness and that of 30 hypothetical persons portrayed in short vignettes. The latter type of ratings was expected to reveal individual differences in standards of Conscientiousness. The vignettes were rated relatively similarly in all countries, suggesting no substantial culture–related differences in standards for Conscientiousness. Controlling for the small differences in standards did not substantially change the rankings of countries on mean self–ratings or the predictive validities of these rankings for objective criteria. These findings are not consistent with mean self–rated Conscientiousness scores being influenced by culture–specific standards. The technique of anchoring vignettes can be used in various types of studies to assess the potentially confounding effects of reference levels. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Mõttus
- University of Tartu, Estonia
- University of Edinburgh, Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, UK
| | - Jüri Allik
- University of Tartu, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Estonia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Peter Kuppens
- University of Melbourne, Australia
- University of Leuven, Belgium
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11
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Kouassi BL, Barry A, Heitz-Tokpa K, Krauth SJ, Goépogui A, Baldé MS, Barry O, Niamey ML, Bockarie MJ, Koudou BG, Utzinger J. Perceptions, knowledge, attitudes and practices for the prevention and control of lymphatic filariasis in Conakry, Republic of Guinea. Acta Trop 2018; 179:109-116. [PMID: 29224979 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the perceptions, attitudes and practices of lymphatic filariasis in Conakry, Republic of Guinea. Yet, such knowledge is important for an optimal design and implementation of setting-specific prevention and control measures. We conducted a cross-sectional study using a mixed methods approach. Qualitative data related to people's general experience with lymphatic filariasis, their perception of the causes of the disease, the onset of elephantiasis, care-seeking behaviour and the socioeconomic impact of lymphatic filariasis were collected through in-depth interviews with 85 respondents. Quantitative data related to strategies for prevention and the knowledge of the causes of the disease were collected by interviewing 429 people. A total of 514 individuals (313 females and 201 males), aged 10-84 years, participated. Most participants were well aware of lymphatic filariasis and they recognized the disease mainly by its disfiguring manifestation, collectively termed "elephantiasis" or "leg-swelling disease". Morbidity patterns due to filarial infection showed an increase with age (from 30 to 50 years) independent of sex. Most patients with lymphatic filariasis abandoned their jobs (73.9%) or sought other work (21.7%). The main perceived causes of acquiring lymphatic filariasis were of supernatural origin (as stated by 8.7% of patients and 5.7% of healthy subjects), while mosquito bites were mentioned by fewer participants (4.3% of patients and 4.2% of healthy subjects). A number of other causes were reported that relate to both medical and non-medical conceptions. The study also identified socioeconomic impairments and stigmatization due to elephantiasis. Taken together, community perception of lymphatic filariasis in Conakry is influenced by sociocultural conceptions. Appropriate health education campaigns aimed at enhancing community understanding of the transmission of lymphatic filariasis are required to increase the success of mass drug administration implemented for the elimination of this disease. There is a need for a morbidity management programme to alleviate lymphatic filariasis-related physical and emotional burden in Conakry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard L Kouassi
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire; Unité de Formation et de Recherche Science de la Nature, Université Nangui Abrogoua, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
| | - Aboulaye Barry
- Programme National de Lutte contre l'Onchocercose, le Trachome et les autres Maladies Tropicales Négligées, Ministère de la Santé Publique, Conakry, Republic of Guinea
| | - Kathrin Heitz-Tokpa
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie J Krauth
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andre Goépogui
- Programme National de Lutte contre l'Onchocercose, le Trachome et les autres Maladies Tropicales Négligées, Ministère de la Santé Publique, Conakry, Republic of Guinea
| | - Mamadou S Baldé
- Programme National de Lutte contre l'Onchocercose, le Trachome et les autres Maladies Tropicales Négligées, Ministère de la Santé Publique, Conakry, Republic of Guinea
| | - Oumar Barry
- Programme National de Lutte contre l'Onchocercose, le Trachome et les autres Maladies Tropicales Négligées, Ministère de la Santé Publique, Conakry, Republic of Guinea
| | - Marie L Niamey
- Programme National de Lutte contre l'Onchocercose, le Trachome et les autres Maladies Tropicales Négligées, Ministère de la Santé Publique, Conakry, Republic of Guinea
| | - Moses J Bockarie
- Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Benjamin G Koudou
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire; Unité de Formation et de Recherche Science de la Nature, Université Nangui Abrogoua, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire; Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jürg Utzinger
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
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12
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Wang Y, Barry O, Wahl G, Chen B, Lin Y. [Pilot study of laser-doppler flowmetry measurement of oral mucosa blood flow]. Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2016; 48:697-701. [PMID: 29263516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore and compare the perfusion pattern of oral mucosa on Han Chinese and Caucasian by laser-doppler flowmetry. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out, in 20 healthy Han Chinese adult subjects (average age: 28.4 years) and 20 healthy Caucasian (average age: 25.3 years) adult subjects, either gender with 10 subjects. Gingival perfusion was evaluated at 8 points (including upper incisor labial gingival, lower incisor labial gingival, palatal mucosa, cheek mucosa) using a laser-doppler flowmetry(O2C, Medizintechnik GmbH, Germany). Each measurement was carried out 25 seconds consisting 5 seconds of fore period and 20 seconds of work period, without pressure. The measurements were taken by two well- trained doctors, each measurement was exammed 3 times by an examiner, and the average value was recorded as final data. Each measurement has 4 parame ters: SpO2(oxygen saturation), rHB (relative amount of hemoglobin), flow (the blood flow of unit interval), and velocity (blood flow velocity). We compared the data by different sites, different genders, and different races. RESULTS For palatal gingival, the average SpO2 was 77.1%±10.9%, the average rHB 67.8±11.1, and the average flow 194.1±63.7, which presented significant lower values than other oral mucosa. There was no significant difference among other sites. There was some significant difference between the Caucasian and the Han Chinese: the maxillary central incisor oxygen saturation (SpO2) which were averages of 75.6%±8.2% and 70.4%±7.6%; buccal mucosa hemoglobin (rHB) averages of 79.9±5.8 and 83.5±6.6, which had statistical differences. For most measurement points, the oxygen saturation on men was lower than that on women, which had significant difference. CONCLUSION To investigate microcirculation pattern, oral mucosa can be the good observation site. Laser-doppler flowmetry is a well-documented instrument to survey on microcirculation.There may be differences between the genders in hemoglobin oxygen-binding capacity, which may have some impact on the ability of soft tissue healing. Oral mucosa display more blood perfusion than attached gingival. As the recipient site of gingival graft, maxilla and mandible have slight difference in blood supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - O Barry
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn, 53111 Bonn, German
| | - G Wahl
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn, 53111 Bonn, German
| | - B Chen
- Department of Oral Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Y Lin
- Department of Oral Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
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13
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Rossier J, Aluja A, Blanch A, Barry O, Hansenne M, Carvalho AF, Valdivia M, Wang W, Desrichard O, Hyphantis T, Suranyi Z, Glicksohn J, De Pascalis V, León–Mayer E, Piskunov A, Stivers A, Morizot J, Ostendorf F, Čekrlija Đ, Bellaj T, Markiewicz D, Motevalian A, Karagonlar G. Cross–cultural Generalizability of the Alternative Five–factor Model Using the Zuckerman–Kuhlman–Aluja Personality Questionnaire. Eur J Pers 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/per.2045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Several personality models are known for being replicable across cultures, such as the Five–Factor Model (FFM) or Eysenck's Psychoticism–Extraversion–Neuroticism (PEN) model, and are for this reason considered universal. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the cross–cultural replicability of the recently revised Alternative FFM (AFFM). A total of 15 048 participants from 23 cultures completed the Zuckerman–Kuhlman–Aluja Personality Questionnaire (ZKA–PQ) aimed at assessing personality according to this revised AFFM. Internal consistencies, gender differences and correlations with age were similar across cultures for all five factors and facet scales. The AFFM structure was very similar across samples and can be considered as highly replicable with total congruence coefficients ranging from .94 to .99. Measurement invariance across cultures was assessed using multi–group confirmatory factor analyses, and each higher–order personality factor did reach configural and metric invariance. Scalar invariance was never reached, which implies that culture–specific norms should be considered. The underlying structure of the ZKA–PQ replicates well across cultures, suggesting that this questionnaire can be used in a large diversity of cultures and that the AFFM might be as universal as the FFM or the PEN model. This suggests that more research is needed to identify and define an integrative framework underlying these personality models. Copyright © 2016 European Association of Personality Psychology
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anton Aluja
- University of Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
- Catalonia is a nation with its own culture and language located in Spain
| | - Angel Blanch
- University of Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
- Catalonia is a nation with its own culture and language located in Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Wei Wang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Aleksei Piskunov
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russia
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14
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Wang Y, Barry O, Wahl G, Chen B, Lin Y. [Pilot study of laser-doppler flowmetry measurement of oral mucosa blood flow]. Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2016; 48:697-701. [PMID: 27538155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore and compare the perfusion pattern of oral mucosa on Han Chinese and Caucasian by laser-doppler flowmetry. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out, in 20 healthy Han Chinese adult subjects (average age: 28.4 years) and 20 healthy Caucasian (average age: 25.3 years) adult subjects, either gender with 10 subjects. Gingival perfusion was evaluated at 8 points (including upper incisor labial gingival, lower incisor labial gingival, palatal mucosa, cheek mucosa) using a laser-doppler flowmetry(O2C, Medizintechnik GmbH, Germany). Each measurement was carried out 25 seconds consisting 5 seconds of fore period and 20 seconds of work period, without pressure. The measurements were taken by two well- trained doctors, each measurement was exammed 3 times by an examiner, and the average value was recorded as final data. Each measurement has 4 parame ters: SpO2(oxygen saturation), rHB (relative amount of hemoglobin), flow (the blood flow of unit interval), and velocity (blood flow velocity). We compared the data by different sites, different genders, and different races. RESULTS For palatal gingival, the average SpO2 was 77.1%±10.9%, the average rHB 67.8±11.1, and the average flow 194.1±63.7, which presented significant lower values than other oral mucosa. There was no significant difference among other sites. There was some significant difference between the Caucasian and the Han Chinese: the maxillary central incisor oxygen saturation (SpO2) which were averages of 75.6%±8.2% and 70.4%±7.6%; buccal mucosa hemoglobin (rHB) averages of 79.9±5.8 and 83.5±6.6, which had statistical differences. For most measurement points, the oxygen saturation on men was lower than that on women, which had significant difference. CONCLUSION To investigate microcirculation pattern, oral mucosa can be the good observation site. Laser-doppler flowmetry is a well-documented instrument to survey on microcirculation.There may be differences between the genders in hemoglobin oxygen-binding capacity, which may have some impact on the ability of soft tissue healing. Oral mucosa display more blood perfusion than attached gingival. As the recipient site of gingival graft, maxilla and mandible have slight difference in blood supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - O Barry
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn, 53111 Bonn, German
| | - G Wahl
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn, 53111 Bonn, German
| | - B Chen
- Department of Oral Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Y Lin
- Department of Oral Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
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15
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Zecca G, Verardi S, Antonietti JP, Dahourou D, Adjahouisso M, Ah-Kion J, Amoussou-Yeye D, Barry O, Bhowon U, Bouatta C, Dougoumalé Cissé D, Mbodji M, Meyer de Stadelhofen F, Minga Minga D, Ng Tseung C, Nouri Romdhane M, Ondongo F, Rigozzi C, Sfayhi N, Tsokini D, Rossier J. African Cultures and the Five-Factor Model of Personality. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/0022022112468943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess if a specific personality structure and personality profile might be observed in Africa comparing data from four African regions ( N = 1,774) with data from Burkina Faso ( N = 717) and Switzerland ( N = 1,787), according to the Five-Factor Model (FFM). A total of 4,278 participants completed the French version of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) made up of 240 items. Concerning the structure, a recombination of Extraversion and Agreeableness in two factors labeled Love and Dominance was observed before targeted factor analyses. After Procrustes rotation, the Swiss factorial structure replicated well in Africa. The only specificity was that the Excitement Seeking facet scale loaded consistently on the Openness factor in Africa. However, personality structures obtained in different African regions were not more similar among themselves than they were to the structure found in Switzerland. Finally, multigroup confirmatory factor analyses suggested that the NEO-PI-R dimensions reached configural and metric invariances, but not scalar invariance, indicating that the mean personality profiles might be difficult to compare. Thus, this study showed no evidence for a unique pan-African structure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Uma Bhowon
- University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nicole Sfayhi
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences Humaines de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
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16
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Mõttus R, Allik J, Realo A, Rossier J, Zecca G, Ah-Kion J, Amoussou-Yéyé D, Bäckström M, Barkauskiene R, Barry O, Bhowon U, Björklund F, Bochaver A, Bochaver K, de Bruin G, Cabrera HF, Chen SX, Church AT, Cissé DD, Dahourou D, Feng X, Guan Y, Hwang HS, Idris F, Katigbak MS, Kuppens P, Kwiatkowska A, Laurinavicius A, Mastor KA, Matsumoto D, Riemann R, Schug J, Simpson B, Tseung-Wong CN, Johnson W. The Effect of Response Style on Self-Reported Conscientiousness Across 20 Countries. Pers Soc Psychol Bull 2012; 38:1423-36. [PMID: 22745332 DOI: 10.1177/0146167212451275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Rankings of countries on mean levels of self-reported Conscientiousness continue to puzzle researchers. Based on the hypothesis that cross-cultural differences in the tendency to prefer extreme response categories of ordinal rating scales over moderate categories can influence the comparability of self-reports, this study investigated possible effects of response style on the mean levels of self-reported Conscientiousness in 22 samples from 20 countries. Extreme and neutral responding were estimated based on respondents’ ratings of 30 hypothetical people described in short vignettes. In the vignette ratings, clear cross-sample differences in extreme and neutral responding emerged. These responding style differences were correlated with mean self-reported Conscientiousness scores. Correcting self-reports for extreme and neutral responding changed sample rankings of Conscientiousness, as well as the predictive validities of these rankings for external criteria. The findings suggest that the puzzling country rankings of self-reported Conscientiousness may to some extent result from differences in response styles.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Mõttus
- University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jüri Allik
- University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Tallinn, Estonia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Oumar Barry
- University of Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Uma Bhowon
- University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Peter Kuppens
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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17
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Super CM, Harkness S, Barry O, Zeitlin M. Think Locally, Act Globally: Contributions of African Research to Child Development. Child Development Perspectives 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-8606.2011.00166.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Patel J, Kittleson M, Kawano M, Goldstein Z, Rafiei M, Barry O, Hamilton M, Schwarz E, Esmailian F, Kobashigawa J. 528 Does Gender Mismatch Increase the Risk of Antibody-Mediated Rejection (AMR) after Heart Transplantation? J Heart Lung Transplant 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2011.01.539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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19
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Colgan G, Lundon P, Molony D, Murphy P, Barry O. Repeat offenders: non-attenders! A review of elective orthopaedic clinics. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00590-010-0738-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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20
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Verardi S, Dahourou D, Ah-Kion J, Bhowon U, Tseung CN, Amoussou-Yeye D, Adjahouisso M, Bouatta C, Dougoumalé Cissé D, Mbodji M, Barry O, Minga DM, Ondongo F, Tsokini D, Rigozzi C, Meyer de Stadelhofen F, Rossier J. Psychometric Properties of the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale in Eight African Countries and Switzerland. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 2009. [DOI: 10.1177/0022022109348918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the cross-cultural validity of the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability scale short form C, in a large sample of French-speaking participants from eight African countries and Switzerland. Exploratory and confirmatory analyses suggested retaining a two-factor structure. Item bias detection according to country was conducted for all 13 items and effect was calculated with R2. For the two-factor solution, 9 items were associated with a negligible effect size, 3 items with a moderate one, and 1 item with a large one. A series of analyses of covariance considering the acquiescence variable as a covariate showed that the acquiescence tendency does not contribute to the bias at item level. This research indicates that the psychometric properties of this instrument do not reach a scalar equivalence but that a culturally reliable measurement of social desirability could be developed.
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21
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Rigozzi C, Rossier J, Dahourou D, Adjahouisso M, Ah-Kion J, Amoussou-Yeye D, Barry O, Bhowon U, Bouatta C, Cissé DD, Mbodji M, Meyer de Stadelhofen F, Minga DM, Tseung CN, Ondongo F, Romdhane MN, Sfayhi N, Tsokini D, Verardi S. A cross-cultural study of the higher-order structures underlying personality disorders in French-speaking Africa and Switzerland. J Pers Disord 2009; 23:175-86. [PMID: 19379094 DOI: 10.1521/pedi.2009.23.2.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Most studies about the higher-order dimensions to be considered in order to parsimoniously describe Personality Disorders (PDs) have identified between two and four factors but there is still no consensus about their exact number. In this context, the cultural stability of these structures might be a criterion to be considered. The aim of this study was to identify stable higher-order structures of PD traits in a French-speaking African and Swiss sample (N = 2,711). All subjects completed the IPDE screening questionnaire. Using Everett's criterion and conducting a series of principal component analyses, a cross-culturally stable two- and four-factor structure were identified, associated with a total congruence coefficient of .98 and .94, respectively, after Procrustes rotation. Moreover, these two structures were also highly replicable across the four African regions considered, North Africa, West Africa, Central Africa, and Mauritius, with a mean total congruence coefficient of .97 and .87, respectively. The four-factor structure presented the advantage of being similar to Livesely's four components and of describing the ten PDs more accurately.
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22
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Diop Y, Ndiaye B, Diouf A, Fall M, Thiaw C, Thiam A, Barry O, Ciss M, Ba D. [Contamination by aflatoxins of local peanut oils prepared in Senegal]. Ann Pharm Fr 2000; 58:470-4. [PMID: 11148385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxins are mycotoxins produced by certain strains of fungus (Aspergillus) which develop in peanut seeds. Peanut oil and peanut meal are widely used in Senegal. The risk of intoxication is quite real. We determined aflatoxin contamination levels in peanut oil and food prepared by small scale production plants in the Kaolack and Diourbel regions of Senegal. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of the different samples showed that 80% of them were contaminated. Aflatoxin B(1), B(2), G(1) and G(2) were detected. The pattern of contamination was similar for the two regions. Aflatoxin B(1) was prevalent and found in over 85% of the samples. The mean content of this mycotoxin (the most dangerous toxin) was about 40 ppb, a value which largely exceeds specifications for allowable levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Diop
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique et de Toxicologie, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Sénégal
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23
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Diouf A, Diop YM, Ndiaye B, Fall M, Sarr D, Thiam A, Barry O, Thiaw C, Ba D, Ciss M. [Mango leaves (Manguifera indica, Anacardiacea) used as biomarker of pollution by pp'Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (pp'DDT)]. Dakar Med 2000; 45:122-5. [PMID: 15779165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), organochlorine pesticide, byanother way cumulative pesticide is banned in mostdeveloped countries. Whatever, it is still used in many countries in the Third World. This work consist to check whether this chemical compound is still used in Senegal. The biomarker of pollution by this pesticide for this research was mango leaves (mango tree is widespread in Senegal) open to accumulate halogenated hydrocarbons. Leaves sample were taken in many sites in the centerline of Dakar-Thiès (Senegal), then analysed by gas chromatography. The results allowed to note the presence of DDT and its metabolites [(dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethylen (DDE), (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDD)] in most of samples. The comparison of DDT content in relation to those of the principal metabolite allowed to make the difference according to sample sites, an old contamination of an utilisation more or less recent of this pesticide. From those results, we can conclude that DDT, typical pesticide by its big persistence is still used in some spherical zones in this country, in particular in farming gardening zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Diouf
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique et de Toxicologie, Faculté de Médecine, Pharmacie et d'Odonstomatologie, Université Cheikh Anta DIOP (UCAD), Dakar, Sénégal
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24
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Ndiaye B, Diop YM, Diouf A, Fall M, Thiaw C, Thiam A, Barry O, Ciss M, Ba D. [Measurement and levels of aflatoxins in small-scale pressed peanut oil prepared in the Diourbel and Kaolack regions of Senegal]. Dakar Med 1999; 44:202-5. [PMID: 11957285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxins are mycotoxins produced by some strains of fungus (Aspergillus) which develops in peanuts seeds. Peanuts oil and past are very used up in Senegal, then the aflatoxins poisoning risk are very actual. This study relates to the determination of contamination levels by aflatoxins from peanut oil food prepared by small scale production in areas of Kaolack and Diourbel. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis of the different samples showed that 80% of them were contaminated in the areas of Kaolack and Diourbel. Aflatoxin B1, B2, G1 and G2 has been detected with a profile of contamination almost identical in the both areas. Aflatoxin B1 was prevalent and has been found in over 85% of samples. Mean contents of this mycotoxin (the most dangerous toxin) is about 40 ppb, value widely superior to allowable specifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ndiaye
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique et de Toxicologie-Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie-Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar
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25
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Pilisuk M, Wentzel P, Barry O, Tennant J. Participant assessment of a nonmedical breast cancer support group. Altern Ther Health Med 1997; 3:72-80. [PMID: 9287447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was designed to examine how a particular format of a support group for women with breast cancer was related to the use of the group and experiences of the participants. SUBJECTS A total of 131 women who participated in a breast cancer support group under the auspices of the YWCA were interviewed. RESULTS Findings replicated existing studies indicating such generic benefits of support group participation as enhanced sense of control, sharing of information and experiences, and acquaintance with positive role models. In addition to these benefits, participants reacted favorably to the opportunities provided by a drop-in format, an exercise component, and opportunities for sharing in a nonmedical setting. Active use of the group was associated with lack of emotional support from family. Active use also was associated with favorable reported outcomes for well-being and health.
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Abstract
We identified a major goitrous area in the Republic of Guinea, characterised by an overall goitre prevalence of 70% in adults. Thyroid swelling was sometimes present at birth and affected 55% of schoolchildren. A difference between sexes appeared at puberty. Endemic cretinism, mainly in its myxoedematous form, was found in about 2% of goitrous patients. In this region, iodine deficiency is the primary causative factor (median urinary concentrations of 16 micrograms/L, and in 69% of inhabitants below the critical threshold of 20 micrograms/L). The diet contained substantial amounts of thiocyanate anions (median 6 mg/L in urine and in 27%, more than 10 mg/L) likely to further depress iodine bioavailability. Other dietary compounds, notably flavonoids were suspected to contribute. Overall nutritional and general health appeared satisfactory. The affected population is borderline euthyroid with a trend towards hypothyroidism in protracted disease. This area of Guinea may be regarded as the epicentre of the west African endemic and as one of the most severely goitrous regions ever described, requiring urgent public health measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Konde
- Department of Food Sciences, University Louis-Pasteur Strasbourg, France
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27
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Barry O, MacAuley P. Haemangioma of the knee. Ir J Med Sci 1981; 150:18-20. [PMID: 7216713 DOI: 10.1007/bf02938188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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28
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Hennessy T, Barry O, Hurley M. Proceedings: Problems in oesophageal surgery. Ir J Med Sci 1975; 144:77-8. [PMID: 46222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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29
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Barry O, Cook JW. A Comparison of the Action of Some Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Producing Tumours of Connective Tissue. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1934. [DOI: 10.1158/ajc.1934.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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