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Krys K, Kostoula O, van Tilburg WAP, Mosca O, Lee JH, Maricchiolo F, Kosiarczyk A, Kocimska-Bortnowska A, Torres C, Hitokoto H, Liew K, Bond MH, Lun VMC, Vignoles VL, Zelenski JM, Haas BW, Park J, Vauclair CM, Kwiatkowska A, Roczniewska M, Witoszek N, Işık İ, Kosakowska-Berezecka N, Domínguez-Espinosa A, Yeung JC, Górski M, Adamovic M, Albert I, Pavlopoulos V, Fülöp M, Sirlopu D, Okvitawanli A, Boer D, Teyssier J, Malyonova A, Gavreliuc A, Serdarevich U, Akotia CS, Appoh L, Mira DMA, Baltin A, Denoux P, Esteves CS, Gamsakhurdia V, Garðarsdóttir RB, Igbokwe DO, Igou ER, Kascakova N, Klůzová Kracˇmárová L, Kronberger N, Barrientos PE, Mohoricć T, Murdock E, Mustaffa NF, Nader M, Nadi A, van Osch Y, Pavlović Z, Polácˇková Šolcová I, Rizwan M, Romashov V, Røysamb E, Sargautyte R, Schwarz B, Selecká L, Selim HA, Stogianni M, Sun CR, Wojtczuk-Turek A, Xing C, Uchida Y. Happiness Maximization Is a WEIRD Way of Living. Perspect Psychol Sci 2024:17456916231208367. [PMID: 38350096 DOI: 10.1177/17456916231208367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Psychological science tends to treat subjective well-being and happiness synonymously. We start from the assumption that subjective well-being is more than being happy to ask the fundamental question: What is the ideal level of happiness? From a cross-cultural perspective, we propose that the idealization of attaining maximum levels of happiness may be especially characteristic of Western, educated, industrial, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) societies but less so for others. Searching for an explanation for why "happiness maximization" might have emerged in these societies, we turn to studies linking cultures to their eco-environmental habitat. We discuss the premise that WEIRD cultures emerged in an exceptionally benign ecological habitat (i.e., faced relatively light existential pressures compared with other regions). We review the influence of the Gulf Stream on the Northwestern European climate as a source of these comparatively benign geographical conditions. We propose that the ecological conditions in which WEIRD societies emerged afforded them a basis to endorse happiness as a value and to idealize attaining its maximum level. To provide a nomological network for happiness maximization, we also studied some of its potential side effects, namely alcohol and drug consumption and abuse and the prevalence of mania. To evaluate our hypothesis, we reanalyze data from two large-scale studies on ideal levels of personal life satisfaction-the most common operationalization of happiness in psychology-involving respondents from 61 countries. We conclude that societies whose members seek to maximize happiness tend to be characterized as WEIRD, and generalizing this across societies can prove problematic if adopted at the ideological and policy level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuba Krys
- Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences
| | - Olga Kostoula
- Institute of Psychology, Johannes Kepler University Linz
| | | | - Oriana Mosca
- Department of Education, Psychology, and Philosophy, University of Cagliari
| | - J Hannah Lee
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University Northwest
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kongmeng Liew
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University
- School of Psychology, Speech and Hearing, University of Canterbury
| | - Michael H Bond
- Department of Management and Marketing, Faculty of Business, Hong Kong Polytechnic University
| | | | | | | | | | - Joonha Park
- Graduate School of Management, NUCB Business School
| | - Christin-Melanie Vauclair
- Centre for Psychological Research and Social Intervention (CIS-Iscte), Iscte-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa
| | | | - Marta Roczniewska
- SWPS University
- Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Medical Management Centre, Karolinska Institutet
| | - Nina Witoszek
- Centre for Development and the Environment, University of Oslo
| | - İdil Işık
- Psychology Department, Bahçeşehir University
| | | | | | | | - Maciej Górski
- Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw
| | | | - Isabelle Albert
- Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Luxembourg
| | | | - Márta Fülöp
- Institute of Psychology, Károli Gáspár University of the Reformed Church
- Research Centre of Natural Sciences, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
| | - David Sirlopu
- Faculty of Psychology and Humanities, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción
| | | | - Diana Boer
- Institute of Psychology, University of Koblenz
| | - Julien Teyssier
- Département Psychologie Clinique Du Sujet, Université Toulouse II
| | - Arina Malyonova
- Department of General and Social Psychology, Dostoevsky Omsk State University
| | | | | | - Charity S Akotia
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Ghana
| | - Lily Appoh
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University
| | | | - Arno Baltin
- School of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn University
| | - Patrick Denoux
- Département Psychologie Clinique Du Sujet, Université Toulouse II
| | - Carla Sofia Esteves
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Católica Lisbon School of Business and Economics, Católica Lisbon Research Unit in Business and Economics
| | | | | | | | - Eric R Igou
- Department of Psychology, University of Limerick
| | - Natalia Kascakova
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University
- Psychiatric Clinic Pro Mente Sana, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | | | | | - Tamara Mohoricć
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Rijeka
| | - Elke Murdock
- Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Luxembourg
| | - Nur Fariza Mustaffa
- Department of Business Administration, International Islamic University Malaysia
| | - Martin Nader
- Department of Psychological Studies, Universidad ICESI
| | - Azar Nadi
- Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences
| | - Yvette van Osch
- Department of Social Psychology, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University
| | - Zoran Pavlović
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy University of Belgrade
| | | | | | | | | | - Ruta Sargautyte
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Vilnius University
| | - Beate Schwarz
- Department of Applied Psychology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences
| | | | | | | | - Chien-Ru Sun
- Department of Psychology, National Chengchi University
| | | | - Cai Xing
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China
| | - Yukiko Uchida
- Institute for the Future of Human Society, Kyoto University
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Walter KV, Conroy-Beam D, Buss DM, Asao K, Sorokowska A, Sorokowski P, Aavik T, Akello G, Alhabahba MM, Alm C, Amjad N, Anjum A, Atama CS, Duyar DA, Ayebare R, Batres C, Bendixen M, Bensafia A, Bizumic B, Boussena M, Butovskaya M, Can S, Cantarero K, Carrier A, Cetinkaya H, Croy I, Cueto RM, Czub M, Dronova D, Dural S, Duyar I, Ertugrul B, Espinosa A, Estevan I, Esteves CS, Fang L, Frackowiak T, Garduño JC, González KU, Guemaz F, Gyuris P, Halamová M, Herak I, Horvat M, Hromatko I, Hui CM, Jaafar JL, Jiang F, Kafetsios K, Kavčič T, Ottesen Kennair LE, Kervyn N, Khanh Ha TT, Khilji IA, Köbis NC, Lan HM, Láng A, Lennard GR, León E, Lindholm T, Linh TT, Lopez G, Luot NV, Mailhos A, Manesi Z, Martinez R, McKerchar SL, Meskó N, Misra G, Monaghan C, Mora EC, Moya-Garófano A, Musil B, Natividade JC, Niemczyk A, Nizharadze G, Oberzaucher E, Oleszkiewicz A, Omar-Fauzee MS, Onyishi IE, Özener B, Pagani AF, Pakalniskiene V, Parise M, Pazhoohi F, Pisanski A, Pisanski K, Ponciano E, Popa C, Prokop P, Rizwan M, Sainz M, Salkičević S, Sargautyte R, Sarmány-Schuller I, Schmehl S, Sharad S, Siddiqui RS, Simonetti F, Stoyanova SY, Tadinac M, Correa Varella MA, Vauclair CM, Vega LD, Widarini DA, Yoo G, Zaťková MM, Zupančič M. Correction to: 'Sex differences in human mate preferences vary across sex ratios' (2023) by Walter et al.. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20231513. [PMID: 37440323 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.1513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
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3
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Krys K, Chun Yeung J, Haas BW, van Osch Y, Kosiarczyk A, Kocimska-Zych A, Torres C, Selim HA, Zelenski JM, Bond MH, Park J, Lun VMC, Maricchiolo F, Vauclair CM, Poláčková Šolcová I, Sirlopú D, Xing C, Vignoles VL, van Tilburg WAP, Teyssier J, Sun CR, Serdarevich U, Schwarz B, Sargautyte R, Røysamb E, Romashov V, Rizwan M, Pavlović Z, Pavlopoulos V, Okvitawanli A, Nadi A, Nader M, Mustaffa NF, Murdock E, Mosca O, Mohorić T, Barrientos Marroquin PE, Malyonova A, Liu X, Lee JH, Kwiatkowska A, Kronberger N, Klůzová Kráčmarová L, Kascakova N, Işık İ, Igou ER, Igbokwe DO, Hanke-Boer D, Gavreliuc A, Garðarsdóttir RB, Fülöp M, Gamsakhurdia V, Esteves CS, Domínguez-Espinosa A, Denoux P, Charkviani S, Baltin A, Arevalo D, Appoh L, Akotia C, Adamovic M, Uchida Y. Family First: Evidence of Consistency and Variation in the Value of Family Versus Personal Happiness Across 49 Different Cultures. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/00220221221134711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
People care about their own well-being and about the well-being of their families. It is currently, however, unknown how much people tend to value their own versus their family’s well-being. A recent study documented that people value family happiness over personal happiness across four cultures. In this study, we sought to replicate this finding across a larger sample size ( N = 12,819) and a greater number of countries ( N = 49). We found that the strength of the idealization of family over personal happiness preference was small (average Cohen’s ds = .20, range −.02 to.48), but present in 98% of the studied countries, with statistical significance in 73% to 75%, and variance across countries <2%. We also found that the size of this effect did vary somewhat across cultural contexts. In Latin American cultures highest on relational mobility, the idealization of family over personal happiness was very small (average Cohen’s ds for Latin America = .15 and .18), while in Confucian Asia cultures lowest on relational mobility, this effect was closer to medium ( ds > .40 and .30). Importantly, we did not find strong support for traditional theories in cross-cultural psychology that associate collectivism with greater prioritization of the family versus the individual; country-level individualism–collectivism was not associated with variation in the idealization of family versus individual happiness. Our findings indicate that no matter how much various populists abuse the argument of “protecting family life” to disrupt emancipation, family happiness seems to be a pan-culturally phenomenon. Family well-being is a key ingredient of social fabric across the world, and should be acknowledged by psychology and well-being researchers and by progressive movements too.
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Sorokowska A, Kowal M, Saluja S, Aavik T, Alm C, Anjum A, Asao K, Batres C, Bensafia A, Bizumic B, Boussena M, Buss DM, Butovskaya M, Can S, Carrier A, Cetinkaya H, Conroy-Beam D, Cueto RM, Czub M, Dural S, Espinosa A, Esteves CS, Frackowiak T, Contreras-Garduño J, Guemaz F, Hromatko I, Iskra H, Jiang F, Kafetsios K, Kavcic T, Kervyn N, Köbis NC, Kostić A, Láng A, Lindholm T, Manesi Z, Meskó N, Misra G, Monaghan C, Natividade JC, Nizharadze G, Oberzaucher E, Oleszkiewicz A, Pagani AF, Pakalniskiene V, Parise M, Pejičić M, Pisanski A, Pisanski K, Popa C, Prokop P, Sargautyte R, Sharad S, Simonetti F, Sorokowski P, Stefanczyk MM, Szagdaj A, Tadinac M, González KU, Uhryn O, Vauclair CM, Yoo G, Zupančič M, Croy I. Love and affectionate touch toward romantic partners all over the world. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5497. [PMID: 37015974 PMCID: PMC10073073 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31502-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Touch is the primary way people communicate intimacy in romantic relationships, and affectionate touch behaviors such as stroking, hugging and kissing are universally observed in partnerships all over the world. Here, we explored the association of love and affectionate touch behaviors in romantic partnerships in two studies comprising 7880 participants. In the first study, we used a cross-cultural survey conducted in 37 countries to test whether love was universally associated with affectionate touch behaviors. In the second study, using a more fine-tuned touch behavior scale, we tested whether the frequency of affectionate touch behaviors was related to love in romantic partnerships. As hypothesized, love was significantly and positively associated with affectionate touch behaviors in both studies and this result was replicated regardless of the inclusion of potentially relevant factors as controls. Altogether, our data strongly suggest that affectionate touch is a relatively stable characteristic of human romantic relationships that is robustly and reliably related to the degree of reported love between partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Sorokowska
- Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, Ul. Dawida 1, 50-527, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Marta Kowal
- IDN Being Human Lab, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | - Kelly Asao
- Westminster College, Salt Lake City, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Seda Can
- Izmir University of Economics, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | - Marcin Czub
- Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, Ul. Dawida 1, 50-527, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Seda Dural
- Izmir University of Economics, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | | | - Tomasz Frackowiak
- Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, Ul. Dawida 1, 50-527, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Herak Iskra
- Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | | | | | - Tina Kavcic
- University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nicolas Kervyn
- Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Nils C Köbis
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Zoi Manesi
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anna Oleszkiewicz
- Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, Ul. Dawida 1, 50-527, Wroclaw, Poland
- Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kasia Pisanski
- Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, Ul. Dawida 1, 50-527, Wroclaw, Poland
- CNRS, University of Lyon 2, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Piotr Sorokowski
- Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, Ul. Dawida 1, 50-527, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Anna Szagdaj
- Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Olga Uhryn
- Lviv State University of Internal Affairs, Lviv, Costa Rica
| | | | | | | | - Ilona Croy
- Institute of Psychology, University of Jena, Jena, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health, Halle-Jena-Magdeburg, Germany
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5
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Sorokowski P, Kowal M, Sternberg RJ, Aavik T, Akello G, Alhabahba MM, Alm C, Amjad N, Anjum A, Asao K, Atama CS, Atamtürk Duyar D, Ayebare R, Conroy-Beam D, Bendixen M, Bensafia A, Bizumic B, Boussena M, Buss DM, Butovskaya M, Can S, Carrier A, Cetinkaya H, Croy I, Cueto RM, Czub M, Dronova D, Dural S, Duyar I, Ertugrul B, Espinosa A, Estevan I, Esteves CS, Frackowiak T, Garduño JC, González KU, Guemaz F, Halamová M, Herak I, Horvat M, Hromatko I, Hui CM, Jaafar JL, Jiang F, Kafetsios K, Kavčič T, Kennair LEO, Kervyn N, Ha TTK, Khilji IA, Köbis NC, Kostic A, Lan HM, Láng A, Lennard GR, León E, Lindholm T, Linh TT, Lopez G, Van Luot N, Mailhos A, Manesi Z, Martinez R, McKerchar SL, Meskó N, Pejičić M, Misra G, Monaghan C, Mora EC, Moya-Garófano A, Musil B, Natividade JC, Nizharadze G, Oberzaucher E, Oleszkiewicz A, Omar-Fauzee MS, Onyishi IE, Özener B, Pagani AF, Pakalniskiene V, Parise M, Pazhoohi F, Pisanski A, Pisanski K, Ponciano E, Popa C, Prokop P, Rizwan M, Sainz M, Salkičević S, Sargautyte R, Sarmány-Schuller I, Schmehl S, Shahid A, Sharad S, Siddiqui RS, Simonetti F, Tadinac M, Vauclair CM, Vega LD, Walter KV, Widarini DA, Yoo G, Zaťková M, Zupančič M, Sorokowska A. Modernization, collectivism, and gender equality predict love experiences in 45 countries. Sci Rep 2023; 13:773. [PMID: 36641519 PMCID: PMC9840424 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26663-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent cross-cultural and neuro-hormonal investigations have suggested that love is a near universal phenomenon that has a biological background. Therefore, the remaining important question is not whether love exists worldwide but which cultural, social, or environmental factors influence experiences and expressions of love. In the present study, we explored whether countries' modernization indexes are related to love experiences measured by three subscales (passion, intimacy, commitment) of the Triangular Love Scale. Analyzing data from 9474 individuals from 45 countries, we tested for relationships with country-level predictors, namely, modernization proxies (i.e., Human Development Index, World Modernization Index, Gender Inequality Index), collectivism, and average annual temperatures. We found that mean levels of love (especially intimacy) were higher in countries with higher modernization proxies, collectivism, and average annual temperatures. In conclusion, our results grant some support to the hypothesis that modernization processes might influence love experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kelly Asao
- Westminster College, Salt Lake City, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Mons Bendixen
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Boris Bizumic
- Australian National University AU, Canberra, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Seda Can
- Izmir University of Economics, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Daria Dronova
- Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Seda Dural
- Izmir University of Economics, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | - Carla Sofia Esteves
- Católica Lisbon School of Business and Economics, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Lisbona, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | - Mária Halamová
- Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Iskra Herak
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Konstantinos Kafetsios
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tina Kavčič
- University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Nicolas Kervyn
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | | | | | - Nils C Köbis
- University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Hoang Moc Lan
- University of Social Sciences and Humanities (VNU-Hanoi), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Ernesto León
- Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Perú
| | | | - Trinh Thi Linh
- University of Social Sciences and Humanities (VNU-Hanoi), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Giulia Lopez
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Nguyen Van Luot
- University of Social Sciences and Humanities (VNU-Hanoi), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Zoi Manesi
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Edna Ponciano
- University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Coimba, Brazil
| | - Camelia Popa
- Romanian Academy - Institute of Philosophy and Psychology "C. Rădulescu-Motru", Bucharest, Romania
| | | | | | - Mario Sainz
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gyesook Yoo
- Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee, South Korea
| | - Marta Zaťková
- Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia
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Kosakowska-Berezecka N, Bosson JK, Jurek P, Besta T, Olech M, Vandello JA, Bender M, Dandy J, Hoorens V, Jasinskaja-Lahti I, Mankowski E, Venäläinen S, Abuhamdeh S, Agyemang CB, Akbaş G, Albayrak-Aydemir N, Ammirati S, Anderson J, Anjum G, Ariyanto A, Aruta JJBR, Ashraf M, Bakaitytė A, Becker M, Bertolli C, Bërxulli D, Best DL, Bi C, Block K, Boehnke M, Bongiorno R, Bosak J, Casini A, Chen Q, Chi P, Cubela Adoric V, Daalmans S, de Lemus S, Dhakal S, Dvorianchikov N, Egami S, Etchezahar E, Esteves CS, Froehlich L, Garcia-Sanchez E, Gavreliuc A, Gavreliuc D, Gomez Á, Guizzo F, Graf S, Greijdanus H, Grigoryan A, Grzymała-Moszczyńska J, Guerch K, Gustafsson Sendén M, Hale ML, Hämer H, Hirai M, Hoang Duc L, Hřebíčková M, Hutchings PB, Jensen DH, Karabati S, Kelmendi K, Kengyel G, Khachatryan N, Ghazzawi R, Kinahan M, Kirby TA, Kovacs M, Kozlowski D, Krivoshchekov V, Kryś K, Kulich C, Kurosawa T, Lac An NT, Labarthe-Carrara J, Lauri MA, Latu I, Lawal AM, Li J, Lindner J, Lindqvist A, Maitner AT, Makarova E, Makashvili A, Malayeri S, Malik S, Mancini T, Manzi C, Mari S, Martiny SE, Mayer CH, Mihić V, MiloševićĐorđević J, Moreno-Bella E, Moscatelli S, Moynihan AB, Muller D, Narhetali E, Neto F, Noels KA, Nyúl B, O’Connor EC, Ochoa DP, Ohno S, Olanrewaju Adebayo S, Osborne R, Pacilli MG, Palacio J, Patnaik S, Pavlopoulos V, de León PP, Piterová I, Porto JB, Puzio A, Pyrkosz-Pacyna J, Rentería Pérez E, Renström E, Rousseaux T, Ryan MK, Safdar S, Sainz M, Salvati M, Samekin A, Schindler S, Sevincer AT, Seydi M, Shepherd D, Sherbaji S, Schmader T, Simão C, Sobhie R, Sobiecki J, De Souza L, Sarter E, Sulejmanović D, Sullivan KE, Tatsumi M, Tavitian-Elmadjian L, Thakur SJ, Thi Mong Chi Q, Torre B, Torres A, Torres CV, Türkoğlu B, Ungaretti J, Valshtein T, Van Laar C, van der Noll J, Vasiutynskyi V, Vauclair CM, Vohra N, Walentynowicz M, Ward C, Włodarczyk A, Yang Y, Yzerbyt V, Zanello V, Zapata-Calvente AL, Zawisza M, Žukauskienė R, Żadkowska M. Gendered Self-Views Across 62 Countries: A Test of Competing Models. Social Psychological and Personality Science 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/19485506221129687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Social role theory posits that binary gender gaps in agency and communion should be larger in less egalitarian countries, reflecting these countries’ more pronounced sex-based power divisions. Conversely, evolutionary and self-construal theorists suggest that gender gaps in agency and communion should be larger in more egalitarian countries, reflecting the greater autonomy support and flexible self-construction processes present in these countries. Using data from 62 countries ( N = 28,640), we examine binary gender gaps in agentic and communal self-views as a function of country-level objective gender equality (the Global Gender Gap Index) and subjective distributions of social power (the Power Distance Index). Findings show that in more egalitarian countries, gender gaps in agency are smaller and gender gaps in communality are larger. These patterns are driven primarily by cross-country differences in men’s self-views and by the Power Distance Index (PDI) more robustly than the Global Gender Gap Index (GGGI). We consider possible causes and implications of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Justine Dandy
- Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nihan Albayrak-Aydemir
- London School of Economics and Political Science, UK
- The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | | | - Joel Anderson
- Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Annalisa Casini
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Carla Sofia Esteves
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Católica Lisbon School of Business and Economics, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | - Ángel Gomez
- Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Sylvie Graf
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | - Keltouma Guerch
- Mohamed I University, Oujda, Morocco
- Centre Régional des Mètiers de l’Education et de la Formation de l’Oriental, Oujda, Morocco
| | | | | | | | | | - Lam Hoang Duc
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kuba Kryś
- Institute of Psychology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland
| | | | | | - Nhan Thi Lac An
- University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | | | | | | | - Junyi Li
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jorge Palacio
- Universidad del Norte, Colombia, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michelle K. Ryan
- University of Groningen, The Netherlands
- The Australian National University, Australia
| | | | - Mario Sainz
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Adil Samekin
- School of Liberal Arts, M. Narikbayev KAZGUU University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | | | | | | | | | - Sara Sherbaji
- American University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- University College London, UK
| | - Toni Schmader
- The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Cláudia Simão
- Católica Lisbon School of Business & Economics, Portugal
| | | | | | | | - Emma Sarter
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Beatriz Torre
- University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Ana Torres
- Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Vincent Yzerbyt
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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7
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Jonason PK, Czerwiński SK, Tobaldo F, Ramos-Diaz J, Adamovic M, Adams BG, Ardi R, Bălțătescu S, Cha YS, Chobthamkit P, El-Astal S, Gundolf K, Jukić T, Knezović E, Liik K, Maltby J, Mamuti A, Milfont TL, Moreta-Herrera R, Park J, Piotrowski J, Samekin A, Tiliouine H, Tomšik R, Umeh C, van den Bos K, Vauclair CM, Włodarczyk A, Yahiiaiev I, Żemojtel-Piotrowska M, Sedikides C. Milieu effects on the Dark Triad traits and their sex differences in 49 countries. Personality and Individual Differences 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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8
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Kirkland K, Crimston CR, Jetten J, Rudnev M, Acevedo-Triana C, Amiot CE, Ausmees L, Baguma P, Barry O, Becker M, Bilewicz M, Boonyasiriwat W, Castelain T, Costantini G, Dimdins G, Espinosa A, Finchilescu G, Fischer R, Friese M, Gastardo-Conaco MC, Gómez Á, González R, Goto N, Halama P, Jiga-Boy GM, Kuppens P, Loughnan S, Markovik M, Mastor KA, McLatchie N, Novak LM, Onyekachi BN, Peker M, Rizwan M, Schaller M, Suh EM, Talaifar S, Tong EMW, Torres A, Turner RN, Van Lange PAM, Vauclair CM, Vinogradov A, Wang Z, Yeung VWL, Bastian B. Moral Expansiveness Around the World: The Role of Societal Factors Across 36 Countries. Social Psychological and Personality Science 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/19485506221101767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
What are the things that we think matter morally, and how do societal factors influence this? To date, research has explored several individual-level and historical factors that influence the size of our ‘moral circles.' There has, however, been less attention focused on which societal factors play a role. We present the first multi-national exploration of moral expansiveness—that is, the size of people’s moral circles across countries. We found low generalized trust, greater perceptions of a breakdown in the social fabric of society, and greater perceived economic inequality were associated with smaller moral circles. Generalized trust also helped explain the effects of perceived inequality on lower levels of moral inclusiveness. Other inequality indicators (i.e., Gini coefficients) were, however, unrelated to moral expansiveness. These findings suggest that societal factors, especially those associated with generalized trust, may influence the size of our moral circles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ángel Gómez
- Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Peter Halama
- Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mark Schaller
- The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Ana Torres
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
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9
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Krys K, Yeung JC, Capaldi CA, Lun VMC, Torres C, van Tilburg WAP, Bond MH, Zelenski JM, Haas BW, Park J, Maricchiolo F, Vauclair CM, Kosiarczyk A, Kocimska-Zych A, Kwiatkowska A, Adamovic M, Pavlopoulos V, Fülöp M, Sirlopu D, Okvitawanli A, Boer D, Teyssier J, Malyonova A, Gavreliuc A, Uchida Y, Serdarevich U, Akotia C, Appoh L, Mira, D.M. A, Baltin A, Denoux P, Dominguez-Espinosa A, Esteves CS, Gamsakhurdia V, Garðarsdóttir RB, Igbokwe DO, Igou ER, Işık İ, Kascakova N, Klůzová Kračmárová L, Kronberger N, Lee JH, Liu X, Barrientos PE, Mohorić T, Mustaffa NF, Mosca O, Nader M, Nadi A, van Osch Y, Pavlović Z, Poláčková Šolcová I, Rizwan M, Romashov V, Røysamb E, Sargautyte R, Schwarz B, Selecká L, Selim HA, Stogianni M, Sun CR, Xing C, Vignoles VL. Societal emotional environments and cross-cultural differences in life satisfaction: A forty-nine country study. The Journal of Positive Psychology 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2020.1858332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuba Krys
- Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Kokoro Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - June Chun Yeung
- Department of Applied Psychology, Lingnan University, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong
| | | | - Vivian Miu-Chi Lun
- Department of Applied Psychology, Lingnan University, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong
| | - Claudio Torres
- Institute of Psychology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | - Michael Harris Bond
- Department of Management and Marketing, Faculty of Business, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | | | - Brian W. Haas
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States
| | - Joonha Park
- Graduate School of Management, NUCB Business School, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | | | - Aleksandra Kosiarczyk
- Wroclaw Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Kocimska-Zych
- Wroclaw Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Kwiatkowska
- Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Vassilis Pavlopoulos
- Department of Psychology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Márta Fülöp
- Institute of Psychology, Károli Gáspár University of the Reformed Church, Budapest, Hungary
- Research Centre of Natural Sciences, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
| | - David Sirlopu
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad del Desarrollo, Concepción, Chile
| | | | - Diana Boer
- Institute of Psychology, University of Koblenz-Landau, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Julien Teyssier
- Département Psychologie Clinique Du Sujet, Université Toulouse II, Toulouse, France
| | - Arina Malyonova
- Department of General and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology Dostoevsky Omsk State University, Omsk, Russia
| | - Alin Gavreliuc
- Department of Psychology, West University of Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Yukiko Uchida
- Kokoro Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | | | - Charity Akotia
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Ghana, Ghana
| | - Lily Appoh
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, Norway
| | | | - Arno Baltin
- School of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Patrick Denoux
- Département Psychologie Clinique Du Sujet, Université Toulouse II, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Carla Sofia Esteves
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Católica Lisbon School of Business & Economics, Católica Lisbon Research Unit in Business and Economics, Portugal
| | | | | | | | - Eric R. Igou
- Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick, Republic of Ireland
| | - İdil Işık
- Organizational Psychology Master’s Program, Istanbul Bilgi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Natalia Kascakova
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Psychiatric Clinic Pro Mente Sana, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucie Klůzová Kračmárová
- Department of Christian Education, Cyril and Methodius Faculty of Theology, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Nicole Kronberger
- Institute for Education and Psychology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - J. Hannah Lee
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University Northwest, Gary, Indiana, United States
| | - Xinhui Liu
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | | | - Tamara Mohorić
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Nur Fariza Mustaffa
- Department of Business Administration, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Oriana Mosca
- Department of Education, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Martin Nader
- Department of Psychological Studies, Universidad ICESI, Cali, Colombia
| | - Azar Nadi
- Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Yvette van Osch
- Department of Social Psychology, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, The Netherlands
| | - Zoran Pavlović
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Psychology, University of Haripur, KPK, Pakistan
| | | | - Espen Røysamb
- Department of Psychology, University of Haripur, KPK, Pakistan
| | | | - Beate Schwarz
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Lenka Selecká
- Department of Applied Psychology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Heyla A. Selim
- University of St. Cyril and Methodius of Trnava, Trnava, Slovakia
| | | | - Chien-Ru Sun
- Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Cai Xing
- Department of Psychology, National Chengchi University, Taiwan, Republic of China
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10
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Walter KV, Conroy-Beam D, Buss DM, Asao K, Sorokowska A, Sorokowski P, Aavik T, Akello G, Alhabahba MM, Alm C, Amjad N, Anjum A, Atama CS, Duyar DA, Ayebare R, Batres C, Bendixen M, Bensafia A, Bizumic B, Boussena M, Butovskaya M, Can S, Cantarero K, Carrier A, Cetinkaya H, Croy I, Cueto RM, Czub M, Dronova D, Dural S, Duyar I, Ertugrul B, Espinosa A, Estevan I, Esteves CS, Fang L, Frackowiak T, Garduño JC, González KU, Guemaz F, Gyuris P, Halamová M, Herak I, Horvat M, Hromatko I, Hui CM, Jaafar JL, Jiang F, Kafetsios K, Kavčič T, Kennair LEO, Kervyn N, Khanh Ha TT, Khilji IA, Köbis NC, Lan HM, Láng A, Lennard GR, León E, Lindholm T, Linh TT, Lopez G, Luot NV, Mailhos A, Manesi Z, Martinez R, McKerchar SL, Meskó N, Misra G, Monaghan C, Mora EC, Moya-Garófano A, Musil B, Natividade JC, Niemczyk A, Nizharadze G, Oberzaucher E, Oleszkiewicz A, Omar-Fauzee MS, Onyishi IE, Özener B, Pagani AF, Pakalniskiene V, Parise M, Pazhoohi F, Pisanski A, Pisanski K, Ponciano E, Popa C, Prokop P, Rizwan M, Sainz M, Salkičević S, Sargautyte R, Sarmány-Schuller I, Schmehl S, Sharad S, Siddiqui RS, Simonetti F, Stoyanova SY, Tadinac M, Correa Varella MA, Vauclair CM, Vega LD, Widarini DA, Yoo G, Zaťková MM, Zupančič M. Sex differences in human mate preferences vary across sex ratios. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20211115. [PMID: 34284630 PMCID: PMC8292757 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.1115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide range of literature connects sex ratio and mating behaviours in non-human animals. However, research examining sex ratio and human mating is limited in scope. Prior work has examined the relationship between sex ratio and desire for short-term, uncommitted mating as well as outcomes such as marriage and divorce rates. Less empirical attention has been directed towards the relationship between sex ratio and mate preferences, despite the importance of mate preferences in the human mating literature. To address this gap, we examined sex ratio's relationship to the variation in preferences for attractiveness, resources, kindness, intelligence and health in a long-term mate across 45 countries (n = 14 487). We predicted that mate preferences would vary according to relative power of choice on the mating market, with increased power derived from having relatively few competitors and numerous potential mates. We found that each sex tended to report more demanding preferences for attractiveness and resources where the opposite sex was abundant, compared to where the opposite sex was scarce. This pattern dovetails with those found for mating strategies in humans and mate preferences across species, highlighting the importance of sex ratio for understanding variation in human mate preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn V. Walter
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Daniel Conroy-Beam
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - David M. Buss
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Kelly Asao
- Department of Psychology, Westminster College, Salt Lake City, UT 84105, USA
| | - Agnieszka Sorokowska
- Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw 50137, Poland
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Piotr Sorokowski
- Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw 50137, Poland
| | - Toivo Aavik
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50090, Estonia
| | - Grace Akello
- Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, Gulu 166, Uganda
| | | | - Charlotte Alm
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - Naumana Amjad
- Department of Applied Psychology, NUR International University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Afifa Anjum
- Institute of Applied Psychology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | - Carlota Batres
- Department of Psychology, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster 17603, USA
| | - Mons Bendixen
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Aicha Bensafia
- Laboratory Education-Formation-Travail (EFORT), Department of Sociology, and
| | - Boris Bizumic
- Research School of Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Mahmoud Boussena
- Laboratory EFORT, Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Algiers 2, Algiers 16000, Algeria
| | - Marina Butovskaya
- Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Center for Social Anthropology, Russian State University for the Humanities, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Seda Can
- Department of Psychology, Izmir University of Economics, Izmir 35300, Turkey
| | - Katarzyna Cantarero
- Social Behavior Research Center, Faculty in Wroclaw, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Wroclaw 53238, Poland
| | - Antonin Carrier
- Psychology Faculty (Center for the Study of Social Behavior), and
| | - Hakan Cetinkaya
- Department of Psychology, Ankara University, Ankara 6560, Turkey
| | - Ilona Croy
- Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden 1069, Germany
| | - Rosa María Cueto
- Grupo de Psicología Política y Social (GPPS), Departamento de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima 15088, Perú
| | - Marcin Czub
- Department of Psychology, Westminster College, Salt Lake City, UT 84105, USA
| | - Daria Dronova
- Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Seda Dural
- Department of Psychology, Izmir University of Economics, Izmir 35300, Turkey
| | - Izzet Duyar
- Deparment of Anthropology, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34452, Turkey
| | - Berna Ertugrul
- Deparment of Anthropology, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34452, Turkey
| | - Agustín Espinosa
- Grupo de Psicología Política y Social (GPPS), Departamento de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima 15088, Perú
| | - Ignacio Estevan
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de la República, Motevideo 11200, Uruguay
| | - Carla Sofia Esteves
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Católica Lisbon School of Business and Economics, Católica Lisbon Research Unit in Business and Economics, Portugal
| | - Luxi Fang
- Department of Psychology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tomasz Frackowiak
- Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw 50137, Poland
| | | | | | - Farida Guemaz
- Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Sétif2, Sétif 16000, Algeria
| | - Petra Gyuris
- Institute of Psychology, University of Pécs, Pécs 7624, Hungary
| | - Mária Halamová
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Health Care, Department of Psychological Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra 94974, Slovakia
| | - Iskra Herak
- Louvain Research Institute in Management and Organisations (LOURiM), Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve 1348, Belgium
| | - Marina Horvat
- Faculty of Arts, Department of Psychology, University of Maribor, Maribor 2000, Slovenia
| | - Ivana Hromatko
- Department of Psychology, Faculty for Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Chin-Ming Hui
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Unidad Morelia UNAM, Morelia 58190, Mexico
| | - Jas Laile Jaafar
- Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Feng Jiang
- Organization and Human Resource Management, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing 102202, People's Republic of China
| | - Konstantinos Kafetsios
- School of Fine Arts, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece and Katedra Psychologie, Palacký University Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Nicolas Kervyn
- Louvain Research Institute in Management and Organisations (LOURiM), Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve 1348, Belgium
| | - Truong Thi Khanh Ha
- Department of Psychology, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Imran Ahmed Khilji
- Department of Psychology, Islamabad Model College for Boys, F-10/4, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Nils C. Köbis
- Center for Research in Experimental Economics and Political Decision Making, Department of Economics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081, The Netherlands
| | - Hoang Moc Lan
- Department of Psychology, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - András Láng
- Institute of Psychology, University of Pécs, Pécs 7624, Hungary
| | - Georgina R. Lennard
- Research School of Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Ernesto León
- Grupo de Psicología Política y Social (GPPS), Departamento de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima 15088, Perú
| | - Torun Lindholm
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - Trinh Thi Linh
- Department of Psychology, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Giulia Lopez
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan 20123, Italy
| | - Nguyen Van Luot
- Department of Psychology, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Alvaro Mailhos
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de la República, Motevideo 11200, Uruguay
| | - Zoi Manesi
- Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081, The Netherlands
| | - Rocio Martinez
- Department of Social Psychology, University of Granada, Grenada 18010, Spain
| | - Sarah L. McKerchar
- Research School of Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Norbert Meskó
- Institute of Psychology, University of Pécs, Pécs 7624, Hungary
| | - Girishwar Misra
- Department of Psychology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110021, India
| | - Conal Monaghan
- Research School of Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Emanuel C. Mora
- Department of Animal and Human Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Havana, Cuba
| | - Alba Moya-Garófano
- Department of Psychology, Islamabad Model College for Boys, F-10/4, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Bojan Musil
- Faculty of Arts, Department of Psychology, University of Maribor, Maribor 2000, Slovenia
| | - Jean Carlos Natividade
- Department of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22451-000, Brazil
| | | | - George Nizharadze
- Department of Social Sciences, Free University of Tbilisi, Tbilisi 2, Georgia
| | | | - Anna Oleszkiewicz
- Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw 50137, Poland
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | | | - Ike E. Onyishi
- Department of Psychology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410002, Nigeria
| | - Baris Özener
- Deparment of Anthropology, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34452, Turkey
| | | | | | - Miriam Parise
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan 20123, Italy
| | - Farid Pazhoohi
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Annette Pisanski
- Department of Animal and Human Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Havana, Cuba
| | - Katarzyna Pisanski
- Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw 50137, Poland
- Equipe de Neuro-Ethologie Sensorielle (ENES), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne, France
- CNRS National Center for Scientific Research, Dynamic Language Laboratory, University Lyon 2, Lyon, France
| | - Edna Ponciano
- Institute of Psychology, University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil
- Center of Social Studies, University of Coimbra, 3004 Coimba, Portugal
| | - Camelia Popa
- Department of Psychology—Institute of Philosophy and Psychology “C. Rădulescu Motru” of Romanian Academy, UNATC Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Pavol Prokop
- Department of Environmental Ecology and Landscape Management, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava 84215, Slovakia
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava 84506, Slovakia
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Psychology, University of Haripur, 22620, Pakistan
| | - Mario Sainz
- Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Svjetlana Salkičević
- Department of Psychology, Faculty for Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Ruta Sargautyte
- Institute of Psychology, Vilnius University, Vilnius 1513, Lithuania
| | - Ivan Sarmány-Schuller
- Center for Social and Psychological Sciences, Institute of Experimental Psychology SAS, Bratislava, 84104, Slovakia
| | - Susanne Schmehl
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Shivantika Sharad
- Department of Applied Psychology, Vivekananda College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110095, India
| | - Razi Sultan Siddiqui
- Department of Management Sciences, DHA Suffa University, Karachi 75500, Pakistan
| | - Franco Simonetti
- School of Psychology, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | | | - Meri Tadinac
- Department of Psychology, Faculty for Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Marco Antonio Correa Varella
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-030, Brazil
| | | | - Luis Diego Vega
- Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Sétif2, Sétif 16000, Algeria
| | - Dwi Ajeng Widarini
- Fakultas Ilmu Komunikasi, Universitas Prof. Dr Moestopo (Beragama), Jakarta 10270, Indonesia
| | - Gyesook Yoo
- Department of Child and Family Studies, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 024-47, Republic of Korea
| | - Marta Marta Zaťková
- Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Sétif2, Sétif 16000, Algeria
| | - Maja Zupančič
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
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11
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Bernardes SF, Matos M, Mourão S, Vauclair CM. Cultural adaptation and psychometric validation of the Portuguese breakthrough pain assessment tool with cancer patients. Scand J Pain 2021; 21:688-695. [PMID: 33930265 DOI: 10.1515/sjpain-2021-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Breakthrough cancer pain (BTcP) is a transient exacerbation of pain that occurs over persistent, stable, and adequately controlled cancer background pain. It is prevalent and bears severe consequences to patients' quality-of-life. The effective management of BTcP depends on fast and reliable (re)assessment. The Breakthrough pain Assessment Tool (BAT) is one of the most concise and reliable self-report instruments adapted to clinical contexts so far, showing good psychometric qualities in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and South Korea. As to promote the effective management of BTcP in Portuguese-speaking communities this study, first aimed to culturally adapt and validate the Portuguese version of the BAT (BAT-Pt). Second, and most importantly, it sought to provide novel evidence on its criterion validity by investigating its association with measures of psychological distress, which has not been yet investigated. METHODS The BAT was translated into European Portuguese, using the back-translation method, and culturally adapted. Its psychometric properties (factor structure, internal consistency, construct and criterion validity) were analyzed in a cross-sectional multicenter study, with a sample of 65 cancer patients (49.2% women) recruited from eight hospitals in mainland Portugal (a priori power analysis determined a minimum sample of 50). Health professionals collected patients' clinical information, assessed their functional disability (ECOG Performance Status) and the adequacy of pain control. In addition to the Portuguese version of the BAT (BAT_Pt), patients completed the Portuguese versions of the Brief Pain Inventory, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, a Distress Thermometer and answered questions about the adequacy of pain control. RESULTS The BAT-Pt was very well accepted by experts and patients. As hypothesized, a Principal Axis Factor Analysis revealed two underlying factors accounting for 55.2% of the variance: (1) Pain Severity and Impact of BTcP and (2) Duration of BTcP and Medication Inefficacy. Two items (on episode frequency and medication efficacy) were analyzed separately given their lower/cross loadings. The BAT-Pt showed good internal consistency overall (α=0.79) and for each sub-scale, namely, Pain Severity and Impact of BTcP (n=5 items; α=0.86) and Duration of BTcP and Medication Inefficacy (n=2 items; rsb=0.62). The BAT-Pt showed good convergent validity, being moderately to strongly associated with overall pain severity and interference (0.46<r<0.77, p<0.001). It also showed good concurrent validity by being associated not only with physical outcomes - such as functional disability (r=0.40, p<0.001) and patient- and physician-determined adequacy of BTcP control (|0.25<rpb<0.63|, p s <0.05) - but also, with distress (0.33<r<0.46, p s <0.001), anxiety (0.28<r<0.44, p s <0.05) and depression (r=0.47, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The BAT-Pt is a reliable and valid measure of breakthrough pain in Portuguese cancer patients and it is strongly associated to physical and psychological outcomes. This study confirms and extends the psychometric validation of the BAT to a new cultural context, promoting its diffusion and use by researchers and clinicians in Portuguese-speaking communities. The BAT-Pt may be an invaluable tool for daily clinical practice by tapping multiple aspects of BTcP experiences that are associated to patients' physical and psychological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia F Bernardes
- Iscte-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (Iscte-IUL), Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social (CIS-Iscte), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marta Matos
- Iscte-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (Iscte-IUL), Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social (CIS-Iscte), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Susana Mourão
- Iscte-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (Iscte-IUL), Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social (CIS-Iscte), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Christin-Melanie Vauclair
- Iscte-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (Iscte-IUL), Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social (CIS-Iscte), Lisbon, Portugal
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12
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Bosson JK, Jurek P, Vandello JA, Kosakowska-Berezecka N, Olech M, Besta T, Bender M, Hoorens V, Becker M, Timur Sevincer A, Best DL, Safdar S, Włodarczyk A, Zawisza M, Żadkowska M, Abuhamdeh S, Badu Agyemang C, Akbaş G, Albayrak-Aydemir N, Ammirati S, Anderson J, Anjum G, Ariyanto A, Jamir Benzon R. Aruta J, Ashraf M, Bakaitytė A, Bertolli C, Bërxulli D, Bi C, Block K, Boehnke M, Bongiorno R, Bosak J, Casini A, Chen Q, Chi P, Cubela Adoric V, Daalmans S, Dandy J, Lemus SD, Dhakal S, Dvorianchikov N, Egami S, Etchezahar E, Sofia Esteves C, Felix N, Froehlich L, Garcia-Sanchez E, Gavreliuc A, Gavreliuc D, Gomez Á, Guizzo F, Graf S, Greijdanus H, Grigoryan A, Grzymała-Moszczyńska J, Guerch K, Gustafsson Sendén M, Hale ML, Hämer H, Hirai M, Hoang Duc L, Hřebíčková M, Hutchings PB, Høj Jensen D, Jasinskaja-Lahti I, Karabati S, Kelmendi K, Kengyel G, Khachatryan N, Ghazzawi R, Kinahan M, Kirby TA, Kovács M, Kozlowski D, Krivoshchekov V, Kulich C, Kurosawa T, Thi Lac An N, Labarthe J, Latu I, Anne Lauri M, Mankowski E, Musbau Lawal A, Li J, Lindner J, Lindqvist A, Maitner AT, Makarova E, Makashvili A, Malayeri S, Malik S, Mancini T, Manzi C, Mari S, Martiny SE, Mayer CH, Mihić V, Milošević Đorđević J, Moreno-Bella E, Moscatelli S, Bryan Moynihan A, Muller D, Narhetali E, Neto F, Noels KA, Nyúl B, O’Connor EC, Ochoa DP, Ohno S, Olanrewaju Adebayo S, Osborne R, Giuseppina Pacilli M, Palacio J, Patnaik S, Pavlopoulos V, Pérez de León P, Piterová I, Barreiros Porto J, Puzio A, Pyrkosz-Pacyna J, Rentería Pérez E, Renström E, Rousseaux T, Ryan MK, Sainz M, Salvati M, Samekin A, Schindler S, Seydi M, Shepherd D, Sherbaji S, Schmader T, Simão C, Sobhie R, Souza LD, Sarter E, Sulejmanović D, Sullivan KE, Tatsumi M, Tavitian-Elmadjian L, Jain Thakur S, Thi Mong Chi Q, Torre B, Torres A, Torres CV, Türkoğlu B, Ungaretti J, Valshtein T, Van Laar C, van der Noll J, Vasiutynskyi V, Vauclair CM, Venäläinen S, Vohra N, Walentynowicz M, Ward C, Yang Y, Yzerbyt V, Zanello V, Ludmila Zapata-Calvente A, Žukauskienė R. Psychometric Properties and Correlates of Precarious Manhood Beliefs in 62 Nations. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/0022022121997997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Precarious manhood beliefs portray manhood, relative to womanhood, as a social status that is hard to earn, easy to lose, and proven via public action. Here, we present cross-cultural data on a brief measure of precarious manhood beliefs (the Precarious Manhood Beliefs scale [PMB]) that covaries meaningfully with other cross-culturally validated gender ideologies and with country-level indices of gender equality and human development. Using data from university samples in 62 countries across 13 world regions ( N = 33,417), we demonstrate: (1) the psychometric isomorphism of the PMB (i.e., its comparability in meaning and statistical properties across the individual and country levels); (2) the PMB’s distinctness from, and associations with, ambivalent sexism and ambivalence toward men; and (3) associations of the PMB with nation-level gender equality and human development. Findings are discussed in terms of their statistical and theoretical implications for understanding widely-held beliefs about the precariousness of the male gender role.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael Bender
- Tilburg University, Noord-Brabant, Netherlands
- Gratia Christian College, Hong Kong
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Joel Anderson
- Australian Catholic University, Australia
- La Trobe University, Australia
| | - Gulnaz Anjum
- Institute of Business Administration Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Neto Felix
- Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | - Ángel Gomez
- Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Keltouma Guerch
- CRMEF (Centre Régional des métiers de l’Education et de la Formation) Oujda, Morocco
| | | | | | | | | | - Lam Hoang Duc
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ioana Latu
- Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | | | | | | | - Junyi Li
- Sichuan Normal University, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Adil Samekin
- International Islamic Academy of Uzbekistan, Uzbekistan
| | | | | | | | - Sara Sherbaji
- American University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Cláudia Simão
- Católica Lisbon School of Business & Economics, Portugal
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13
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Sorokowska A, Saluja S, Sorokowski P, Frąckowiak T, Karwowski M, Aavik T, Akello G, Alm C, Amjad N, Anjum A, Asao K, Atama CS, Atamtürk Duyar D, Ayebare R, Batres C, Bendixen M, Bensafia A, Bizumic B, Boussena M, Buss DM, Butovskaya M, Can S, Cantarero K, Carrier A, Cetinkaya H, Chabin D, Conroy-Beam D, Contreras-Graduño J, Varella MAC, Cueto RM, Czub M, Dronova D, Dural S, Duyar I, Ertugrul B, Espinosa A, Esteves CS, Guemaz F, Haľamová M, Herak I, Hromatko I, Hui CM, Jaafar JL, Jiang F, Kafetsios K, Kavcic T, Kennair LEO, Kervyn NO, Khilji IA, Köbis NC, Kostic A, Láng A, Lennard GR, León E, Lindholm T, Lopez G, Manesi Z, Martinez R, McKerchar SL, Meskó N, Misra G, Monaghan C, Mora EC, Moya-Garofano A, Musil B, Natividade JC, Nizharadze G, Oberzaucher E, Oleszkiewicz A, Onyishi IE, Özener B, Pagani AF, Pakalniskiene V, Parise M, Pazhoohi F, Pejičić M, Pisanski A, Pisanski K, Plohl N, Popa C, Prokop P, Rizwan M, Sainz M, Salkičević S, Sargautyte R, Sarmany-Schuller I, Schmehl S, Shahid A, Shaikh R, Sharad S, Siddiqui RS, Simonetti F, Tadinac M, Ugalde González K, Uhryn O, Vauclair CM, Vega Araya LD, Widarini DA, Yoo G, Zadeh ZF, Zaťková M, Zupančič M, Croy I. Affective Interpersonal Touch in Close Relationships: A Cross-Cultural Perspective. Pers Soc Psychol Bull 2021; 47:1705-1721. [PMID: 33615910 DOI: 10.1177/0146167220988373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Interpersonal touch behavior differs across cultures, yet no study to date has systematically tested for cultural variation in affective touch, nor examined the factors that might account for this variability. Here, over 14,000 individuals from 45 countries were asked whether they embraced, stroked, kissed, or hugged their partner, friends, and youngest child during the week preceding the study. We then examined a range of hypothesized individual-level factors (sex, age, parasitic history, conservatism, religiosity, and preferred interpersonal distance) and cultural-level factors (regional temperature, parasite stress, regional conservatism, collectivism, and religiosity) in predicting these affective-touching behaviors. Our results indicate that affective touch was most prevalent in relationships with partners and children, and its diversity was relatively higher in warmer, less conservative, and religious countries, and among younger, female, and liberal people. This research allows for a broad and integrated view of the bases of cross-cultural variability in affective touch.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Supreet Saluja
- Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mons Bendixen
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Boris Bizumic
- The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Seda Can
- Izmir University of Economics, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Daria Dronova
- Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mária Haľamová
- Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Iskra Herak
- Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | | | - Chin-Ming Hui
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
| | | | - Feng Jiang
- Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nils C Köbis
- Center for Humans and Machines, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Germany
| | | | | | - Georgina R Lennard
- The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Ernesto León
- Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Giulia Lopez
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy
| | - Zoi Manesi
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sarah L McKerchar
- The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | | | | | - Conal Monaghan
- The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anna Oleszkiewicz
- University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland.,Taste and Smell Centre, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pavol Prokop
- Comenius University, Slovakia.,Slovak Academy of Sciences, Slovakia
| | | | - Mario Sainz
- University of Monterrey, San Pedro Garza Garcia, Mexico
| | | | | | - Ivan Sarmany-Schuller
- Center for Social and Psychological Sciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Slovakia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Olga Uhryn
- Lviv State University of Internal Affairs, Ukraine
| | | | | | | | - Gyesook Yoo
- Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Marta Zaťková
- Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovakia
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14
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Sorokowski P, Sorokowska A, Karwowski M, Groyecka A, Aavik T, Akello G, Alm C, Amjad N, Anjum A, Asao K, Atama CS, Atamtürk Duyar D, Ayebare R, Batres C, Bendixen M, Bensafia A, Bizumic B, Boussena M, Buss DM, Butovskaya M, Can S, Cantarero K, Carrier A, Çetinkaya H, Chabin D, Conroy-Beam D, Croy I, Cueto RM, Czub M, Dronova D, Dural S, Duyar I, Ertugrul B, Espinosa A, Estevan I, Esteves CS, Frackowiak T, Graduño JC, Guemaz F, Ha Thu T, Haľamová M, Herak I, Horvat M, Hromatko I, Hui CM, Jaafar JL, Jiang F, Kafetsios K, Kavcic T, Kennair LEO, Kervyn N, Köbis NC, Kostic A, Krasnodębska A, Láng A, Lennard GR, León E, Lindholm T, Lopez G, Alhabahba MM, Mailhos A, Manesi Z, Martinez R, Sainz Martinez M, McKerchar SL, Meskó N, Misra G, Monaghan C, Mora EC, Moya-Garófano A, Musil B, Natividade JC, Nizharadze G, Oberzaucher E, Oleszkiewicz A, Omar Fauzee MS, Onyishi IE, Özener B, Pagani AF, Pakalniskiene V, Parise M, Pawłowski B, Pazhoohi F, Pejičić M, Pisanski A, Pisanski K, Plohl N, Ponciano E, Popa C, Prokop P, Przepiórka A, Quang Lam T, Rizwan M, Różycka-Tran J, Salkičević S, Sargautyte R, Sarmany-Schuller I, Schmehl S, Shahid A, Shaikh R, Sharad S, Simonetti F, Tadinac M, Thi Khanh Ha T, Ugalde González K, Vauclair CM, Vega LD, Widarini DA, Wojciszke B, Yoo G, Zadeh ZF, Zaťková M, Zupančič M, Sternberg RJ. Universality of the Triangular Theory of Love: Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of the Triangular Love Scale in 25 Countries. J Sex Res 2021; 58:106-115. [PMID: 32783568 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2020.1787318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Triangular Theory of Love (measured with Sternberg's Triangular Love Scale - STLS) is a prominent theoretical concept in empirical research on love. To expand the culturally homogeneous body of previous psychometric research regarding the STLS, we conducted a large-scale cross-cultural study with the use of this scale. In total, we examined more than 11,000 respondents, but as a result of applied exclusion criteria, the final analyses were based on a sample of 7332 participants from 25 countries (from all inhabited continents). We tested configural invariance, metric invariance, and scalar invariance, all of which confirmed the cultural universality of the theoretical construct of love analyzed in our study. We also observed that levels of love components differ depending on relationship duration, following the dynamics suggested in the Triangular Theory of Love. Supplementary files with all our data, including results on love intensity across different countries along with STLS versions adapted in a few dozen languages, will further enable more extensive research on the Triangular Theory of Love.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Sorokowski
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, University of Wroclaw and Smell and Taste Clinic
| | - Agnieszka Sorokowska
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, University of Wroclaw and Smell and Taste Clinic
| | - Maciej Karwowski
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, University of Wroclaw and Smell and Taste Clinic
| | - Agata Groyecka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, University of Wroclaw and Smell and Taste Clinic
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mons Bendixen
- Norwegian University of Technology and Science (NTNU)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marina Butovskaya
- Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - Seda Can
- Department of Psychology, Ankara University
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ilona Croy
- Technische Universität Dresden Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine
| | | | - Marcin Czub
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, University of Wroclaw and Smell and Taste Clinic
| | - Daria Dronova
- Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - Seda Dural
- Department of Psychology, Ankara University
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tomasz Frackowiak
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, University of Wroclaw and Smell and Taste Clinic
| | | | | | - Tran Ha Thu
- University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anna Oleszkiewicz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, University of Wroclaw and Smell and Taste Clinic
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bogusław Pawłowski
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, University of Wroclaw and Smell and Taste Clinic
| | | | | | | | - Katarzyna Pisanski
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, University of Wroclaw and Smell and Taste Clinic
| | | | | | | | - Pavol Prokop
- Comenius University and Slovak Academy of Sciences
| | | | - Truong Quang Lam
- University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bogdan Wojciszke
- University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University
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15
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Rudnev M, Vauclair CM, Aminihajibashi S, Becker M, Bilewicz M, Castellanos Guevara JL, Collier-Baker E, Crespo C, Eastwick P, Fischer R, Friese M, Gomez A, Guerra V, Hanke K, Hooper N, Huang LL, Karasawa M, Kuppens P, Loughnan S, Peker M, Pelay C, Pina A, Sachkova M, Saguy T, Shi J, Silfver-Kuhalampi M, Sortheix F, Swann W, Tong J(YY, Yeung VWL, Bastian B. Measurement invariance of the moral vitalism scale across 28 cultural groups. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233989. [PMID: 32516333 PMCID: PMC7282638 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Moral vitalism refers to a tendency to view good and evil as actual forces that can influence people and events. The Moral Vitalism Scale had been designed to assess moral vitalism in a brief survey form. Previous studies established the reliability and validity of the scale in US-American and Australian samples. In this study, the cross-cultural comparability of the scale was tested across 28 different cultural groups worldwide through measurement invariance tests. A series of exact invariance tests marginally supported partial metric invariance, however, an approximate invariance approach provided evidence of partial scalar invariance for a 5-item measure. The established level of measurement invariance allows for comparisons of latent means across cultures. We conclude that the brief measure of moral vitalism is invariant across 28 cultures and can be used to estimate levels of moral vitalism with the same precision across very different cultural settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim Rudnev
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
- Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), CIS-IUL, Lisboa, Portugal
- * E-mail:
| | | | | | - Maja Becker
- CLLE, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | - Carla Crespo
- CICPSI, Faculty of Psychology, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paul Eastwick
- University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Ronald Fischer
- Victoria University of Wellington & Instituto D’Or de Pesquisa e Ensino, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - Angel Gomez
- Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Katja Hanke
- University of Applied Management Studies, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nic Hooper
- University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Cesar Pelay
- Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | | | - Marianna Sachkova
- Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tamar Saguy
- Interdisciplinary Center (IDC) Herzliya, Herzliya, Israel
| | - Junqi Shi
- Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | | | - William Swann
- University of Texas Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
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16
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Rogoza R, Żemojtel-Piotrowska M, Jonason PK, Piotrowski J, Campbell KW, Gebauer JE, Maltby J, Sedikides C, Adamovic M, Adams BG, Ang RP, Ardi R, Atitsogbe KA, Baltatescu S, Bilić S, Bodroža B, Gruneau Brulin J, Bundhoo Poonoosamy HY, Chaleeraktrakoon T, Del Carmen Dominguez A, Dragova-Koleva S, El-Astal S, Eldesoki WLM, Gouveia VV, Gundolf K, Ilisko D, Jukić T, Kamble SV, Khachatryan N, Klicperova-Baker M, Kovacs M, Kozytska I, Larzabal Fernandez A, Lehmann K, Lei X, Liik K, McCain J, Milfont TL, Nehrlich A, Osin E, Özsoy E, Park J, Ramos-Diaz J, Riđić O, Qadir A, Samekin A, Tiliouine H, Tomsik R, Umeh CS, van den Bos K, Van Hiel A, Vauclair CM, Włodarczyk A. Structure of Dark Triad Dirty Dozen Across Eight World Regions. Assessment 2020; 28:1125-1135. [PMID: 32484407 DOI: 10.1177/1073191120922611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Dark Triad (i.e., narcissism, psychopathy, Machiavellianism) has garnered intense attention over the past 15 years. We examined the structure of these traits' measure-the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen (DTDD)-in a sample of 11,488 participants from three W.E.I.R.D. (i.e., North America, Oceania, Western Europe) and five non-W.E.I.R.D. (i.e., Asia, Middle East, non-Western Europe, South America, sub-Saharan Africa) world regions. The results confirmed the measurement invariance of the DTDD across participants' sex in all world regions, with men scoring higher than women on all traits (except for psychopathy in Asia, where the difference was not significant). We found evidence for metric (and partial scalar) measurement invariance within and between W.E.I.R.D. and non-W.E.I.R.D. world regions. The results generally support the structure of the DTDD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter K Jonason
- Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Warsaw, Poland.,University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | - Jochen E Gebauer
- University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.,University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Byron G Adams
- Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium, and University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Rebecca P Ang
- National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Rahkman Ardi
- Airlangga University, Surabaya, Jawa Timur, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Snežana Bilić
- International Balkan University, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tomislav Jukić
- Josip Juraj Strossmayer University, Osijek, Republic of Croatia
| | | | | | | | | | - Inna Kozytska
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kiïv, Ukraine
| | | | - Konrad Lehmann
- Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Sachsen, Germany
| | - Xuejun Lei
- Zhanjiang Normal University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Kadi Liik
- Tallinn University, Tallinn, Harjumaa, Estonia
| | | | | | | | - Evgeny Osin
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Ognjen Riđić
- International University of Sarajevo (IUS), Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH)
| | - Abdul Qadir
- Independent researcher, Isalamabad, Pakistan
| | - Adil Samekin
- S. Toraighyrov Pavlodar State University, Pavlodar, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Robert Tomsik
- Research Institute for Child Psychology and Pathopsychology, Nitra, Slovakia
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17
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Kowal M, Sorokowski P, Sorokowska A, Dobrowolska M, Pisanski K, Oleszkiewicz A, Aavik T, Akello G, Alm C, Amjad N, Anjum A, Asao K, Atama CS, Atamtürk Duyar D, Ayebare R, Bendixen M, Bensafia A, Bizumic B, Boussena M, Buss DM, Butovskaya M, Can S, Cantarero K, Carrier A, Cetinkaya H, Conroy-Beam D, Varella MAC, Cueto RM, Czub M, Dronova D, Dural S, Duyar I, Ertugrul B, Espinosa A, Estevan I, Esteves CS, Frackowiak T, Contreras-Graduño J, Guemaz F, Hromatko I, Hui CM, Herak I, Jaafar JL, Jiang F, Kafetsios K, Kavcic T, Kennair LEO, Kervyn N, Köbis NC, Láng A, Lennard GR, León E, Lindholm T, Lopez G, Madallh Alhabahba M, Mailhos A, Manesi Z, Martínez R, McKerchar SL, Meskó N, Misra G, Moc Lan H, Monaghan C, Mora EC, Moya Garófano A, Musil B, Natividade JC, Nizharadze G, Oberzaucher E, Omar Fauzee MS, Onyishi IE, Özener B, Pagani AF, Pakalniskiene V, Parise M, Pazhoohi F, Perun M, Pisanski A, Plohl N, Popa C, Prokop P, Rizwan M, Sainz M, Salkičević S, Sargautyte R, Schmehl S, Senyk O, Shaikh R, Sharad S, Simonetti F, Tadinac M, Thi Khanh Ha T, Thi Linh T, Ugalde González K, Van Luot N, Vauclair CM, Vega LD, Yoo G, Yordanova Stoyanova S, Zadeh ZF, Zupančič M. Reasons for Facebook Usage: Data From 46 Countries. Front Psychol 2020; 11:711. [PMID: 32425849 PMCID: PMC7204544 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Anna Oleszkiewicz
- University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Smell and Taste Clinic, Carl Gustav Carus Medical School, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kelly Asao
- Westminster College, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | | | | | | | - Mons Bendixen
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Boris Bizumic
- Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | - David M Buss
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | | | - Seda Can
- İzmir University of Economics, İzmir, Turkey
| | | | | | | | - Daniel Conroy-Beam
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | | | - Rosa M Cueto
- Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Daria Dronova
- Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Seda Dural
- İzmir University of Economics, İzmir, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | - Carla S Esteves
- Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), CIS-IUL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Feng Jiang
- Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing, China
| | | | - Tina Kavcic
- University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ernesto León
- Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Giulia Lopez
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Zoi Manesi
- University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Hoang Moc Lan
- VNU University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Conal Monaghan
- Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Jean C Natividade
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mariia Perun
- Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Annette Pisanski
- University of Havana, Havana, Cuba.,University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Nejc Plohl
- University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Camelia Popa
- Department of Psychology, Romanian Academy, UNATC-CINETIc Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Pavol Prokop
- Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Mario Sainz
- School of Psychology, University of Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Oksana Senyk
- Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Lviv, Ukraine
| | | | | | | | | | - Truong Thi Khanh Ha
- VNU University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Trinh Thi Linh
- VNU University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Nguyen Van Luot
- VNU University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Luis D Vega
- Universidad Latina de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
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18
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Walter KV, Conroy-Beam D, Buss DM, Asao K, Sorokowska A, Sorokowski P, Aavik T, Akello G, Alhabahba MM, Alm C, Amjad N, Anjum A, Atama CS, Atamtürk Duyar D, Ayebare R, Batres C, Bendixen M, Bensafia A, Bizumic B, Boussena M, Butovskaya M, Can S, Cantarero K, Carrier A, Cetinkaya H, Croy I, Cueto RM, Czub M, Dronova D, Dural S, Duyar I, Ertugrul B, Espinosa A, Estevan I, Esteves CS, Fang L, Frackowiak T, Garduño JC, González KU, Guemaz F, Gyuris P, Halamová M, Herak I, Horvat M, Hromatko I, Hui CM, Jaafar JL, Jiang F, Kafetsios K, Kavčič T, Kennair LEO, Kervyn N, Khanh Ha TT, Khilji IA, Köbis NC, Lan HM, Láng A, Lennard GR, León E, Lindholm T, Linh TT, Lopez G, Van Luot N, Mailhos A, Manesi Z, Martinez R, McKerchar SL, Meskó N, Misra G, Monaghan C, Mora EC, Moya-Garófano A, Musil B, Natividade JC, Niemczyk A, Nizharadze G, Oberzaucher E, Oleszkiewicz A, Omar-Fauzee MS, Onyishi IE, Özener B, Pagani AF, Pakalniskiene V, Parise M, Pazhoohi F, Pisanski A, Pisanski K, Ponciano E, Popa C, Prokop P, Rizwan M, Sainz M, Salkičević S, Sargautyte R, Sarmány-Schuller I, Schmehl S, Sharad S, Siddiqui RS, Simonetti F, Stoyanova SY, Tadinac M, Varella MAC, Vauclair CM, Vega LD, Widarini DA, Yoo G, Zat'ková M, Zupančič M. Sex Differences in Mate Preferences Across 45 Countries: A Large-Scale Replication. Psychol Sci 2020; 31:408-423. [PMID: 32196435 DOI: 10.1177/0956797620904154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable research has examined human mate preferences across cultures, finding universal sex differences in preferences for attractiveness and resources as well as sources of systematic cultural variation. Two competing perspectives-an evolutionary psychological perspective and a biosocial role perspective-offer alternative explanations for these findings. However, the original data on which each perspective relies are decades old, and the literature is fraught with conflicting methods, analyses, results, and conclusions. Using a new 45-country sample (N = 14,399), we attempted to replicate classic studies and test both the evolutionary and biosocial role perspectives. Support for universal sex differences in preferences remains robust: Men, more than women, prefer attractive, young mates, and women, more than men, prefer older mates with financial prospects. Cross-culturally, both sexes have mates closer to their own ages as gender equality increases. Beyond age of partner, neither pathogen prevalence nor gender equality robustly predicted sex differences or preferences across countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn V Walter
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara
| | - Daniel Conroy-Beam
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara
| | - David M Buss
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin
| | - Kelly Asao
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin
| | - Agnieszka Sorokowska
- Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Smell & Taste Clinic, Technische Universität Dresden
| | | | - Toivo Aavik
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu
| | - Grace Akello
- Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University
| | | | | | - Naumana Amjad
- Institute of Applied Psychology, University of the Punjab
| | - Afifa Anjum
- Institute of Applied Psychology, University of the Punjab
| | | | | | | | | | - Mons Bendixen
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology
| | - Aicha Bensafia
- Laboratory Education-Formation-Travail (EFORT), Department of Sociology, University of Algiers
| | - Boris Bizumic
- Research School of Psychology, Australian National University
| | - Mahmoud Boussena
- Laboratory EFORT, Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Algiers
| | - Marina Butovskaya
- Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences
- Center for Social Anthropology, Russian State University for the Humanities
| | - Seda Can
- Department of Psychology, Izmir University of Economics
| | - Katarzyna Cantarero
- Social Behavior Research Center, Faculty in Wroclaw, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities
| | - Antonin Carrier
- Psychology Faculty (Center for the Study of Social Behavior), Université Catholique de Louvain
| | | | - Ilona Croy
- Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden
| | - Rosa María Cueto
- Grupo de Psicología Política y Social, Departamento de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
| | - Marcin Czub
- Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw
| | - Daria Dronova
- Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - Seda Dural
- Department of Psychology, Izmir University of Economics
| | - Izzet Duyar
- Department of Anthropology, Istanbul University
| | | | - Agustín Espinosa
- Grupo de Psicología Política y Social, Departamento de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
| | | | - Carla Sofia Esteves
- Instituto Superior de Ciências do Trabalho e da Empresa, Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social, Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (CIS-IUL)
| | - Luxi Fang
- Department of Psychology, Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | | | - Jorge Contreras Garduño
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Unidad Morelia
| | | | - Farida Guemaz
- Laboratory EFORT, Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Setif
| | | | - Mária Halamová
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Health Care, Department of Psychological Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University
| | - Iskra Herak
- Louvain Research Institute in Management and Organisations, Université Catholique de Louvain
| | - Marina Horvat
- Faculty of Arts, Department of Psychology, University of Maribor
| | - Ivana Hromatko
- Department of Psychology, Faculty for Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb
| | - Chin-Ming Hui
- Department of Psychology, Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - Jas Laile Jaafar
- Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, University of Malaya
| | - Feng Jiang
- Organization and Human Resource Management, Central University of Finance and Economics
| | | | - Tina Kavčič
- Faculty of Education, University of Primorska
| | | | - Nicolas Kervyn
- Louvain Research Institute in Management and Organisations, Université Catholique de Louvain
| | - Truong Thi Khanh Ha
- Department of Psychology, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University, Hanoi
| | - Imran Ahmed Khilji
- Department of Psychology, Islamabad Model College for Boys, F-10/4, Islamabad
| | - Nils C Köbis
- Department of Economics, Center for Research in Experimental Economics and Political Decision Mating, University of Amsterdam
| | - Hoang Moc Lan
- Department of Psychology, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University, Hanoi
| | | | | | - Ernesto León
- Grupo de Psicología Política y Social, Departamento de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
| | | | - Trinh Thi Linh
- Department of Psychology, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University, Hanoi
| | - Giulia Lopez
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore
| | - Nguyen Van Luot
- Department of Psychology, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University, Hanoi
| | | | - Zoi Manesi
- Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
| | | | | | | | | | - Conal Monaghan
- Research School of Psychology, Australian National University
| | - Emanuel C Mora
- Department of Animal and Human Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana
| | | | - Bojan Musil
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Maribor
| | | | | | | | | | - Anna Oleszkiewicz
- Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Smell & Taste Clinic, Technische Universität Dresden
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Miriam Parise
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore
| | - Farid Pazhoohi
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia
| | - Annette Pisanski
- Department of Animal and Human Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana
| | - Katarzyna Pisanski
- Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw
- Equipe de Neuro-Ethologie Sensorielle (ENES), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Lyon/Saint-Étienne
| | - Edna Ponciano
- Institute of Psychology, University of the State of Rio de Janeiro
| | - Camelia Popa
- Department of Psychology, Faculty for Humanities and Social Sciences, Universitatea Nationala de Arta Teatrala si Cinematografica-Centrul Internațional de Cercetare şi Educație în Tehnologii Inovativ Creative (UNATC-CINETIc), Romanian Academy
| | - Pavol Prokop
- Department of Environmental Ecology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences
| | | | - Mario Sainz
- School of Psychology, University of Monterrey
| | - Svjetlana Salkičević
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb
| | | | - Ivan Sarmány-Schuller
- Center for Social and Psychological Sciences, Institute of Experimental Psychology, Slovak Academy of Sciences
| | | | - Shivantika Sharad
- Department of Applied Psychology, Vivekananda College, University of Delhi
| | | | | | | | - Meri Tadinac
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb
| | | | - Christin-Melanie Vauclair
- Instituto Superior de Ciências do Trabalho e da Empresa, Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social, Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (CIS-IUL)
| | | | - Dwi Ajeng Widarini
- Faculty of Communication, University Prof. Dr Moestopo (Beragama), Jakarta, 10270, Indonesia
| | - Gyesook Yoo
- Department of Child and Family Studies, Kyung Hee University
| | - Marta Zat'ková
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Health Care, Department of Psychological Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University
| | - Maja Zupančič
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana
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19
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Bastian B, Vauclair CM, Loughnan S, Bain P, Ashokkumar A, Becker M, Bilewicz M, Collier-Baker E, Crespo C, Eastwick PW, Fischer R, Friese M, Gómez Á, Guerra VM, Guevara JLC, Hanke K, Hooper N, Huang LL, Junqi S, Karasawa M, Kuppens P, Leknes S, Peker M, Pelay C, Pina A, Sachkova M, Saguy T, Silfver-Kuhalampi M, Sortheix F, Tong J, Yeung VWL, Duffy J, Swann WB. Explaining illness with evil: pathogen prevalence fosters moral vitalism. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20191576. [PMID: 31662082 PMCID: PMC6842846 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.1576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogens represent a significant threat to human health leading to the emergence of strategies designed to help manage their negative impact. We examined how spiritual beliefs developed to explain and predict the devastating effects of pathogens and spread of infectious disease. Analysis of existing data in studies 1 and 2 suggests that moral vitalism (beliefs about spiritual forces of evil) is higher in geographical regions characterized by historical higher levels of pathogens. Furthermore, drawing on a sample of 3140 participants from 28 countries in study 3, we found that historical higher levels of pathogens were associated with stronger endorsement of moral vitalistic beliefs. Furthermore, endorsement of moral vitalistic beliefs statistically mediated the previously reported relationship between pathogen prevalence and conservative ideologies, suggesting these beliefs reinforce behavioural strategies which function to prevent infection. We conclude that moral vitalism may be adaptive: by emphasizing concerns over contagion, it provided an explanatory model that enabled human groups to reduce rates of contagious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brock Bastian
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Steve Loughnan
- School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Paul Bain
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, Somerset, UK
| | - Ashwini Ashokkumar
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Maja Becker
- CLLE, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UT2J, Toulouse, Midi-Pyrénées, France
| | - Michał Bilewicz
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Emma Collier-Baker
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Forest, Nature and Environment Aceh, Banda Aceh City, Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Carla Crespo
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Paul W. Eastwick
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ronald Fischer
- School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Malte Friese
- Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Saarbrucken, Saarland, Germany
| | - Ángel Gómez
- Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Universidad Nacional de Educacion a Distancia, Madrid, Spain
| | - Valeschka M. Guerra
- Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | | | - Katja Hanke
- University of Applied Management Studies, Mannheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany
| | - Nic Hooper
- Health and Social Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Li-Li Huang
- School of Economics and Management, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shi Junqi
- Lingnan College, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Minoru Karasawa
- Department of Psychology, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Peter Kuppens
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Siri Leknes
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Müjde Peker
- Department of Psychology, MEF University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cesar Pelay
- Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Distrito Capital, Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
| | - Afroditi Pina
- School of Psychology, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, UK
| | - Marianna Sachkova
- Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moskva, Russian Federation
| | - Tamar Saguy
- Interdisciplinary Center (IDC) Herzliya, Herzliya, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Florencia Sortheix
- Swedish School of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jennifer Tong
- School of Social Sciences, Singapore Management University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Victoria Wai-lan Yeung
- Department of Applied Psychology, Lingnan University, New Territories, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jacob Duffy
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - William B. Swann
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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Conroy-Beam D, Roney JR, Lukaszewski AW, Buss DM, Asao K, Sorokowska A, Sorokowski P, Aavik T, Akello G, Alhabahba MM, Alm C, Amjad N, Anjum A, Atama CS, Atamtürk Duyar D, Ayebare R, Batres C, Bendixen M, Bensafia A, Bertoni A, Bizumic B, Boussena M, Butovskaya M, Can S, Cantarero K, Carrier A, Cetinkaya H, Croy I, Cueto RM, Czub M, Donato S, Dronova D, Dural S, Duyar I, Ertugrul B, Espinosa A, Estevan I, Esteves CS, Fang L, Frackowiak T, Contreras Garduño J, González KU, Guemaz F, Gyuris P, Halamová M, Herak I, Horvat M, Hromatko I, Hui CM, Iafrate R, Jaafar JL, Jiang F, Kafetsios K, Kavčič T, Kennair LEO, Kervyn N, Ha TTK, Khilji IA, Köbis NC, Lan HM, Láng A, Lennard GR, León E, Lindholm T, Linh TT, Lopez G, Van Luot N, Mailhos A, Manesi Z, Martinez R, McKerchar SL, Meskó N, Misra G, Monaghan C, Mora EC, Moya-Garófano A, Musil B, Natividade JC, Niemczyk A, Nizharadze G, Oberzaucher E, Oleszkiewicz A, Omar-Fauzee MS, Onyishi IE, Özener B, Pagani AF, Pakalniskiene V, Parise M, Pazhoohi F, Pisanski A, Pisanski K, Ponciano E, Popa C, Prokop P, Rizwan M, Sainz M, Salkičević S, Sargautyte R, Sarmány-Schuller I, Schmehl S, Sharad S, Siddiqui RS, Simonetti F, Stoyanova SY, Tadinac M, Varella MAC, Vauclair CM, Vega LD, Widarini DA, Yoo G, Zaťková M, Zupančič M. Assortative mating and the evolution of desirability covariation. EVOL HUM BEHAV 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Vauclair CM. Why Does National Income Inequality Make Older People Ill? J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2019; 74:e38-e39. [PMID: 26681203 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbv102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Krys K, Capaldi CA, Lun VMC, Vauclair CM, Bond MH, Domínguez-Espinosa A, Uchida Y. Psychologizing indexes of societal progress: Accounting for cultural diversity in preferred developmental pathways. Culture & Psychology 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1354067x19868146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Since the Second World War, the dominating paradigm of societal development has focused on economic growth. While economic growth has improved the quality of human life in a variety of ways, we posit that the identification of economic growth as the primary societal goal is culture-blind because preferences for developmental pathways likely vary between societies. We argue that the cultural diversity of developmental goals and the pathways leading to these goals could be reflected in a culturally sensitive approach to assessing societal development. For the vast majority of post-materialistic societies, it is an urgent necessity to prepare culturally sensitive compasses on how to develop next, and to start conceptualizing growth in a more nuanced and culturally responsive way. Furthermore, we propose that cultural sensitivity in measuring societal growth could also be applied to existing development indicators (e.g. the Human Development Index). We call for cultural researchers, in cooperation with development economists and other social scientists, to prepare a new cultural map of developmental goals, and to create and adapt development indexes that are more culturally sensitive. This innovation could ultimately help social planners understand the diverse pathways of development and assess the degree to which societies are progressing in a self-determined and indigenously valued manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuba Krys
- Kyoto University, Japan; Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland
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Rudnev M, Vauclair CM. The Link Between Personal Values and Frequency of Drinking Depends on Cultural Values: A Cross-Level Interaction Approach. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1379. [PMID: 30131741 PMCID: PMC6090463 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing availability of large cross-national datasets enables researchers to integrate micro and macro levels of relations between human values and behavior. Particularly interesting are interactions between personal and cultural levels which can demonstrate to what extent a specific behavior is affected by individual values and cultural context. In this study, we aimed to shed light on this issue by analyzing data on basic values and drinking behavior from 21 national representative samples of the European Social Survey (2014). The results of multilevel regressions showed that country-level effects of Openness to Change (vs. Conservation) or Self-Transcendence (vs. Self-Enhancement) were not significantly related to frequency of drinking. As expected, individual-level Openness to Change (vs. Conservation) was consistently positively related to drinking frequency, whereas Self-Transcendence (vs. Self-Enhancement) was not. Contrary to our hypothesis, there was a positive association between personal Self-Transcendence (vs. Self-Enhancement) values and frequency of drinking in countries putting higher importance on extrinsic motivations (i.e., Conservation or Self-Enhancement values), while this link was less positive or even negative in countries valuing intrinsic motivations (i.e., Openness to Change or Self-Transcendence values). Moreover, a marginally significant interaction between individual- and country-level Openness to Change (vs. Conservation) values supported the same counter-intuitive result. These findings challenge the widespread idea that more conservative societies attenuate the link between personal values and behavior. In contrast, self-affirmation and cultural rewards theories, as well as culture-specific value instantiations, may explain these results. This study shows that the value-behavior link differs across cultures, yet in a more complex way than was assumed so far. This opens up new possibilities for research on values and behavior in a cross-cultural context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim Rudnev
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia.,Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), CIS-IUL, Lisbon, Portugal
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Abstract
Cognitive heuristics, or people’s stereotypes, are central to human interaction. Yet, the literature has been concerned with inter-ethnic stereotypes held by migrants and therefore has insufficiently addressed what might happen to individuals’ cognitive heuristics in the process of acculturating to host cultures. The authors discuss this gap in the literature by drawing on the culture learning perspective and work on cultural adaptation to examine migrants’ cognitive cultural adaptation. The concept of stereotype accommodation is introduced as a cognitive process whereby migrants incorporate the stereotype-relevant information learned in their host cultures into their preexisting stereotypes. Furthermore, a framework is presented for how cross-cultural differences, learning opportunities, individual differences, and cognitive resources might contribute to stereotype accommodation. The conclusion of this analysis is that, like any other individuals, migrants hold cognitive heuristics about varying groups in society and, moreover, these can be influenced and potentially modified by the mental short-cuts that are relevant in their host cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Stanciu
- Bremen International Graduate School of Social Sciences (BIGSSS), Germany
- University of Vechta, Institute for Gerontology, Germany
| | - Christin-Melanie Vauclair
- University Institute of Lisbon (ISCTE-IUL), Centre for Psychological Research and Social Intervention (CIS), Portugal
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Bratt C, Abrams D, Swift HJ, Vauclair CM, Marques S. Perceived age discrimination across age in Europe: From an ageing society to a society for all ages. Dev Psychol 2018; 54:167-180. [PMID: 29058935 PMCID: PMC5819819 DOI: 10.1037/dev0000398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Ageism is recognized as a significant obstacle to older people's well-being, but age discrimination against younger people has attracted less attention. We investigate levels of perceived age discrimination across early to late adulthood, using data from the European Social Survey (ESS), collected in 29 countries (N = 56,272). We test for approximate measurement invariance across countries. We use local structural equation modeling as well as moderated nonlinear factor analysis to test for measurement invariance across age as a continuous variable. Using models that account for the moderate degree of noninvariance, we find that younger people report experiencing the highest levels of age discrimination. We also find that national context substantially affects levels of ageism experienced among older respondents. The evidence highlights that more research is needed to address ageism in youth and across the life span, not just old adulthood. It also highlights the need to consider factors that differently contribute to forms of ageism experienced by people at different life stages and ages. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Bratt
- Centre for the Study of Group Processes, School of Psychology, University of Kent
| | - Dominic Abrams
- Centre for the Study of Group Processes, School of Psychology, University of Kent
| | - Hannah J Swift
- Centre for the Study of Group Processes, School of Psychology, University of Kent
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Swift HJ, Abrams D, Marques S, Vauclair CM, Bratt C, Lima ML. Agisem in the European Region: Finding from the European Social Survey. International Perspectives on Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-73820-8_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Vauclair CM, Borges Rodrigues R, Marques S, Esteves CS, Cunha F, Gerardo F. Doddering but dear … even in the eyes of young children? Age stereotyping and prejudice in childhood and adolescence. Int J Psychol 2017; 53 Suppl 1:63-70. [PMID: 28474340 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to explore age prejudice, and to examine age stereotyping in children and adolescents by adopting the Stereotype Content Model (SCM) as a theoretical framework. It was hypothesised that children are socialised into adopting an ambivalent representation of old age (socialisation hypothesis) and that this cognitive bias becomes weaker in adolescence due to greater cognitive maturity (developmental hypothesis). By analysing representative data from Portugal (European Social Survey; N = 2367), it was ascertained that the ambivalent age stereotype (higher evaluations of warmth than competence for older people) is indeed a shared social representation of older people in Portuguese society. A total of 103 Portuguese children (6-10 year olds) and adolescents (11-15 year olds) were then sampled from a local school and responded to age-appropriate measures assessing age prejudice as well as age stereotypes. Contrary to previous studies, the findings do not provide evidence for the existence of age prejudice because both children and adolescents reported positive feelings towards older people. However, the socialisation hypothesis was corroborated by showing that the ambivalent old age stereotype was already present in childhood. Contrary to the stipulated developmental hypothesis, the magnitude of this cognitive bias was very similar in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sibila Marques
- Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), CIS-IUL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Filipa Cunha
- Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Filomena Gerardo
- Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Dinâmia, Lisboa, Portugal
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Abstract
This paper aims to take a holistic approach to studying fear of crime by testing predictors at multiple levels of analyses. Data from the European Social Survey (N = 56,752 from 29 countries) were used to test and extend the Income Inequality and Sense of Vulnerability Hypotheses. The findings confirm that (1) individuals in societies with greater income inequalities are more fearful of crime, and (2) older or disabled people as well as women report greater fear of crime. Contrary to the hypotheses, ethnic majority and not ethnic minority members report greater fear of crime, if they reside in high income inequality countries. It is further demonstrated that fear of crime explains the inverse association between income inequality and subjective well-being in this particular subsample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin-Melanie Vauclair
- Christin-Melanie Vauclair, Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Edifício ISCTE, CIS-IUL, Avenidas das Forças Armadas, Lisboa, 1649-026, Portugal.
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Tormos R, Vauclair CM, Dobewall H. Does Contextual Change Affect Basic Human Values? A Dynamic Comparative Multilevel Analysis Across 32 European Countries. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/0022022117692675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This article examines the relationship of stable contextual differences and contextual change with the endorsement of Schwartz’s (1992) two basic value dimensions—Openness-to-Change versus Conservation and Self-Enhancement versus Self-Transcendence. Using six waves of the European Social Survey, an extension of multilevel analysis is used which combines both a cross-national comparative and a dynamic analysis of values. The hierarchical data structure and the covariates for value endorsement are defined at three distinct levels: a first level for individuals (with sociodemographic variables, such as age and gender), a second level for country-waves (with time-varying covariates), and a third level for country (with time-invariant covariates). The main aim is to determine if changes in contextual covariates over time are related to value differences between countries over and above contextual time-invariant covariates. High national wealth and low income inequality predicted high Self-Transcendence values and low Conservation values. Low national unemployment rates were associated with less conservatism. When entered simultaneously into the model, only time-invariant differences in gross domestic product (GDP) remained to be a significant predictor of Schwartz’s two basic value dimensions. Finally, we found that an increase in income inequality over time has a certain incremental effect on the endorsement of Conservation over Openness-to-Change values. There were no associations for changes in national wealth and unemployment rates, suggesting that for value endorsement, time-varying contextual effects are less important overall than time-invariant contextual effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raül Tormos
- Department of Sociology and Organizational Analysis, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre d’Estudis d’Opinió, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Henrik Dobewall
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Vauclair CM, Lima ML, Abrams D, Swift HJ, Bratt C. What do older people think that others think of them, and does it matter? The role of meta-perceptions and social norms in the prediction of perceived age discrimination. Psychol Aging 2016; 31:699-710. [PMID: 27831711 PMCID: PMC5104248 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Psychological theories of aging highlight the importance of social context. However, very little research has distinguished empirically between older people's perception of how others in their social context perceive them (personal meta-perceptions) and the shared perceptions in society (societal meta-perceptions). Drawing on theories of intergroup relations and stereotyping and using a multilevel perspective, this article examines how well older people's perceptions of age discrimination (PAD) are predicted by (a) older people's personal meta-perceptions, (b) societal meta-perceptions, and (c) social norms of intolerance toward age prejudice. Aging meta-perceptions are differentiated into the cognitive and affective components of ageism. Multilevel analyses of data from the European Social Survey (Nover 70 years of age = 8,123, 29 countries; European Social Survey (ESS) Round 4 Data, 2008) confirmed that older people's personal meta-perceptions of negative age stereotypes and specific intergroup emotions (pity, envy, contempt) are associated with higher PAD. However, at the societal-level, only paternalistic meta-perceptions were consistently associated with greater PAD. The results show that a few meta-perceptions operate only as a psychological phenomenon in explaining PAD, some carry consonant, and others carry contrasting effects at the societal-level of analysis. This evidence extends previous research on aging meta-perceptions by showing that both the content of meta-perceptions and the level of analysis at which they are assessed make distinct contributions to PAD. Moreover, social norms of intolerance of age prejudice have a larger statistical effect than societal meta-perceptions. Social interventions would benefit from considering these differential findings. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Luísa Lima
- Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social, Instituto Universitário de Lisboa
| | - Dominic Abrams
- Centre for the Study of Group Processes, School of Psychology, University of Kent
| | - Hannah J Swift
- Centre for the Study of Group Processes, School of Psychology, University of Kent
| | - Christopher Bratt
- Centre for the Study of Group Processes, School of Psychology, University of Kent
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Bratanova B, Vauclair CM, Kervyn N, Schumann S, Wood R, Klein O. Savouring morality. Moral satisfaction renders food of ethical origin subjectively tastier. Appetite 2015; 91:137-49. [PMID: 25865666 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Past research has shown that the experience of taste can be influenced by a range of external cues, especially when they concern food's quality. The present research examined whether food's ethicality - a cue typically unrelated to quality - can also influence taste. We hypothesised that moral satisfaction with the consumption of ethical food would positively influence taste expectations, which in turn will enhance the actual taste experience. This enhanced taste experience was further hypothesised to act as a possible reward mechanism reinforcing the purchase of ethical food. The resulting ethical food → moral satisfaction → enhanced taste expectations and experience → stronger intentions to buy/willingness to pay model was validated across four studies: one large scale international survey (Study 1) and three experimental studies involving actual food consumption of different type of ethical origin - organic (Study 2), fair trade (Study 3a) and locally produced (Study 3b). Furthermore, endorsement of values relevant to the food's ethical origin moderated the effect of food's origin on moral satisfaction, suggesting that the model is primarily supported for people who endorse these values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyka Bratanova
- Research Centre for Social and Intercultural Psychology, Université Libré de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium; Dundee Business School, Abertay University, Bell Street, Dundee, Scotland DD1 1HG, UK.
| | | | - Nicolas Kervyn
- Center Emile Bernheim, Solvay Brussels School of Economy and Management, Université Libré de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium; Louvain School of Management, Catholic University of Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Sandy Schumann
- Centre for the Study of Intergroup Conflict, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Robert Wood
- Centre for Ethical Leadership, Ormond College, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Olivier Klein
- Research Centre for Social and Intercultural Psychology, Université Libré de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
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Vauclair CM, Fischer R, Ferreira MC, Guerra V, Hößler U, Karabati S, de Carvalho Filho MK, Porto JB, Reyes ML, Rytkönen J, Spieß E. What Kinds of Value Motives Guide People in Their Moral Attitudes? The Role of Personal and Prescriptive Values at the Culture Level and Individual Level. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/0022022114557487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Opinions about moralized issues are arguably one of the most difficult issues in interpersonal dialogues given that they can result in intolerance and prejudicial behavior toward those with divergent moral beliefs. Recent research has shown that moral attitudes vary not only depending on the individual’s characteristics but also as a function of culture. Individuals from individualistic-oriented cultures exhibit more lenient judgments toward moralized issues than those from collectivistic-oriented cultures. What is unclear to date is what kinds of cultural value motives underlie these attitudes—Are they driven only by intrinsic value motives (personal values) or also by extrinsic value motives (prescriptive values in the form of societal expectations about what should be valued)? The cultural press to conform is arguably stronger if moral attitudes are predicted by the latter. Participants from eight countries ( N = 1,456) responded to a questionnaire containing a modified version of the Schwartz Value Survey assessing personal and prescriptive values. The results showed that personal value ratings of openness-to-change versus conservation at the culture and individual levels were predictive of individuals’ moral attitudes consistent with previous findings. Prescriptive value ratings of openness-to-change versus conservation also predicted individuals’ moral attitudes, but only at the aggregated culture level. This suggests that the prescriptive values concept is a truly group-level phenomenon and that attitudes toward moralized issues are guided by cultural values with normative qualities. We discuss the implications for intercultural contact situations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Erika Spieß
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany
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Marques S, Swift HJ, Vauclair CM, Lima ML, Bratt C, Abrams D. ‘Being old and ill’ across different countries: Social status, age identification and older people’s subjective health. Psychol Health 2014; 30:699-714. [DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2014.938742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Vauclair CM, Marques S, Lima ML, Bratt C, Swift HJ, Abrams D. Subjective social status of older people across countries: the role of modernization and employment. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2014; 70:650-60. [PMID: 24942971 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbu074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To test and expand upon modernization theory's account of subjective social status (SSS) of older people in society. It was hypothesized that perceptions of older people's social status should be higher in more modernized countries and that the proportion of older people in employment should moderate the relationship between modernization and SSS of older people. METHODS Data were from the "Experiences and Expressions of Ageism" module in the fourth round of the European Social Survey. The sample analyzed included 45,706 individuals from 25 countries in the European region. Multilevel modeling was used to test the hypotheses. RESULTS The SSS of older people (aged 70 years and older) was perceived to be higher in countries with very high levels of modernization and in countries with a higher proportion of older people in employment. The positive association between modernization and SSS of older people was stronger within countries with a lower proportion of older people in employment. DISCUSSION The proportion of older people who are employed is an important factor that is related to perceptions of the social status of older people in less modern societies. The individual and societal implications are discussed, specifically in relation to policies promoting active aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sibila Marques
- Instituto Universitaário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Cis-IUL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria L Lima
- Instituto Universitaário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Cis-IUL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Christopher Bratt
- Centre for the Study of Group Processes, School of Psychology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Hannah J Swift
- Centre for the Study of Group Processes, School of Psychology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Dominic Abrams
- Centre for the Study of Group Processes, School of Psychology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
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Vauclair CM, Marques S, Lima ML, Abrams D, Swift H, Bratt C. Perceived Age Discrimination as a Mediator of the Association Between Income Inequality and Older People’s Self-Rated Health in the European Region. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2014; 70:901-12. [DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbu066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Swift HJ, Vauclair CM, Abrams D, Bratt C, Marques S, Lima ML. Revisiting the Paradox of Well-being: The Importance of National Context. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 69:920-9. [DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbu011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Podsiadlowski A, Vauclair CM, Spiess E, Stroppa C. Social support on international assignments: The relevance of socioemotional support from locals. International Journal of Psychology 2013; 48:563-73. [DOI: 10.1080/00207594.2012.669042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Vauclair CM, Fischer R. Do cultural values predict individuals' moral attitudes? A cross-cultural multilevel approach. Eur J Soc Psychol 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Vauclair CM, Hanke K, Fischer R, Fontaine J. The Structure of Human Values at the Culture Level: A Meta-Analytical Replication of Schwartz’s Value Orientations Using the Rokeach Value Survey. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/0022022110396864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a meta-analysis using the Rokeach Value Survey (RVS) to replicate Schwartz’s value structure at the culture level. In Study 1, data on value priorities from 37 different cultural groups were analyzed. Using a configurational verification approach, the structure of conflicting value types as predicted by Schwartz was replicated. Significant correlations with Schwartz’s two-dimensional configuration of the Schwartz Value Survey (SVS) confirmed this finding. Furthermore, a set of value items that was not included in Schwartz’s analysis formed a new value type labeled Self-Fulfilled Connectedness ( SFC) . It contains values that represent profound attachment to others as well as attributes of self-fulfillment. In Study 2, it was proposed that SFC may be an individualistic value orientation that shares some similarity with Autonomy but includes relational values as a main component. Correlations with country indices of subjective well-being, post-materialism, and socioeconomic development supported the idea that it is related to happiness, the pursuit of non-material goals, and endorsed in countries in which basic needs are fulfilled. Its theoretical meaning in the context of Schwartz’s culture-level value theory is discussed.
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Vauclair CM. Morality in Context. Asian J Soc Psychol 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-839x.2007.00229.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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