1
|
Molloy MJ, Tamaroff J, McDaniel L, Genies MC. Targeted Education Across Clinical Settings Improves Adherence to Evidence-Based Interventions for Bronchiolitis. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2019; 58:1284-1290. [PMID: 31165619 DOI: 10.1177/0009922819852982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Bronchiolitis remains a leading cause of hospitalization of infants. Despite evidence-based recommendations, wide variation in practice remains. A pre-post educational intervention was implemented to improve adherence to bronchiolitis guidelines in emergency and inpatient settings. Among children meeting inclusion criteria (136 pre-intervention, 185 post-intervention), emergency department (ED) bronchodilator use decreased by 64% (P < .001). Steroid use decreased by 71% (P = .002). There was no difference in viral testing, antibiotic use, or chest radiograph acquisition. No differences were seen in the inpatient setting. There was no difference in rate of intensive care unit transfer or length of stay. Post-intervention, children were less likely to receive a bronchodilator in the ED (odds ratio [OR] = 0.15, P < .001). Children with a family history of asthma were more likely to receive a bronchodilator in the ED (OR = 4.25, P < .001). Targeted education across settings contributed to reducing bronchodilator use in the ED. Family history appeared to influence medical decision making.
Collapse
|
2
|
Katsaounou P, Buhl R, Brusselle G, Pfister P, Martínez R, Wahn U, Bousquet J. Omalizumab as alternative to chronic use of oral corticosteroids in severe asthma. Respir Med 2019; 150:51-62. [PMID: 30961951 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Systemic/oral corticosteroids (OCS) have been used for decades in the management of acute asthma exacerbations and chronically in patients with uncontrolled severe asthma. However, while OCS are effective at treating acute exacerbations, there is only empirical evidence regarding the efficacy of OCS at reducing the rate of exacerbations. Evidence, although scarce, is suggestive of high exacerbation rates in severe asthma patients even when receiving maintenance treatment with OCS. In addition, use of OCS is associated with undesirable effects. Despite all this, physicians have continued to use OCS for managing severe asthma and acute exacerbation due to the lack of availability of effective alternatives. Fortunately, in the last decade several biologics have been proven safe and effective for patients with uncontrolled severe asthma. This has led to the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) recommending the use of biologics, instead of maintenance OCS, in patients with severe asthma (GINA Step 5). These include one biologic targeting immunoglobulin E (IgE) (omalizumab), and different biologics targeting interleukin-5 (IL-5), the IL-5 receptor (IL-5R) or IL-4 receptor α-unit (IL-4R α), including mepolizumab (subcutaneous), reslizumab (intravenous), benralizumab (subcutaneous) and dupilumab (subcutaneous). Omalizumab for the treatment of severe allergic asthma reduces exacerbations, irrespective of blood eosinophil levels. Anti-IL-5/IL-5R biologics are indicated in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma and repetitive exacerbations, irrespective of the presence or absence of allergy. Recently, an anti-IL4Rα biologic has been approved by the FDA for eosinophilic phenotype or oral corticosteroid-dependent asthma. Finally, physicians should consider using biologics as an alternative to chronic OCS therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Katsaounou
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1st ICU Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece.
| | - Roland Buhl
- Pulmonary Department, Mainz University Hospital, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Guy Brusselle
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Epidemiology and Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Pascal Pfister
- Global Medical Department, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Rafael Martínez
- Global Medical Department, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Wahn
- Department of Paediatric Pneumology & Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jean Bousquet
- Service des Maladies Respiratoires, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Paniagua N, Mintegi S, Benito J. Reply. J Pediatr 2018; 197:317-318. [PMID: 29567044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Paniagua
- Pediatric Emergency Department Cruces University Hospital BioCruces Health Research Institute Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Santiago Mintegi
- Pediatric Emergency Department Cruces University Hospital BioCruces Health Research Institute Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Javier Benito
- Pediatric Emergency Department Cruces University Hospital BioCruces Health Research Institute Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Management of preschool recurrent wheezing and asthma: a phenotype-based approach. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 17:131-138. [PMID: 28118241 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to summarize the recent evidence on the management of preschool children with wheezing and asthma, and to propose a phenotype-based approach to the management of these children. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have begun to identify populations of preschool children that are likely to benefit from inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) therapy and defined ICS regimens: daily ICS in preschool children with persistent asthma, and pre-emptive high-dose intermittent ICS among preschool children with intermittent disease reduce the risk of exacerbation. In addition, among preschool children with mild persistent asthma, the presence of aeroallergen sensitivity and/or blood eosinophil counts of 300/μL or greater are predictors of good response to daily ICS therapy. Other studies identified intermittent azithromycin as a therapy to prevent, and potentially to treat, acute exacerbations.The uncertainty of the role of oral corticosteroids (OCS) as a therapy for acute exacerbations continues, as a recent meta-analysis showed that OCS did not prevent hospitalizations or urgent visits, and did not reduce the need for additional courses of OCS. Whereas previous epidemiologic studies suggested acetaminophen may increase risk of exacerbations, a clinical trial clearly demonstrated acetaminophen use, compared to ibuprofen use,does not increase exacerbation risk among preschool children with mild-persistent asthma. SUMMARY Recent studies have shown potential for phenotypic-driven therapies for the management of preschool children with asthma. Targeting airway bacteria has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach, but its effect on antibiotic resistance still needs to be investigated. Finally, more studies are required to evaluate if oral corticosteroids provide any benefits for acute episodic wheeze.
Collapse
|
5
|
Cutrera R, Baraldi E, Indinnimeo L, Miraglia Del Giudice M, Piacentini G, Scaglione F, Ullmann N, Moschino L, Galdo F, Duse M. Management of acute respiratory diseases in the pediatric population: the role of oral corticosteroids. Ital J Pediatr 2017; 43:31. [PMID: 28335827 PMCID: PMC5364577 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-017-0348-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory diseases account for about 25% of all pediatric consultations, and 10% of these are for asthma. The other main pediatric respiratory diseases, in terms of incidence, are bronchiolitis, acute bronchitis and respiratory infections. Oral corticosteroids, in particular prednisolone, are often used to treat acute respiratory diseases given their anti-inflammatory effects. However, the efficacy of treatment with oral corticosteroids differs among the various types of pediatric respiratory diseases. Notably, also the adverse effects of corticosteroid treatment can differ depending on dosage, duration of treatment and type of corticosteroid administered — a case in point being growth retardation in long-course treatment. A large body of data has accumulated on this topic. In this article, we have reviewed the data and guidelines related to the role of oral corticosteroids in the treatment and management of pediatric bronchiolitis, wheezing, asthma and croup in the attempt to provide guidance for physicians. Also included is a section on the management of acute respiratory failure in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renato Cutrera
- Pediatric Pulmonology and Sleep & Long Term Ventilation Unit, Academic Department Pediatric Hospital "Bambino Gesù", Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy.
| | - Eugenio Baraldi
- Women's and Children's Health Department, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Luciana Indinnimeo
- Department of Maternal and Child Care and Urology, Gender Medicine Polyclinic, University of Rome "Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Miraglia Del Giudice
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Via Luigi De Crecchio 4, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Giorgio Piacentini
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynecology, University of Verona, Policlinico G.B. Rossi, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesco Scaglione
- Department of Oncology and Onco-Hematology, University of Milan, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Ullmann
- Pediatric Pulmonology and Sleep & Long Term Ventilation Unit, Academic Department Pediatric Hospital "Bambino Gesù", Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Moschino
- Women's and Children's Health Department, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Galdo
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Via Luigi De Crecchio 4, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Marzia Duse
- Department of Maternal and Child Care and Urology, Gender Medicine Polyclinic, University of Rome "Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Beigelman A, Durrani S, Guilbert TW. Should a Preschool Child with Acute Episodic Wheeze be Treated with Oral Corticosteroids? A Pro/Con Debate. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2016; 4:27-35. [PMID: 26772924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, preschool-aged children with an acute wheezing episode have been treated with oral corticosteroids (OCSs) based on the efficacy of OCSs in older children and adolescents. However, this practice has been recently challenged based on the results of recent studies. The argument supporting the use of OCSs underscores the observation that many children with recurrent preschool wheezing develop atopic disease in early life which predicts both an increased risk to develop asthma in later life and response to OCS therapy. Further, review of the literature demonstrates heterogeneity of study designs, OCS dosage, interventions, study medication adherence, and settings and overall lack of predefined preschool wheezing phenotypes. The heterogeneity of these studies does not allow a definitive recommendation discouraging OCS use. Advocates against the use of OCSs in this population argue that most of studies investigating the efficacy of OCSs in acute episodic wheeze in preschool-aged children have not demonstrated beneficial effects. Moreover, repeated OCS bursts may be associated with adverse effects. Finally, both sides can agree that there is a significant need to conduct efficacy trials evaluating OCS treatment in preschool-aged children with recurrent wheezing targeted at phenotypes that would be expected to respond to OCSs. This article presents a summary of recent literature regarding the use of OCSs for acute episodic wheezing in preschool-aged children and a "pro" and "con" debate for such use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avraham Beigelman
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University and St Louis Children's Hospital, St Louis, Mo
| | - Sandy Durrani
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Theresa W Guilbert
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Deshpande DR, Martinez FD. The dilemma of systemic steroids in preschool children with recurrent wheezing exacerbations. Pediatr Pulmonol 2016; 51:775-7. [PMID: 27158816 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.23465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
8
|
Castro-Rodriguez JA, Beckhaus AA, Forno E. Efficacy of oral corticosteroids in the treatment of acute wheezing episodes in asthmatic preschoolers: Systematic review with meta-analysis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2016; 51:868-76. [PMID: 27074244 PMCID: PMC5007060 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.23429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Systemic corticosteroids (SCS) are used for treat preschoolers with acute asthma or wheezing exacerbations, with conflicting results. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of oral corticosteroids (OCS) compared to placebo in preschoolers presenting with acute asthma/wheezing exacerbations. METHODS Five electronic databases were searched for all placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trials of OCS in children <6 years of age presenting with recurrent wheezing/asthma exacerbations of any severity. Primary outcomes were hospitalizations, unscheduled emergency department (ED) visits in following month, need of additional OCS courses, and length of stay (ED or hospital). RESULTS Eleven studies met inclusion criteria (n = 1,733); four were conducted on an outpatient basis, five in inpatients, and two in the ED. Significant heterogeneity was found when pooling all studies, and thus analysis was stratified by trial setting. Among the outpatient studies, children who received OCS had a higher hospitalization rate (RR: 2.15 [95%CI = 1.08-4.29], I(2) = 0%) compared to those to received placebo. Among the ED studies, children who received OCS had a lower risk of hospitalization (RR: 0.58 [0.37-0.92], I(2) = 0%). Among the inpatient studies, children who received OCS needed fewer additional OCS courses than those on placebo (RR: 0.57 [0.40-0.81], I(2) = 0%). CONCLUSIONS Treatment with OCS in the ED or hospital may be beneficial in toddlers and preschoolers with frequent asthma/wheezing exacerbations. However, more studies are needed before OCS can be broadly recommended for this age group. Future trials should be carefully designed to avoid bias and according to our findings regarding administration setting. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:868-876. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Castro-Rodriguez
- Division of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea A Beckhaus
- Division of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Erick Forno
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy, and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Arabkhazaeli A, Vijverberg SJH, van der Ent CK, Raaijmakers JAM, Maitland-van der Zee AH. High incidence of oral corticosteroids prescriptions in children with asthma in early childhood. J Asthma 2016; 53:1012-7. [PMID: 27187595 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2016.1185439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Severe asthma exacerbations are often treated with short courses of oral corticosteroids (OCS). This study assessed the incidence of OCS being prescribed in asthmatic children of various age groups and calculated their chances of receiving subsequent OCS prescriptions. METHODS Longitudinal Dutch community pharmacy data of 2272 children who were regular users of asthma medication was analyzed retrospectively. Incidence rates for first, second and third prescriptions of OCS were calculated, stratified by age and sex. Probabilities of receiving first, second or third OCS prescriptions were assessed with Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS Incidence rates for first OCS prescriptions were 4.5 for the 1(st) year of life per 100 person-years (100PY); 3.9 for the 2(nd); 4.6 for the 3(rd); 4.2 for the 4(th), and 4.7 for the 5(th) year of life per 100PY. This was relatively high compared to incidence rates for children between the ages of 6 and 11 (ranging between 2.2 per 100PY (age 9) and 3.7(age 11)). Incidence rates for second and third OCS prescriptions were very high: 78.2(95%CI: 45.0-123.7) and 241.2(95%CI: 81.2-583.4) per 100PY for infants, respectively. The chances of receiving a first OCS prescription was higher in males (P value < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS In the Netherlands, the incidence of OCS being prescribed to children being treated with asthma medication in early childhood is relatively high for first OCS prescriptions and extremely high for second and third OCS prescriptions compared to other ages. Furthermore, there is a high probability of receiving a further OCS prescription shortly after an OCS prescription.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Arabkhazaeli
- a Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Faculty of Science, Utrecht University , Utrecht , the Netherland
| | - Susanne J H Vijverberg
- a Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Faculty of Science, Utrecht University , Utrecht , the Netherland
| | - Cornelis K van der Ent
- b Departments of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine , Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht , Utrecht , the Netherlands
| | - Jan A M Raaijmakers
- a Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Faculty of Science, Utrecht University , Utrecht , the Netherland
| | - Anke H Maitland-van der Zee
- a Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Faculty of Science, Utrecht University , Utrecht , the Netherland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Beigelman A, Bacharier LB. Management of Preschool Children with Recurrent Wheezing: Lessons from the NHLBI's Asthma Research Networks. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2016; 4:1-8; quiz 9-10. [PMID: 26772922 PMCID: PMC4715860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent wheezing in the preschool children is a common clinical problem, often associated with significant morbidity related to acute episodes. The management of these children has been complicated by a paucity of high-quality clinical trials in this age group. To fill this knowledge gap, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's asthma research networks have performed a series of clinical trials in an effort to provide practitioners with guidance on appropriate management strategies. These studies establish daily inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) therapy in toddlers at high risk for subsequent asthma as an effective approach for the prevention of exacerbations and symptom reduction, but without evidence of disease-modifying properties. Additional studies have confirmed substantial heterogeneity in ICS response, in terms of both efficacy and effect on linear growth. Treatment with intermittent high-dose ICS was demonstrated to be an alternative approach to daily low-dose ICS for preventing severe exacerbations in toddlers with intermittent but significant wheeze and a positive modified asthma predictive index. This review details the findings and clinical implications derived from these studies, discuss the utility of biomarkers and the role of oral corticosteroids during acute exacerbations, and summarizes ongoing clinical trials in this age group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avraham Beigelman
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and St Louis Children's Hospital, St Louis, Mo.
| | - Leonard B Bacharier
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and St Louis Children's Hospital, St Louis, Mo
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Misra RS. A Review of the CD4+ T Cell Contribution to Lung Infection, Inflammation and Repair with a Focus on Wheeze and Asthma in the Pediatric Population. EC MICROBIOLOGY 2014; 1:4-14. [PMID: 26280024 PMCID: PMC4533840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Childhood asthma and wheezing are very common, especially in those born preterm. Genetic and environmental factors are associated with developing asthma and wheezing. Respiratory syncytial virus and rhinovirus infections have been implicated in playing a causal role in the development of childhood asthma and wheezing, perhaps by altering the development of the immune system. Several subtypes of asthma and wheezing have been described which involve different mechanisms of pathophysiology. Much of the recent work in the field of asthma research has focused on describing unique aspects of these disease subtypes, which could lead to new drug targets. Alterations in CD4+ T cells have been described with alterations in the T helper 1, 2, 17 and regulatory cell balance could provide valuable targets for the development of new treatment strategies for the various subtypes of disease. This review article focuses on factors involved in childhood asthma and wheeze and potential drug targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi S Misra
- Corresponding Author: Ravi S Misra, Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics. University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 850, Rochester, NY 14623, New York,
| |
Collapse
|