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Ren Z, Yin X, Liu L, Zhang L, Shen W, Fang Z, Yu Q, Qin L, Chen L, Jia R, Wang X, Liu B. Flavonoid localization in soybean seeds: Comparative analysis of wild (Glycine soja) and cultivated (Glycine max) varieties. Food Chem 2024; 456:139883. [PMID: 38870803 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Wild soybean (Glycine soja) is known for its high flavonoid contents, yet the distribution of flavonoids in the seeds is not well understood. Herein, we utilized matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) and metabolomics methods to systematically investigate flavonoid differences in the seed coats and embryos of G. soja and G. max. The results of flavonoid profiles and total flavonoid content analyses revealed that flavonoid diversity and abundance in G. soja seed coats were significantly higher than those in G. max whereas the levels were similar in embryos. Specifically, 23 unique flavonoids were identified in the seed coats of G. soja, including procyanidins, epicatechin derivatives, and isoflavones. Using MALDI-MSI, we further delineated the distribution of the important flavonoids in the cotyledons, hypocotyls, and radicles of the two species. These findings imply that G. soja holds considerable breeding potential to enhance the nutritional and stress resistance traits of G. max.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhentao Ren
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Xin Yin
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Laipan Liu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Wenjing Shen
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Zhixiang Fang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Qi Yu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Liang Qin
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lulu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ruizong Jia
- Sanya Research Institution/Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in off-Season Reproduction Regions, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572011, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Biao Liu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing 210042, China.
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2
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Wang J, Wang Y, Jiang X. Targeting anticancer immunity in melanoma tumour microenvironment: unleashing the potential of adjuvants, drugs, and phytochemicals. J Drug Target 2024:1-21. [PMID: 39041142 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2024.2384071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Melanoma poses a challenge in oncology because of its aggressive nature and limited treatment modalities. The tumour microenvironment (TME) in melanoma contains unique properties such as an immunosuppressive and high-density environment, unusual vasculature, and a high number of stromal and immunosuppressive cells. In recent years, numerous experiments have focused on boosting the immune system to effectively remove malignant cells. Adjuvants, consisting of phytochemicals, toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, and cytokines, have shown encouraging results in triggering antitumor immunity and augmenting the therapeutic effectiveness of anticancer therapy. These adjuvants can stimulate the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) and infiltration of cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes (CTLs). Furthermore, nanocarriers can help to deliver immunomodulators and antigens directly to the tumour stroma, thereby improving their efficacy against malignant cells. The remodelling of melanoma TME utilising phytochemicals, agonists, and other adjuvants can be combined with current modalities for improving therapy outcomes. This review article explores the potential of adjuvants, drugs, and their nanoformulations in enhancing the anticancer potency of macrophages, CTLs, and natural killer (NK) cells. Additionally, the capacity of these agents to repress the function of immunosuppressive components of melanoma TME, such as immunosuppressive subsets of macrophages, stromal and myeloid cells will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingping Wang
- Emergency Department, Zhejiang Provincial General Hospital of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Respiratory and Oncology Department, Zhejiang Provincial General Hospital of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaofang Jiang
- Respiratory and Oncology Department, Zhejiang Provincial General Hospital of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Zhejiang, China
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3
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Monika M, Dua A, Sharma S, Gupta S, Mittal A. Comparative study of antioxidant activities of Allium sativum (a novel variety, HG17) and Allium ampeloprasum (SMG): Revealing the higher potential of HG17 and analyzing its phytochemicals. J Food Sci 2024; 89:4250-4275. [PMID: 38829746 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.17133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Garlic, belonging to the genus Allium, is renowned for its rich antioxidant potential. Snow Mountain garlic (SMG) (Allium ampeloprasum) has been traditionally used for medicinal purposes because of its higher antioxidant potential. Considering its potential in medical therapies, we compared the antioxidant activity of SMG with a novel variety of Allium sativum, Hisar garlic 17 (HG17). Comparative antioxidant activity data (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) revealed the higher antioxidant activity of HG17 than SMG, which prompted us to conduct a comprehensive phytochemical investigation to elucidate the factors contributing to antioxidant potential of HG17. To get a detailed antioxidant and phytoconstituents profiling, we differentially extracted HG17 by processing it in different forms (fresh, dry, heated, and aged) with two solvents (50% methanol and n-butanol). Our data (antioxidant activities, total phenolics, and flavonoids) showed that dry garlic methanolic extract (DgM) had maximum potential than other HG17 forms/solvents, which concludes that different extraction techniques had direct impact on the phenolics/flavonoids and antioxidant potential of the extracts. Further, phytochemical analysis of HG17 extracts by high resolution liquid chromatograph mass spectrometer quadrupole time of flight validated the maximum potential of DgM. LCMS revealed the presence of garcimangosone C, osmanthuside A, and protoaphin aglucone polyphenols exclusively in DgM compared to other HG17 extracts, which possibly contributing in its high antioxidant potential. The overall differential extraction and LCMS data of HG17 strongly depict that it may be used as an alternative of SMG under diverse medical applications. HG17 higher antioxidant potential and rich array of unique phytochemicals make it valuable for food and pharmaceutical industries to integrate into functional foods/therapeutics. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Garlic unique phytochemical composition and its remarkable ability to scavenge different radicals make it valuable therapeutic asset to mitigate diseases associated with oxidative stress. SMG is well known for its anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory properties. HG17 showed higher antioxidant potential than SMG and can be used as an alternative of SMG for anti-arthritic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Monika
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Integrated and Honors Studies, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Anita Dua
- Cell Biology Lab, Institute of Integrated and Honors Studies, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Sanjay Sharma
- Chemistry lab, Institute of Integrated and Honors Studies, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Sanjeev Gupta
- Cell Biology Lab, Institute of Integrated and Honors Studies, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Ashwani Mittal
- Cell Biology Lab, Institute of Integrated and Honors Studies, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
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Vollmannová A, Bojňanská T, Musilová J, Lidiková J, Cifrová M. Quercetin as one of the most abundant represented biological valuable plant components with remarkable chemoprotective effects - A review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33342. [PMID: 39021910 PMCID: PMC11253541 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
As a consequence of environmental quality changes as well as changes in our population's lifestyle, there is rapidly increasing variability and many so-called lifestyle disorders, allergies, and food intolerances (also known as non-allergic food hypersensitivity). Unhealthy eating practices, an inappropriate food composition with an excessive energy intake, a high intake of saturated fats, simple sugars, and salt, as well as an inadequate intake of fibre, vitamins, and substances with preventive effects (such as antioxidants), are some of the factors causing this detrimental phenomenon. Enhanced consumption of plant foods rich in valuable secondary metabolites such as phenolic acids and flavonoids with the benefit on human health, food research focused on these components, and production of foods with declared higher content of biologically active and prophylactic substances are some ways how to change and improve this situation. A unique class of hydroxylated phenolic compounds with an aromatic ring structure are called flavonoids. One unique subclass of flavonoids is quercetin. This phytochemical naturally takes place in fruits, vegetables, herbs, and other plants. Quercetin and its several derivates are considered to be promising substances with significant antidiabetic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects, which could also act preventively against cardiovascular disease, cancer, or Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Vollmannová
- Institute of Food Sciences, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, 94976, Slovak Republic
| | - Tatiana Bojňanská
- Institute of Food Sciences, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, 94976, Slovak Republic
| | - Janette Musilová
- Institute of Food Sciences, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, 94976, Slovak Republic
| | - Judita Lidiková
- Institute of Food Sciences, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, 94976, Slovak Republic
| | - Monika Cifrová
- Institute of Food Sciences, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, 94976, Slovak Republic
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Nanusha MY, Frøkjær EE, Søndergaard J, Mørk Larsen M, Schwartz Glottrup C, Bruun Nicolaisen J, Hansen M. Quantitative Non-targeted Screening to Profile Micropollutants in Sewage Sludge Used for Agricultural Field Amendments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:9850-9862. [PMID: 38758285 PMCID: PMC11155239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c01441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
A considerable number of micropollutants from human activities enter the wastewater network for removal. However, at the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), some proportion of these compounds is retained in the sewage sludge (biosolids), and due to its high content of nutrients, sludge is widely applied as an agricultural fertilizer and becomes a means for the micropollutants to be introduced to the environment. Accordingly, a holistic semiquantitative nontarget screening was performed on sewage sludges from five different WWTPs using nanoflow liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Sixty-one inorganic elements were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Across all sludges, the nontarget analysis workflow annotated >21,000 features with chemical structures, and after strict prioritization and filtering, 120 organic micropollutants with diverse chemical structures and applications such as pharmaceuticals, pesticides, flame retardants, and industrial and natural compounds were identified. None of the tested sludges were free from organic micropollutants. Pharmaceuticals contributed the largest share followed by pesticides and natural products. The predicted concentration of identified contaminants ranged between 0.2 and 10,881 ng/g dry matter. Through quantitative nontarget analysis, this study comprehensively demonstrated the occurrence of cocktails of micropollutants in sewage sludges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulatu Y. Nanusha
- Department
of Environmental Science, Environmental Metabolomics Lab, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, Roskilde DK-4000, Denmark
| | - Emil Egede Frøkjær
- Department
of Environmental Science, Environmental Metabolomics Lab, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, Roskilde DK-4000, Denmark
| | - Jens Søndergaard
- Department
of EcoScience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, Roskilde DK-4000, Denmark
| | - Martin Mørk Larsen
- Department
of EcoScience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, Roskilde DK-4000, Denmark
| | | | | | - Martin Hansen
- Department
of Environmental Science, Environmental Metabolomics Lab, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, Roskilde DK-4000, Denmark
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6
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Wang M, Wang S, Cui J, Lian D, Li Y, Du Y, Li L. Interactions studies of CYP2D6 with quercetin and hyperoside by spectral analysis and molecular dynamics simulations. LUMINESCENCE 2024; 39:e4605. [PMID: 37795938 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Some ingredients from herbal medicine can significantly affect the activity of CYP2D6, thus leading to serious interactions between herbs and drugs. Quercetin and hyperoside are active ingredients widely found in vegetables, fruits, and herbal medicines. Quercetin and hyperoside have many biological activities. In this work, the characteristic bindings of CYP2D6 with quercetin/hyperoside are revealed by multi-spectroscopy analysis, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations. The fluorescence of CYP2D6 is statically quenched by quercetin and hyperoside. The binding constant (Ka ) values of CYP2D6-quercetin/hyperoside range from 104 L mol-1 , which indicates that these two flavonoids bind moderately to CYP2D6. Meanwhile, quercetin has a stronger quenching ability to CYP2D6 than that of hyperoside. The secondary structure of CYP2D6 is obviously changed by binding with quercetin/hyperoside. The docking results reveal that the quercetin/hyperoside enters the active site of CYP2D6 near heme and binds to CYP2D6 by hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces. The molecular dynamics simulation results indicate that the binding of quercetin/hyperoside can stabilize the two complexes, enhance the flexibility of CYP2D6 backbone atoms, and make a more unfolded and looser structure of CYP2D6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meizi Wang
- The College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Suqing Wang
- The College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingjing Cui
- The College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Di Lian
- The College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuan Li
- The College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yutong Du
- The College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Li
- The College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
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7
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Khalil WA, Sharaf AE, Khalifa EI, El-Harairy MA, Swelum AA, Abdelnour SA. Recent approaches in the use of antioxidants and proteomic modifications in ram semen preservation. Reprod Domest Anim 2023; 58:1639-1653. [PMID: 37786951 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Sperm preservation is a well-established technique in reproductive biotechnology that is widely used to maintain the genetic quality of male individuals. However, there are several factors during the preservation process that can affect the vitality, functionality, and quality of sperm, thereby reducing their fertility potential after thawing. One of these factors is the synthesis of high levels of oxidative stress (OS) during semen preservation, which can have detrimental effects on sperm health and functionality. To counter the negative impact of OS on sperm, researchers have explored the supplementation of several exogenous antioxidants in the extenders used to preserve ram sperm. This approach has shown promising results in improving sperm health, functionality, and fertility potential in ram. Additionally, the preservation process can induce modifications in the ram sperm proteome. By employing targeted proteomics techniques, researchers have been able to identify and modify specific proteins in cryopreserved ram sperm, potentially offering further improvements in the quality of the cryopreserved ram sperm. In summary, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the antioxidants and targeted proteomics modifications that have been investigated for enhancing ram sperm preservation. These advancements aim to mitigate the negative effects of OS and optimize the techniques used in preserving ram sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael A Khalil
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Asmaa E Sharaf
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ezz I Khalifa
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mostafa A El-Harairy
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ayman A Swelum
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sameh A Abdelnour
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Jiang L, Gao Y, Han L, Zhang W, Fan P. Designing plant flavonoids: harnessing transcriptional regulation and enzyme variation to enhance yield and diversity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1220062. [PMID: 37575923 PMCID: PMC10420081 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1220062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant synthetic biology has emerged as a powerful and promising approach to enhance the production of value-added metabolites in plants. Flavonoids, a class of plant secondary metabolites, offer numerous health benefits and have attracted attention for their potential use in plant-based products. However, achieving high yields of specific flavonoids remains challenging due to the complex and diverse metabolic pathways involved in their biosynthesis. In recent years, synthetic biology approaches leveraging transcription factors and enzyme diversity have demonstrated promise in enhancing flavonoid yields and expanding their production repertoire. This review delves into the latest research progress in flavonoid metabolic engineering, encompassing the identification and manipulation of transcription factors and enzymes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, as well as the deployment of synthetic biology tools for designing metabolic pathways. This review underscores the importance of employing carefully-selected transcription factors to boost plant flavonoid production and harnessing enzyme promiscuity to broaden flavonoid diversity or streamline the biosynthetic steps required for effective metabolic engineering. By harnessing the power of synthetic biology and a deeper understanding of flavonoid biosynthesis, future researchers can potentially transform the landscape of plant-based product development across the food and beverage, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries, ultimately benefiting consumers worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Jiang
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifei Gao
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Leiqin Han
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenxuan Zhang
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengxiang Fan
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth and Development, Agricultural Ministry of China, Hangzhou, China
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He L, Hu Q, Wei L, Ge X, Yu N, Chen Y. Unravelling dynamic changes in non-volatile and volatile metabolites of pulses during soaking: An integrated metabolomics approach. Food Chem 2023; 422:136231. [PMID: 37141754 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
An integrated metabolomics approach based on UPLC-QTOF-MS and HS-SPME-GC-orbitrap-MS was performed to investigate the dynamic changes of metabolite profiling in chickpeas, red speckled kidney beans, and mung beans during soaking. There were 23, 23, 16 non-volatile metabolites, and 18, 21, 22 volatile metabolites were identified as differential metabolites in chickpeas, red speckled kidney beans, and mung beans during soaking, respectively. These metabolites mainly included flavonoids, lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs), lysophosphatidylethanolamines (LPEs), fatty acids, alcohols, aldehydes, and esters. The key time points responsible for the significant changes in metabolites and quality of the three pulses were 4, 8, and 24 h of soaking. Results revealed that the variations of some metabolites could attribute to oxidation and hydrolysis reactions. These results contribute to a better understanding of how soaking affects pulses quality, and provide useful information for determining soaking time according to nutritional and sensory requirements of their final products or dishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei He
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Hu
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, People's Republic of China; School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyang Wei
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuliyang Ge
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, People's Republic of China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Yu
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Chen
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Pérez-Arancibia R, Cisternas-Olmedo M, Sepúlveda D, Troncoso-Escudero P, Vidal RL. Small molecules to perform big roles: The search for Parkinson's and Huntington's disease therapeutics. Front Neurosci 2023; 16:1084493. [PMID: 36699535 PMCID: PMC9868863 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1084493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological motor disorders (NMDs) such as Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease are characterized by the accumulation and aggregation of misfolded proteins that trigger cell death of specific neuronal populations in the central nervous system. Differential neuronal loss initiates the impaired motor control and cognitive function in the affected patients. Although major advances have been carried out to understand the molecular basis of these diseases, to date there are no treatments that can prevent, cure, or significantly delay the progression of the disease. In this context, strategies such as gene editing, cellular therapy, among others, have gained attention as they effectively reduce the load of toxic protein aggregates in different models of neurodegeneration. Nevertheless, these strategies are expensive and difficult to deliver into the patients' nervous system. Thus, small molecules and natural products that reduce protein aggregation levels are highly sought after. Numerous drug discovery efforts have analyzed large libraries of synthetic compounds for the treatment of different NMDs, with a few candidates reaching clinical trials. Moreover, the recognition of new druggable targets for NMDs has allowed the discovery of new small molecules that have demonstrated their efficacy in pre-clinical studies. It is also important to recognize the contribution of natural products to the discovery of new candidates that can prevent or cure NMDs. Additionally, the repurposing of drugs for the treatment of NMDs has gained huge attention as they have already been through clinical trials confirming their safety in humans, which can accelerate the development of new treatment. In this review, we will focus on the new advances in the discovery of small molecules for the treatment of Parkinson's and Huntington's disease. We will begin by discussing the available pharmacological treatments to modulate the progression of neurodegeneration and to alleviate the motor symptoms in these diseases. Then, we will analyze those small molecules that have reached or are currently under clinical trials, including natural products and repurposed drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Pérez-Arancibia
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Faculty of Medicine and Science, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marisol Cisternas-Olmedo
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Denisse Sepúlveda
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paulina Troncoso-Escudero
- Molecular Diagnostic and Biomarkers Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rene L. Vidal
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
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11
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Wang J, Cao X, Wang C, Chen F, Feng Y, Yue L, Wang Z, Xing B. Fe-Based Nanomaterial-Induced Root Nodulation Is Modulated by Flavonoids to Improve Soybean ( Glycine max) Growth and Quality. ACS NANO 2022; 16:21047-21062. [PMID: 36479882 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Innovative technology to increase efficient nitrogen (N) use while avoiding environmental damages is needed because of the increasing food demand of the rapidly growing global population. Soybean (Glycine max) has evolved a complex symbiosis with N-fixing bacteria that forms nodules to fix N. Herein, foliar application of 10 mg L-1 Fe7(PO4)6 and Fe3O4 nanomaterials (NMs) (Fe-based NMs) promoted soybean growth and root nodulation, thus improving the yield and quality over that of the unexposed control, EDTA-control, and 1 and 5 mg L-1 NMs. Mechanistically, flavonoids, key signaling molecules at the initial signaling steps in nodulation, were increased by more than 20% upon exposure to 10 mg L-1 Fe-based NMs, due to enhanced key enzyme (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, PAL) activity and up-regulation of flavonoid biosynthetic genes (GmPAL, GmC4H, Gm4CL, and GmCHS). Accumulated flavonoids were secreted to the rhizosphere, recruiting rhizobia for colonization. Fe7(PO4)6 NMs increased Allorhizobium by 87.3%, and Fe3O4 NMs increased Allorhizobium and Mesorhizobium by 142.2% and 34.9%, leading to increased root nodules by 50.0% and 35.4% over the unexposed control, respectively. Leghemoglobin content was also noticeably improved by 8.2-46.5% upon Fe-based NMs. The higher levels of nodule number and leghemoglobin content resulted in enhanced N content by 15.5-181.2% during the whole growth period. Finally, the yield (pod number and grain biomass) and quality (flavonoids, soluble protein, and elemental nutrients) were significantly increased more than 14% by Fe-based NMs. Our study provides an effective nanoenabled strategy for inducing root nodules to increase N use efficiency, and then both yield and quality of soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xuesong Cao
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chuanxi Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Feiran Chen
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yan Feng
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Le Yue
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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12
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Sheridan R, Spelman K. Polyphenolic promiscuity, inflammation-coupled selectivity: Whether PAINs filters mask an antiviral asset. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:909945. [PMID: 36339544 PMCID: PMC9634583 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.909945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic has elicited much laboratory and clinical research attention on vaccines, mAbs, and certain small-molecule antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 infection. By contrast, there has been comparatively little attention on plant-derived compounds, especially those that are understood to be safely ingested at common doses and are frequently consumed in the diet in herbs, spices, fruits and vegetables. Examining plant secondary metabolites, we review recent elucidations into the pharmacological activity of flavonoids and other polyphenolic compounds and also survey their putative frequent-hitter behavior. Polyphenols, like many drugs, are glucuronidated post-ingestion. In an inflammatory milieu such as infection, a reversion back to the active aglycone by the release of β-glucuronidase from neutrophils and macrophages allows cellular entry of the aglycone. In the context of viral infection, virions and intracellular virus particles may be exposed to promiscuous binding by the polyphenol aglycones resulting in viral inhibition. As the mechanism's scope would apply to the diverse range of virus species that elicit inflammation in infected hosts, we highlight pre-clinical studies of polyphenol aglycones, such as luteolin, isoginkgetin, quercetin, quercetagetin, baicalein, curcumin, fisetin and hesperetin that reduce virion replication spanning multiple distinct virus genera. It is hoped that greater awareness of the potential spatial selectivity of polyphenolic activation to sites of pathogenic infection will spur renewed research and clinical attention for natural products antiviral assaying and trialing over a wide array of infectious viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin Spelman
- Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, MA, United States
- Health Education and Research, Driggs, ID, United States
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13
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Liu J, Zhang X, Tian J, Li Y, Liu Q, Chen X, Feng F, Yu X, Yang C. Multiomics analysis reveals that peach gum colouring reflects plant defense responses against pathogenic fungi. Food Chem 2022; 383:132424. [PMID: 35182869 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the differences in the antioxidant capability, metabolite composition and fungal diversity in peach gum with various colours were investigated. Metabolomics revealed that peach gum comprised many small-molecule metabolites (including primary and secondary metabolites), and most polyphenols (such as flavonoids and phenolic acids) showed a significantly positive relationship with the colour deepening, total phenol content and antioxidant capability. Using fungal diversity analysis, the abundance of five fungi at the genus level increased with peach gum colour deepening, and these fungi demonstrated a significantly positive relationship with two defense hormones (salicylic acid and abscisic acid) and most polyphenols (particularly flavonoids). The gummosis pathogenic fungus Botryosphaeria was among the five fungi, suggesting that peach gum colouring may reflect plant defense responses against pathogenic fungi. Additionally, the concentrations of 12 flavonoids in peach gum samples were detected based on LC-QQQ/MS, among which hesperetin, naringenin and eriodictyol were the most abundant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China; Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Zhenjiang City University Road, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Xiping Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China; Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Ju Tian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China; Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yong Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China; Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Zhenjiang City University Road, Zhenjiang 212001, China.
| | - Qiyue Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China; Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China; Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Fayun Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China; Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiangyang Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China; Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Chenye Yang
- Central Laboratory in Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China
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Effect of Fermentation Time on Physiochemical Properties of Kombucha Produced from Different Teas and Fruits: Comparative Study. J FOOD QUALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/2342954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the impact of fermentation time on antioxidative activities and phenolic composition and sensory quality of kombucha fermented from different teas (green, black, and oolong) and fruits (grape, dragon, and guava). Results: the highest antioxidative activity was observed in kombucha from green tea and grapefruit fermented for 6-7 days at 25–30°C and 48 h at 37°C, respectively. Further analysis revealed that the antioxidative activity of grape kombucha was significantly improved due to an increase in polyphenols’ concentration as compared to original green tea kombucha. Furthermore, the sensory evaluation of grape kombucha suggested that grape-flavoured kombucha is more acceptable by the young-aged group. In conclusion, this study provides a potential and promising method for the first time to produce fruit-flavoured kombucha with increased bioactive compounds in very short fermentation time (48 h) which could fulfil the nutritional requirement for human health.
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15
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Optimizing Procedures of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Waste Orange Peels by Response Surface Methodology. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27072268. [PMID: 35408666 PMCID: PMC9000381 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The simultaneous effects of three continuous factors: solvent concentration (50−100%), treated times (25−85 min), treated temperatures (25−55 °C), and two categorical factors: type of solvents (methanol or ethanol) and ultrasonic frequency (28 kHz or 40 kHz) on ultrasonic-assisted extraction yield from waste orange peels were evaluated and optimized by response surface methodology. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy with a wavelength of 500 cm−1 to 4000 cm−1 was employed to rapidly identify the orange extracts. The significant polynomial regression models on crude extraction, sediments after evaporation, and precipitation yield were established (p < 0.05). Results revealed that solvent concentration affected crude extraction and precipitation yield linearly (p < 0.01). The optimal and practical ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions for increasing the precipitation yield were using 61.42% methanol with 85 min at 55 °C under 40 kHz ultrasonic frequency. The spectra of extracts showed a similar fingerprint of hesperidin.
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16
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Hahm TH, Tanaka M, Matsui T. Current Knowledge on Intestinal Absorption of Anthocyanins. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:2501-2509. [PMID: 35179384 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c08207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are flavonoid compounds that are natural color pigments occurring in various colored plants, such as berry fruits, vegetables, and grapes. With the elucidation of their various physiological effects, anthocyanins have been identified as promising functional food ingredients. However, findings on the bioavailability of anthocyanins, which are present in various chemical structures in foods, are limited; their intestinal absorption behaviors, including their transport route(s), have not been fully explained. This perspective overviews the current knowledge and issues and discusses advanced techniques, such as in situ matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging, and future perspectives on the study of the bioavailability of anthocyanins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hun Hahm
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Tanaka
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Toshiro Matsui
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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17
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Syahputra RA, Harahap U, Dalimunthe A, Nasution MP, Satria D. The Role of Flavonoids as a Cardioprotective Strategy against Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity: A Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27041320. [PMID: 35209107 PMCID: PMC8878416 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin is a widely used and promising anticancer drug; however, a severe dose-dependent cardiotoxicity hampers its therapeutic value. Doxorubicin may cause acute and chronic issues, depending on the duration of toxicity. In clinical practice, the accumulative toxic dose is up to 400 mg/m2 and increasing the dose will increase the probability of cardiac toxicity. Several molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of doxorubicin cardiotoxicity have been proposed, including oxidative stress, topoisomerase beta II inhibition, mitochondrial dysfunction, Ca2+ homeostasis dysregulation, intracellular iron accumulation, ensuing cell death (apoptosis and necrosis), autophagy, and myofibrillar disarray and loss. Natural products including flavonoids have been widely studied both in cell, animal, and human models which proves that flavonoids alleviate cardiac toxicity caused by doxorubicin. This review comprehensively summarizes cardioprotective activity flavonoids including quercetin, luteolin, rutin, apigenin, naringenin, and hesperidin against doxorubicin, both in in vitro and in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rony Abdi Syahputra
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia;
- Correspondence: (R.A.S.); (U.H.)
| | - Urip Harahap
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia;
- Correspondence: (R.A.S.); (U.H.)
| | - Aminah Dalimunthe
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia;
| | - M. Pandapotan Nasution
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia; (M.P.N.); (D.S.)
| | - Denny Satria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia; (M.P.N.); (D.S.)
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18
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Physiological Effects of Red-Colored Food-Derived Bioactive Compounds on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12041786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major global cause of disease and mortality. CVDs are a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels and include coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, heart failure, and other conditions. The most important behavioral risk factors for heart disease and stroke are diet, physical activity, smoking, and drinking. Increased intake of fruits and vegetables is associated with reducing the risk of metabolic syndrome and CVDs. Red-colored foods align with cardiovascular health by protecting the heart and blood vessels. Red fruits and vegetables include tomatoes, strawberries, raspberries, cranberries, cherries, red apples, beets, and pomegranate. In vitro and in vivo studies, as well as clinical trials, show that the components of red foods demonstrate various potential health benefits against disease. In conclusion, there are many advantages to eating vegetable foods, especially red fruits and vegetables.
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Cháirez-Ramírez MH, de la Cruz-López KG, García-Carrancá A. Polyphenols as Antitumor Agents Targeting Key Players in Cancer-Driving Signaling Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:710304. [PMID: 34744708 PMCID: PMC8565650 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.710304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols constitute an important group of natural products that are traditionally associated with a wide range of bioactivities. These are usually found in low concentrations in natural products and are now available in nutraceuticals or dietary supplements. A group of polyphenols that include apigenin, quercetin, curcumin, resveratrol, EGCG, and kaempferol have been shown to regulate signaling pathways that are central for cancer development, progression, and metastasis. Here, we describe novel mechanistic insights on the effect of this group of polyphenols on key elements of the signaling pathways impacting cancer. We describe the protein modifications induced by these polyphenols and their effect on the central elements of several signaling pathways including PI3K, Akt, mTOR, RAS, and MAPK and particularly those affecting the tumor suppressor p53 protein. Modifications of p53 induced by these polyphenols regulate p53 gene expression and protein levels and posttranslational modifications such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and ubiquitination that influence stability, subcellular location, activation of new transcriptional targets, and the role of p53 in response to DNA damage, apoptosis control, cell- cycle regulation, senescence, and cell fate. Thus, deep understanding of the effects that polyphenols have on these key players in cancer-driving signaling pathways will certainly lead to better designed targeted therapies, with less toxicity for cancer treatment. The scope of this review centers on the regulation of key elements of cancer signaling pathways by the most studied polyphenols and highlights the importance of a profound understanding of these regulations in order to improve cancer treatment and control with natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Humberto Cháirez-Ramírez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Karen Griselda de la Cruz-López
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico.,Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro García-Carrancá
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
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20
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Nanotechnology Applications of Flavonoids for Viral Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111895. [PMID: 34834309 PMCID: PMC8625292 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed the emergence of several viral diseases, including various zoonotic diseases such as the current pandemic caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Other viruses, which possess pandemic-causing potential include avian flu, Ebola, dengue, Zika, and Nipah virus, as well as the re-emergence of SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) and MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) coronaviruses. Notably, effective drugs or vaccines against these viruses are still to be discovered. All the newly approved vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2-induced disease COVID-19 possess real-time possibility of becoming obsolete because of the development of ‘variants of concern’. Flavonoids are being increasingly recognized as prophylactic and therapeutic agents against emerging and old viral diseases. Around 10,000 natural flavonoid compounds have been identified, being phytochemicals, all plant-based. Flavonoids have been reported to have lesser side effects than conventional anti-viral agents and are effective against more viral diseases than currently used anti-virals. Despite their abundance in plants, which are a part of human diet, flavonoids have the problem of low bioavailability. Various attempts are in progress to increase the bioavailability of flavonoids, one of the promising fields being nanotechnology. This review is a narrative of some anti-viral dietary flavonoids, their bioavailability, and various means with an emphasis on the nanotechnology system(s) being experimented with to deliver anti-viral flavonoids, whose systems show potential in the efficient delivery of flavonoids, resulting in increased bioavailability.
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21
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Determination of nutritional constituents, antioxidant properties, and α-amylase inhibitory activity of Sechium edule (chayote) shoot from different extraction solvents and cooking methods. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Dias MC, Pinto DCGA, Silva AMS. Plant Flavonoids: Chemical Characteristics and Biological Activity. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175377. [PMID: 34500810 PMCID: PMC8434187 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 118.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, more attention has been paid to natural sources of antioxidants. Flavonoids are natural substances synthesized in several parts of plants that exhibit a high antioxidant capacity. They are a large family, presenting several classes based on their basic structure. Flavonoids have the ability to control the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via scavenger ROS when they are formed. Therefore, these antioxidant compounds have an important role in plant stress tolerance and a high relevance in human health, mainly due to their anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. In addition, flavonoids have several applications in the food industry as preservatives, pigments, and antioxidants, as well as in other industries such as cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. However, flavonoids application for industrial purposes implies extraction processes with high purity and quality. Several methodologies have been developed aimed at increasing flavonoid extraction yield and being environmentally friendly. This review presents the most abundant natural flavonoids, their structure and chemical characteristics, extraction methods, and biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Celeste Dias
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.C.G.A.P.); (A.M.S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-239-240-752
| | - Diana C. G. A. Pinto
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.C.G.A.P.); (A.M.S.S.)
| | - Artur M. S. Silva
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.C.G.A.P.); (A.M.S.S.)
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23
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Dini I, Laneri S. The New Challenge of Green Cosmetics: Natural Food Ingredients for Cosmetic Formulations. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133921. [PMID: 34206931 PMCID: PMC8271805 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, much attention is paid to issues such as ecology and sustainability. Many consumers choose “green cosmetics”, which are environmentally friendly creams, makeup, and beauty products, hoping that they are not harmful to health and reduce pollution. Moreover, the repeated mini-lock downs during the COVID-19 pandemic have fueled the awareness that body beauty is linked to well-being, both external and internal. As a result, consumer preferences for makeup have declined, while those for skincare products have increased. Nutricosmetics, which combines the benefits derived from food supplementation with the advantages of cosmetic treatments to improve the beauty of our body, respond to the new market demands. Food chemistry and cosmetic chemistry come together to promote both inside and outside well-being. A nutricosmetic optimizes the intake of nutritional microelements to meet the needs of the skin and skin appendages, improving their conditions and delaying aging, thus helping to protect the skin from the aging action of environmental factors. Numerous studies in the literature show a significant correlation between the adequate intake of these supplements, improved skin quality (both aesthetic and histological), and the acceleration of wound-healing. This review revised the main foods and bioactive molecules used in nutricosmetic formulations, their cosmetic effects, and the analytical techniques that allow the dosage of the active ingredients in the food.
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Lee FY, Vo GT, Barrow CJ, Dunshea FR, Suleria HAR. Mango rejects and mango waste: Characterization and quantification of phenolic compounds and their antioxidant potential. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fung Ying Lee
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Gia Toan Vo
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Colin J. Barrow
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University Geelong VIC Australia
| | - Frank R. Dunshea
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
- Faculty of Biological Sciences The University of Leeds Leeds UK
| | - Hafiz A. R. Suleria
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University Geelong VIC Australia
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25
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Aro AO, Famuyide IM, Elisha IL, Kabongo-Kayoka PN, McGaw LJ, Kahler-Venter CP. Differentiation of Tarchonanthus camphoratus L. and Tarchonanthus parvicapitulatus P.P.J. Herman (Asteraceae) using electron microscopy, and comparison of their biological activities. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 267:113620. [PMID: 33246114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tarchonanthus camphoratus L. complex has numerous medicinal uses amongst the sub-Saharan African populace, including treatment for bronchospasm. This study focused on providing scientific rationale for the traditional use of the extracts of T. camphoratus and T. parvicapitulatus. T. camphoratus L. complex has been published under diverse names by various taxonomists. Tarchonanthus parvicapitulatus was one of the newly described taxa, leaving Tarchonanthus camphoratus L. sens. strict. as a homogenous taxon. However, some of the morphological characters used tend to overlap, making it difficult to identify the different taxa. AIMS The aim of this study was to evaluate the bronchodilatory, antioxidant and toxicological properties of the leaves of T. camphoratus L. and T. parvicapitulatus. This study also aimed to use scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to assess the differences between T. camphoratus L. and T. parvicapitulatus. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thin layer chromatography (TLC) with vanillin as visualizing agent was used to qualitatively compare the phytoconstituents of the plant acetone extracts. The free radical scavenging antioxidant qualitative assay was done by spraying TLC plates with DPPH free radical. The bronchodilatory effects of the aqueous extracts were assessed using pre-contracted guinea pig trachea. The effects of the extracts of T. camphoratus L. and T. parvicapitulatus on superoxide and ATP production was also investigated on isolated human neutrophils. A micromorphology study was done using scanning electron microscopy to study the leaves. RESULTS Different compounds were visualized on the TLC plates with more than 40 compounds of intermediate polarity. The TLC plates sprayed with DPPH revealed the presence of 20 and 23 antioxidant compounds for T. camphoratus and T. parvicapitulatus respectively. Upon pre-contraction of the tracheal smooth muscles, the aqueous extracts of T. parvicapitulatus significantly relaxed the trachea while the relaxation observed for T. camphoratus was not significant. All the tested concentrations had a dose dependent inhibitory effect on superoxide production. The crude extract of T. parvicapitulatus at the highest concentration (10 mg/ml) significantly decreased ATP production while a non-significant increase in ATP production was observed for T. camphoratus at the highest concentration (10 mg/ml) when compared with the control. The micromorphology study was useful in revealing the presence of trichomes on the upper leaf surface of the studied taxa. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained from this study showed that the studied plant extracts had bronchodilatory effects on contracted guinea pig trachea and could also inhibit the production of free radicals including superoxide anions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the bronchodilatory activity of T. camphoratus and T. parvicapitulatus. The micromorphological studies were useful in distinguishing between the two species, confirming that T. camphoratus L. and T. parvicapitulatus are different taxa. This study provides evidence to support the traditional use of T. camphoratus and T. parvicapitulatus in managing bronchospasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Aro
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida Campus, South Africa.
| | - I M Famuyide
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa.
| | - I L Elisha
- Phytomedicine Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680 Arcadia, 0001, Pretoria, South Africa; Drug Development Section, Biochemistry Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, P.M.B. 01, Vom Plateau State, Nigeria.
| | - P N Kabongo-Kayoka
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida Campus, South Africa.
| | - L J McGaw
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa.
| | - C P Kahler-Venter
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Sefako Makgatho University of Health Sciences, Ga-rankuwa, South Africa.
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Hahm TH, Tanaka M, Nguyen HN, Tsutsumi A, Aizawa K, Matsui T. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry-guided visualization analysis of intestinal absorption of acylated anthocyanins in Sprague-Dawley rats. Food Chem 2021; 334:127586. [PMID: 32707364 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
It is unknown whether intestinal absorption of acylated anthocyanins occurs in their intact or metabolized form. In this study, with the aid of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) imaging, intestinal absorption of acylated anthocyanins was visually investigated. Anthocyanin extracts from purple carrots were orally administered to Sprague-Dawley rats. Acylated cyanidins were absorbed into portal and circulating blood systems in their intact form, and aglycon; cyanidin 3-O-(6-O-feruloyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl)-(1 → 6)-[β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-β-d-galactopyranoside (Cy3XFGG), and showed a high absorption of 39.3 ± 0.1 pmol/mL-plasma at 60 min after administration. MALDI-MS imaging analysis of the rat jejunum membranes showed that an organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) transporter was involved in Cy3XFGG transport, while deacylated anthocyanins were incorporated through both the glucose transporter 2 and OATP routes. In conclusion, acylated anthocyanin, Cy3XFGG, can be absorbed in its intact form through intestinal OATP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hun Hahm
- Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Tanaka
- Research and Development Center for Five-Sense Devices, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Huu-Nghi Nguyen
- Department of Science and International Collaboration, Institute for Research and Development of Organic Products, 176 Phung Khoang, Trung Van, Nam Tu Liem, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Ayaka Tsutsumi
- Innovation Division, Kagome Co., Ltd., 17 Nishitomiyama, Nasushiobara, Tochigi 329-2762, Japan
| | - Koichi Aizawa
- Innovation Division, Kagome Co., Ltd., 17 Nishitomiyama, Nasushiobara, Tochigi 329-2762, Japan
| | - Toshiro Matsui
- Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; Research and Development Center for Five-Sense Devices, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
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27
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Tan L, Jin Z, Ge Y, Nadeem H, Cheng Z, Azeem F, Zhan R. Comprehensive ESI-Q TRAP-MS/MS based characterization of metabolome of two mango (Mangifera indica L) cultivars from China. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20017. [PMID: 33208758 PMCID: PMC7676270 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75636-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols based bioactive compounds from vegetables and fruits are known for impressive antioxidant activity. Ingestion of these antioxidants may promote human health against cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Mango is a popular tropical fruit with special taste, high nutritional value and health-enhancing metabolites. The aim was to investigate the diversity of phytochemicals between two mango cultivars of china at three stages of fruit maturity. We used ESI-QTRAP-MS/MS approach to characterize comprehensively the metabolome of two mango cultivars named Hongguifei (HGF) and Tainong (TN). HPLC was used to quantify selected catechin based phenolic compounds. Moreover, real-time qPCR was used to study the expression profiles of two key genes (ANR and LAR) involved in proanthocyanidin biosynthesis from catechins and derivatives. A total of 651 metabolites were identified, which include at least 257 phenolic compounds. Higher number of metabolites were differentially modulated in peel as compared to pulp. Overall, the relative quantities of amino acids, carbohydrates, organic acids, and other metabolites were increased in the pulp of TN cultivar. While the contents of phenolic compounds were relatively higher in HGF cultivar. Moreover, HPLC based quantification of catechin and derivatives exhibited cultivar specific variations. The ANR and LAR genes exhibited an opposite expression profile in both cultivars. Current study is the first report of numerous metabolites including catechin-based derivatives in mango fruit. These findings open novel possibilities for the use of mango as a source of bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tan
- Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Zhiqiang Jin
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yu Ge
- Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Habibullah Nadeem
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zhihao Cheng
- Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Farrukh Azeem
- Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China.
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Rulin Zhan
- Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China.
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28
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Chen W, Wang S, Wu Y, Shen X, Xu S, Guo Z, Zhang R, Xing D. The Physiologic Activity and Mechanism of Quercetin-Like Natural Plant Flavonoids. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:654-658. [PMID: 32048963 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200212093130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The term "vitamin P" is an old but interesting concept. Most substances in this category belong to the family of flavonoids. "Vitamin P" has also been used to define the activity of some flavonoids, including quercetin, myricetin, and rutin. According to experimental studies, the "quercetin-like natural plant flavonoids" are beneficial to the body due to their various physiological and pharmacological activities in large doses (5 μM in vitro, 50 mg/kg in mice and 100 mg/kg in rats). The physiologically achievable concentration is 10 to 100 nM, which is quite high and hard to achieve from a normal diet. Thus, the physiologic activity and mechanism of "vitamin P" are still not clear. It should be noted that the quercetin-like natural plant flavonoids are physiological co-factors of cyclooxygenases (COXs), which are the rate-limiting key enzymes of prostaglandins. These quercetin-like natural plant flavonoids can strongly stimulate prostaglandin levels at lower doses (10 nM in vitro and in 0.1 mg/kg in vivo in rats). Although these "vitamin P" substances are not original substances in the body, their physiological functions affect the body. This review is focused on the most compelling evidence regarding the physiologic role and mechanism of quercetin-like natural plant flavonoids, which may be useful in understanding the physiological functions of "vitamin P", with the goal of focusing on the role of flavonoids in human physiological health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wujun Chen
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China,Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China,Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China,Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China,Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China,Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, 261041, China
| | - Yudong Wu
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China,Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China,Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Xin Shen
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China,Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China,Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Shutan Xu
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China,Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China,Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Zhu Guo
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China,Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China,Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China,Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Renshuai Zhang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China,Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China,Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Dongming Xing
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China,Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China,Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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29
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Boo YC. Emerging Strategies to Protect the Skin from Ultraviolet Rays Using Plant-Derived Materials. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E637. [PMID: 32708455 PMCID: PMC7402153 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9070637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sunlight contains a significant amount of ultraviolet (UV) ray, which leads to various effects on homeostasis in the body. Defense strategies to protect from UV rays have been extensively studied, as sunburn, photoaging, and photocarcinogenesis are caused by excessive UV exposure. The primary lines of defense against UV damage are melanin and trans-urocanic acid, which are distributed in the stratum corneum. UV rays that pass beyond these lines of defense can lead to oxidative damage. However, cells detect changes due to UV rays as early as possible and initiate cell signaling processes to prevent the occurrence of damage and repair the already occurred damage. Cosmetic and dermatology experts recommend using a sunscreen product to prevent UV-induced damage. A variety of strategies using antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents have also been developed to complement the skin's defenses against UV rays. Researchers have examined the use of plant-derived materials to alleviate the occurrence of skin aging, diseases, and cancer caused by UV rays. Furthermore, studies are also underway to determine how to promote melanin production to protect from UV-induced skin damage. This review provides discussion of the damage that occurs in the skin due to UV light and describes potential defense strategies using plant-derived materials. This review aims to assist researchers in understanding the current research in this area and to potentially plan future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chool Boo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
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30
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Dourado NS, Souza CDS, de Almeida MMA, Bispo da Silva A, Dos Santos BL, Silva VDA, De Assis AM, da Silva JS, Souza DO, Costa MDFD, Butt AM, Costa SL. Neuroimmunomodulatory and Neuroprotective Effects of the Flavonoid Apigenin in in vitro Models of Neuroinflammation Associated With Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:119. [PMID: 32499693 PMCID: PMC7243840 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (ND) are characterized by the progressive and irreversible loss of neurons. Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is the most incident age-related ND, in which the presence of a chronic inflammatory compound seems to be related to its pathogenesis. Different stimuli in the central nervous system (CNS) can induce activation, proliferation, and changes in phenotype and glial function, which can be modulated by anti-inflammatory agents. Apigenin (4,5,7–trihydroxyflavone) is a flavonoid found in abundance in many fruits and vegetables, that has shown important effects upon controlling the inflammatory response. This study evaluated the neuroprotective and neuroimmunomodulatory potential of apigenin using in vitro models of neuroinflammation associated with AD. Co-cultures of neurons and glial cells were obtained from the cortex of newborn and embryonic Wistar rats. After 26 days in vitro, cultures were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 1 μg/ml), or IL-1β (10 ng/ml) for 24 h, or to Aβ oligomers (500 nM) for 4 h, and then treated with apigenin (1 μM) for further 24 h. It was observed that the treatment with apigenin preserved neurons and astrocytes integrity, determined by Rosenfeld’s staining and immunocytochemistry for β-tubulin III and GFAP, respectively. Moreover, it was observed by Fluoro-Jade-B and caspase-3 immunostaining that apigenin was not neurotoxic and has a neuroprotective effect against inflammatory damage. Additionally, apigenin reduced microglial activation, characterized by inhibition of proliferation (BrdU+ cells) and modulation of microglia morphology (Iba-1 + cells), and decreased the expression of the M1 inflammatory marker CD68. Moreover, as determined by RT-qPCR, inflammatory stimuli induced by IL-1β increased the mRNA expression of IL-6, IL-1β, and CCL5, and decreased the mRNA expression of IL-10. Contrary, after treatment with apigenin in inflammatory stimuli (IL-1β or LPS) there was a modulation of the mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines, and reduced expression of OX42, IL-6 and gp130. Moreover, apigenin alone and after an inflammatory stimulus with IL-1β also induced the increase in the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), an effect that may be associated with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. Together these data demonstrate that apigenin presents neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and might represent an important neuroimmunomodulatory agent for the treatment of neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiara Silva Dourado
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cellular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon S/N, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Cleide Dos Santos Souza
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cellular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon S/N, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil.,Sheffield Institute of Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Monique Marylin Alves de Almeida
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cellular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon S/N, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Bispo da Silva
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cellular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon S/N, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Balbino Lino Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cellular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon S/N, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil.,College of Nursing, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF), Petrolina, Brazil
| | - Victor Diogenes Amaral Silva
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cellular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon S/N, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil.,INCT for Excitotoxicity and Neuroprotection (INCT-EN, BR), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Adriano Martimbianco De Assis
- INCT for Excitotoxicity and Neuroprotection (INCT-EN, BR), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Postgraduate in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas (UCPEL), Pelotas, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jussemara Souza da Silva
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Diogo Onofre Souza
- INCT for Excitotoxicity and Neuroprotection (INCT-EN, BR), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maria de Fatima Dias Costa
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cellular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon S/N, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Excitotoxicidade e Neuroproteção (INCT)-Translational Neuroscience (INCT-TN, BR), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Arthur Morgan Butt
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Lima Costa
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cellular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon S/N, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil.,INCT for Excitotoxicity and Neuroprotection (INCT-EN, BR), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Excitotoxicidade e Neuroproteção (INCT)-Translational Neuroscience (INCT-TN, BR), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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31
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Zhang Y, Meenu M, Yu H, Xu B. An Investigation on Phenolic and Antioxidant Capacity of Under-utilized Food Legumes Consumed in China. Foods 2020; 9:foods9040438. [PMID: 32268476 PMCID: PMC7231270 DOI: 10.3390/foods9040438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
China is a major producer of various kinds of food legumes. Some of the under-utilized food legumes are consumed by the local society from different areas in China. The antioxidant capacity and phytochemical profile of these under-utilized food legumes haven’t been investigated until now. In this study, colorimetric and high-performance liquid chromatography was employed to explore the antioxidant capacity and phytochemical profile of 21 under-utilized food legumes. Different legumes under investigation exhibit a wide range of variations in their total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoids content (TFC) and condensed tannins content (CTC). Among all the legume samples, the velvet bean from Hechi, Guangxi exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity while the white flat bean from Shangrao, Shanxi presented the least antioxidant capacity. Gallic acid was observed to be a major phenolic acid and its content in the velvet bean was significantly higher compared to the other legume samples explored in this study. The composition of flavonoids was different among all the legumes. Kaempferol was observed to be the most predominant flavonoid. The findings of this study will be beneficial for plant breeders, food scientists and consumers for the better selection of germplasm with a high level of phytochemicals that in turn possess maximum health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
- Food Science and Technology Program, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai 519087, China; (M.M.); (B.X.)
| | - Maninder Meenu
- Food Science and Technology Program, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai 519087, China; (M.M.); (B.X.)
| | - Hansong Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-133-3176-0468
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai 519087, China; (M.M.); (B.X.)
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32
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Boo YC. Can Plant Phenolic Compounds Protect the Skin from Airborne Particulate Matter? Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8090379. [PMID: 31500121 PMCID: PMC6769904 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is directly exposed to the polluted atmospheric environment, and skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis and acne vulgaris, can be induced or exacerbated by airborne particulate matter (PM). PM can also promote premature skin aging with its accompanying functional and morphological changes. PM-induced skin diseases and premature skin aging are largely mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the harmful effects of PM may be ameliorated by safe and effective natural antioxidants. Experimental studies have shown that the extracts and phenolic compounds derived from many plants, such as cocoa, green tea, grape, pomegranate, and some marine algae, have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on PM-exposed cells. The phenolic compounds can decrease the levels of ROS in cells and/or enhance cellular antioxidant capacity and, thereby, can attenuate PM-induced oxidative damage to nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. They also lower the levels of cytokines, chemokines, cell adhesion molecules, prostaglandins, and matrix metalloproteinases implicated in cellular inflammatory responses to PM. Although there is still much research to be done, current studies in this field suggest that plant-derived phenolic compounds may have a protective effect on skin exposed to high levels of air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chool Boo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea.
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea.
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea.
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33
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Willems JL, Low NH. Structural identification of compounds for use in the detection of juice-to-juice debasing between apple and pear juices. Food Chem 2017; 241:346-352. [PMID: 28958538 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.08.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The ability to detect the undeclared addition of a juice of lesser economic value to one of higher value (juice-to-juice debasing) is a particular concern between apple and pear juices due to similarities in their major carbohydrate/polyol profiles. Fingerprint compounds for the detection of this type of adulteration were identified in both commercial apple and pear juices by HPLC-PDA, were isolated chromatographically, and structurally identified by LC-MS/MS. The apple juice fingerprint was identified as 4-O-p-coumarylquinic acid and two pear compounds as isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside and abscisic acid. Additionally, the HPLC-PDA profile of pear juices in combination with pear fingerprint compounds including arbutin could be used to identify samples originating from China versus those from other geographical locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L Willems
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Nicholas H Low
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A8, Canada.
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34
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Goodger JQD, Seneratne SL, Nicolle D, Woodrow IE. Foliar Essential Oil Glands of Eucalyptus Subgenus Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae) Are a Rich Source of Flavonoids and Related Non-Volatile Constituents. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151432. [PMID: 26977933 PMCID: PMC4792381 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The sub-dermal secretory cavities (glands) embedded within the leaves of Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae) were once thought to be the exclusive repositories of monoterpene and sesquiterpene oils. Recent research has debunked this theory and shown that abundant non-volatile compounds also occur within foliar glands. In particular, glands of four species in subgenus Eucalyptus contain the biologically active flavanone pinocembrin. Pinocembrin shows great promise as a pharmaceutical and is predominantly plant-sourced, so Eucalyptus could be a potential commercial source of such compounds. To explore this we quantified and assessed the purity of pinocembrin in glands of 11 species of E. subg. Eucalyptus using Electro-Spray Ionisation Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry of acetonitrile extracts and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry analyses of hexane extracts of isolated glands which were free from other leaf tissues. Our results showed that the glands of subgenus Eucalyptus contain numerous flavanones that are structurally related to pinocembrin and often present in much greater abundance. The maximum concentration of pinocembrin was 2 mg g-1 dry leaf found in E. stellulata, whereas that of dimethylpinocembrin (5,7-dimethoxyflavanone) was 10 mg g-1 in E. oreades and that of pinostrobin (5-hydroxy-7-methoxyflavanone) was 12 mg g-1 in E. nitida. We also found that the flavanones are exclusively located within the foliar glands rather than distributed throughout leaf tissues. The flavanones differ from the non-methylated pinocembrin in the degree and positions of methylation. This finding is particularly important given the attractiveness of methylated flavonoids as pharmaceuticals and therapeutics. Another important finding was that glands of some members of the subgenus also contain flavanone O-glucosides and flavanone-β-triketone conjugates. In addition, glands contain free β-triketones, β-triketone heterodimers and chromone C-glucosides. Therefore, the foliar glands of this taxonomically distinct group of plants are a rich source of a range of flavonoids and other biologically active compounds with great commercial potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Q. D. Goodger
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Dean Nicolle
- Currency Creek Arboretum, PO Box 808 Melrose Park, Currency Creek, SA, 5039, Australia
| | - Ian E. Woodrow
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Wu CH, Shieh TM, Wang KL, Huang TC, Hsia SM. Quercetin, a main flavonoid in onion, inhibits the PGF2α-induced uterine contraction in vitro and in vivo. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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