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Garnett D, Cobbing S, Viljoen C, Patricios J. High school rugby coaches' knowledge and opinions of concussion in Kwa-Zulu Natal province in South Africa: an ecological cross-sectional study. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2024; 16:139. [PMID: 38915113 PMCID: PMC11194973 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-024-00930-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concussions in Rugby Union are common with an increased risk to adolescent players. Coaches are key to injury prevention and a greater understanding of their knowledge and sentiments may guide future initiatives. There is a lack of data on rugby coaches, especially in South Africa. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge and opinions of high school rugby coaches regarding concussion management. METHODS This cross-sectional study of 37 high school rugby coaches in South Africa, was conducted via a self-reported questionnaire. Concussion knowledge was scored for correct answers only with closed-question scaling methods to measure the importance of items of concussion management using a graphical rating scale. An attitude scale (Likert) was used to assess self-reported opinions and behaviours. Associations were calculated for participant characteristics and overall concussion injury knowledge. RESULTS More participants showed good overall knowledge of ≥ 75% (n = 22, 59% vs. n = 15, 40%), especially those with greater coaching experience (p = 0.021). Player welfare was perceived more important than player performance (185 vs. 164), with concussion prevention most important (184 of 185). Appealing characteristics of an injury prevention programme were the improvement of player skill (173, SD ± 0.75, mean 4.68), being adaptable (171, ± 0.86, 4.62), and being completed in the warm-up (167, ± 0.93, 4.51). The biggest perceived barriers were duration (138, ± 1.59, mean 3.73), effort (130, ± 1.56, 3.51), compliance and lack of knowledge (both 127, ± 1.68, 3.43). CONCLUSION These results support the implementation of ongoing concussion education for rugby coaches and identify areas for promoting awareness and knowledge of concussion injury prevention, identification, and specific management of younger athletes. Appealing characteristics and barriers are highlighted and may allow for improved implementation and adherence to concussion prevention programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Garnett
- Physiotherapy Department, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
- Department of Sport, Health Sciences and Social Work, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK.
| | - Saul Cobbing
- Physiotherapy Department, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- The Institute for Education Research, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Carel Viljoen
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Amsterdam Collaboration On Health & Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Science, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jon Patricios
- Wits Sport and Health (WiSH), School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Wicklund A, Andrews B, Coatsworth JD. School Concussion Policy in Colorado: Lack of Knowledge and Access Are Barriers to Education. J Sch Nurs 2020; 38:442-448. [PMID: 33047646 DOI: 10.1177/1059840520964925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
All states have youth sports concussion laws that have helped shape school concussion policy. However, state laws do not specify how schools distribute policy. The present study examined parent, youth, and school personnel's knowledge of school concussion policy in Colorado and ease of access to policy via school website. Youth (n = 1,987), parents (n = 520), and school personnel (n = 130) completed an online survey about knowledge of their schools' concussion policy. Less than half of parents (48.9%) and students (43.0%) knew their school had a policy. School personnel were aware of the policy (96%). Among youth, rates of knowledge differed across gender, school level, and sport participation. Forty-nine percent of school district websites contained information on concussion. There are gaps in knowledge of concussion policy for youth and their parents. Teachers, administrators, coaches, and school nurses, who are educated on policy, could help facilitate communication. School websites are not being fully utilized to disseminate concussion policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa Wicklund
- OCR Regional Concussion Center, Orthopaedic & Spine Center of the Rockies, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Barb Andrews
- OCR Regional Concussion Center, Orthopaedic & Spine Center of the Rockies, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - J Douglas Coatsworth
- Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Snegireva N, Derman W, Patricios J, Welman KE. Awareness and Perceived Value of Eye Tracking Technology for Concussion Assessment among Sports Medicine Clinicians: A Multinational Study. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2020; 48:165-172. [PMID: 31322973 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2019.1645577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The awareness of concussion as a serious and frequently occurring sports injury and its management has evolved significantly. One viable objective diagnostic tool is eye tracking technology. The authors hypothesized that while clinicians may be aware that assessing eye movements in concussed athletes can be beneficial, it is possible that, due to the novelty of the eye tracking technology and limited exposure, only a few actually use it in their practice. The study aimed to assess the awareness of eye movement deficits associated with concussion amongst sports medicine clinicians and to determine the utilization and perceptions of the eye tracking technology for concussion diagnosis.Methods: An online 18-question survey was distributed internationally from January until December 2017 and completed by 171 sports medicine clinicians (sport physicians, therapists, general practitioners, neuropsychologists) from 32 countries.Results: Respondents indicated that subjectivity of assessments remained a major limitation of established diagnostic tools. Eye tracking technology, despite its potential to attenuate this limitation, was only used by 12% of respondents. To diagnose concussion, 77% did not use any eye movement assessment tools other than own clinical assessment. With the exception of abnormal pupil light reflex, which was checked by 68%, eye movement deficits were inspected by less than half of the respondents (46.3 ± 12%).Conclusion: Even among sports medicine clinicians who regularly attend to patients with concussions, there is insufficient awareness that concussion can lead to abnormal eye tracking behavior. Lack of exposure to the sensitive eye tracking equipment may be a limiting factor for using eye movement metrics for concussion diagnostics. Facilitating the awareness of objective methods, like eye tracking technology, may help assure the appropriate continuum of identification and treatment for concussed athletes. Increasing educational opportunities and practical experience of clinicians regarding concussive symptoms and potential innovative technology is strongly advocated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Snegireva
- Movement Laboratory, Department of Sport Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Wayne Derman
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.,International Olympic Committee (IOC) Research Centre, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jon Patricios
- Wits Institute for Sport and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Karen E Welman
- Movement Laboratory, Department of Sport Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Yeo PC, Yeo EQY, Probert J, Sim SHS, Sirisena D. A Systematic Review and Qualitative Analysis of Concussion Knowledge amongst Sports Coaches and Match Officials. J Sports Sci Med 2020; 19:65-77. [PMID: 32132829 PMCID: PMC7039019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sport-related concussion (SRC) is a public health issue of increasing concern. Sports coaches and match officials are important stakeholders in facilitating early recognition, immediate management and appropriate return-to-play following SRC. This systematic review analyses the current evidence on SRC knowledge amongst sports coaches and match officials. The review was conducted in accordance to PRISMA guideline. A qualitative analysis of knowledge on identification, management, prevention and consequences of SRC as well as return-to-play principles was performed. The Appraisal Tool for Cross-sectional Studies was employed to assess the quality and reliability of each study. Searches were conducted on PubMed, Medline Ovid, Web of Science, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus and Psycinfo. Studies included were primary studies in English published in peer-reviewed journals assessing the level of concussion knowledge or education level amongst coaches, officials or both, regardless of sports or competitive level. A total of 20880 studies were identified, from which 27 were included in this review. There were 26 cross-sectional studies and one randomized controlled trial; 20 assessed SRC knowledge amongst coaches, one considered only officials and six studies assessed both groups. Concussion knowledge amongst coaches and match officials was deemed moderate in most studies, although significant knowledge gaps were identified. There is considerable room for further education on SRC amongst coaches and officials, particularly with the less commonly recognized symptoms of SRC and misconceptions about SRC management and prevention. Beyond knowledge assessment, further investigation should explore the translation of concussion knowledge to on-field management of players with SRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Chong Yeo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Edgar Q Y Yeo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Joanne Probert
- Department of Acute and Emergency Care, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Shauna H S Sim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Dinesh Sirisena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
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Feiss RS, Lutz M, Moody JR, Pangelinan MM. A systematic review of coach and parent knowledge of concussion. JOURNAL OF CONCUSSION 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/2059700219900053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robyn S Feiss
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, USA
| | - Molly Lutz
- Andrews Institute for Orthopaedics & Sports Medicine, Gulf Breeze, USA
| | - Justin R Moody
- School of Health Professions, Samford University, Birmingham, USA
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Haarbauer-Krupa JK, Comstock RD, Lionbarger M, Hirsch S, Kavee A, Lowe B. Healthcare professional involvement and RTP compliance in high school athletes with concussion. Brain Inj 2018; 32:1337-1344. [PMID: 29953252 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2018.1482426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe concussion rates in high school athletes and involvement of healthcare professionals in concussion diagnosis, management and compliance with return to play (RTP) guidelines. METHODS Data were analysed from injury reports in the National High School Sports-Related Injury Surveillance System between 2009/2010 and 2012/2013 to identify student athletes with concussion and determine compliance with RTP guidelines. Compliance with RTP guidelines was examined using logistic regression, adjusting for sport and injury-related variables. RESULTS There were 5611 concussions recorded during 15 712 475 athlete exposures (AEs), a rate of 3.6 concussions per 10 000 AEs. Rates were higher during competition and among girls compared to boys in gender equitable sports. Healthcare professionals were less likely to be present at the time of concussion for girls' sports, lower competition levels and practices. Compliance with RTP guidelines was higher for athletes with recurrent concussions, those sustained in collision sports, for athletes reporting more symptoms and when a physician made the RTP decision. CONCLUSIONS Presence of healthcare professionals and compliance with RTP guidelines varied by sport, gender, level of play and exposure type. High school athletes with concussion are best served by assessment teams with athletic trainers and physicians working together to manage concussions and contribute to RTP decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliet K Haarbauer-Krupa
- a National Center for Injury Prevention and Control , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - R Dawn Comstock
- b Colorado School of Public Health , and University of Colorado School of Medicine , Aurora , CO , USA
| | - Michael Lionbarger
- a National Center for Injury Prevention and Control , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - Shawn Hirsch
- c SciMetrika LLC , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - Andrew Kavee
- c SciMetrika LLC , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - Brooks Lowe
- c SciMetrika LLC , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
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Coxe K, Hamilton K, Harvey HH, Xiang J, Ramirez MR, Yang J. Consistency and Variation in School-Level Youth Sports Traumatic Brain Injury Policy Content. J Adolesc Health 2018; 62:255-264. [PMID: 28970062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to examine the consistency and variation in content of high school written traumatic brain injury (TBI) policies in relation to the three key tenets of youth sports TBI laws. METHODS A content analysis was conducted on written TBI policies retrieved from 71 high schools currently participating in High School Reporting Information Online. Each policy was independently analyzed by two trained coders. The number and percent of the policies reflecting the three key tenets of state youth sports TBI laws were described and compared on policy enforcement (i.e., strictness of language), policy description (i.e., details and definitions of the requirements), and policy implementation steps (i.e., specific steps for implementing the requirements). Direct quotes were identified to support quantitative findings. RESULTS All 71 high school TBI policies contained at least two of the three main TBI law tenets, where 98.6% (n = 70) included the return to play tenet, 83.1% (n = 59) included the removal from play tenet, and 59.2% (n = 42) specified the distribution of TBI information sheets to student-athletes and their parents. Nearly half of the policies (49.3%, n = 35) required parents' signature while only 39.4% (n = 28) required students' signature on the TBI information sheet. The language exhibited wide variance across the 71 TBI policies regarding policy enforcement, policy description, and policy implementation specifications. CONCLUSIONS All 71 TBI policies covered at least two of the three youth sports TBI law tenets, but with considerable variation. Future research should assess variations by schools within the same state and their impact on TBI rates in school athletics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Coxe
- Center for Injury Research and Policy, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Quality, Planning, and Research, The Ohio Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | - Hosea H Harvey
- Beasley School of Law, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joe Xiang
- Center for Injury Research and Policy, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; Center for Intervention Research in Schools, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
| | - Marizen R Ramirez
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jingzhen Yang
- Center for Injury Research and Policy, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
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Yang J, Comstock RD, Yi H, Harvey HH, Xun P. New and Recurrent Concussions in High-School Athletes Before and After Traumatic Brain Injury Laws, 2005-2016. Am J Public Health 2017; 107:1916-1922. [PMID: 29048967 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2017.304056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the trends of new and recurrent sports-related concussions in high-school athletes before and after youth sports traumatic brain injury laws. METHODS We used an interrupted time-series design and analyzed the concussion data (2005-2016) from High School Reporting Injury Online. We examined the trends of new or recurrent concussion rates among US representative high-school athletes participating in 9 sports across prelaw, immediate-postlaw, and postlaw periods by using general linear models. We defined 1 athlete exposure as attending 1 competition or practice. RESULTS We included a total of 8043 reported concussions (88.7% new, 11.3% recurrent). The average annual concussion rate was 39.8 per 100 000 athlete exposures. We observed significantly increased trends of reported new and recurrent concussions from the prelaw, through immediate-postlaw, into the postlaw period. However, the recurrent concussion rate showed a significant decline 2.6 years after the laws went into effect. Football exhibited different trends compared with other boys' sports and girls' sports. CONCLUSIONS Observed trends of increased concussion rates are likely attributable to increased identification and reporting. Additional research is needed to evaluate intended long-term impact of traumatic brain injury laws.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhen Yang
- Jingzhen Yang is with the Center for Injury Research and Policy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus. R. Dawn Comstock is with the Department of Epidemiology, The Colorado School of Public Health, and the Department of Pediatrics, Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora. Honggang Yi is with the Center for Injury Research and Policy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, and the Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. Hosea H. Harvey is with the Beasley School of Law, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA. Pengcheng Xun is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington
| | - R Dawn Comstock
- Jingzhen Yang is with the Center for Injury Research and Policy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus. R. Dawn Comstock is with the Department of Epidemiology, The Colorado School of Public Health, and the Department of Pediatrics, Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora. Honggang Yi is with the Center for Injury Research and Policy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, and the Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. Hosea H. Harvey is with the Beasley School of Law, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA. Pengcheng Xun is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington
| | - Honggang Yi
- Jingzhen Yang is with the Center for Injury Research and Policy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus. R. Dawn Comstock is with the Department of Epidemiology, The Colorado School of Public Health, and the Department of Pediatrics, Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora. Honggang Yi is with the Center for Injury Research and Policy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, and the Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. Hosea H. Harvey is with the Beasley School of Law, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA. Pengcheng Xun is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington
| | - Hosea H Harvey
- Jingzhen Yang is with the Center for Injury Research and Policy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus. R. Dawn Comstock is with the Department of Epidemiology, The Colorado School of Public Health, and the Department of Pediatrics, Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora. Honggang Yi is with the Center for Injury Research and Policy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, and the Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. Hosea H. Harvey is with the Beasley School of Law, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA. Pengcheng Xun is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington
| | - Pengcheng Xun
- Jingzhen Yang is with the Center for Injury Research and Policy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus. R. Dawn Comstock is with the Department of Epidemiology, The Colorado School of Public Health, and the Department of Pediatrics, Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora. Honggang Yi is with the Center for Injury Research and Policy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, and the Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. Hosea H. Harvey is with the Beasley School of Law, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA. Pengcheng Xun is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington
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Sarmiento K, Donnell Z, Hoffman R. A Scoping Review to Address the Culture of Concussion in Youth and High School Sports. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2017; 87:790-804. [PMID: 28876477 PMCID: PMC6211168 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2013, the National Academy of Sciences emphasized the need to develop, implement, and evaluate effective large-scale educational strategies to improve the culture of concussion in youth and high school sports. In support of this recommendation, in this article we summarize research on factors that contribute to the culture of concussion. METHODS We conducted the literature search using 7 electronic databases. We used a scoping review method to identify studies that addressed knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, use of educational resources, and interventions related to concussion among young athletes, coaches, and parents. RESULTS Of the 33 articles identified, most focused on concussion education (N = 15), followed by knowledge (N = 13), behaviors (N = 13), and attitudes (N = 5). Three studies addressed multiple study populations. CONCLUSIONS The rapid spread of concussion education and awareness efforts has outpaced research on effective strategies to improve knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors that contribute to the culture of concussion. Further research is critical to inform the development and implementation of large-scale educational efforts. This research should incorporate rigorous study designs; be inclusive of diverse ages, socioeconomic status, and racial/ethnic groups; and examine opportunities to improve behavioral outcomes around concussion prevention, reporting, and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Sarmiento
- Health Communications Specialist, (), US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Building 106,8th floor, Atlanta, GA30341
| | - Zoe Donnell
- Manager, (), Health Communications Team, ICF, 100 Cambridgepark Drive, Suite 501, Cambridge, MA 02140
| | - Rosanne Hoffman
- Senior Manager, (), Health Communications Team, ICF, 530 Gaither Road, Rockville, MD 20895
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this study was to examine the proportion of US college coaches who receive annual concussion education from their institution and to describe the content and delivery modalities of this education. This study also tested the hypothesis that coaches receiving concussion education from their institution will have greater knowledge about concussions independent of other individual and institutional characteristics. DESIGN Cross-sectional online survey. SETTING US college sport. PARTICIPANTS College coaches in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I, II, and III (n = 1818). INDEPENDENT VARIABLES Self-reported receipt of education from institution, sex, sport coached, division of competition. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Concussion identification and management knowledge. RESULTS Two-thirds of coaches reported receiving informational materials about concussion from their institution. The content of the education most frequently referred to symptoms of a concussion and information about proper management of a concussion. Coaches who received educational materials from their institution were better able to identify symptoms and had more conservative responses to concussion management scenarios. Male coaches of male contact or collision teams less frequently endorsed safe or correct response as compared with female coaches of noncontact or collision teams. CONCLUSIONS Not all US college coaches receive concussion education from their institution. Male Division I coaches of male contact/collision sport are a population for whom targeted educational outreach may be particularly valuable. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Education for coaches, delivered by clinicians at many institutions, is an important component of ensuring that coaches are prepared to be informed partners in supporting concussion safety.
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Experience with Canada's First Policy on Concussion Education and Management in Schools. Can J Neurol Sci 2016; 43:554-60. [PMID: 27142787 DOI: 10.1017/cjn.2016.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In response to the rising incidence of concussions among children and adolescents, the province of Ontario recently introduced the Ontario Policy/Program Memorandum on Concussions (PPM No. 158) requiring school boards to develop a concussion protocol. As this is the first policy of its kind in Canada, the impact of the PPM is not yet known. METHODS An electronic survey was sent to all high school principals in the Toronto District School Board 1 year after announcement of the PPM. Questions covered extent of student, parent, and staff concussion education along with concussion management protocols. RESULTS Of 109 high school principals contacted, 39 responded (36%). Almost all schools provided concussion education to students (92%), with most education delivered through physical education classes. Nearly all schools had return to play (92%) and return to learn (77%) protocols. Although 85% of schools educated staff on concussions, training was aimed at individuals involved in sports/physical education. Only 43.6% of schools delivered concussion education to parents, and many principals requested additional resources in this area. CONCLUSIONS One year after announcement of the PPM, high schools in the Toronto District School Board implemented significant student concussion education programs and management protocols. Staff training and parent education required further development. A series of recommendations are provided to aid in future concussion policy development.
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Mrazik M, Dennison CR, Brooks BL, Yeates KO, Babul S, Naidu D. A qualitative review of sports concussion education: prime time for evidence-based knowledge translation. Br J Sports Med 2015; 49:1548-53. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2015-094848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Haring RS, Canner JK, Asemota AO, George BP, Selvarajah S, Haider AH, Schneider EB. Trends in incidence and severity of sports-related traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the emergency department, 2006-2011. Brain Inj 2015; 29:989-92. [PMID: 25962926 DOI: 10.3109/02699052.2015.1033014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize and identify trends in sports-related traumatic brain injury (TBI) emergency department (ED) visits from 2006-2011. METHODS This study reviewed data on sports-related TBI among individuals under age 65 from the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample from 2006-2011. Visits were stratified by age, sex, injury severity, payer status and other criteria. Variations in incidence and severity were examined both between groups and over time. Odds of inpatient admission were calculated using regression modelling. RESULTS Over the period examined, 489 572 sports-related TBI ED visits were reported. The majority (62.2%) of these visits occurred among males under the age of 18. The average head Abbreviated Injury Severity score among these individuals was 1.93 (95% CI = 1.93-1.94) and tended to be lowest among those in middle school and high school age groups; these were also less likely to be admitted. The absolute annual number of visits grew 65.9% from 2006 until 2011, with the majority of this growth occurring among children under age 15. Hospitalization rates dropped 35.6% over the same period. CONCLUSION Changes in year-over-year presentation rates vs. hospitalization rates among young athletes suggest that players, coaches and parents may be more aware of sports-related TBI and have developed lower thresholds for seeking medical attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sterling Haring
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore, MD , USA
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14
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Matic GT, Sommerfeldt MF, Best TM, Collins CL, Comstock RD, Flanigan DC. Ice hockey injuries among United States high school athletes from 2008/2009-2012/2013. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2015; 43:119-25. [PMID: 25913938 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2015.1035210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The popularity of ice hockey has grown in recent years and injuries are a concern given the physical nature of the sport. We sought to report the rates, mechanisms, and severity of boys' US high school ice hockey injuries. We hypothesized that body checking would be a major source of injury and that concussions would be common. We also expected to find that competition would have a higher rate of injury than practice. DESIGN Descriptive epidemiology study. METHODS Boys' US high school ice hockey injury data from 2008/2009 through 2012/2013 academic years were obtained from the National High School Sports-Related Injury Surveillance System, High School Reporting Information Online database. The primary outcome was rate of injury per 10,000 athlete exposures (AEs). RESULTS Overall, 724 boys ice hockey injuries occurred during 311,817 AEs for an injury rate of 23.2 per 10,000 AEs. Injury rates were significantly higher during competition compared to practice (rate ratio = 7.8, 95% confidence interval: 6.5-9.4). Concussion was the most frequent injury reported at a rate of 6.4 per 10,000 AEs. Body checking was the mechanism of injury in over 46% of injuries. The head/face/neck region (33.8%) and upper arm/shoulder region (20.6%) were the most commonly injured body sites. Just over 6% of injuries resulted in surgical intervention. CONCLUSION Injuries among high school ice hockey athletes are common. Increases in the number of high school ice hockey injuries will likely parallel the increase in high school ice hockey participation in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- George T Matic
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH , USA
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15
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Heyer GL, Weber KD, Rose SC, Perkins SQ, Schmittauer CE. High school principals' resources, knowledge, and practices regarding the returning student with concussion. J Pediatr 2015; 166:594-9.e7. [PMID: 25444011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine high school principals' self-reported resources, knowledge, and practices regarding the management of students returning to school following concussion. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional survey of public high school principals in the state of Ohio assessed respondent and school demographics, respondent concussion training, school resources, and monitoring and accommodation practices for students with concussion. RESULTS Of the 695 eligible high school principals, 465 (66.9%) completed the survey. Over one-third of principals (37.2%) had some form of concussion training in the past year. Those with training were more likely to promote training of other school faculty (57.4% vs 30.6%, P < .001). Principals were asked to identify school personnel who are designated as case managers for students with concussion. Schools without a designated case manager were less likely to have an athletic trainer (P < .001) and had fewer students (median 424.5 vs 599) than schools with a case manager. Principals could list at least 1 faculty designee who communicates with health professionals more often for student-athletes than for nonathletes (P < .001). Most principals were willing to provide students with short-term academic accommodations, but 30.1% required a health professional's note prior to making any academic changes. Only 32% of principals reported providing families with a written academic plan following concussion. CONCLUSIONS Schools differ in their resources and management strategies for students returning to school after concussion. Understanding these differences can help health professionals to overcome potential barriers in managing their school-aged patients with concussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey L Heyer
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.
| | - Kevin D Weber
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Sean C Rose
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Sara Q Perkins
- Center for Human Psychophysiology, Miami University, Oxford, OH
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16
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Sharma B, Cusimano MD. Can legislation aimed at preventing sports-related concussions in youth succeed? Inj Prev 2013; 20:138-41. [PMID: 24030725 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2013-040855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bhanu Sharma
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Injury Prevention Research Office, Keenan Research Center, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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