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Abdelwahab EMM, Bovari-Biri J, Smuk G, Fillinger J, McPhail D, Krymskaya VP, Pongracz JE. Activated p53 in the anti-apoptotic milieu of tuberous sclerosis gene mutation induced diseases leads to cell death if thioredoxin reductase is inhibited. Apoptosis 2021; 26:253-260. [PMID: 33860865 PMCID: PMC8197715 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-021-01670-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis, angiomyolipoma and lymphangioleiomyomatosis are a group of diseases characterized by mutation in tuberous sclerosis genes (TSC 1-2). TSC mutation leads to continuous activation of the mTOR pathway that requires adaptation to increased ATP requirement. With limited treatment options, there is an increasing demand to identify novel therapeutic targets and to understand the correlations between mTOR pathway activation and the lack of cell death in the presence of TSC mutation. In the current study, we demonstrate deregulation of p53 controlled and mitochondria associated cell death processes. The study also reveals that treatment of TSC mutant cells with the drug candidate Proxison combined with reduced concentration of rapamycin can increase production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), can modify miRNA expression pattern associated with p53 regulation and can reduce cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- ElHusseiny M M Abdelwahab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 20 Ifjusag Str., Pecs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Judit Bovari-Biri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 20 Ifjusag Str., Pecs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Gabor Smuk
- Department of Pathology, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Janos Fillinger
- Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Vera P Krymskaya
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Judit E Pongracz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 20 Ifjusag Str., Pecs, 7624, Hungary.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pecs, 2 Rokus Str, Pecs, 7624, Hungary.
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2
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Cho JH, Patel B, Bonala S, Mansouri H, Manne S, Vadrevu SK, Ghouse S, Kung CP, Murphy ME, Astrinidis A, Henske EP, Kwiatkowski DJ, Markiewski MM, Karbowniczek M. The Codon 72 TP53 Polymorphism Contributes to TSC Tumorigenesis through the Notch-Nodal Axis. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:1639-1651. [PMID: 31088907 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-1292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We discovered that 90.3% of patients with angiomyolipomas, lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), and tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) carry the arginine variant of codon 72 (R72) of TP53 and that R72 increases the risk for angiomyolipoma. R72 transactivates NOTCH1 and NODAL better than the proline variant of codon 72 (P72); therefore, the expression of NOTCH1 and NODAL is increased in angiomyolipoma cells that carry R72. The loss of Tp53 and Tsc1 within nestin-expressing cells in mice resulted in the development of renal cell carcinomas (RCC) with high Notch1 and Nodal expression, suggesting that similar downstream mechanisms contribute to tumorigenesis as a result of p53 loss in mice and p53 polymorphism in humans. The loss of murine Tp53 or expression of human R72 contributes to tumorigenesis via enhancing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and motility of tumor cells through the Notch and Nodal pathways. IMPLICATIONS: This work revealed unexpected contributions of the p53 polymorphism to the pathogenesis of TSC and established signaling alterations caused by this polymorphism as a target for therapy. We found that the codon 72 TP53 polymorphism contributes to TSC-associated tumorigenesis via Notch and Nodal signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hung Cho
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Abilene, Texas
| | - Bhaumik Patel
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Abilene, Texas
| | - Santosh Bonala
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Abilene, Texas.,Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Hossein Mansouri
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Texas Tech University, Broadway and Boston, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Sasikanth Manne
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Abilene, Texas.,Institute for Immunology, Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Surya Kumari Vadrevu
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Abilene, Texas.,HIV-1 Immunopathogenesis Laboratory, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Shanawaz Ghouse
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Abilene, Texas
| | - Che-Pei Kung
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,ICCE Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Molecular Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Maureen E Murphy
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Aristotelis Astrinidis
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, and Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Center of Excellence, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Elizabeth P Henske
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David J Kwiatkowski
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maciej M Markiewski
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Abilene, Texas.
| | - Magdalena Karbowniczek
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Abilene, Texas.
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3
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Schade GR, Wang YN, D'Andrea S, Hwang JH, Liles WC, Khokhlova TD. Boiling Histotripsy Ablation of Renal Cell Carcinoma in the Eker Rat Promotes a Systemic Inflammatory Response. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2019; 45:137-147. [PMID: 30340920 PMCID: PMC6546431 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Boiling histotripsy (BH) is an experimental focused ultrasound technique that produces non-thermal mechanical ablation. We evaluated the feasibility, short-term histologic effects and the resulting acute inflammatory response to BH ablation of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in the Eker rat. Genotyped Eker rats were monitored for de novo RCCs with serial ultrasound (US) imaging. When tumors were ≥8 mm, rats underwent ultrasound-guided extracorporeal ablation of the tumor with BH, a pulsed focused US technique that produces non-thermal mechanical ablation of targeted tissues, or a sham US procedure. Treatments targeted approximately 50% of the largest RCC with a margin of normal kidney. BH treated rats were euthanized at 1 (n = 4) or 48 (n = 4) h, and sham patients (n = 4) at 48 h. Circulating plasma cytokine levels were assessed with multiplex assays before and at 0.25, 1, 4, 24 and 48 h following treatment. Kidneys were collected and processed for histologic assessment, immunohistochemistry and intrarenal cytokine concentration measurements. For statistical analysis Student's t-test was used. US-guided BH treatment was successful in all animals, producing hypoechoic regions within the targeted volume consistent with BH treatment effect. Grossly, regions of homogenized tissue were apparent with evidence of focal intra-parenchymal hemorrhage. Histologically, BH produced a sharply demarcated region of homogenized tumor and non-tumor tissue containing acellular debris. BH treatment was associated with significantly increased relative concentration of plasma TNF versus sham treatment (p < 0.05) and transient elevations in high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), IL-10 and IL-6 consistent with acute inflammatory response to trauma. Intrarenal cytokine concentrations followed the same trend. At 48 h, enhanced infiltration of CD8+ T cells was observed by immunohistochemistry in both the treated and un-treated contralateral RCC/kidneys in BH-treated animals versus sham treatment. BH treatment was well tolerated with transient gross hematuria and a perinephric hematoma developing in one subject each. The study demonstrates the feasibility of BH ablation of de novo RCC and suggests activation of the acute inflammatory cascade following treatment that appears to stimulate CD8+ T cell infiltration of both treated and untreated tumors. Longer duration chronic studies are ongoing to characterize the longevity and robustness of this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- George R Schade
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Yak-Nam Wang
- Center for Industrial and Medical Ultrasound, Applied Physics Lab, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Samantha D'Andrea
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Joo Ha Hwang
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - W Conrad Liles
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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4
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Shi X, Xiao L, Mao X, He J, Ding Y, Huang J, Peng C, Xu Z. miR-205-5p Mediated Downregulation of PTEN Contributes to Cisplatin Resistance in C13K Human Ovarian Cancer Cells. Front Genet 2018; 9:555. [PMID: 30510566 PMCID: PMC6253938 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin resistance is a major cause of treatment failure in advanced ovarian cancer. The limited evidence shows the paradoxical regulation of miR-205 on chemotherapy resistance in cancer. Herein, we found that miR-205-5p was enormously increased in cisplatin-resistant C13K ovarian cancer cells compared with its cisplatin-sensitive OV2008 parental cells using miRNA microarrays, which was further verified by quantitative PCR. Furthermore, we confirmed that inhibition of miR-205-5p upregulated PTEN and subsequently attenuated its downstream target p-AKT, which inversed C13K cells from cisplatin resistance to sensitivity. Our data suggest that miR-205-5p contributes to cisplatin resistance in C13K ovarian cancer cells may via targeting PTEN/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Shi
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Central Laboratory, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lan Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, An Hui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaolu Mao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinrong He
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Central Laboratory, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Central Laboratory, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Central Laboratory, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Caixia Peng
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Central Laboratory, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zihui Xu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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5
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Tsoli M, Wadham C, Pinese M, Failes T, Joshi S, Mould E, Yin JX, Gayevskiy V, Kumar A, Kaplan W, Ekert PG, Saletta F, Franshaw L, Liu J, Gifford A, Weber MA, Rodriguez M, Cohn RJ, Arndt G, Tyrrell V, Haber M, Trahair T, Marshall GM, McDonald K, Cowley MJ, Ziegler DS. Integration of genomics, high throughput drug screening, and personalized xenograft models as a novel precision medicine paradigm for high risk pediatric cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2018; 19:1078-1087. [PMID: 30299205 PMCID: PMC6301829 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2018.1491498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric high grade gliomas (HGG) are primary brain malignancies that result in significant morbidity and mortality. One of the challenges in their treatment is inter- and intra-tumoral heterogeneity. Precision medicine approaches have the potential to enhance diagnostic, prognostic and/or therapeutic information. In this case study we describe the molecular characterization of a pediatric HGG and the use of an integrated approach based on genomic, in vitro and in vivo testing to identify actionable targets and treatment options. Molecular analysis based on WGS performed on initial and recurrent tumor biopsies revealed mutations in TP53, TSC1 and CIC genes, focal amplification of MYCN, and copy number gains in SMO and c-MET. Transcriptomic analysis identified increased expression of MYCN, and genes involved in sonic hedgehog signaling proteins (SHH, SMO, GLI1, GLI2) and receptor tyrosine kinase pathways (PLK, AURKA, c-MET). HTS revealed no cytotoxic efficacy of SHH pathway inhibitors while sensitivity was observed to the mTOR inhibitor temsirolimus, the ALK inhibitor ceritinib, and the PLK1 inhibitor BI2536. Based on the integrated approach, temsirolimus, ceritinib, BI2536 and standard therapy temozolomide were selected for further in vivo evaluation. Using the PDX animal model (median survival 28 days) we showed significant in vivo activity for mTOR inhibition by temsirolimus and BI2536 (median survival 109 and 115.5 days respectively) while ceritinib and temozolomide had only a moderate effect (43 and 75.5 days median survival respectively). This case study demonstrates that an integrated approach based on genomic, in vitro and in vivo drug efficacy testing in a PDX model may be useful to guide the management of high risk pediatric brain tumor in a clinically meaningful timeframe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tsoli
- a Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre , University of New South Wales , Randwick , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Carol Wadham
- a Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre , University of New South Wales , Randwick , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Mark Pinese
- b Prince of Wales Clinical School , University of New South Wales , Randwick , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Tim Failes
- c ACRF Drug Discovery Centre for Childhood Cancer, Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre , University of New South Wales , Randwick , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Swapna Joshi
- a Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre , University of New South Wales , Randwick , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Emily Mould
- a Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre , University of New South Wales , Randwick , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Julia X Yin
- d Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics , Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales , Randwick, New South Wales , Australia.,e Cure Brain Cancer Neuro-Oncology Group , Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales , Randwick, New South Wales , Australia
| | - Velimir Gayevskiy
- f Bioinformatics and Cancer Genomics, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology , The University of Melbourne, Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
| | - Amit Kumar
- f Bioinformatics and Cancer Genomics, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology , The University of Melbourne, Melbourne , Victoria , Australia.,g Bioinformatics Division, The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research , Parkville, Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
| | - Warren Kaplan
- d Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics , Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales , Randwick, New South Wales , Australia
| | - Paul G Ekert
- a Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre , University of New South Wales , Randwick , New South Wales , Australia.,h Cell Biology, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital , Parkville, Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
| | - Federica Saletta
- i Children's Cancer Research Unit, The Children's Hospital at Westmead , Westmead , NSW , Australia
| | - Laura Franshaw
- a Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre , University of New South Wales , Randwick , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Jie Liu
- a Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre , University of New South Wales , Randwick , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Andrew Gifford
- a Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre , University of New South Wales , Randwick , New South Wales , Australia.,j Anatomical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital , Randwick , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Martin A Weber
- j Anatomical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital , Randwick , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Michael Rodriguez
- j Anatomical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital , Randwick , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Richard J Cohn
- k Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital , Randwick , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Greg Arndt
- c ACRF Drug Discovery Centre for Childhood Cancer, Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre , University of New South Wales , Randwick , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Vanessa Tyrrell
- a Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre , University of New South Wales , Randwick , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Michelle Haber
- a Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre , University of New South Wales , Randwick , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Toby Trahair
- a Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre , University of New South Wales , Randwick , New South Wales , Australia.,k Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital , Randwick , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Glenn M Marshall
- a Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre , University of New South Wales , Randwick , New South Wales , Australia.,k Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital , Randwick , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Kerrie McDonald
- b Prince of Wales Clinical School , University of New South Wales , Randwick , New South Wales , Australia.,e Cure Brain Cancer Neuro-Oncology Group , Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales , Randwick, New South Wales , Australia
| | - Mark J Cowley
- d Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics , Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales , Randwick, New South Wales , Australia.,l St Vincent's Clinical School , University of New South Wales , Randwick , New South Wales , Australia
| | - David S Ziegler
- a Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre , University of New South Wales , Randwick , New South Wales , Australia.,k Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital , Randwick , New South Wales , Australia
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6
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Li CW, Lai TY, Chen BS. Changes of signal transductivity and robustness of gene regulatory network in the carcinogenesis of leukemic subtypes via microarray sample data. Oncotarget 2018; 9:23636-23660. [PMID: 29805763 PMCID: PMC5955113 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutation accumulation and epigenetic alterations in genes are important for carcinogenesis. Because leukemogenesis-related signal pathways have been investigated and microarray sample data have been produced in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and normal cells, systems analysis in coupling pathways becomes possible. Based on system modeling and identification, we could construct the coupling pathways and their associated gene regulatory networks using microarray sample data. By applying system theory to the estimated system model in coupling pathways, we can then obtain transductivity sensitivity, basal sensitivity and error sensitivity of each protein to identify the potential impact of genetic mutations, epigenetic alterations and the coupling of other pathways from the perspective of energy, respectively. By comparing the results in AML, MDS and normal cells, we investigated the potential critical genetic mutations and epigenetic alterations that activate or repress specific cellular functions to promote MDS or AML leukemogenesis. We suggested that epigenetic modification of β-catenin and signal integration of CSLs, AP-2α, STATs, c-Jun and β-catenin could contribute to cell proliferation at AML and MDS. Epigenetic regulation of ERK and genetic mutation of p53 could lead to the repressed apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and DNA repair in leukemic cells. Genetic mutation of JAK, epigenetic regulation of ERK, and signal integration of C/EBPα could result in the promotion of MDS cell differentiation. According to the results, we proposed three drugs, decitabine, genistein, and monorden for preventing AML leukemogenesis, while three drugs, decitabine, thalidomide, and geldanamycin, for preventing MDS leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Li
- Laboratory of Control and Systems Biology, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ying Lai
- Laboratory of Control and Systems Biology, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Sen Chen
- Laboratory of Control and Systems Biology, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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7
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Zhuo Z, Yu H. miR-205 inhibits cell growth by targeting AKT-mTOR signaling in progesterone-resistant endometrial cancer Ishikawa cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:28042-28051. [PMID: 28427207 PMCID: PMC5438629 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE miR-205 is significantly up-regulated in endometrioid adenocarcinoma. In this study, the significant anticancer effect of a miR-205 inhibitor was investigated in both endometrial carcinoma and progesterone-resistant endometrial carcinoma cells. RESULTS Compared with Ishikawa endometrial cancer cells, miR-205 was expressed at higher levels in a progesterone-resistant (PR) sub-cell line. Inhibition of miR-205 suppressed the growth of cancer cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Moreover, the miR-205 inhibitor induced a marked increase in the percentage of Ishikawa-PR cells in G2/M phases and a decrease in the percentage of cells in G0/G1 and S phases. In addition, miR-205 inhibitor-treated tumor cells exhibited increased apoptosis. Moreover, miR-205 was found to negatively regulate PTEN expression and lead to autophagy and activation of the AKT/mTOR pathway in PR cells, and PTEN protein levels significantly decreased with development of progesterone resistance in endometrial cancer cells. Western blot assay showed up-regulated autophagy, as indicated by expression of LC3-II/LC3-I and beclin1, in Ishikawa cells; in particular, autophagy was markedly induced in PR cells treated with the miR-205 inhibitor. MATERIALS AND METHODS We measured and analyzed cell growth curves with and without miR-205 inhibition with the MTT assay, miR-205 expression by qRT-PCR, cell cycle and apoptosis using annexin V/propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry, and autophagy, apoptosis, and AKT-mTOR signaling by western blotting. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of miR-205, which targets the AKT-mTOR pathway, in endometrial cancer cells provides a potential, new treatment for PR endometrial carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Zhuo
- Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, 315010 Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Huimin Yu
- Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, 315010 Ningbo, People's Republic of China
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8
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Armstrong LC, Westlake G, Snow JP, Cawthon B, Armour E, Bowman AB, Ess KC. Heterozygous loss of TSC2 alters p53 signaling and human stem cell reprogramming. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:4629-4641. [PMID: 28973543 PMCID: PMC5886307 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a pediatric disorder of dysregulated growth and differentiation caused by loss of function mutations in either the TSC1 or TSC2 genes, which regulate mTOR kinase activity. To study aberrations of early development in TSC, we generated induced pluripotent stem cells using dermal fibroblasts obtained from patients with TSC. During validation, we found that stem cells generated from TSC patients had a very high rate of integration of the reprogramming plasmid containing a shRNA against TP53. We also found that loss of one allele of TSC2 in human fibroblasts is sufficient to increase p53 levels and impair stem cell reprogramming. Increased p53 was also observed in TSC2 heterozygous and homozygous mutant human stem cells, suggesting that the interactions between TSC2 and p53 are consistent across cell types and gene dosage. These results support important contributions of TSC2 heterozygous and homozygous mutant cells to the pathogenesis of TSC and the important role of p53 during reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Armstrong
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, D4105 Medical Center North, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Grant Westlake
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, D4105 Medical Center North, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - John P Snow
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, D4105 Medical Center North, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Bryan Cawthon
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, D4105 Medical Center North, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Eric Armour
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, D4105 Medical Center North, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Aaron B Bowman
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, D4105 Medical Center North, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kevin C Ess
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, D4105 Medical Center North, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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9
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Wang K, Wang X, Lv H, Cui C, Leng J, Xu K, Yu G, Chen J, Cong P. Identification of the miRNA-target gene regulatory network in intracranial aneurysm based on microarray expression data. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:3239-3248. [PMID: 28587396 PMCID: PMC5450516 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracranial aneurysm (IA) remains one of the most devastating neurological conditions. However, the pathophysiology of IA formation and rupture still remains unclear. The purpose of the present study was to identify the crucial microRNA (miRNA/miR) and genes involved in IAs and elucidate the mechanisms underlying the development of IAs. In the present study, novel miRNA regulation activities in IAs were investigated through the integration of public gene expression data of miRNA and mRNA using the Gene Expression Omnibus database, combined with bioinformatics prediction. A total of 15 differentially expressed miRNA and 1,447 differentially expressed mRNA between IAs and controls were identified. A number of miRNA-target gene pairs (770), whose expression levels were inversely correlated, were used to construct a regulatory network of miRNA-target genes in IAs. The biological functions and pathways of these target genes were revealed to be associated with IAs. Specific miRNA and genes, such as hsa-let-7f, hsa-let-7d, hsa-miR-7, RPS6KA3, TSC1 and IGF1 may possess key roles in the development of IAs. The integrated analysis in the present study may provide insights into the understanding of underlying molecular mechanisms of IAs and novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kezhen Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116033, P.R. China
| | - Xinmin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116033, P.R. China
| | - Hongzhu Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116033, P.R. China
| | - Chengzhi Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116033, P.R. China
| | - Jiyong Leng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116033, P.R. China
| | - Kai Xu
- Dalian Medical University Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Guosong Yu
- Dalian Medical University Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Jianwei Chen
- Dalian Medical University Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Peiyu Cong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116033, P.R. China
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10
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Kour S, Rath PC. Long noncoding RNAs in aging and age-related diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2016; 26:1-21. [PMID: 26655093 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aging is the universal, intrinsic, genetically-controlled, evolutionarily-conserved and time-dependent intricate biological process characterised by the cumulative decline in the physiological functions and their coordination in an organism after the attainment of adulthood resulting in the imbalance of neurological, immunological and metabolic functions of the body. Various biological processes and mechanisms along with altered levels of mRNAs and proteins have been reported to be involved in the progression of aging. It is one of the major risk factors in the patho-physiology of various diseases and disorders. Recently, the discovery of pervasive transcription of a vast pool of heterogeneous regulatory noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including small ncRNAs (sncRNAs) and long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), in the mammalian genome have provided an alternative way to study and explore the missing links in the aging process, its mechanism(s) and related diseases in a whole new dimension. The involvement of small noncoding RNAs in aging and age-related diseases have been extensively studied and recently reviewed. However, lncRNAs, whose function is far less explored in relation to aging, have emerged as a class of major regulators of genomic functions. Here, we have described some examples of known as well as novel lncRNAs that have been implicated in the progression of the aging process and age-related diseases. This may further stimulate research on noncoding RNAs and the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhleen Kour
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Pramod C Rath
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
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11
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Di Benedetto D, Musumeci SA, Avola E, Alberti A, Buono S, Scuderi C, Grillo L, Galesi O, Spalletta A, Giudice ML, Luciano D, Vinci M, Bianca S, Romano C, Fichera M. Definition of minimal duplicated region encompassing theXIAPandSTAG2genes in the Xq25 microduplication syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2014; 164A:1923-30. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Di Benedetto
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics; I.R.C.C.S. Associazione Oasi Maria Santissima; Troina Italy
| | | | - Emanuela Avola
- Unit of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics; I.R.C.C.S. Associazione Oasi Maria Santissima; Troina Italy
| | - Antonino Alberti
- Unit of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics; I.R.C.C.S. Associazione Oasi Maria Santissima; Troina Italy
| | - Serafino Buono
- Unit of Psychology; I.R.C.C.S. Associazione Oasi Maria Santissima; Troina Italy
| | - Carmela Scuderi
- Unit of Neuromuscular Disease; I.R.C.C.S. Associazione Oasi Maria Santissima; Troina Italy
| | - Lucia Grillo
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics; I.R.C.C.S. Associazione Oasi Maria Santissima; Troina Italy
| | - Ornella Galesi
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics; I.R.C.C.S. Associazione Oasi Maria Santissima; Troina Italy
| | - Angela Spalletta
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics; I.R.C.C.S. Associazione Oasi Maria Santissima; Troina Italy
| | - Mariangela Lo Giudice
- Unit of Neuromuscular Disease; I.R.C.C.S. Associazione Oasi Maria Santissima; Troina Italy
| | - Daniela Luciano
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics; I.R.C.C.S. Associazione Oasi Maria Santissima; Troina Italy
| | - Mirella Vinci
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics; I.R.C.C.S. Associazione Oasi Maria Santissima; Troina Italy
| | | | - Corrado Romano
- Unit of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics; I.R.C.C.S. Associazione Oasi Maria Santissima; Troina Italy
| | - Marco Fichera
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics; I.R.C.C.S. Associazione Oasi Maria Santissima; Troina Italy
- Medical Genetics; University of Catania; Catania Italy
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12
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Abstract
A balance must be struck between cell growth and stress responses to ensure that cells proliferate without accumulating damaged DNA. This balance means that optimal cell proliferation requires the integration of pro-growth and stress-response pathways. mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) is a pleiotropic kinase found in complex 1 (mTORC1).The mTORC1 pathway governs a response to mitogenic signals with high energy levels to promote protein synthesis and cell growth. In contrast, the p53DNA damage response pathway is the arbiter of cell proliferation, restraining mTORC1 under conditions of genotoxic stress. Recent studies suggest a complicated integration of these pathways to ensure successful cell growth and proliferation without compromising genome maintenance. Deciphering this integration could be key to understanding the potential clinical usefulness of mTORC1 inhibitors like rapamycin. Here we discuss how these p53-mTORC1 interactions might play a role in the suppression of cancer and perhaps the development of cellular senescence and organismal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Hasty
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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13
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent developments in the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) will be discussed, with emphasis on data published over the past year. The genetics and molecular biology of the various histologic subtypes of kidney cancer will be reviewed, as these subtle yet important genomic and metabolic alterations provide the opportunity for rational drug development and personalized treatment regimens. RECENT FINDINGS Additional targeted agents continue to be added to the uro-oncologist's armamentarium in the fight against metastatic kidney cancer. Targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor, or the mammalian target of rapamycin complex, remains the foundation of systemic treatment. In clear cell RCC, increased emphasis is being placed on target selectivity and affinity in a bid to diminish off-target toxicity without compromising efficacy. Combination strategies targeting multiple pathways simultaneously continue to be explored. Histology-specific protocols testing later generation and novel agents in nonclear cell RCC should be made a priority, as there is still not a single drug approved specifically for a nonclear cell indication. SUMMARY The number of approved treatments for advanced RCC continues to grow, but additional work is needed to further delineate the optimal drug, combination of agents, or sequence best suited to each subtype of RCC.
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14
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Li X, Li Q, Miao Y, Xu H, Liu Y, Qiu X, Wang EH. A case of renal angiomyolipoma with intracardiac extension and asymptomatic pulmonary embolism. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2013; 6:1180-1186. [PMID: 23696940 PMCID: PMC3657375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Angiomyolipoma (AML) is the most common benign tumor of the kidney, which is composed of a mixture of three tissue components: blood vessels, smooth muscle and adipose cells. Occasionally, AML may extend into the renal vein or the vena cava, but so far at least, intracardiac extension was rarely reported. We herein present one case of renal AML with intracardiac extension and pulmonary embolism simultaneously in a 52-year-old Chinese female patient. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed a well-demarcated heterogeneous mass in the right kidney which extended into the right atrium through the right renal vein and inferior vena cava and resulted in embolization in the right pulmonary artery. The renal mass together with the thrombus was resected. The renal mass and thrombus in vena cava and right atrium shared the similar histological features: mature adipose tissue, smooth muscle and thick-walled vessels. The thrombus in the right pulmonary artery was mainly composed of mature adipose tissue. These histological features and the result of positive immunostaining for HMB-45, Melan-A, and smooth muscle actin supported the diagnosis of AML. The component of epithelioid cells was less than 5% and mitosis was rarely seen. Intracardiac extension is often observed in the malignant tumor and only seldom seen in benign tumors. Our case reminds the rare possibility of intracardiac extension in renal AML, which may potentially result in fatal complications if not appropriately managed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoman Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical UniversityShenyang, 110001, China
| | - Qingchang Li
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical UniversityShenyang, 110001, China
| | - Yuan Miao
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical UniversityShenyang, 110001, China
| | - Hongtao Xu
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical UniversityShenyang, 110001, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical UniversityShenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xueshan Qiu
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical UniversityShenyang, 110001, China
| | - En-Hua Wang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical UniversityShenyang, 110001, China
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15
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Ishikawa D, Takeuchi S, Nakagawa T, Sano T, Nakade J, Nanjo S, Yamada T, Ebi H, Zhao L, Yasumoto K, Nakamura T, Matsumoto K, Kagamu H, Yoshizawa H, Yano S. mTOR inhibitors control the growth of EGFR mutant lung cancer even after acquiring resistance by HGF. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62104. [PMID: 23690929 PMCID: PMC3653905 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), gefitinib and erlotinib, is a critical problem in the treatment of EGFR mutant lung cancer. Several mechanisms, including bypass signaling by hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-triggered Met activation, are implicated as mediators of resistance. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), is a downstream conduit of EGFR and MET signaling, and is thus considered a therapeutically attractive target in the treatment of various types of cancers. The purpose of this study was to examine whether 2 clinically approved mTOR inhibitors, temsirolimus and everolimus, overcome HGF-dependent resistance to EGFR-TKIs in EGFR mutant lung cancer cells. Both temsirolimus and everolimus inhibited the phosphorylation of p70S6K and 4E-BP1, which are downstream targets of the mTOR pathway, and reduced the viability of EGFR mutant lung cancer cells, PC-9, and HCC827, even in the presence of HGF in vitro. In a xenograft model, temsirolimus suppressed the growth of PC-9 cells overexpressing the HGF-gene; this was associated with suppression of the mTOR signaling pathway and tumor angiogenesis. In contrast, erlotinib did not suppress this signaling pathway or tumor growth. Multiple mechanisms, including the inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor production by tumor cells and suppression of endothelial cell viability, contribute to the anti-angiogenic effect of temsirolimus. These findings indicate that mTOR inhibitors may be useful for controlling HGF-triggered EGFR-TKI resistance in EGFR mutant lung cancer, and they provide the rationale for clinical trials of mTOR inhibitors in patients stratified by EGFR mutation and HGF expression status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ishikawa
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Department of Medicine (II), Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata City, Japan
| | - Shinji Takeuchi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takako Sano
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Junya Nakade
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shigeki Nanjo
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tadaaki Yamada
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Ebi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Lu Zhao
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kazuo Yasumoto
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nakamura
- Division of Tumor Dynamics and Regulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kunio Matsumoto
- Division of Tumor Dynamics and Regulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kagamu
- Department of Medicine (II), Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata City, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Yoshizawa
- Department of Medicine (II), Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata City, Japan
| | - Seiji Yano
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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16
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Kim SH, Kowalski ML, Carson RP, Bridges LR, Ess KC. Heterozygous inactivation of tsc2 enhances tumorigenesis in p53 mutant zebrafish. Dis Model Mech 2013; 6:925-33. [PMID: 23580196 PMCID: PMC3701212 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.011494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a multi-organ disorder caused by mutations of the TSC1 or TSC2 genes. A key function of these genes is to inhibit mTORC1 (mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1) kinase signaling. Cells deficient for TSC1 or TSC2 have increased mTORC1 signaling and give rise to benign tumors, although, as a rule, true malignancies are rarely seen. In contrast, other disorders with increased mTOR signaling typically have overt malignancies. A better understanding of genetic mechanisms that govern the transformation of benign cells to malignant ones is crucial to understand cancer pathogenesis. We generated a zebrafish model of TSC and cancer progression by placing a heterozygous mutation of the tsc2 gene in a p53 mutant background. Unlike tsc2 heterozygous mutant zebrafish, which never exhibited cancers, compound tsc2;p53 mutants had malignant tumors in multiple organs. Tumorigenesis was enhanced compared with p53 mutant zebrafish. p53 mutants also had increased mTORC1 signaling that was further enhanced in tsc2;p53 compound mutants. We found increased expression of Hif1-α, Hif2-α and Vegf-c in tsc2;p53 compound mutant zebrafish compared with p53 mutant zebrafish. Expression of these proteins probably underlies the increased angiogenesis seen in compound mutant zebrafish compared with p53 mutants and might further drive cancer progression. Treatment of p53 and compound mutant zebrafish with the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin caused rapid shrinkage of tumor size and decreased caliber of tumor-associated blood vessels. This is the first report using an animal model to show interactions between tsc2, mTORC1 and p53 during tumorigenesis. These results might explain why individuals with TSC rarely have malignant tumors, but also suggest that cancer arising in individuals without TSC might be influenced by the status of TSC1 and/or TSC2 mutations and be potentially treatable with mTORC1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Hyung Kim
- Department of Neurology and Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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17
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Zhang G, Yang P, Guo P, Miele L, Sarkar FH, Wang Z, Zhou Q. Unraveling the mystery of cancer metabolism in the genesis of tumor-initiating cells and development of cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2013; 1836:49-59. [PMID: 23523716 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Robust anaerobic metabolism plays a causative role in the origin of cancer cells; however, the oncogenic metabolic genes, factors, pathways, and networks in genesis of tumor-initiating cells (TICs) have not yet been systematically summarized. In addition, the mechanisms of oncogenic metabolism in the genesis of TICs are enigmatic. In this review, we discussed multiple cancer metabolism-related genes (MRGs) that are overexpressed in TICs and are responsible for inducing pluripotent stem cells. Moreover, we summarized that oncogenic metabolic genes and onco-metabolites induce metabolic reprogramming, which switches normal mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to cancer anaerobic metabolism, triggers epigenetic, genetic, and environmental alterations, drives the generation of TICs, and boosts the development of cancer. Importantly, cancer metabolism is controlled by positive and negative metabolic regulators. Positive oncogenic metabolic regulators, including key oncogenic metabolic genes, onco-metabolites, hypoxia, and an acidic environment, promote oncogenic metabolic reprogramming and anaerobic metabolism. However, dysfunction of negative metabolic regulators, including defects in p53, PTEN, and LKB1-AMPK-mTOR pathways, enhances cancer metabolism. Loss of the metabolic balance results in oncogenic metabolic reprogramming, genesis of TICs, and tumorigenesis. Collectively, this review provides new insight into the role and mechanism of these oncogenic metabolisms in the genesis of TICs and tumorigenesis. Accordingly, targeting key oncogenic genes, onco-metabolites, pathways, networks, and the acidic cancer microenvironment appears to be an attractive strategy for novel anti-tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaochuan Zhang
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
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