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Ma Y, Lin Q, Wang X, Liu Y, Yu X, Ren Z, Zhang Y, Guo L, Wu X, Zhang X, Li P, Duan W, Wei X. Biomechanical properties of articular cartilage in different regions and sites of the knee joint: acquisition of osteochondral allografts. Cell Tissue Bank 2024; 25:633-648. [PMID: 38319426 PMCID: PMC11143059 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-024-10126-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation involves grafting of natural hyaline cartilage and supporting subchondral bone into the cartilage defect area to restore its biomechanical and tissue structure. However, differences in biomechanical properties and donor-host matching may impair the integration of articular cartilage (AC). This study analyzed the biomechanical properties of the AC in different regions of different sites of the knee joint and provided a novel approach to OCA transplantation. Intact stifle joints from skeletally mature pigs were collected from a local abattoir less than 8 h after slaughter. OCAs were collected from different regions of the joints. The patella and the tibial plateau were divided into medial and lateral regions, while the trochlea and femoral condyle were divided into six regions. The OCAs were analyzed and compared for Young's modulus, the compressive modulus, and cartilage thickness. Young's modulus, cartilage thickness, and compressive modulus of OCA were significantly different in different regions of the joints. A negative correlation was observed between Young's modulus and the proportion of the subchondral bone (r = - 0.4241, P < 0.0001). Cartilage thickness was positively correlated with Young's modulus (r = 0.4473, P < 0.0001) and the compressive modulus (r = 0.3678, P < 0.0001). During OCA transplantation, OCAs should be transplanted in the same regions, or at the closest possible regions to maintain consistency of the biomechanical properties and cartilage thickness of the donor and recipient, to ensure smooth integration with the surrounding tissue. A 7 mm depth achieved a higher Young's modulus, and may represent the ideal length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382, Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Qitai Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382, Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Xueding Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382, Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382, Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Xiangyang Yu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Zhiyuan Ren
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382, Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Yuanyu Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382, Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382, Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Xiaogang Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Pengcui Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382, Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Wangping Duan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382, Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
| | - Xiaochun Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382, Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan, 030001, China
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2
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Berni M, Veronesi F, Fini M, Giavaresi G, Marchiori G. Relations between Structure/Composition and Mechanics in Osteoarthritic Regenerated Articular Tissue: A Machine Learning Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13374. [PMID: 37686179 PMCID: PMC10487849 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In the context of a large animal model of early osteoarthritis (OA) treated by orthobiologics, the purpose of this study was to reveal relations between articular tissues structure/composition and cartilage viscoelasticity. Twenty-four sheep, with induced knee OA, were treated by mesenchymal stem cells in various preparations-adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs), stromal vascular fraction (SVF), and amniotic endothelial cells (AECs)-and euthanized at 3 or 6 months to evaluate the (i) biochemistry of synovial fluid; (ii) histology, immunohistochemistry, and histomorphometry of articular cartilage; and (iii) viscoelasticity of articular cartilage. After performing an initial analysis to evaluate the correlation and multicollinearity between the investigated variables, this study used machine learning (ML) models-Variable Selection Using Random Forests (VSURF) and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB)-to classify variables according to their importance and employ them for interpretation and prediction. The experimental setup revealed a potential relation between cartilage elastic modulus and cartilage thickness (CT), synovial fluid interleukin 6 (IL6), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and between cartilage relaxation time and CT and PGE2. SVF treatment was the only limit on the deleterious OA effect on cartilage viscoelastic properties. This work provides indications to future studies aiming to highlight these and other relationships and focusing on advanced regeneration targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Berni
- Medical Technology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Francesca Veronesi
- Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (G.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Milena Fini
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Gianluca Giavaresi
- Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (G.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Gregorio Marchiori
- Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (G.G.); (G.M.)
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3
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Cosma C, Apostu D, Vilau C, Popan A, Oltean-Dan D, Balc N, Tomoaie G, Benea H. Finite Element Analysis of Different Osseocartilaginous Reconstruction Techniques in Animal Model Knees. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2546. [PMID: 37048840 PMCID: PMC10095518 DOI: 10.3390/ma16072546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Lesions of the articular cartilage are frequent in all age populations and lead to functional impairment. Multiple surgical techniques have failed to provide an effective method for cartilage repair. The aim of our research was to evaluate the effect of two different compression forces on three types of cartilage repair using finite element analysis (FEA). Initially, an in vivo study was performed on sheep. The in vivo study was prepared as following: Case 0-control group, without cartilage lesion; Case 1-cartilage lesion treated with macro-porous collagen implants; Case 2-cartilage lesion treated with collagen implants impregnated with bone marrow concentrate (BMC); Case 3-cartilage lesion treated with collagen implants impregnated with adipose-derived stem cells (ASC). Using the computed tomography (CT) data, virtual femur-cartilage-tibia joints were created for each Case. The study showed better results in bone changes when using porous collagen implants impregnated with BMC or ASC stem cells for the treatment of osseocartilaginous defects compared with untreated macro-porous implant. After 7 months postoperative, the presence of un-resorbed collagen influences the von Mises stress distribution, total deformation, and displacement on the Z axis. The BMC treatment was superior to ASC cells in bone tissue morphology, resembling the biomechanics of the control group in all FEA simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosmin Cosma
- Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400641 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.C.)
| | - Dragos Apostu
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400132 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristian Vilau
- Department of Material Resistance, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400641 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandru Popan
- Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400641 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.C.)
| | - Daniel Oltean-Dan
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400132 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Nicolae Balc
- Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400641 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.C.)
| | - Gheorghe Tomoaie
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400132 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 050044 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Horea Benea
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400132 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Berni M, Erani P, Lopomo NF, Baleani M. Optimization of In Situ Indentation Protocol to Map the Mechanical Properties of Articular Cartilage. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:6425. [PMID: 36143736 PMCID: PMC9505484 DOI: 10.3390/ma15186425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering aims at developing complex composite scaffolds for articular cartilage repair. These scaffolds must exhibit a mechanical behavior similar to the whole osteochondral unit. In situ spherical indentation allows us to map the mechanical behavior of articular cartilage, avoiding removal of the underlying bone tissue. Little is known about the impact of grid spacing, indenter diameter, and induced deformation on the cartilage response to indentation. We investigated the impact of grid spacing (range: a to 3a, where a is the radius of the contact area between cartilage and indenter), indenter diameter (range: 1 to 8 mm), and deformation induced by indentation (constant indentation depth versus constant nominal deformation) on cartilage response. The bias induced by indentations performed in adjacent grid points was minimized with a 3a grid spacing. The cartilage response was indenter-dependent for diameters ranging between 1 and 6 mm with a nominal deformation of 15%. No significant differences were found using 6 mm and 8 mm indenters. Six mm and 8 mm indenters were used to map human articular cartilage with a grid spacing equal to 3a. Instantaneous elastic modulus E0 was calculated for constant indentation depth and constant nominal deformation. E0 value distribution did not change significantly by switching the two indenters, while dispersion decreased by 5-6% when a constant nominal deformation was applied. Such an approach was able to discriminate changes in tissue response due to doubling the indentation rate. The proposed procedure seems to reduce data dispersion and properly determine cartilage mechanical properties to be compared with those of complex composite scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Berni
- Laboratorio di Tecnologia Medica, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Erani
- Laboratorio di Tecnologia Medica, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Massimiliano Baleani
- Laboratorio di Tecnologia Medica, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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5
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Andersen C, Griffin JF, Jacobsen S, Østergaard S, Walters M, Mori Y, Lindegaard C. Validation of ultrasonography for measurement of cartilage thickness in the equine carpus. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2022; 63:478-489. [PMID: 35347811 PMCID: PMC9545370 DOI: 10.1111/vru.13085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage thinning is an important hallmark of osteoarthritis (OA), and ultrasonography (US) is a clinically accessible tool potentially suitable for repeated evaluation. The aim of the present prospective methods comparison study was to validate US as a tool for measuring cartilage thickness in the carpus of the horse. Eight Standardbred trotters underwent US examination with 9 and 15 MHz linear transducers. Six anatomical locations in the radiocarpal joint (RCJ) and middle carpal joint (MCJ) were examined. The same joints were assessed by ultrahigh field (9.4 Tesla) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histology. Associations between measurements obtained by the different modalities were assessed by ANOVA, Deming regression, Pearson correlation and Bland–Altman plots. Histologically assessed total cartilage thickness (the noncalcified cartilage (NCC) plus the calcified cartilage zone (CCZ)) overestimated thickness compared to MRI (P < 0.01) and US (P < 0.01). US 15 MHz had substantial agreement with MRI and NCC histology, and repeatability was acceptable (coefficient of variation = 8.6–17.9%) when used for assessment of cartilage thickness in the RCJ. In contrast, 9 MHz US showed poorer agreement with MRI and NCC histology, as it overestimated the thickness of thin cartilage and underestimated the thickness of thicker cartilage in the RCJ and MCJ. Moreover, repeatability was suboptimal (coefficient of variation = 10.4–26.3%). A 15 MHz transducer US is recommended for detecting changes in RCJ cartilage thickness or monitoring development over time, and it has the potential for noninvasive assessment of cartilage health in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Andersen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - John F Griffin
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Stine Jacobsen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Stine Østergaard
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Marie Walters
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Yuki Mori
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Casper Lindegaard
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
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6
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Ruediger T, Horbert V, Reuther A, Kumar Kalla P, Burgkart RH, Walther M, Kinne RW, Mika J. Thickness of the Stifle Joint Articular Cartilage in Different Large Animal Models of Cartilage Repair and Regeneration. Cartilage 2021; 13:438S-452S. [PMID: 33269611 PMCID: PMC8721693 DOI: 10.1177/1947603520976763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Regulatory guidelines for preclinical cartilage repair studies suggest large animal models (e.g., sheep, goat, [mini]-pig, or horse) to obtain results representative for humans. However, information about the 3-dimensional thickness of articular cartilage at different implantation sites in these models is limited. DESIGN To identify the most suitable site for experimental surgery, cartilage thickness at the medial femoral condyle (MFC), lateral femoral condyle (LFC), and trochlea in ovine, caprine, and porcine cadaver stifle joints was systematically measured using hematoxylin-eosin staining of 6 µm paraffin sections and software-based image analysis. RESULTS Regarding all ventral-dorsal regions of the MFC, goat showed the thickest articular cartilage (maximal mean thickness: 1299 µm), followed by sheep (1096 µm) and mini-pig (604 µm), with the highest values in the most ventral and dorsal regions. Also for the LFC, the most ventral regions showed the thickest cartilage in goat (maximal mean thickness: 1118 µm), followed by sheep (678 µm) and mini-pig (607 µm). Except for the mini-pig, however, the cartilage thickness on the LFC was consistently lower than that on the MFC. The 3 species also differed along the transversal measuring points on the MFC and LFC. In contrast, there were no consistent differences for the regional cartilage thickness of the trochlea among goat and sheep (≥780 µm) and mini-pig (≤500 µm). CONCLUSIONS Based on their cartilage thickness, experimental defects on goat and sheep MFC may be viable options for preclinical cartilage repair studies, in addition to well-established horse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Ruediger
- Experimental Rheumatology Unit,
Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkliniken Eisenberg GmbH,
Eisenberg, Germany
| | - Victoria Horbert
- Experimental Rheumatology Unit,
Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkliniken Eisenberg GmbH,
Eisenberg, Germany
| | - Anne Reuther
- Experimental Rheumatology Unit,
Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkliniken Eisenberg GmbH,
Eisenberg, Germany
| | - Pavan Kumar Kalla
- Experimental Rheumatology Unit,
Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkliniken Eisenberg GmbH,
Eisenberg, Germany
| | - Rainer H. Burgkart
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Chair of
Orthopedics and Sport Orthopedics, Technische Universität München, Munich,
Germany
| | - Mario Walther
- Department of Medical Statistics,
Computer Sciences and Documentation, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany,Ernst-Abbe-Hochschule Jena, University
of Applied Sciences, Jena, Germany
| | - Raimund W. Kinne
- Experimental Rheumatology Unit,
Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkliniken Eisenberg GmbH,
Eisenberg, Germany,Raimund W. Kinne, Experimental Rheumatology
Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkliniken
Eisenberg GmbH, Klosterlausnitzer Straße 81, Eisenberg, 07607, Germany.
| | - Joerg Mika
- Experimental Rheumatology Unit,
Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkliniken Eisenberg GmbH,
Eisenberg, Germany
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Seitz AM, Osthaus F, Schwer J, Warnecke D, Faschingbauer M, Sgroi M, Ignatius A, Dürselen L. Osteoarthritis-Related Degeneration Alters the Biomechanical Properties of Human Menisci Before the Articular Cartilage. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:659989. [PMID: 34026741 PMCID: PMC8134692 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.659989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An exact understanding of the interplay between the articulating tissues of the knee joint in relation to the osteoarthritis (OA)-related degeneration process is of considerable interest. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to characterize the biomechanical properties of mildly and severely degenerated human knee joints, including their menisci and tibial and femoral articular cartilage (AC) surfaces. A spatial biomechanical mapping of the articulating knee joint surfaces of 12 mildly and 12 severely degenerated human cadaveric knee joints was assessed using a multiaxial mechanical testing machine. To do so, indentation stress relaxation tests were combined with thickness and water content measurements at the lateral and medial menisci and the AC of the tibial plateau and femoral condyles to calculate the instantaneous modulus (IM), relaxation modulus, relaxation percentage, maximum applied force during the indentation, and the water content. With progressing joint degeneration, we found an increase in the lateral and the medial meniscal instantaneous moduli (p < 0.02), relaxation moduli (p < 0.01), and maximum applied forces (p < 0.01), while for the underlying tibial AC, the IM (p = 0.01) and maximum applied force (p < 0.01) decreased only at the medial compartment. Degeneration had no influence on the relaxation percentage of the soft tissues. While the water content of the menisci did not change with progressing degeneration, the severely degenerated tibial AC contained more water (p < 0.04) compared to the mildly degenerated tibial cartilage. The results of this study indicate that degeneration-related (bio-)mechanical changes seem likely to be first detectable in the menisci before the articular knee joint cartilage is affected. Should these findings be further reinforced by structural and imaging analyses, the treatment and diagnostic paradigms of OA might be modified, focusing on the early detection of meniscal degeneration and its respective treatment, with the final aim to delay osteoarthritis onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas M Seitz
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Center of Trauma Research Ulm, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Felix Osthaus
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Center of Trauma Research Ulm, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jonas Schwer
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Center of Trauma Research Ulm, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Daniela Warnecke
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Center of Trauma Research Ulm, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Faschingbauer
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Universitäts- und Rehabilitationskliniken Ulm (RKU), Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Mirco Sgroi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Universitäts- und Rehabilitationskliniken Ulm (RKU), Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Center of Trauma Research Ulm, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lutz Dürselen
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Center of Trauma Research Ulm, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
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8
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Risch M, Easley JT, McCready EG, Troyer KL, Johnson JW, Gadomski BC, McGilvray KC, Kisiday JD, Nelson BB. Mechanical, biochemical, and morphological topography of ovine knee cartilage. J Orthop Res 2021; 39:780-787. [PMID: 32833239 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The knee is the most common site for translational cartilage research in sheep, though topographic features of articular cartilage across surfaces are unspecified. We aimed to characterize the mechanical, morphological, and biochemical properties of articular cartilage across ovine knee surfaces and document variations between and within surface locations. Regions of interest (ROIs) were delineated across surfaces of 10 healthy ovine knees. Articular cartilage at each ROI was measured for creep indentation, thickness, and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen content. Variables were compared between surface locations (trochlea, and lateral [LFC] and medial [MFC] femoral condyles) and between ROIs within each surface location. Correlations between variables were also assessed. Articular surface location had a significant effect on creep (P < .0001), thickness (P < .0001), and collagen (P = .0007), but not GAG (P = .28). Significant differences in percent creep between ROIs were found within the LFC (P < .0001), MFC (P < .0001), and trochlea (P = .0002). Cartilage thickness was different between ROIs within the LFC, MFC, and trochlea (all P < .0001). The LFC (P = .002) and trochlea (P = .01) each had significant differences in GAG between ROIs. Collagen content between ROIs was different within the LFC (P = .0003), MFC (P = .0005), and trochlea (P < .0001). Collagen content was correlated with thickness (r = -.55), percent creep (r = .47), and GAG (r = -.21). Percent creep was correlated with thickness (r = -.64) and GAG (r = -.19). Topographic variations in mechanical, morphological, and biochemical properties exist across knee cartilage surfaces in sheep. Recognition of this variability is important to optimize study protocols and improve accuracy of results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makayla Risch
- Preclinical Surgical Research Laboratory, C. Wayne McIlwraith Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Jeremiah T Easley
- Preclinical Surgical Research Laboratory, C. Wayne McIlwraith Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Erin G McCready
- Preclinical Surgical Research Laboratory, C. Wayne McIlwraith Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Kevin L Troyer
- Orthopaedic Bioengineering Research Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.,Woodward, Inc., Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - James W Johnson
- Orthopaedic Bioengineering Research Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Benjamin C Gadomski
- Orthopaedic Bioengineering Research Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Kirk C McGilvray
- Orthopaedic Bioengineering Research Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - John D Kisiday
- Orthopaedic Research Center, C. Wayne McIlwraith Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Brad B Nelson
- Preclinical Surgical Research Laboratory, C. Wayne McIlwraith Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.,Orthopaedic Research Center, C. Wayne McIlwraith Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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9
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Arthroscopic near infrared spectroscopy enables simultaneous quantitative evaluation of articular cartilage and subchondral bone in vivo. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13409. [PMID: 30194446 PMCID: PMC6128946 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31670-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Arthroscopic assessment of articular tissues is highly subjective and poorly reproducible. To ensure optimal patient care, quantitative techniques (e.g., near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)) could substantially enhance arthroscopic diagnosis of initial signs of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). Here, we demonstrate, for the first time, the potential of arthroscopic NIRS to simultaneously monitor progressive degeneration of cartilage and subchondral bone in vivo in Shetland ponies undergoing different experimental cartilage repair procedures. Osteochondral tissues adjacent to the repair sites were evaluated using an arthroscopic NIRS probe and significant (p < 0.05) degenerative changes were observed in the tissue properties when compared with tissues from healthy joints. Artificial neural networks (ANN) enabled reliable (ρ = 0.63–0.87, NMRSE = 8.5–17.2%, RPIQ = 1.93–3.03) estimation of articular cartilage biomechanical properties, subchondral bone plate thickness and bone mineral density (BMD), and subchondral trabecular bone thickness, bone volume fraction (BV), BMD, and structure model index (SMI) from in vitro spectral data. The trained ANNs also reliably predicted the properties of an independent in vitro test group (ρ = 0.54–0.91, NMRSE = 5.9–17.6%, RPIQ = 1.68–3.36). However, predictions based on arthroscopic NIR spectra were less reliable (ρ = 0.27–0.74, NMRSE = 14.5–24.0%, RPIQ = 1.35–1.70), possibly due to errors introduced during arthroscopic spectral acquisition. Adaptation of NIRS could address the limitations of conventional arthroscopy through quantitative assessment of lesion severity and extent, thereby enhancing detection of initial signs of PTOA. This would be of high clinical significance, for example, when conducting orthopaedic repair surgeries.
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