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Ayers JD, Guevara Beltrán D, Van Horn A, Cronk L, Hurmuz-Sklias H, Todd PM, Aktipis A. COVID-19 and friendships: Agreeableness and neuroticism are associated with more concern about COVID-19 and friends' risky behaviors. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2023; 213:112297. [PMID: 37324175 PMCID: PMC10258584 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2023.112297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Given the importance of friendships during challenging times and the mixed associations between personality traits and disease-related behaviors, we investigated the correlations between personality traits and perceptions of friendships during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected as part of a longitudinal investigation of the correlations between the pandemic and various cooperative relationships. In this investigation, we found that agreeableness and neuroticism predicted participants being more concerned about COVID-19 and bothered by friends' risky behavior, and extraversion predicted enjoying helping friends during the pandemic. Our results suggest that personality differences are associated with how individuals cope with friends' risky behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica D Ayers
- Department of Psychological Science, Boise State University, United States
| | | | - Andrew Van Horn
- Departments of Physics and Art History, Case Western Reserve University, United States
| | - Lee Cronk
- Department of Anthropology, Rutgers University, United States
| | | | - Peter M Todd
- Cognitive Science Program and Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, United States
| | - Athena Aktipis
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, United States
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, United States
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2
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Peresman A. Divergent responses to local diversity: Outgroup differences and the impact of personality. SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 2023; 111:102852. [PMID: 36898787 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2023.102852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Research has shown that differences in personality can help explain attitudes towards immigration. Personality may also moderate the impact of local immigrant levels. Using attitudinal measures from the British Election Study, this research confirms the importance of all Big Five personality traits in predicting immigration attitudes in the UK and finds consistent evidence of an interaction between extraversion and local immigrant concentrations. In areas with high levels of immigrants, extraverted individuals are associated with more supportive immigration attitudes. Moreover, this study shows that the response to local immigrant levels varies by immigrant group. Levels of nonwhite immigrants and immigrants from predominantly Muslim countries are associated with greater levels of immigration hostility, whereas this is not the case for white immigrants or immigrants from Western and Eastern Europe. These findings demonstrate that an individual's response to local immigration levels depends on both their personality and the immigrant group in question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Peresman
- The University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom; Aarhus University, Nordre Ringgade 1, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Yin K, Fang X, Chen B, Liu Sheng OR. Diversity Preference-Aware Link Recommendation for Online Social Networks. INFORMATION SYSTEMS RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1287/isre.2022.1174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Link recommendation, such as “People You May Know” on LinkedIn, recommends links to connect unlinked online social network users. Existing link recommendation methods tend to recommend similar friends to a user but overlook the fact that different users have different diversity preferences when making friends in a social network. That is, some users prefer to connect with friends of similar profiles while some others prefer to befriend those of different profiles. For example, Jane prefers to connect with those primarily majoring in mathematics, whereas Jack prefers to befriend those in many different majors. To address this research gap, we define and operationalize the concept of diversity preference and propose a new link recommendation problem: the diversity preference-aware link recommendation problem. We then develop a novel link recommendation method that recommends friends to cater each user’s diversity preference. Our study informs researchers and practitioners about a new perspective on link recommendation – diversity preference-aware link recommendation. Our study also suggests that recommender systems need to be designed to meet each user’s diversity preference rather than indiscriminately increase the diversity of recommended items for every user.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Yin
- JP Morgan Chase & Co., Wilmington, Delaware 19801
- Institute for Financial Services Analytics, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
| | - Xiao Fang
- Institute for Financial Services Analytics, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
- Department of Accounting and Management Information Systems, Alfred Lerner College of Business and Economics, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
| | - Bintong Chen
- Institute for Financial Services Analytics, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
- Department of Business Administration, Alfred Lerner College of Business and Economics, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
| | - Olivia R. Liu Sheng
- Department of Operations and Information Systems, David Eccles School of Business, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
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Altmann T. Sex Differences Partially Moderate the Relationships Between Personal Values and the Preference for Cross-Sex Friendships (Heterosociality). JOURNAL OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001/a000367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. A key differentiation in studies on friendship research is between the same-sex and cross-sex friendships of women and men. Although most women and men prefer same-sex over cross-sex friends, most people do commonly have cross-sex friendships, and there are large interindividual differences in the proportions of cross-sex friends in individual friendship networks. Recent studies have suggested that same-sex and cross-sex friendships fulfill different goals for women and men. Therefore, individuals’ personal values (as representations of their enduring goals) may be associated with the types of friendships they prefer. The present study explores associations between personal values and people’s preferences for cross-sex friendships (heterosociality). A sample of 1,333 participants completed the assessment. Results showed that the associations were partially moderated by sex. For men, the value of tradition, whereas for women, the values of security, self-direction, and tradition were found to be significantly associated with the individual proportions of cross-sex friends. These findings contribute to understanding friendship selection and underline the importance of differentiating between same-sex and cross-sex friendships in women and men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Altmann
- Department of Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
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Bradshaw HK, Cunningham K, Hill SE. Known by the company she keeps: Women's friendship preferences influence interpersonal evaluations. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.111301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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6
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He C, Wu C, Yang T, He Y, Yan J, Lin Y, Du Y, He S, Wu S, Cao B. Trajectories and predictors of social avoidance in female patients with breast cancer. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1051737. [PMID: 36506424 PMCID: PMC9732026 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1051737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social avoidance plays an important role in influencing quality of life among patients with breast cancer. Social avoidance behaviors change with treatment periods. However, the trajectory patterns and the predictive factors have not been fully studied. OBJECTIVE This study examined the growth trajectory of social avoidance and its predictors in patients with breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 176 patients with breast cancer in a university hospital in Shaanxi Province, China, were followed up four times over 6 months following surgery, and data from the final 144 patients were analyzed. The growth mixed model (GMM) was used to identify the trajectory categories, and the predictive factors of the trajectory types were analyzed by logistic regression. RESULTS The best-fit growth mixture modeling revealed three class models: persistent high social avoidance group (Class 1), social avoidance increased first and then decreased group (Class 2), and no social avoidance group (Class 3), accounting for 13.89, 31.94, and 54.17% of patients, respectively. Single-factor analysis showed that family income per capita, residence, and temperament type were related to the social avoidance trajectory. Logistic regression analysis showed that only temperament type was an independent predictor of the social avoidance trajectory, and patients with melancholia were more likely to have persistent high social avoidance. CONCLUSION Our study proved the heterogeneity of social avoidance behaviors and the influencing effect of temperament type on the development of social avoidance behaviors in Chinese patients with breast cancer. Health professionals should pay more attention to patients who are at higher risk of developing a persistent social avoidance pattern and provide target interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan He
- Department of Nursing, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Nursing, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianqi Yang
- Department of Psychology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yang He
- Department of Psychology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiaran Yan
- Department of Nursing, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yawei Lin
- Department of Nursing, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanling Du
- Department of Nursing, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shizhe He
- Department of Nursing, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shengjun Wu
- Department of Psychology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Baohua Cao
- Department of Nursing, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Newman A, Dunwoodie K, Jiang Z, Nielsen I. Openness to Experience and the Career Adaptability of Refugees: How Do Career Optimism and Family Social Support Matter? JOURNAL OF CAREER ASSESSMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/10690727211041532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study examines the antecedents of the career adaptability of people from a refugee background. Drawing on career construction theory, it specifically examines whether openness to experience fosters career adaptability through enhancing career optimism. In addition, it examines whether family social support moderates the relationship between openness to experience and career optimism, and moderates the mediated relationship between openness to experience and career adaptability through career optimism. Analysis of three waves of data from people from a refugee background seeking employment in metropolitan Australia found support for the hypothesized relationships. In particular, career optimism was found to fully mediate the relationship between openness to experience and career adaptability. In addition, family social support was found to substitute for low levels of openness to experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Newman
- Department of Management, Deakin Business School, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Karen Dunwoodie
- Department of Management, Deakin Business School, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Zhou Jiang
- College of Business, Government and Law, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ingrid Nielsen
- Department of Management, Monash Business School, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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Jokela M. Personality traits and reasons for residential mobility: Longitudinal data from United Kingdom, Germany, and Australia. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.110978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Avoiding cross-sex friendships: The separability of people with and without cross-sex friends. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02315-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPrior studies on individual differences in the preference for cross-sex friendships found that this preference was not normally distributed but was instead bimodal. In one group of people, the preferences for higher or lower proportions of cross-sex friendships appear to be normally distributed, whereas in a second and unexpectedly large group of people, the preference for cross-sex friends is exactly zero. If the people in the second group with no cross-sex friends at all actively avoid forming cross-sex friendships, then these individuals may be expected to differ systematically and meaningfully from individuals who report having at least one cross-sex friend. The present study tests this hypothesis. The Big Five, homophobia, physical attraction to the opposite sex, and demographic variables from a data set of 491 adult participants were used as potential predictors of group membership. Results showed that most predictors except the Big Five contributed to supporting the separability of the two groups. Findings are discussed with regard to the differentiation between close and general friends and the potential influence of cultural factors.
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Powazny S, Kauffeld S. The role of gender in the evolution of peer networks: Individual differences in relation to the Big Five. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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11
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Laakasuo M, Rotkirch A, van Duijn M, Berg V, Jokela M, David-Barrett T, Miettinen A, Pearce E, Dunbar R. Homophily in Personality Enhances Group Success Among Real-Life Friends. Front Psychol 2020; 11:710. [PMID: 32431638 PMCID: PMC7212830 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Personality affects dyadic relations and teamwork, yet its role among groups of friends has been little explored. We examine for the first time whether similarity in personality enhances the effectiveness of real-life friendship groups. Using data from a longitudinal study of a European fraternity (10 male and 15 female groups), we investigate how individual Big Five personality traits were associated with group formation and whether personality homophily related to how successful the groups were over 1 year (N = 147-196). Group success was measured as group performance/identification (adoption of group markers) and as group bonding (using the inclusion-of-other-in-self scale). Results show that individuals' similarity in neuroticism and conscientiousness predicted group formation. Furthermore, personality similarity was associated with group success, even after controlling for individual's own personality. Especially higher group-level similarity in conscientiousness was associated with group performance, and with bonding in male groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Laakasuo
- Department of Digital Humanities, Cognitive Science Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Rotkirch
- Population Research Institute, Väestöliitto, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Max van Duijn
- Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science (LIACS), Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Venla Berg
- Population Research Institute, Väestöliitto, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Criminology and Legal Policy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus Jokela
- Department of Digital Humanities, Cognitive Science Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tamas David-Barrett
- Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
- Trinity College, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Väestöliitto Population Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Eiluned Pearce
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robin Dunbar
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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12
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Azhari A, Rigo P, Tan PY, Neoh MJY, Esposito G. Viewing Romantic and Friendship Interactions Activate Prefrontal Regions in Persons With High Openness Personality Trait. Front Psychol 2020; 11:490. [PMID: 32265795 PMCID: PMC7108494 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The personality traits we have and the closeness we experience in our relationships inevitably color the lenses through which we perceive social interactions. As such, the varying perceptions of our social relationships could indicate underlying differences in neural processes that occur in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), a brain region involved in social cognition. However, little is known of how personality traits and relationship closeness with others influence brain responses when viewing social interactions between kin (i.e., siblings) and non-kin (i.e., romantic, friends) partners. In the present study, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was employed to investigate prefrontal cortical activation patterns in response to three 1-min mute video clips depicting a male–female couple interacting with comparably mild levels of affection while baking, exercising, and eating. The context of the interaction was manipulated by informing participants about the type of relationship each couple in the three video clips was in: (a) romantic partners, (b) friends, or (c) siblings. By changing only the contextual labels of the videos, we revealed distinct PFC responses to relationship type as a function of openness trait, closeness with romantic partner, and closeness with siblings. As openness score increased, we observed an enhanced activation of the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), the left anterior PFC (aPFC), and the right frontal eye fields (FEFs) in response to the video labeled romantic and friendship, but a reduction in these areas in the siblings condition. Similarly, individuals with higher romantic and sibling closeness showed increased activation in the IFG and dorsolateral PFC (dlPFC) in response to romantic and friendship conditions, but decreased activation in the siblings condition. Differences in PFC activations toward romantic, friendship, and sibling relationships reflect underlying variations in the cognitive processing of social interactions, depending on the personality (i.e., openness) and experiences (i.e., relationship closeness) of the individual, as well as the relationship type with which the interaction is labeled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiqah Azhari
- School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paola Rigo
- School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Pei Yu Tan
- School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Gianluca Esposito
- School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Trento, Italy.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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Altmann T, Roth M. Individual differences in the preference for cross-sex friendship (heterosociality) in relation to personality. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.109838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Distinctions in friendship research: Variations in the relations between friendship and the Big Five. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.109727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Iveniuk J. Social Networks, Role-Relationships, and Personality in Older Adulthood. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2019; 74:815-826. [PMID: 29529263 PMCID: PMC6566325 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbx120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This article examines the implications of personality traits for social network connectedness in older adulthood, across different social relationships. METHODS This article uses data from the National Social Life Health and Aging Project (NSHAP), a nationally-representative, longitudinal survey of community-dwelling older Americans (N = 2,261). Network characteristics were predicted using Poisson and negative binomial regression (for network size) as well as multilevel identity-linked and ordinal-logit-linked regressions (for tie strength). RESULTS Extraversion and agreeableness were associated with tie strength, and extraversion was weakly associated with friend network size. Few trait-by-role-relationship interactions emerged, although more-neurotic persons were more likely to talk about their health with friends. DISCUSSION Personality traits impact the strength of social network ties in older adulthood. However, traits may have minimal impact on network size. The consequences of personality also appear to be largely consistent across different social relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Iveniuk
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
While previous research has shown that personality shapes social networks, we know very little about the relationship between these important psychological characteristics and the creation of social capital. In this article, we argue that personality shapes individuals' ability to create social capital, and we predict positive associations between each of the Big Five personality traits and social capital. We tested our hypotheses using the Social Survey of the Networks of the Dutch, 2014, which contains data on about 1,069 respondents, including social capital and Big Five personality measures. Our findings showed that personality and social capital were related such that extraversion and openness predicted instrumental social capital, and extraversion, emotional stability, and agreeableness predicted expressive social capital. Conscientiousness benefited instrumental social capital when respondents were older or when social capital was accessed via weak ties. We discuss these findings in light of existing explanations of the creation of social capital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Tulin
- University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
| | - Bram Lancee
- University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
| | - Beate Volker
- University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
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Van de Vyver J, Abrams D. The Arts as a Catalyst for Human Prosociality and Cooperation. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PERSONALITY SCIENCE 2018; 9:664-674. [PMID: 30263087 PMCID: PMC6139983 DOI: 10.1177/1948550617720275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that engagement in the arts may act as a catalyst that promotes prosocial cooperation. Using “Understanding Society” data (a nationally representative longitudinal sample of 30,476 people in the UK), we find that beyond major personality traits, demographic variables, wealth, education, and engagement in other social activity (sports), people’s greater engagement with the arts predicts greater prosociality (volunteering and charitable giving) over a period of 2 years. The predictive effect of prosociality on subsequent arts engagement is significantly weaker. The evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that the arts provide an important vehicle for facilitating a cohesive and sustainable society. Fostering a society in which engagement in the arts is encouraged and accessible to all may provide an important counter to economic, cultural, and political fracture and division.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dominic Abrams
- School of Psychology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
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