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Hewes JL, Bhadra A, Schreck E, Goodman JT, Patel M, Zhou C, Lee JY, Bauer NR. Novel Hemodynamic, Vascular Lesion, and Cytokine/Chemokine Differences Regarding Sex in a Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Model. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2024; 71:453-463. [PMID: 38864769 PMCID: PMC11450312 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2023-0378oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Sex differences are recognized in pulmonary hypertension. However, the progression of disease with regard to vascular lesion formation and circulating cytokines/chemokines is unknown. To determine whether vascular lesion formation, changes in hemodynamics, and alterations in circulating chemokines/cytokines differ between males and females, we used a progressive model of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), Sugen/hypoxia, and analyzed cohorts of male and female rats at time points suggested to indicate worsening disease. Our analysis included echocardiography for hemodynamics, morphometry, immunofluoresecence, and chemokine/cytokine analysis of plasma at each time point in both sexes. We found that male rats had significantly increased Fulton index, compared with those for females at each time point, as well as increased medial artery thickening at 8 weeks of PAH. Furthermore, females exhibited fewer obliterative vascular lesions than males at our latest time point. Our data also show increased IL-4, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, IL-10, and macrophage interacting protein-1α that were not observed in females, whereas females were observed to have increased RANTES (whose name derives from Regulated upon Activation, Normal T Cell Expressed and Presumably Secreted) and CXCL-10 that were not found in males. Males also have increased infiltrating macrophages in vascular lesions, compared with females. We found that development of progressive PAH in hemodynamics, morphology, and chemokine/cytokine circulation differs significantly between males and females. These data suggest a macrophage-driven pathology in males, whereas there may be T cell protection from vascular damage in females with PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Chun Zhou
- Center for Lung Biology
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, and
| | - Ji Young Lee
- Center for Lung Biology
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, and
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
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Lemay SE, Montesinos MS, Grobs Y, Yokokawa T, Shimauchi T, Romanet C, Sauvaget M, Breuils-Bonnet S, Bourgeois A, Théberge C, Pelletier A, El Kabbout R, Martineau S, Yamamoto K, Ray AS, Lippa B, Goodwin B, Lin FY, Wang H, Dowling JE, Lu M, Qiao Q, McTeague TA, Moy TI, Potus F, Provencher S, Boucherat O, Bonnet S. Exploring Integrin α5β1 as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Insights from Comprehensive Multicenter Preclinical Studies. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.27.596052. [PMID: 38854025 PMCID: PMC11160677 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.27.596052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by obliterative vascular remodeling of the small pulmonary arteries (PA) and progressive increase in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) leading to right ventricular (RV) failure. Although several drugs are approved for the treatment of PAH, mortality remains high. Accumulating evidence supports a pathological function of integrins in vessel remodeling, which are gaining renewed interest as drug targets. However, their role in PAH remains largely unexplored. We found that the arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD)-binding integrin α5β1 is upregulated in PA endothelial cells (PAEC) and PA smooth muscle cells (PASMC) from PAH patients and remodeled PAs from animal models. Blockade of the integrin α5β1 or depletion of the α5 subunit resulted in mitotic defects and inhibition of the pro-proliferative and apoptosis-resistant phenotype of PAH cells. Using a novel small molecule integrin inhibitor and neutralizing antibodies, we demonstrated that α5β1 integrin blockade attenuates pulmonary vascular remodeling and improves hemodynamics and RV function in multiple preclinical models. Our results provide converging evidence to consider α5β1 integrin inhibition as a promising therapy for pulmonary hypertension. One sentence summary The α5β1 integrin plays a crucial role in pulmonary vascular remodeling.
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Lee D, Lee H, Jo HN, Yun E, Kwon BS, Kim J, Lee A. Endothelial periostin regulates vascular remodeling by promoting endothelial dysfunction in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2024; 28:1-14. [PMID: 38186856 PMCID: PMC10769143 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2023.2300437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by vascular remodeling associated with extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, vascular cell hyperproliferation, and neointima formation in the small pulmonary artery. Endothelial dysfunction is considered a key feature in the initiation of vascular remodeling. Although vasodilators have been used for the treatment of PAH, it remains a life-threatening disease. Therefore, it is necessary to identify novel therapeutic targets for PAH treatment. Periostin (POSTN) is a secretory ECM protein involved in physiological and pathological processes, such as tissue remodeling, cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation. Although POSTN has been proposed as a potential target for PAH treatment, its role in endothelial cells has not been fully elucidated. Here, we demonstrated that POSTN upregulation correlates with PAH by analyzing a public microarray conducted on the lung tissues of patients with PAH and biological experimental results from in vivo and in vitro models. Moreover, POSTN overexpression leads to ECM deposition and endothelial abnormalities such as migration. We found that PAH-associated endothelial dysfunction is mediated at least in part by the interaction between POSTN and integrin-linked protein kinase (ILK), followed by activation of nuclear factor-κB signaling. Silencing POSTN or ILK decreases PAH-related stimuli-induced ECM accumulation and attenuates endothelial abnormalities. In conclusion, our study suggests that POSTN serves as a critical regulator of PAH by regulating vascular remodeling, and targeting its role as a potential therapeutic strategy for PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn Lee
- Division of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeyoung Lee
- Division of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-neul Jo
- Division of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsik Yun
- Division of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Su Kwon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongmin Kim
- Division of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Women’s Health, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Aram Lee
- Division of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Women’s Health, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Shen Y, Goncharov DA, Pena A, Baust J, Barragan AC, Ray A, Rode A, Bachman TN, Chang B, Jiang L, Dieffenbach P, Fredenburgh LE, Rojas M, DeLisser H, Mora AL, Kudryashova TV, Goncharova EA. Cross-talk between TSC2 and the extracellular matrix controls pulmonary vascular proliferation and pulmonary hypertension. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabn2743. [PMID: 36473049 PMCID: PMC9869933 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abn2743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Increased proliferation and survival of cells in small pulmonary arteries (PAs) drive pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Because cell growth mediated by the mTOR-containing mTORC1 complex is inhibited by tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2), we investigated the role of this GTPase-activating protein in PAH pathology. TSC2 abundance was decreased in remodeled small PAs and PA vascular smooth muscle cells (PAVSMCs) from patients with PAH or from rodent pulmonary hypertension (PH) models, as well as PAVSMCs maintained on substrates that reproduced pathology-induced stiffness. Accordingly, mice with smooth muscle-specific reduction in TSC2 developed PH. At the molecular level, decreased TSC2 abundance led to stiffness-induced PAVSMC proliferation, increased abundance of the mechanosensitive transcriptional coactivators YAP/TAZ, and enhanced mTOR kinase activity. Moreover, extracellular matrix (ECM) produced by TSC2-deficient PAVSMCs stimulated the proliferation of nondiseased PA adventitial fibroblasts and PAVSMCs through fibronectin and its receptor, the α5β1 integrin. Reconstituting TSC2 in PAVSMCs from patients with PAH through overexpression or treatment with the SIRT1 activator SRT2104 decreased YAP/TAZ abundance, mTOR activity, and ECM production, as well as inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis. In two rodent models of PH, SRT2104 treatment restored TSC2 abundance, attenuated pulmonary vascular remodeling, and ameliorated PH. Thus, TSC2 in PAVSMCs integrates ECM composition and stiffness with pro-proliferative and survival signaling, and restoring TSC2 abundance could be an attractive therapeutic option to treat PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjun Shen
- Lung Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA 95616
| | - Dmitry A. Goncharov
- Lung Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA 95616
| | - Andressa Pena
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 15213
| | - Jeffrey Baust
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 15213
| | - Andres Chavez Barragan
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 15213
| | - Arnab Ray
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 15213
| | - Analise Rode
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 15213
| | - Timothy N. Bachman
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 15213
| | - Baojun Chang
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 15213
| | - Lifeng Jiang
- Lung Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA 95616
| | - Paul Dieffenbach
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Laura E. Fredenburgh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Current affiliation: Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY
| | - Mauricio Rojas
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA 43210
| | - Horace DeLisser
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Pulmonary Vascular Disease Program, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA 19104
| | - Ana L. Mora
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA 43210
| | - Tatiana V. Kudryashova
- Lung Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA 95616
| | - Elena. A. Goncharova
- Lung Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA 95616
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Sarode GV, Neier K, Shibata NM, Shen Y, Goncharov DA, Goncharova EA, Mazi TA, Joshi N, Settles ML, LaSalle JM, Medici V. Wilson Disease: Intersecting DNA Methylation and Histone Acetylation Regulation of Gene Expression in a Mouse Model of Hepatic Copper Accumulation. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 12:1457-1477. [PMID: 34098115 PMCID: PMC8487080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The pathogenesis of Wilson disease (WD) involves hepatic and brain copper accumulation resulting from pathogenic variants affecting the ATP7B gene and downstream epigenetic and metabolic mechanisms. Prior methylome investigations in human WD liver and blood and in the Jackson Laboratory (Bar Harbor, ME) C3He-Atp7btx-j/J (tx-j) WD mouse model revealed an epigenetic signature of WD, including changes in histone deacetylase (HDAC) 5. We tested the hypothesis that histone acetylation is altered with respect to copper overload and aberrant DNA methylation in WD. METHODS We investigated class IIa HDAC4 and HDAC5 and H3K9/H3K27 histone acetylation in tx-j mouse livers compared with C3HeB/FeJ (C3H) control in response to 3 treatments: 60% kcal fat diet, D-penicillamine (copper chelator), and choline (methyl group donor). Experiments with copper-loaded hepatoma G2 cells were conducted to validate in vivo studies. RESULTS In 9-week tx-j mice, HDAC5 levels increased significantly after 8 days of a 60% kcal fat diet compared with chow. In 24-week tx-j mice, HDAC4/5 levels were reduced 5- to 10-fold compared with C3H, likely through mechanisms involving HDAC phosphorylation. HDAC4/5 levels were affected by disease progression and accompanied by increased acetylation. D-penicillamine and choline partially restored HDAC4/5 and H3K9ac/H3K27ac to C3H levels. Integrated RNA and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analyses revealed genes regulating energy metabolism and cellular stress/development, which, in turn, were regulated by histone acetylation in tx-j mice compared with C3H mice, with Pparα and Pparγ among the most relevant targets. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest dietary modulation of class IIa HDAC4/5, and subsequent H3K9/H3K27 acetylation/deacetylation can regulate gene expression in key metabolic pathways in the pathogenesis of WD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kari Neier
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Genome Center, Davis, California
| | | | - Yuanjun Shen
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Lung Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Davis, California
| | - Dmitry A. Goncharov
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Lung Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Davis, California
| | - Elena A. Goncharova
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Lung Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Davis, California
| | - Tagreed A. Mazi
- Department of Nutrition, Davis, California,Department of Community Health Sciences–Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikhil Joshi
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of California–Davis, Davis, California
| | - Matthew L. Settles
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of California–Davis, Davis, California
| | - Janine M. LaSalle
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Genome Center, Davis, California
| | - Valentina Medici
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Davis, California,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Valentina Medici, MD, FAASLD, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California–Davis, 4150 V Street, Patient Support Services Building (PSSB) Suite 3500, Sacramento, California 95817. fax: (916) 734-7908.
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Sharifi Kia D, Kim K, Simon MA. Current Understanding of the Right Ventricle Structure and Function in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Front Physiol 2021; 12:641310. [PMID: 34122125 PMCID: PMC8194310 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.641310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a disease resulting in increased right ventricular (RV) afterload and RV remodeling. PAH results in altered RV structure and function at different scales from organ-level hemodynamics to tissue-level biomechanical properties, fiber-level architecture, and cardiomyocyte-level contractility. Biomechanical analysis of RV pathophysiology has drawn significant attention over the past years and recent work has found a close link between RV biomechanics and physiological function. Building upon previously developed techniques, biomechanical studies have employed multi-scale analysis frameworks to investigate the underlying mechanisms of RV remodeling in PAH and effects of potential therapeutic interventions on these mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of RV structure and function in PAH, highlighting the findings from recent studies on the biomechanics of RV remodeling at organ, tissue, fiber, and cellular levels. Recent progress in understanding the underlying mechanisms of RV remodeling in PAH, and effects of potential therapeutics, will be highlighted from a biomechanical perspective. The clinical relevance of RV biomechanics in PAH will be discussed, followed by addressing the current knowledge gaps and providing suggested directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danial Sharifi Kia
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Kang Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh - University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Marc A Simon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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Fuller HC, Wei TY, Behrens MR, Ruder WC. The Future Application of Organ-on-a-Chip Technologies as Proving Grounds for MicroBioRobots. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E947. [PMID: 33092054 PMCID: PMC7589118 DOI: 10.3390/mi11100947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
An evolving understanding of disease pathogenesis has compelled the development of new drug delivery approaches. Recently, bioinspired microrobots have gained traction as drug delivery systems. By leveraging the microscale phenomena found in physiological systems, these microrobots can be designed with greater maneuverability, which enables more precise, controlled drug release. Their function could be further improved by testing their efficacy in physiologically relevant model systems as part of their development. In parallel with the emergence of microscale robots, organ-on-a-chip technologies have become important in drug discovery and physiological modeling. These systems reproduce organ-level functions in microfluidic devices, and can also incorporate specific biological, chemical, and physical aspects of a disease. This review highlights recent developments in both microrobotics and organ-on-a-chip technologies and envisions their combined use for developing future drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley C. Fuller
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; (H.C.F.); (T.-Y.W.); (M.R.B.)
| | - Ting-Yen Wei
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; (H.C.F.); (T.-Y.W.); (M.R.B.)
| | - Michael R. Behrens
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; (H.C.F.); (T.-Y.W.); (M.R.B.)
| | - Warren C. Ruder
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; (H.C.F.); (T.-Y.W.); (M.R.B.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Li B, Wang X, Wang R, Rutz B, Ciotkowska A, Gratzke C, Herlemann A, Spek A, Tamalunas A, Waidelich R, Stief CG, Hennenberg M. Inhibition of neurogenic and thromboxane A 2 -induced human prostate smooth muscle contraction by the integrin α2β1 inhibitor BTT-3033 and the integrin-linked kinase inhibitor Cpd22. Prostate 2020; 80:831-849. [PMID: 32449814 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prostate smooth muscle contraction is critical for etiology and treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Integrins connect the cytoskeleton to membranes and cells to extracellular matrix, what is essential for force generation in smooth muscle contraction. Integrins are composed of different subunits and may cooperate with integrin-linked kinase (ILK). Here, we examined effects of inhibitors for different integrin heterodimers and ILK on contraction of human prostate tissues. METHODS Prostate tissues were obtained from radical prostatectomy. Integrins and ILK were detected by Western blot, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and double fluorescence staining. Smooth muscle contractions of prostate strips were studied in an organ bath. Contractions were compared after application of solvent (controls), the ILK inhibitor Cpd22 (N-methyl-3-(1-(4-(piperazin-1-yl)phenyl)-5-(4'-(trifluoromethyl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)propanamide), the integrin α2β1 inhibitor BTT-3033 (1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-[4[[(phenylamino)carbonyl]amino]phenyl]-1H-pyrazole-4-sulfonamide), or the integrin α4β1/α9β1 inhibitor BOP (N-(benzenesulfonyl)- l-prolyl- l-O-(1-pyrrolidinylcarbonyl)tyrosine sodium salt). RESULTS Western blot analyses of prostate tissues using antibodies raised against integrins α2b, α4, α9, β1, and ILK revealed bands matching the expected sizes of corresponding antigens. Expression of integrins and ILK was confirmed by RT-PCR. Individual variations of expression levels occurred independently from divergent degree of BPH, reflected by different contents of prostate-specific antigen. Double fluorescence staining of prostate sections using antibodies raised against integrins α2 and β1, or against ILK resulted in immunoreactivity colocalizing with calponin, suggesting localization in prostate smooth muscle cells. Electric field stimulation (EFS) induced frequency-dependent contractions, which were inhibited by Cpd22 (3 µM) and BTT-3033 (1 µM) (inhibition around 37% by Cpd22 and 46% by BTT-3033 at 32 Hz). The thromboxane A2 analog U46619-induced concentration-dependent contractions, which were inhibited by Cpd22 and BTT-3033 (around 67% by Cpd22 and 39% by BTT-3033 at 30 µM U46619). Endothelin-1 induced concentration-dependent contractions, which were not affected by Cpd22 or BTT-3033. Noradrenaline and the α1 -adrenergic agonists methoxamine and phenylephrine-induced concentration-dependent contractions, which were not or very slightly inhibited by Cpd22 and BTT-3033. BOP did not change EFS- or agonist-induced contraction. CONCLUSIONS Integrin α2β1 and ILK inhibitors inhibit neurogenic and thromboxane A2 -induced prostate smooth muscle contraction in human BPH. A role for these targets for prostate smooth muscle contraction may appear possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingsheng Li
- Department of Urology, LMU Munich, University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Department of Urology, LMU Munich, University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Ruixiao Wang
- Department of Urology, LMU Munich, University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Beata Rutz
- Department of Urology, LMU Munich, University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Ciotkowska
- Department of Urology, LMU Munich, University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Annika Herlemann
- Department of Urology, LMU Munich, University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Annabel Spek
- Department of Urology, LMU Munich, University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Christian G Stief
- Department of Urology, LMU Munich, University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Hennenberg
- Department of Urology, LMU Munich, University Hospital, Munich, Germany
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