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Serrano-Arias B, Ferrara F, Zavaleta E, Zovi A, Ortiz-Barboza A, Pasquinucci R, Arguedas-Chacón S, Nava E, Langella R, Russo G. Adverse Events Following mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine in 2021 and 2022: A Retrospective Analysis in Costa Rica and Italy. Cureus 2023; 15:e47834. [PMID: 38021647 PMCID: PMC10676764 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pharmacovigilance plays a crucial role in evaluating and monitoring the safety of medicines, which is essential for preventing harm to patients and improving public health. This study aims to compare the pharmacovigilance systems of Costa Rica and Italy and assess the safety profile of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines in both countries. Methods Data were collected from the official pharmacovigilance platforms in Costa Rica and Italy. Adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) were categorized by system organ class. Reports of suspected AEFIs associated with COVID-19 vaccines were analyzed for the period from January 1, 2021, to December 31, 2022. Results Both countries achieved high vaccination rates, with 84.9% in Italy and 92.9% in Costa Rica. A higher proportion of AEFIs occurred in females in both countries, with 53% and 65% in Naples and Costa Rica, respectively. Most AEFIs were observed in individuals aged 18-64 years. The rate of serious adverse reactions was lower in both countries than the international average. However, Naples reported a higher incidence of serious events per 100,000 inhabitants. Discussion The study sheds light on the importance of vaccine safety profiling and the significance of a comprehensive understanding of vaccine safety and effectiveness, specific population data, and collaborative strategies to mitigate and improve safety. Additionally, the study highlighted the significance of considering sex and gender when evaluating vaccine safety and efficacy, as sex-specific differences may impact vaccine outcomes. Conclusion Continuous pharmacovigilance efforts, collaborative approaches, and comprehensive data analysis are critical in ensuring vaccine safety and efficacy and safeguarding global public health. Lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic highlight the importance of proactive measures in addressing emerging challenges in vaccine safety and rollout programs worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Ferrara
- Pharmacy Department, ASL (Azienda Sanitaria Locale) Napoli 3 Sud, Napoli, ITA
| | | | - Andrea Zovi
- Hygiene Department, Ministry of Health, Rome, ITA
| | | | | | | | - Eduardo Nava
- Pharmacy Department, ASL (Azienda Sanitaria Locale) Napoli 3 Sud, Nola, ITA
| | - Roberto Langella
- Italian Society of Hospital Pharmacy, Secretariat of the Lombardy Region, Milan, ITA
| | - Giuseppe Russo
- Strategic Management Department, ASL (Azienda Sanitaria Locale) Napoli 3 Sud, Naples, ITA
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Roederer T, Mollo B, Vincent C, Leduc G, Sayyad-Hilario J, Mosnier M, Vandentorren S. Estimating COVID-19 vaccine uptake and its drivers among migrants, homeless and precariously housed people in France. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2023; 3:30. [PMID: 36801917 PMCID: PMC9939372 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-023-00257-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Migrants, people experiencing homelessness (PEH), or precariously housed (PH) are at high risk for COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and death from COVID-19. However, while data on COVID-19 vaccine uptake in these populations are available in the USA, Canada, and Denmark, we are lacking, to the best of our knowledge, data from France. METHODS In late 2021, we carried out a cross-sectional survey to determine COVID-19 vaccine coverage in PEH/PH residing in Ile-de-France and Marseille, France, and to explore its drivers. Participants aged over 18 years were interviewed face-to-face where they slept the previous night, in their preferred language, and then stratified for analysis into three housing groups (Streets, Accommodated, and Precariously Housed). Standardized vaccination rates were computed and compared to the French population. Multilevel univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were built. RESULTS We find that 76.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 74.3-78.1) of the 3690 participants received at least one COVID-19 vaccine dose while 91.1% of the French population did so. Vaccine uptake varies by stratum, with the highest uptake (85.6%; reference) in PH, followed by Accommodated (75.4%; adjusted odds-ratio = 0.79; 95% CI 0.51-1.09 vs. PH) and lowest in Streets (42.0%; AOR = 0.38; 95%CI 0.25-0.57 vs. PH). Use for vaccine certificate, age, socioeconomic factors, and vaccine hesitancy is associated with vaccination coverage. CONCLUSIONS In France, PEH/PH, and especially the most excluded, are less likely than the general population to receive COVID-19 vaccines. While vaccine mandate has proved an effective strategy, targeted outreach, on-site vaccinations, and sensitization activities are strategies enhancing vaccine uptake that can easily be replicated in future campaigns and other settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bastien Mollo
- grid.452373.40000 0004 0643 8660Epicentre, Paris, France ,grid.452373.40000 0004 0643 8660Médecins Sans Frontières, Paris, France ,grid.411119.d0000 0000 8588 831XInfectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | | | - Ghislain Leduc
- grid.452373.40000 0004 0643 8660Epicentre, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Stéphanie Vandentorren
- grid.493975.50000 0004 5948 8741Santé Publique France, Saint Maurice, France ,grid.508062.90000 0004 8511 8605University of Bordeaux, INSERM UMR 1219-Bordeaux Population Health, Bordeaux, France
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Dagnew Baye N, Agegnehu Teshome A, Agimas Ayenew A, Tilahun Mulu A, Chekol Abebe E, Tilahun Muche Z. Attitude and level of COVID-19 vaccination and its determinants among patients with chronic disease visiting Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278914. [PMID: 36490271 PMCID: PMC9733868 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coronavirus disease is a fatal viral disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. This study was aimed to assess the attitude, level of COVID-19 vaccine uptake, and its determinants among patients with chronic diseases visiting Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. METHODS An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 422 randomly selected patients with chronic disease visiting Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from February 1 to March 30, 2022. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were done to identify associations between dependent and independent variables. RESULTS Among all participants, only 29.6% of patients were vaccinated with any of the COVID-19 vaccines at least one dose. Age from 31 to 40 years (AOR = 6.26, 95% CI: 2.69-14.56), attended collage and above (AOR = 6.3, 95% CI: 1.37, 28.68), positive attitude towards COVID-19 vaccine (AOR = 9.07, 95% CI: 4.51-18.22), good knowledge (AOR = 7.63, 95% CI: 1.08-16.85), history of COVID-19 (AOR = 4.33, 95% CI: 1.85-10.17), family history of COVID-19 (AOR = 3.99, 95% CI = 1.89-8.48), ever been tested for COVID-19 (AOR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.15-0.74) were determinant factors for COVID-19 vaccine uptake. CONCLUSION COVID-19 vaccine uptake among patients with chronic disease was very low. The main reasons for not being vaccinated were doubts about vaccine efficacy, the vaccine may cause disease by itself, and fear of adverse effects. Therefore, different stakeholders should enforce vaccine uptake and awareness creation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nega Dagnew Baye
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debretabor, Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
| | - Assefa Agegnehu Teshome
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debretabor, Ethiopia
| | - Atalo Agimas Ayenew
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debretabor, Ethiopia
| | - Anmut Tilahun Mulu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debretabor, Ethiopia
| | - Endeshaw Chekol Abebe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debretabor, Ethiopia
| | - Zelalem Tilahun Muche
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debretabor, Ethiopia
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Chekol Abebe E, Ayalew Tiruneh G, Asmare Adela G, Mengie Ayele T, Tilahun Muche Z, Behaile T/Mariam A, Tilahun Mulu A, Abebe Zewde E, Dagnaw Baye N, Asmamaw Dejenie T. COVID-19 vaccine uptake and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Debre Tabor public health institutions: A cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:919494. [PMID: 35928488 PMCID: PMC9343782 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.919494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundVaccination is the best means of reducing the increased risk of severe COVID-19 during pregnancy. Data on COVID-19 vaccine uptake among pregnant women in Ethiopia is scarce. Thus, this study aimed to assess COVID-19 vaccine uptake and associated factors among pregnant women.MethodAn institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 634 pregnant women attending antenatal care in Debre Tabor public health institutions from March 14 to 30, 2022. Participants were recruited using a multistage sampling technique and data were collected via face-to-face interviews using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. Stata version 16.0 software was used for data analysis. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine uptake, with a p-value< 0.05 considered statistically significant.ResultOnly 14.4% (95% CI: 11.7%-17.3%) of participants had received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccines. The main reasons for declining vaccination were fear that the COVID-19 vaccine may have harmful side effects on the fetus or the mother. Being 45 or older (AOR: 1.75, 95%CI: 1.01–2.95), being married (AOR: 1.26, 95%CI: 1.12, 2.96), having good knowledge (AOR:3.52, 95%CI:1.83–3.87), and a positive attitude (AOR:4.81, 95% CI: 1.42–7.33) were positive predictors of COVID-19 vaccine uptake. But attaining a college or university education (AOR: 0.43, 95%CI: 0.12–0.69) was found to be a barrier to vaccine uptake by pregnant women.ConclusionCOVID-19 vaccination among pregnant women was substantially low. Old age, being married, low education, good knowledge, and a positive attitude were significant predictors of COVID-19 vaccine uptake. To enhance the COVID-19 vaccine uptake, the government should improve the knowledge and attitude of pregnant women toward the COVID-19 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endeshaw Chekol Abebe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | | | - Getachew Asmare Adela
- Department of Reproductive Health and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Woliata Sodo University, Woliata Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Teklie Mengie Ayele
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Zelalem Tilahun Muche
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Awgichew Behaile T/Mariam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Anemut Tilahun Mulu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Edgeit Abebe Zewde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Nega Dagnaw Baye
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Tadesse Asmamaw Dejenie
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake and Acceptability in the Horn of Africa: Evidence from Somaliland. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10071076. [PMID: 35891240 PMCID: PMC9323273 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10071076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Various COVID-19 vaccines have been developed in an unprecedented time and were rolled out across the world to save lives during the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet statistics show that COVID-19 uptake and acceptance in the Horn of Africa have been very low. To examine factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine uptake and acceptance in Somaliland, we carried out a cross-sectional study using a structured questionnaire both in offline and online modes. The study population was adults from the age of 18 years and above. Of the 704 respondents who participated in the survey, only 37% took the vaccine. Surprisingly, about 65% of those who have not taken the vaccine were unwilling to get vaccinated. Using a binomial logistic regression, we find that older people, the more educated and those who are employed are more likely to take the vaccine. Our results also show that the perceived threat of the virus and the perceived safety of the vaccine significantly increase vaccine uptake and acceptance. Results of this study will help the government and other concerned parties shape policies that can boost vaccine uptake and acceptance.
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