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Ahlström C, Anund A. Development of sleepiness in professional truck drivers: Real-road testing for driver drowsiness and attention warning (DDAW) system evaluation. J Sleep Res 2024:e14259. [PMID: 38837467 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.14259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
All new vehicle types within the European Union must now be equipped with a driver drowsiness and attention warning system starting from 2022. The specific requirements for the test procedure necessary for type approval are defined in the Annex of EU Regulation C/2021/2639. The objectives of this study were to: (i) investigate how sleepiness develops in professional truck drivers under real-road driving conditions; and (ii) assess the feasibility of a test procedure for validating driver drowsiness and attention warning systems according to the EU regulation. Twenty-four professional truck drivers participated in the test. They drove for 180 km on a dual-lane motorway, first during daytime after a normal night's sleep and then at nighttime after being awake since early morning. The results showed higher sleepiness levels during nighttime driving compared with daytime, with a faster increase in sleepiness with distance driven, especially during the night. Psychomotor vigilance task results corroborated these findings. From a driver drowsiness and attention warning testing perspective, the study design with sleep-deprived drivers at night was successful in inducing the targeted sleepiness level of a Karolinska Sleepiness Scale score of ≥ 8. Many drivers who reported a Karolinska Sleepiness Scale ≥ 8 during the drives also acknowledged feeling sleepy in the post-drive questionnaire. Reaching high levels of sleepiness on real roads during daytime is more problematic, not the least from legal and ethical perspectives as higher traffic densities during the daytime lead to increased risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christer Ahlström
- Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anna Anund
- Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Linköping, Sweden
- Rehabilitation Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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2
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Hittle BM, Keller EG, Lee RC, Daraiseh NM. Pediatric nurses' fatigue descriptions in occupational injury reports: A descriptive qualitative study1. Work 2024:WOR230273. [PMID: 38820042 DOI: 10.3233/wor-230273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the high risks associated with occupational fatigue in healthcare, few organizations require nurses to screen and report fatigue symptoms. As a result, little is known about if and how nurses would report fatigue while on the job. Objective To determine if hospital-based pediatric nurses reported fatigue as part of an active injury reporting method. Methods This secondary analysis of qualitative data used a descriptive design with content analysis. Data from the parent study were collected at a U.S. pediatric hospital where nurses verbally reported on-shift injuries or near misses and pre- and post-shift health status via a digital voice recorder. Researchers used content analysis to independently code data for nurses' references to fatigue. Codes were then analyzed for patterns and themes. Results Approximately 30% (n = 104) of participants reported fatigue-related content. Emergent themes were Work Stressors, Individual Risk Factors, Fatigue Descriptors, Adverse Outcomes from Fatigue, Fatigue Buffers, Descriptors for Buffered Fatigue, and Favorable Outcomes from Buffered Fatigue. Fatigue descriptions align with prior literature, demonstrating the accuracy of the voice recorder data collection method. In addition, nurses expressed uncertainty about the appropriateness of reporting fatigue symptoms. Conclusion Findings from this study support pediatric nurses will report fatigue, when provided an opportunity. Additional efforts are needed to better understand effective ways to improve fatigue reporting among nurses, including harnessing current technology for real-time reporting and how to change the culture around fatigue reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverly M Hittle
- College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Rebecca C Lee
- College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Nancy M Daraiseh
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Peters KJ, Maslovat D, Carlsen AN. Visual perceptual processing is unaffected by cognitive fatigue. Conscious Cogn 2024; 119:103666. [PMID: 38387139 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2024.103666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Cognitive fatigue (CF) can lead to an increase in the latency of simple reaction time, although the processes involved in this delay are unknown. One potential explanation is that a longer time may be required for sensory processing of relevant stimuli. To investigate this possibility, the current study used a visual inspection time task to measure perceptual processing speed before and after a CF (math and memory) or non-fatiguing (documentary film) intervention. Subjective fatigue and simple reaction time significantly increased following the CF, but not the non-fatiguing intervention, confirming that CF was induced. Conversely, there was no effect of CF on inspection time task performance. It was therefore concluded that the speed of perceptual processing is not significantly impacted by CF, and thus is unlikely to underlie CF-related reaction time increases. Instead, increases in simple reaction time latency in CF may be due to delays in response preparation or initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen J Peters
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, 125 University Private, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Dana Maslovat
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, 125 University Private, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Anthony N Carlsen
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, 125 University Private, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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Li Y, Zhang S, Zhu G, Huang Z, Wang R, Duan X, Wang Z. A CNN-Based Wearable System for Driver Drowsiness Detection. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:3475. [PMID: 37050534 PMCID: PMC10099375 DOI: 10.3390/s23073475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Drowsiness poses a serious challenge to road safety and various in-cabin sensing technologies have been experimented with to monitor driver alertness. Cameras offer a convenient means for contactless sensing, but they may violate user privacy and require complex algorithms to accommodate user (e.g., sunglasses) and environmental (e.g., lighting conditions) constraints. This paper presents a lightweight convolution neural network that measures eye closure based on eye images captured by a wearable glass prototype, which features a hot mirror-based design that allows the camera to be installed on the glass temples. The experimental results showed that the wearable glass prototype, with the neural network in its core, was highly effective in detecting eye blinks. The blink rate derived from the glass output was highly consistent with an industrial gold standard EyeLink eye-tracker. As eye blink characteristics are sensitive measures of driver drowsiness, the glass prototype and the lightweight neural network presented in this paper would provide a computationally efficient yet viable solution for real-world applications.
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5
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Ren X, Pritchard E, van Vreden C, Newnam S, Iles R, Xia T. Factors Associated with Fatigued Driving among Australian Truck Drivers: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2732. [PMID: 36768095 PMCID: PMC9916394 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatigued driving is one of the leading factors contributing to road crashes in the trucking industry. The nature of trucking, prolonged working time, and irregular sleep patterns can negatively impact drivers' health and wellbeing. However, there is limited research in Australia investigating the impact of demographic, occupational, or lifestyle factors on fatigue among truck drivers. OBJECTIVE This cross-sectional study examines the role of demographic, occupational, lifestyle, and other health risk factors associated with fatigue among Australian truck drivers. METHOD This study was part of a larger study that used a short online survey with a follow-up telephone survey to capture in-depth information on a wide range of determinants related to truck drivers' physical and mental health outcomes. Fatigue was measured by three questions, including the frequency of fatigue, fatigue management training, and strategies used to combat fatigue. Multivariate regression analysis was used to determine the specific impact of demographics, occupational factors, lifestyle factors, and other health risk factors on fatigue. RESULTS In total, 332 drivers completed both the online and telephone surveys; 97% were male, representing drivers from broad age groups and professional experience. The odds of being in the high-risk fatigue group were nearly three times higher in drivers who worked 40-60 h compared to those who worked < 40 h. Poor sleep increased the odds of high-risk fatigue by seventimes (95% CI: 2.26-21.67, p = 0.001). Drivers who reported experiencing loneliness also had double the odds of being at high risk of fatigued driving. CONCLUSIONS The increased risk of fatigue in truck drivers is associated with prolonged working hours, poor sleep, and social aspects such as loneliness. Further interventions seeking to reduce driver fatigue should consider the impact of work schedules, the availability of quality sleeping spaces, and the level of social connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Ren
- Healthy Working Lives Research Group, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Pritchard
- Healthy Working Lives Research Group, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Caryn van Vreden
- Healthy Working Lives Research Group, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Sharon Newnam
- Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Ross Iles
- Healthy Working Lives Research Group, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Ting Xia
- Healthy Working Lives Research Group, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
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Mabry JE, Camden M, Miller A, Sarkar A, Manke A, Ridgeway C, Iridiastadi H, Crowder T, Islam M, Soccolich S, Hanowski RJ. Unravelling the Complexity of Irregular Shiftwork, Fatigue and Sleep Health for Commercial Drivers and the Associated Implications for Roadway Safety. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14780. [PMID: 36429498 PMCID: PMC9690622 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fatigue can be a significant problem for commercial motor vehicle (CMV) drivers. The lifestyle of a long-haul CMV driver may include long and irregular work hours, inconsistent sleep schedules, poor eating and exercise habits, and mental and physical stress, all contributors to fatigue. Shiftwork is associated with lacking, restricted, and poor-quality sleep and variations in circadian rhythms, all shown to negatively affect driving performance through impaired in judgment and coordination, longer reaction times, and cognitive impairment. Overweight and obesity may be as high as 90% in CMV drivers, and are associated with prevalent comorbidities, including obstructive sleep apnea, hypertension, and cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. As cognitive and motor processing declines with fatigue, driver performance decreases, and the risk of errors, near crashes, and crashes increases. Tools and assessments to determine and quantify the nature, severity, and impact of fatigue and sleep disorders across a variety of environments and populations have been developed and should be critically examined before being employed with CMV drivers. Strategies to mitigate fatigue in CMV operations include addressing the numerous personal, health, and work factors contributing to fatigue and sleepiness. Further research is needed across these areas to better understand implications for roadway safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Erin Mabry
- Division of Freight, Transit, and Heavy Vehicle Safety, Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Matthew Camden
- Division of Freight, Transit, and Heavy Vehicle Safety, Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Andrew Miller
- Division of Freight, Transit, and Heavy Vehicle Safety, Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Abhijit Sarkar
- Division of Freight, Transit, and Heavy Vehicle Safety, Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Aditi Manke
- Division of Freight, Transit, and Heavy Vehicle Safety, Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Christiana Ridgeway
- Division of Freight, Transit, and Heavy Vehicle Safety, Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Hardianto Iridiastadi
- Division of Freight, Transit, and Heavy Vehicle Safety, Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Tarah Crowder
- Division of Freight, Transit, and Heavy Vehicle Safety, Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Mouyid Islam
- Division of Freight, Transit, and Heavy Vehicle Safety, Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Susan Soccolich
- Division of Freight, Transit, and Heavy Vehicle Safety, Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Richard J. Hanowski
- Division of Freight, Transit, and Heavy Vehicle Safety, Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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Bauerle TJ, Sammarco JJ, Dugdale ZJ, Dawson D. The human factors of mineworker fatigue: An overview on prevalence, mitigation, and what's next. Am J Ind Med 2022; 65:832-839. [PMID: 34669194 PMCID: PMC9018855 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Though mining remains a vital shiftwork industry for U.S. commerce, problems of continued prevalence of mineworker fatigue and its mitigation persist. Publications and reports on fatigue in mining appear to be rich and diverse, yet variable and remote, much like the industry itself. METHODS The authors engaged in a brief nonexhaustive overview of the literature on sleep and fatigue among mineworking populations. RESULTS This overview covers: potential sources of fatigue unique to mine work (e.g., monotonous and disengaging Work Tasks, underground environments and light exposure, remote work operations); evaluation of mitigation strategies for mineworker fatigue or working hours (e.g., shift-scheduling and training); and areas for future research and practice (e.g., fatigue risk management systems in mining, mineworker sleep and fatigue surveillance, lighting interventions, and automation). CONCLUSIONS Fatigue continues to be a critical challenge for the mining industry. While research on the problems and solutions of mineworker fatigue has been limited to date, the future of fatigue research in mining can expand these findings by exploring the origins, nature, and outcomes of fatigue using advancements in lighting, automation, and fatigue risk management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Bauerle
- Spokane Mining Research Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Spokane, Western Australia, USA
| | - John J. Sammarco
- Pittsburgh Mining Research Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zoë J. Dugdale
- Spokane Mining Research Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Spokane, Western Australia, USA
| | - Drew Dawson
- Appleton Institute of Behavioural Science, Central Queensland University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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8
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Slowed reaction times in cognitive fatigue are not attributable to declines in motor preparation. Exp Brain Res 2022; 240:3033-3047. [PMID: 36227342 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-022-06444-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive fatigue (CF) can result from sustained mental effort, is characterized by subjective feelings of exhaustion and cognitive performance deficits, and is associated with slowed simple reaction time (RT). This study determined whether declines in motor preparation underlie this RT effect. Motor preparation level was indexed using simple RT and the StartReact effect, wherein a prepared movement is involuntarily triggered at short latency by a startling acoustic stimulus (SAS). It was predicted that if decreased motor preparation underlies CF-associated RT increases, then an attenuated StartReact effect would be observed following cognitive task completion. Subjective fatigue assessment and a simple RT task were performed before and after a cognitively fatiguing task or non-fatiguing control intervention. On 25% of RT trials, a SAS replaced the go-signal to assess the StartReact effect. CF inducement was verified by significant declines in cognitive performance (p = 0.003), along with increases in subjective CF (p < 0.001) and control RT (p = 0.018) following the cognitive fatigue intervention, but not the control intervention. No significant pre-to-post-test changes in SAS RT were observed, indicating that RT increases resulting from CF are not substantially associated with declines in motor preparation, and instead may be attributable to other stages of processing during a simple RT task.
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Onninen J, Pylkkönen M, Hakola T, Puttonen S, Virkkala J, Tolvanen A, Sallinen M. The self-reported stress and stressors in tram and long-haul truck drivers. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2022; 102:103761. [PMID: 35405456 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2022.103761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Work stress may compromise professional drivers' health and driving capacity. Differences between driver groups in terms of on-duty stress are understudied. Therefore, we examined self-reported stress (Stockholm University Stress Scale) of shift-working tram and long-haul truck drivers (n = 75) across 2-3 weeks. Furthermore, stressors were self-reported retrospectively and categorised as related to the job, driving conditions, personal, or other causes. Stress levels were generally low, but moderate to high stress (≥6) was more frequently reported among the tram drivers. Stressors related to the job (54%) and driving conditions (19% of all shifts) were frequently reported among the tram and truck drivers, respectively. Moderate to high stress was associated with categorised stressors related to the job and other causes among the tram drivers, and all categorised stressors among the truck drivers. Altogether, self-reported stress and stressors differ by driver group, but the role of shift type is less significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussi Onninen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Työterveyslaitos, P.O. Box 40, FI-00032, Finland; Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Finland.
| | - Mia Pylkkönen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Työterveyslaitos, P.O. Box 40, FI-00032, Finland; Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Finland
| | - Tarja Hakola
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Työterveyslaitos, P.O. Box 40, FI-00032, Finland
| | - Sampsa Puttonen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Työterveyslaitos, P.O. Box 40, FI-00032, Finland
| | - Jussi Virkkala
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Työterveyslaitos, P.O. Box 40, FI-00032, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, PO Box 22, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Asko Tolvanen
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Finland
| | - Mikael Sallinen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Työterveyslaitos, P.O. Box 40, FI-00032, Finland; Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Finland
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10
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Montoro L, Cendales B, Alonso F, Gonzalez-Marin A, Lijarcio I, Llamazares J, Useche SA. Essential…but also vulnerable? Work intensification, effort/reward imbalance, fatigue and psychological health of Spanish cargo drivers during the COVID-19 pandemic. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13050. [PMID: 35282283 PMCID: PMC8916026 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study investigates the combined effect of the Effort/Reward Imbalance (ERI) model of stress and work intensification within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic on the psychological health (general and work-related fatigue, and psychological strain) of cargo drivers, one of the most demanded workforces during the first year of this pandemic. Methods For this cross-sectional research, the data provided by n = 1,013 professional drivers from the different 17 autonomous communities (regions) of Spain were analyzed. Participants answered a questionnaire composed of the short version of the Effort Reward Imbalance (ERI) questionnaire, a Work Intensification Scale (WIS) designed for this study, the fatigue subscale of the Checklist Individual Strength (CIS), the Need for Recovery after Work Scale (NFR), and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Results Hierarchical regression analyses show that both (ERI and work intensification) models significantly predict driver's fatigue and psychological strain. The effect of work intensification exists above and beyond the effect of effort/reward imbalance, which has been previously related to the safety performance of cargo drivers. Conclusions These findings suggest that the ERI and work intensification models can be complementarily used, especially in scenarios introducing substantial changes in the work environment, such as the COVID-19 crisis. Also, the results of this study support the need to intervene in the working conditions of professional drivers in order to improve their psychological health and well-being during both pandemic and post-pandemic times, as crisis-related management interventions are necessary to promote health and safety in professional drivers in potentially similar contexts in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Montoro
- Research Institute on Traffic and Road Safety (INTRAS), Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Boris Cendales
- Faculty of Economic and Administrative Sciences, El Bosque University, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Francisco Alonso
- Research Institute on Traffic and Road Safety (INTRAS), Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Adela Gonzalez-Marin
- Department of Economic and Legal Sciences, University Center of Defense, Santiago del la Ribera, Spain
| | - Ignacio Lijarcio
- Research Institute on Traffic and Road Safety (INTRAS), Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Llamazares
- Department of Technology, ESIC Business and Marketing School, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Community of Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio A. Useche
- Research Institute on Traffic and Road Safety (INTRAS), Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain,Spanish Foundation for Road Safety, Madrid, Community of Madrid, Spain
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11
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Su Y, Cochrane BB, Yu SY, Reding K, Herting JR, Zaslavsky O. Fatigue in community-dwelling older adults: A review of definitions, measures, and related factors. Geriatr Nurs 2021; 43:266-279. [PMID: 34963072 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2021.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Fatigue is a common age-related symptom among community-dwelling adults aged 65 years and older. Yet, a systematic approach has rarely been applied to review definitions, measures, related factors, and consequences of fatigue in this population. A scoping review was conducted in December 2020 to fill the gap, and 36 articles met the inclusion criteria. Definitions, albeit diverse, included at least one of the following attributes: an early indicator of disablement, subjective, a lack of energy, multidimensional, impaired daily activities, and temporal. A summary of fatigue measures used in this population was provided, including a brief overview, number of items, reliability, and validity. In general, different measures were used with considerable variability in the content. Additionally, most measures had limited information on test-retest reliability and validity. Fatigue-related factors mapped into biological, psychological, social, and behavioral factors. Fatigue consequences were primarily declines in physical and cognitive functions. (100-150 words).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Su
- School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.
| | - Barbara B Cochrane
- School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Shih-Yin Yu
- School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kerryn Reding
- School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jerald R Herting
- Department of Sociology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Oleg Zaslavsky
- School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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12
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Bafna T, Hansen JP. Mental fatigue measurement using eye metrics: A systematic literature review. Psychophysiology 2021; 58:e13828. [PMID: 33825234 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mental fatigue measurement techniques utilize one or a combination of the cognitive, affective, and behavioral responses of the body. Eye-tracking and electrooculography, which are used to compute eye-based features, have gained momentum with increases in accuracy and robustness of the lightweight equipment emerging in the markets and can be used for objective and continuous assessment of mental fatigue. The main goal of this systematic review was to summarize the various eye-based features that have been used to measure mental fatigue and explore the relation of eye-based features to mental fatigue. The review process, following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses, used the electronic databases Web of Science, Scopus, ACM digital library, IEEE Xplore, and PubMed. Of the 1,385 retrieved documents, 34 studies met the inclusion criteria, resulting in 21 useful eye-based features. Categorizing these into eight groups revealed saccades as the most promising category, with saccade mean and peak velocity providing quick access to the cognitive states within 30 min of fatiguing activity. Complex brain networks involving sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems control the relation of mental fatigue to tonic pupil size and have the potential to indicate mental fatigue in controlled experimental conditions. Other categories, like blinks, are derived from the field of sleep research and should be used with caution. Several limitations emerged in the analysis, including varied experimental methods, use of dim lighting during the experiment (that could possibly also induce sleepiness), and use of unclear data analysis techniques, thereby complicating comparisons between studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Bafna
- Department of Technology, Management and Economics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - John Paulin Hansen
- Department of Technology, Management and Economics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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13
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Wise JM, Heaton K, Shattell M. Mindfulness, sleep, and post-traumatic stress in long-haul truck drivers. Work 2020; 67:103-111. [PMID: 32955477 DOI: 10.3233/wor-203256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high stress culture and demands associated with long-haul truck driving place truckers at risk for mental health and sleep disorders, and thereby, increased risk for accidents, injuries, and fatality. Hours-of-service regulations have proven insufficient as a stand-alone intervention to protect the welfare of long-haul truckers, impacting those working in the industry and those sharing our nation's roads. Interventions to increase mindfulness have been used across occupational and personal domains to improve sleep quality, mental health, awareness of the environment, and reaction time. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between sleep, mental health, health care utilization, and mindfulness in long-haul truck drivers in the United States. METHODS Participants (N = 140) were recruited to complete a web-based survey. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, and regression analysis were used to examine variables of interest. RESULTS Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptomology and daytime sleepiness predicted mental health care utilization in the past year. Mindfulness was inversely correlated with PTSD symptomology, however in the full regression model, mindfulness failed to predict mental health care utilization. CONCLUSIONS Occupational health professionals should utilize mindfulness screenings as an adjunctive component to traditional mental health screenings and refer drivers for advanced care as appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni M Wise
- School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Karen Heaton
- School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Jones AR, Hallman MG, Heaton K. Application of Bleeding Control Training in Occupational Settings. Workplace Health Saf 2019; 68:209-213. [PMID: 31735132 DOI: 10.1177/2165079919883240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Uncontrolled blood loss is a primary source of preventable death after injury. Workplace injuries and fatalities are common, with most occurring in the agricultural/fishing/forestry/hunting or transportation/warehousing industries. Stop the Bleed (STB) training provides instruction on application of bleeding control methods to injured persons and is available to the general public. Method: We provided an overview of high-risk injury industries that could benefit from STB training. We also provided a review of the application of STB training and bleeding control methods in occupational settings with an emphasis on the role of the occupational health nurse. Findings: Suggested guidelines for occupational health nurses and employees in occupational settings who may respond to injured colleagues are provided. Implications for occupational health nurses are reviewed, including implementing STB training in the workplace and obtaining/storing bleeding control supplies. Resources for STB training, purchasing and storing bleeding control supplies, and general emergency response information are provided. Conclusions/application to practice: Occupational health nurses play a crucial role in emergency response in the workplace and have the ability to drive the implementation of STB training in their institution. Occupational health nurses often work in isolation or in small teams and serve as a primary resource for treatment of injured employees. Implementation of STB training for all employees is highly recommended given the limited availability of occupational health nurses in large or rural settings. Such training may reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with workplace injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karen Heaton
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham.,Deep South Center for Occupational Health and Safety
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Alahmari MD, Alanazi TM, Batawi AA, Al-Osaimi EA, Alrabeeah S, Jebakumar Z, Olaish AH, Almeneessier AS, BaHammam AS. Sleepy driving and risk of obstructive sleep apnea among truck drivers in Saudi Arabia. TRAFFIC INJURY PREVENTION 2019; 20:498-503. [PMID: 31120335 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2019.1608975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Truck drivers represent a group at a particularly higher risk of motor vehicle accidents (MVAs). Sleepy driving and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) among truck drivers are major risk factors for MVAs. No study has assessed the prevalence of sleepy driving and risk of OSA among truck drivers in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess sleepy driving and risk of OSA among these truck drivers. Methods: This study included 338 male truck drivers working in Saudi Arabia. A validated questionnaire regarding sleepy driving and OSA was used. The questionnaire included sociodemographic assessment, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), the Berlin Questionnaire (BQ), and driving-related items. Results: The drivers had a mean age of 42.9 ± 9.7 years. The majority (94.7%) drove more than 5 h a day. A history of MVAs during the last 6 months was reported by 6.5%. Approximately 95% of the participants reported that they had accidentally fallen asleep at least once while driving over the past 6 months, and 49.7% stated that this had happened more than 5 times during the last 6 months. Based on the BQ score, a high risk of OSA was detected in 29% of the drivers. "Not getting good-quality sleep" (odds ratio [OR] = 2.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-7.75; P = .014) and driving experience from 6 to 10 years (OR = 3.37; 95% CI, 1.28-8.91; P = .034) were the only independent predictors of MVAs in the past 6 months. Conclusions: Sleepy driving and a high risk of OSA was prevalent among the study population of male truck drivers in Saudi Arabia. Not getting good-quality sleep and driving experience from 6 to 10 years contributes to the accident risk among these truck drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed D Alahmari
- a Respiratory Care Department , Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences , Damman, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Talal M Alanazi
- b Respiratory Care Department , Prince Sultan Military Medical City , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahil A Batawi
- b Respiratory Care Department , Prince Sultan Military Medical City , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad A Al-Osaimi
- b Respiratory Care Department , Prince Sultan Military Medical City , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Alrabeeah
- a Respiratory Care Department , Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences , Damman, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Zechariah Jebakumar
- a Respiratory Care Department , Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences , Damman, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Awad H Olaish
- c The University Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Aljohara S Almeneessier
- c The University Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
- d Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed S BaHammam
- c The University Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
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