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Altherr A, Bolliger C, Kaufmann M, Dyntar D, Scheinemann K, Michel G, Mader L, Roser K. Education, Employment, and Financial Outcomes in Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Survivors-A Systematic Review. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:8720-8762. [PMID: 37887531 PMCID: PMC10604989 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30100631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer face unique challenges. We aimed to describe (i) education, employment, and financial outcomes and (ii) determinants for adverse outcomes in AYA cancer survivors. We performed a systematic literature search. We included original research articles on AYA (15-39 years of age) cancer survivors (≥2 years after diagnosis) and our outcomes of interest. We narratively synthesized the results of the included articles. We included 35 articles (24 quantitative and 11 qualitative studies). Patients in education had to interrupt their education during cancer treatment, and re-entry after treatment was challenging. After treatment, most survivors were employed but started their employment at an older age than the general population. Overall, no disadvantages in income were found. Survivors reported more absent workdays than comparisons. We identified chemotherapy, radiotherapy, late effects or health problems, female sex, migration background, and lower education associated with adverse outcomes. Although most AYA cancer survivors were able to re-enter education and employment, they reported difficulties with re-entry and delays in their employment pathway. To facilitate successful re-entry, age-tailored support services should be developed and implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelia Altherr
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Alpenquai 4, 6005 Lucerne, Switzerland; (A.A.); (C.B.); (D.D.); (K.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Céline Bolliger
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Alpenquai 4, 6005 Lucerne, Switzerland; (A.A.); (C.B.); (D.D.); (K.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Michaela Kaufmann
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Alpenquai 4, 6005 Lucerne, Switzerland; (A.A.); (C.B.); (D.D.); (K.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Daniela Dyntar
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Alpenquai 4, 6005 Lucerne, Switzerland; (A.A.); (C.B.); (D.D.); (K.S.); (G.M.)
- Cancer Registry of Central Switzerland, 6000 Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Scheinemann
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Alpenquai 4, 6005 Lucerne, Switzerland; (A.A.); (C.B.); (D.D.); (K.S.); (G.M.)
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, 9006 St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster Children’s Hospital and McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Gisela Michel
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Alpenquai 4, 6005 Lucerne, Switzerland; (A.A.); (C.B.); (D.D.); (K.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Luzius Mader
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland;
- Cancer Registry Bern-Solothurn, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Roser
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Alpenquai 4, 6005 Lucerne, Switzerland; (A.A.); (C.B.); (D.D.); (K.S.); (G.M.)
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Ghazal LV, Merriman JD, Santacroce SJ, Fletcher J, Wright F, Dickson VV. Profiles of Work and Quality of Life among Young Adult Cancer Survivors. West J Nurs Res 2023; 45:293-305. [PMID: 36529990 DOI: 10.1177/01939459221120742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Work ability, or the perception of one's ability to work presently and in the future, may impact quality of life (QOL) among young adult (YA) cancer survivors. Through a convergent mixed methods design, we explored work ability, work-related goals, and QOL among YA hematologic cancer survivors within five years of diagnosis. We described associations at the individual- and microsystem (work)- levels; and compared factors across low and high work ability groups. Participants (N = 40) completed a survey and interview via digital platforms. Qualitative analysis revealed self-assessed declines in work ability led to questioning work-related goals and influenced QOL. Integrated analysis led to the development of four profiles, growing our understanding of work's influence on QOL for YA cancer survivors, and identifying components YAs considered when contemplating work-related goals after a cancer diagnosis. Larger studies are needed to elucidate these profiles and identify modifiable factors to inform targeted interventions to improve QOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren V Ghazal
- School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - John D Merriman
- Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Jason Fletcher
- Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fay Wright
- Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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Davis EL, Clarke KS, Patterson P, Cohen J. Using Intervention Mapping to Develop an Education and Career Support Service for Adolescents and Young Adults Diagnosed with Cancer: Identification of the Contextual Factors That Influence Participation in Education and Employment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4590. [PMID: 36230511 PMCID: PMC9561995 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) diagnosed with cancer experience disrupted engagement in education and employment, which can have profound and long-term impacts on their quality of life. It is therefore vital to offer AYAs access to tailored, evidence-based services to help them to achieve their education and employment goals. However, few such services exist for this population. This paper presents the results from the first step in developing an education and career support service for AYAs diagnosed with cancer using Intervention Mapping. This first step involved developing a logic model that describes the influences of health and demographic factors, individual determinants, behaviours, and environmental conditions on AYA participation in education or employment. The logic model was developed by integrating data from an integrative literature review; cross-sectional survey of AYA clients of a community-based organisation; and feedback from a planning group of stakeholders. It is a valuable framework that will be used to direct the focus of the education and career support service for AYAs diagnosed with cancer. More broadly, the logic model has implications for guiding clinical, service, research, and policy improvements for AYA education, employment, and career support, with the aim of improving AYA quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pandora Patterson
- Canteen, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jennifer Cohen
- Canteen, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
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Nishikido N, Yoshikawa E, Sasaki M, Sudo J, Mochizuki M, Ito M, Watai I. Support for balancing cancer treatment and work by occupational health nurses: support structures and implementation status. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2020; 58:354-365. [PMID: 32062626 PMCID: PMC7417504 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2019-0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to quantitatively grasp the structure of support for balancing cancer treatment and work among occupational health nurses (OHNs) with the current implementation status. The anonymous questionnaire was designed based on the findings of our previous qualitative study and distributed to OHNs. The degrees of support implementation for workers with cancer, superiors and colleagues, and human resource managers were assessed for each item. Factor analysis of support items was conducted, and Wilcoxon signed-rank test was carried out to compare the support scores between the factors. Support for workers with cancer comprised six factors in which the factor, concerning the provision of information regarding resources inside and outside the company, showed the lowest score. Support for superiors and colleagues was divided into three factors, and that for human resource managers comprised two factors. By Mann-Whitney's U-test, it was found that OHNs, who worked without full-time occupational health physicians for smaller companies, showed significantly higher implementation for several support factors, such as support to human resource managers. This study revealed the structure as well as implementation status of OHNs' support for balancing cancer treatment and work, which will provide suggestions for developing training programs for OHNs to promote these activities.
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Nishikido N, Sasaki M, Yoshikawa E, Ito M. Development and evaluation of a training program for occupational health nurses regarding support for workers with cancer and their workplaces. J Occup Health 2019; 61:489-497. [PMID: 31309684 PMCID: PMC6842007 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to develop and evaluate a training program for occupational health nurses (OHNs) regarding support for workers with cancer and their workplaces. Methods Based on our prior research, we engaged in multiple discussions on the development of training program for OHNs. For examining the effectiveness of the developed training program, we collected and analyzed the data from three repeated surveys conducted before, immediately after, and 3 months after the training on self‐confidence levels of the participants regarding 23 items associated with support for workers with cancer and their workplaces. Results We made a 3‐hour training program including a lecture and a group work. First, we gave a lecture explaining the support scheme consisting of 4 parts and the 12 hints in action phrase while using the guidebook. Second, we conducted the group work regarding the case of a female worker diagnosed with breast cancer. Of the participants who supported workers with cancer in actuality during the 3‐month post‐training, 86% acknowledged the utility of the training in implementing support. As for the pre‐post evaluation of the training program, most items of the participants’ self‐confidence significantly increased from pretraining to immediately after and 3 months post‐training. Discussion This study demonstrated that the developed training program was effective in that the participants learned the support schemes and skills and gained self‐confidence in implementing supports in real‐work settings. We hope that this training program will be extensively used in the future, enabling OHNs to contribute toward balancing cancer treatment and work.
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