1
|
Thitirungreangchai T, Roytrakul S, Aunpad R. Deciphering the Intracellular Action of the Antimicrobial Peptide A11 via an In-Depth Analysis of Its Effect on the Global Proteome of Acinetobacter baumannii. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:2795-2813. [PMID: 39075773 PMCID: PMC11320580 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
The potential antimicrobial activity and low propensity to induce the development of bacterial resistance have rendered antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as novel and ideal candidate therapeutic agents for the treatment of infections caused by drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria. The targeting of bacterial membranes by AMPs has been typically considered their sole mode of action; however, increasing evidence supports the existence of multiple and complementary functions of AMPs that result in bacterial death. An in-depth characterization of their mechanism of action could facilitate further research and development of AMPs with higher potency. The current study employs biophysics and proteomics approaches to unveil the mechanisms underlying the antibacterial activity of A11, a potential candidate AMP, against Acinetobacter baumannii, a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) and consequently, a serious global threat. A11 peptide was found to induce membrane depolarization to a high extent, as revealed by flow cytometry and electron microscopy analyses. The prompt intracellular penetration of A11 peptide, observed using confocal microscopy, was found to occur concomitantly with a very low degree of membrane lysis, suggesting that its mode of action predominantly involves a nonlytic killing mechanism. Quantitative proteomics analysis employed for obtaining insights into the mechanisms underlying the antimicrobial activity of A11 peptide revealed that it disrupted energy metabolism, interfered with protein homeostasis, and inhibited fatty acid synthesis that is essential for cell membrane integrity; all these impacted the cellular functions of A. baumannii. A11 treatment also impacted signal transduction associated with the regulation of biofilm formation, hindered the stress response, and influenced DNA repair processes; these are all crucial survival mechanisms of A. baumannii. Additionally, robust antibacterial activity was exhibited by A11 peptide against multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) clinical isolates of A. baumannii; moreover, A11 peptide exhibited synergy with levofloxacin and minocycline as well as low propensity for inducing resistance. Taken together, the findings emphasize the therapeutic potential of A11 peptide as an antibacterial agent against drug-resistant A. baumannii and underscore the need for further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thanit Thitirungreangchai
- Graduate
Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Functional
Proteomics Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering
and Biotechnology, National Science and
Technology Development Agency, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Ratchaneewan Aunpad
- Graduate
Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shatat AAS, Mahgoup EM, Rashed MH, Saleh IG, Akool ES. Molecular mechanisms of extracellular-ATP-mediated colorectal cancer progression: Implication of purinergic receptors-mediated nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of HuR. Purinergic Signal 2024:10.1007/s11302-024-10021-2. [PMID: 38801618 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-024-10021-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide is colorectal cancer (CRC). Extracellular ATP (e-ATP) and purinergic receptors (P2R) play a central role in CRC proliferation and progression. Human antigen R (HuR) is becoming more and more understood to be essential for the expression of genes linked to cancer. The current study demonstrates that ATP can mediate CRC (Caco-2 cells) progression via induction of HuR nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and subsequent expression of cancer-related genes, a consequence mostly mediated via the P2R receptor. It was also noted that suppression of HuR activity by using dihydrotanshinone I (DHTS) prevents cancer-related gene expression and subsequent CRC (Caco-2 cells) progression induced by ATP. The expression of cyclin A2/cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), Bcl-2, ProT-α, hypoxia-inducible factor1-α (HIF1-α), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) induced by ATP were highly reduced in the presence of either PPADS (non-selective P2R antagonist) or DHTS. In addition, e-ATP-induced Caco-2 cell proliferation as well as cell survival were highly reduced in the presence of either PPADS or DHTS or selective CDK-2 inhibitor (Roscovitine) or selective Bcl-2 inhibitor (ABT-263). Furthermore, it was found that MMP-9 is critical for Caco-2 cells migration induced by e-ATP as demonstrated by a clear reduction in cells migration in the presence of a selective MMP-9 inhibitor (Marimastat). Collectively, these data demonstrate that ATP through P2R activation can induce HuR nucleocytoplasmic shuttling that could be translated into an increase in cancer-related genes expression and subsequent, cell proliferation and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-Aziz S Shatat
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Elsayed M Mahgoup
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed H Rashed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim G Saleh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Kantra, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - El-Sayed Akool
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nesci S, Romeo G. H+-slip correlated to rotor free-wheeling as cause of F 1F O-ATPase dysfunction in primary mitochondrial disorders. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:1183-1188. [PMID: 38167815 DOI: 10.1002/med.22013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Inborn errors of metabolism are related to mitochondrial disorders caused by dysfunction of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system. Congenital hypermetabolism in the infant is a rare disease belonging to Luft syndrome, nonthyroidal hypermetabolism, arising from a singular example of a defect in OXPHOS. The mitochondria lose coupling of mitochondrial substrates oxidation from the ADP phosphorylation. Since Luft syndrome is due to uncoupled cell respiration responsible for deficient in ATP production that originates in the respiratory complexes, a de novo heterozygous variant in the catalytic subunit of mitochondrial F1FO-ATPase arises as the main cause of an autosomal dominant syndrome of hypermetabolism associated with dysfunction in ATP production, which does not involve the respiratory complexes. The F1FO-ATPase works as an embedded molecular machine with a rotary action using two different motor engines. The FO, which is an integral domain in the membrane, dissipates the chemical potential difference for H+, a proton motive force (Δp), across the inner membrane to generate a torsion. The F1 domain-the hydrophilic portion responsible for ATP turnover-is powered by the molecular rotary action to synthesize ATP. The structural and functional coupling of F1 and FO domains support the energy transduction for ATP synthesis. The dissipation of Δp by means of an H+ slip correlated to rotor free-wheeling of the F1FO-ATPase has been discovered to cause enzyme dysfunction in primary mitochondrial disorders. In this insight, we try to offer commentary and analysis of the molecular mechanism in these impaired mitochondria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Nesci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Romeo
- Medical Genetics Unit, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li Y, Zhang M, Li Y, Shen Y, Wang X, Li X, Wang Y, Yu T, Lv J, Qin Y. Flagellar hook protein FlgE promotes macrophage activation and atherosclerosis by targeting ATP5B. Atherosclerosis 2024; 390:117429. [PMID: 38278062 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) infections are strongly linked to the development of cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We previously confirmed that the flagellar hook protein FlgE in P. aeruginosa has immunostimulatory effects. This study investigated the effects and mechanisms of action of FlgE on atherogenesis. METHODS ApoE-/- mice were intravenously challenged with FlgE or FlgEM recombinant proteins for eight weeks. A murine model of chronic lung colonization was established using beads containing either mutable- or wild-type bacteria. Aortic sinus sections were stained to assess atherosclerosis progression. THP-1 macrophages exposed to FlgE or FlgEM were evaluated for their effects on lipid uptake and inflammation in vitro. Western blotting and pull-down assays were used to identify the binding proteins and signaling pathways involved, and specific blocking experiments were performed to confirm these effects. RESULTS FlgE accelerated atherosclerosis progression by triggering lipid deposition and inflammatory responses in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed ApoE-/- mice. In comparison to infection with wild-type PAO1, infection with PAO1/flgEΔBmF resulted in reduced atherosclerosis. Mechanistic analysis indicated that FlgE exacerbated lipoprotein uptake and foam cell formation by upregulating SR-A1 expression. Moreover, FlgE activated NF-κB and MAPK signaling, which subsequently led to inflammatory responses in THP-1-derived macrophages. Pull-down assays revealed that FlgE directly interacted with ATP5B, whereas blocking ATP5B attenuated FlgE-induced responses in macrophages. CONCLUSIONS FlgE induces macrophage lipid uptake and pro-inflammatory responses mediated by ATP5B/NF-kB/AP-1 signaling, which eventually results in atherosclerosis. These findings support the development of therapeutic strategies for P. aeruginosa infection-induced atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Laboratory Examination, People's Hospital of Rizhao City, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Rizhao, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Examination, People's Hospital of Rizhao City, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Rizhao, China
| | - Yanmeng Li
- Department of Laboratory Examination, People's Hospital of Rizhao City, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Rizhao, China
| | - Ying Shen
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College, Suchow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Department of Laboratory Examination, People's Hospital of Rizhao City, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Rizhao, China
| | - Xiaolu Li
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 266000, China
| | - Yiqiang Wang
- Wisdom Lake Academy of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, China.
| | - Jie Lv
- Department of Laboratory Examination, People's Hospital of Rizhao City, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Rizhao, China.
| | - Yan Qin
- Department of Laboratory Examination, People's Hospital of Rizhao City, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Rizhao, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Verma A, Naik B, Kumar V, Mishra S, Choudhary M, Khan JM, Gupta AK, Pandey P, Rustagi S, Kakati B, Gupta S. Revolutionizing Tuberculosis Treatment: Uncovering New Drugs and Breakthrough Inhibitors to Combat Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:2369-2385. [PMID: 37944023 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a global health threat that causes significant mortality. This review explores chemotherapeutics that target essential processes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, such as DNA replication, protein synthesis, cell wall formation, energy metabolism, and proteolysis. We emphasize the need for new drugs to treat drug-resistant strains and shorten the treatment duration. Emerging targets and promising inhibitors were identified by examining the intricate biology of TB. This review provides an overview of recent developments in the search for anti-TB drugs with a focus on newly validated targets and inhibitors. We aimed to contribute to efforts to combat TB and improve therapeutic outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Verma
- Himalayan School of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Jolly Grant, Dehradun 248016, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Bindu Naik
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Bell Road, Clement Town, Dehradun 248002, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Himalayan School of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Jolly Grant, Dehradun 248016, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sadhna Mishra
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, GLA University, Mathura 281406, UP, India
| | - Megha Choudhary
- Himalayan School of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Jolly Grant, Dehradun 248016, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Javed Masood Khan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arun Kumar Gupta
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Bell Road, Clement Town, Dehradun 248002, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Piyush Pandey
- Department of Microbiology, Assam University, Silchur 788011, Assam, India
| | - Sarvesh Rustagi
- Department of Food Technology, UCALS, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Barnali Kakati
- Department of Microbiology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Jolly Grant, Dehradun 248016, U.K., India
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Himalayan School of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Jolly Grant, Dehradun 248016, Uttarakhand, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nikolaou PE, Lambrinidis G, Georgiou M, Karagiannis D, Efentakis P, Bessis-Lazarou P, Founta K, Kampoukos S, Konstantin V, Palmeira CM, Davidson SM, Lougiakis N, Marakos P, Pouli N, Mikros E, Andreadou I. Hydrolytic Activity of Mitochondrial F 1F O-ATP Synthase as a Target for Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: Discovery and In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Novel Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2023; 66:15115-15140. [PMID: 37943012 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
F1FO-ATP synthase is the mitochondrial complex responsible for ATP production. During myocardial ischemia, it reverses its activity, hydrolyzing ATP and leading to energetic deficit and cardiac injury. We aimed to discover novel inhibitors of ATP hydrolysis, accessing the druggability of the target within ischemia(I)/reperfusion(R) injury. New molecular scaffolds were revealed using ligand-based virtual screening methods. Fifty-five compounds were tested on isolated murine heart mitochondria and H9c2 cells for their inhibitory activity. A pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine hit structure was identified and optimized in a hit-to-lead process synthesizing nine novel derivatives. Three derivatives significantly inhibited ATP hydrolysis in vitro, while in vivo, they reduced myocardial infarct size (IS). The novel compound 31 was the most effective in reducing IS, validating that inhibition of F1FO-ATP hydrolytic activity can serve as a target for cardioprotection during ischemia. Further examination of signaling pathways revealed that the cardioprotection mechanism is related to the increased ATP content in the ischemic myocardium and increased phosphorylation of PKA and phospholamban, leading to the reduction of apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota-Efstathia Nikolaou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - George Lambrinidis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Georgiou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Karagiannis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Efentakis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Pavlos Bessis-Lazarou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantina Founta
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Stavros Kampoukos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Vasilis Konstantin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Carlos M Palmeira
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, WC1E 6HX London, United Kingdom
| | - Nikolaos Lougiakis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Marakos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Nicole Pouli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanuel Mikros
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
- Athena Research and Innovation Center in Information Communication & Knowledge Technologies, 15125 Marousi, Greece
| | - Ioanna Andreadou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Okoye CN, Koren SA, Wojtovich AP. Mitochondrial complex I ROS production and redox signaling in hypoxia. Redox Biol 2023; 67:102926. [PMID: 37871533 PMCID: PMC10598411 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are a main source of cellular energy. Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is the major process of aerobic respiration. Enzyme complexes of the electron transport chain (ETC) pump protons to generate a protonmotive force (Δp) that drives OXPHOS. Complex I is an electron entry point into the ETC. Complex I oxidizes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and transfers electrons to ubiquinone in a reaction coupled with proton pumping. Complex I also produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) under various conditions. The enzymatic activities of complex I can be regulated by metabolic conditions and serves as a regulatory node of the ETC. Complex I ROS plays diverse roles in cell metabolism ranging from physiologic to pathologic conditions. Progress in our understanding indicates that ROS release from complex I serves important signaling functions. Increasing evidence suggests that complex I ROS is important in signaling a mismatch in energy production and demand. In this article, we review the role of ROS from complex I in sensing acute hypoxia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chidozie N Okoye
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Shon A Koren
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Andrew P Wojtovich
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lai Y, Zhang Y, Zhou S, Xu J, Du Z, Feng Z, Yu L, Zhao Z, Wang W, Tang Y, Yang X, Guddat LW, Liu F, Gao Y, Rao Z, Gong H. Structure of the human ATP synthase. Mol Cell 2023:S1097-2765(23)00324-6. [PMID: 37244256 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Biological energy currency ATP is produced by F1Fo-ATP synthase. However, the molecular mechanism for human ATP synthase action remains unknown. Here, we present snapshot images for three main rotational states and one substate of human ATP synthase using cryoelectron microscopy. These structures reveal that the release of ADP occurs when the β subunit of F1Fo-ATP synthase is in the open conformation, showing how ADP binding is coordinated during synthesis. The accommodation of the symmetry mismatch between F1 and Fo motors is resolved by the torsional flexing of the entire complex, especially the γ subunit, and the rotational substep of the c subunit. Water molecules are identified in the inlet and outlet half-channels, suggesting that the proton transfer in these two half-channels proceed via a Grotthus mechanism. Clinically relevant mutations are mapped to the structure, showing that they are mainly located at the subunit-subunit interfaces, thus causing instability of the complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuezheng Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Institute for Immunology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yuying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Institute for Immunology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jinxu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Institute for Immunology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhanqiang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Institute for Immunology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ziyan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Institute for Immunology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Long Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Institute for Immunology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ziqing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Institute for Immunology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yanting Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiuna Yang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Luke W Guddat
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Fengjiang Liu
- Innovative Center for Pathogen Research, Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China.
| | - Yan Gao
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Zihe Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; Innovative Center for Pathogen Research, Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China; National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China; Laboratory of Structural Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Hongri Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Institute for Immunology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shrestha RK, Founds MW, Shepard SJ, Rothrock MM, Defnet AE, Steed PR. Mutational analysis of a conserved positive charge in the c-ring of E. coli ATP synthase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2023; 1864:148962. [PMID: 36822493 PMCID: PMC9998364 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2023.148962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
F1Fo ATP synthase is a ubiquitous molecular motor that utilizes a rotary mechanism to synthesize adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the fundamental energy currency of life. The membrane-embedded Fo motor converts the electrochemical gradient of protons into rotation, which is then used to drive the conformational changes in the soluble F1 motor that catalyze ATP synthesis. In E. coli, the Fo motor is composed of a c10 ring (rotor) alongside subunit a (stator), which together provide two aqueous half channels that facilitate proton translocation. Previous work has suggested that Arg50 and Thr51 on the cytoplasmic side of each subunit c are involved in the proton translocation process, and positive charge is conserved in this region of subunit c. To further investigate the role of these residues and the chemical requirements for activity at these positions, we generated 13 substitution mutants and assayed their in vitro ATP synthesis, H+ pumping, and passive H+ permeability activities, as well as the ability of mutants to carry out oxidative phosphorylation in vivo. While polar and hydrophobic mutations were generally tolerated in either position, introduction of negative charge or removal of polarity caused a substantial defect. We discuss the possible effects of altered electrostatics on the interaction between the rotor and stator, water structure in the aqueous channel, and interaction of the rotor with cardiolipin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi K Shrestha
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Asheville, One University Heights, Asheville, NC 28804, United States of America
| | - Michael W Founds
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Asheville, One University Heights, Asheville, NC 28804, United States of America
| | - Sam J Shepard
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Asheville, One University Heights, Asheville, NC 28804, United States of America
| | - Mallory M Rothrock
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Asheville, One University Heights, Asheville, NC 28804, United States of America
| | - Amy E Defnet
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Asheville, One University Heights, Asheville, NC 28804, United States of America
| | - P Ryan Steed
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Asheville, One University Heights, Asheville, NC 28804, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Algieri V, Algieri C, Costanzo P, Fiorani G, Jiritano A, Olivito F, Tallarida MA, Trombetti F, Maiuolo L, De Nino A, Nesci S. Novel Regioselective Synthesis of 1,3,4,5-Tetrasubstituted Pyrazoles and Biochemical Valuation on F 1F O-ATPase and Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore Formation. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:498. [PMID: 36839821 PMCID: PMC9967880 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
An efficient, eco-compatible, and very cheap method for the construction of fully substituted pyrazoles (Pzs) via eliminative nitrilimine-alkene 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (ENAC) reaction was developed in excellent yield and high regioselectivity. Enaminones and nitrilimines generated in situ were selected as dipolarophiles and dipoles, respectively. A deep screening of the employed base, solvent, and temperature was carried out to optimize reaction conditions. Recycling tests of ionic liquid were performed, furnishing efficient performance until six cycles. Finally, a plausible mechanism of cycloaddition was proposed. Then, the effect of three different structures of Pzs was evaluated on the F1FO-ATPase activity and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening. The Pz derivatives' titration curves of 6a, 6h, and 6o on the F1FO-ATPase showed a reduced activity of 86%, 35%, and 31%, respectively. Enzyme inhibition analysis depicted an uncompetitive mechanism with the typical formation of the tertiary complex enzyme-substrate-inhibitor (ESI). The dissociation constant of the ESI complex (Ki') in the presence of the 6a had a lower order of magnitude than other Pzs. The pyrazole core might set the specific mechanism of inhibition with the F1FO-ATPase, whereas specific functional groups of Pzs might modulate the binding affinity. The mPTP opening decreased in Pz-treated mitochondria and the Pzs' inhibitory effect on the mPTP was concentration-dependent with 6a and 6o. Indeed, the mPTP was more efficiently blocked with 0.1 mM 6a than with 1 mM 6a. On the contrary, 1 mM 6o had stronger desensitization of mPTP formation than 0.1 mM 6o. The F1FO-ATPase is a target of Pzs blocking mPTP formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Algieri
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 12C, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Cristina Algieri
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Mitochondrial Biochemistry Lab, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Paola Costanzo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 12C, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Giulia Fiorani
- Department Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia Mestre, VE, Italy
| | - Antonio Jiritano
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 12C, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Olivito
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 12C, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Matteo Antonio Tallarida
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 12C, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Fabiana Trombetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Mitochondrial Biochemistry Lab, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Loredana Maiuolo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 12C, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Antonio De Nino
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 12C, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Salvatore Nesci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Mitochondrial Biochemistry Lab, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nesci S. Bacterial and mammalian F1FO-ATPase: Structural similarities and divergences to exploit in the battle against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
12
|
Cofas-Vargas LF, Mendoza-Espinosa P, Avila-Barrientos LP, Prada-Gracia D, Riveros-Rosas H, García-Hernández E. Exploring the druggability of the binding site of aurovertin, an exogenous allosteric inhibitor of FOF1-ATP synthase. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1012008. [PMID: 36313289 PMCID: PMC9615146 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1012008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to playing a central role in the mitochondria as the main producer of ATP, FOF1-ATP synthase performs diverse key regulatory functions in the cell membrane. Its malfunction has been linked to a growing number of human diseases, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, cancer, and some neurodegenerative, autoimmune, and aging diseases. Furthermore, inhibition of this enzyme jeopardizes the survival of several bacterial pathogens of public health concern. Therefore, FOF1-ATP synthase has emerged as a novel drug target both to treat human diseases and to combat antibiotic resistance. In this work, we carried out a computational characterization of the binding sites of the fungal antibiotic aurovertin in the bovine F1 subcomplex, which shares a large identity with the human enzyme. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that although the binding sites can be described as preformed, the inhibitor hinders inter-subunit communications and exerts long-range effects on the dynamics of the catalytic site residues. End-point binding free energy calculations revealed hot spot residues for aurovertin recognition. These residues were also relevant to stabilize solvent sites determined from mixed-solvent molecular dynamics, which mimic the interaction between aurovertin and the enzyme, and could be used as pharmacophore constraints in virtual screening campaigns. To explore the possibility of finding species-specific inhibitors targeting the aurovertin binding site, we performed free energy calculations for two bacterial enzymes with experimentally solved 3D structures. Finally, an analysis of bacterial sequences was carried out to determine conservation of the aurovertin binding site. Taken together, our results constitute a first step in paving the way for structure-based development of new allosteric drugs targeting FOF1-ATP synthase sites of exogenous inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Fernando Cofas-Vargas
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Química, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Paola Mendoza-Espinosa
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Química, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, The Institute for Obesity Research, Monterrey, Mexico
| | | | - Diego Prada-Gracia
- Unidad de Investigación en Biología Computacional y Diseño de Fármacos, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Héctor Riveros-Rosas
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Cd. Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Enrique García-Hernández
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Química, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Enrique García-Hernández,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nath S. Supercomplex supercomplexes: Raison d’etre and functional significance of supramolecular organization in oxidative phosphorylation. Biomol Concepts 2022; 13:272-288. [DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2022-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Following structural determination by recent advances in electron cryomicroscopy, it is now well established that the respiratory Complexes I–IV in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) are organized into supercomplexes in the respirasome. Nonetheless, the reason for the existence of the OXPHOS supercomplexes and their functional role remains an enigma. Several hypotheses have been proposed for the existence of these supercomplex supercomplexes. A commonly-held view asserts that they enhance catalysis by substrate channeling. However, this – and other views – has been challenged based on structural and biophysical information. Hence, new ideas, concepts, and frameworks are needed. Here, a new model of energy transfer in OXPHOS is developed on the basis of biochemical data on the pure competitive inhibition of anionic substrates like succinate by the classical anionic uncouplers of OXPHOS (2,4-dinitrophenol, carbonyl cyanide 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone, and dicoumarol), and pharmacological data on the unique site-selective, energy-linked inhibition of energy conservation pathways in mitochondria induced by the guanidine derivatives. It is further found that uncouplers themselves are site-specific and exhibit differential selectivity and efficacy in reversing the inhibition caused by the Site 1/Complex I or Site 2/Complexes II–III-selective guanidine derivatives. These results lead to new vistas and sufficient complexity in the network of energy conservation pathways in the mitochondrial respiratory chain that necessitate discrete points of interaction with two classes of guanidine derivatives and uncoupling agents and thereby separate and distinct energy transfer pathways between Site 1 and Site 2 and the intermediate that energizes adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis by Complex V. Interpretation based on Mitchell’s single-ion chemiosmotic theory that postulates only a single energy pool is inadequate to rationalize the data and account for the required complexity. The above results and available information are shown to be explained by Nath’s two-ion theory of energy coupling and ATP synthesis, involving coupled movement of succinate anions and protons, along with the requirement postulated by the theory for maintenance of homeostasis and ion translocation across the energy-transducing membrane of both succinate monoanions and succinate dianions by Complexes I–V in the OXPHOS supercomplexes. The new model of energy transfer in mitochondria is mapped onto the solved structures of the supercomplexes and integrated into a consistent model with the three-dimensional electron microscope computer tomography visualization of the internal structure of the cristae membranes in mammalian mitochondria. The model also offers valuable insights into diseased states induced in type 2 diabetes and especially in Alzheimer’s and other neurodegenerative diseases that involve mitochondrial dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Nath
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi , Hauz Khas , New Delhi 110016 , India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Computational Design of Inhibitors Targeting the Catalytic β Subunit of Escherichia coli FOF1-ATP Synthase. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11050557. [PMID: 35625201 PMCID: PMC9138118 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11050557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
With the uncontrolled growth of multidrug-resistant bacteria, there is an urgent need to search for new therapeutic targets, to develop drugs with novel modes of bactericidal action. FoF1-ATP synthase plays a crucial role in bacterial bioenergetic processes, and it has emerged as an attractive antimicrobial target, validated by the pharmaceutical approval of an inhibitor to treat multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. In this work, we aimed to design, through two types of in silico strategies, new allosteric inhibitors of the ATP synthase, by targeting the catalytic β subunit, a centerpiece in communication between rotor subunits and catalytic sites, to drive the rotary mechanism. As a model system, we used the F1 sector of Escherichia coli, a bacterium included in the priority list of multidrug-resistant pathogens. Drug-like molecules and an IF1-derived peptide, designed through molecular dynamics simulations and sequence mining approaches, respectively, exhibited in vitro micromolar inhibitor potency against F1. An analysis of bacterial and Mammalia sequences of the key structural helix-turn-turn motif of the C-terminal domain of the β subunit revealed highly and moderately conserved positions that could be exploited for the development of new species-specific allosteric inhibitors. To our knowledge, these inhibitors are the first binders computationally designed against the catalytic subunit of FOF1-ATP synthase.
Collapse
|
15
|
Algieri C, Bernardini C, Oppedisano F, La Mantia D, Trombetti F, Palma E, Forni M, Mollace V, Romeo G, Nesci S. Mitochondria Bioenergetic Functions and Cell Metabolism Are Modulated by the Bergamot Polyphenolic Fraction. Cells 2022; 11:1401. [PMID: 35563707 PMCID: PMC9099917 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The bergamot polyphenolic fraction (BPF) was evaluated in the F1FO-ATPase activity of swine heart mitochondria. In the presence of a concentration higher than 50 µg/mL BPF, the ATPase activity of F1FO-ATPase, dependent on the natural cofactor Mg2+, increased by 15%, whereas the enzyme activity in the presence of Ca2+ was inhibited by 10%. By considering this opposite BPF effect, the F1FO-ATPase activity involved in providing ATP synthesis in oxidative phosphorylation and triggering mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) formation has been evaluated. The BPF improved the catalytic coupling of oxidative phosphorylation in the presence of a substrate at the first phosphorylation site, boosting the respiratory control ratios (state 3/state 4) by 25% and 85% with 50 µg/mL and 100 µg/mL BPF, respectively. Conversely, the substrate at the second phosphorylation site led to the improvement of the state 3/state 4 ratios by 15% only with 100 µg/mL BPF. Moreover, the BPF carried out its beneficial effect on the mPTP phenomenon by desensitizing the pore opening. The acute effect of the BPF on the metabolism of porcine aortica endothelial cells (pAECs) showed an ATP rate index greater than one, which points out a prevailing mitochondrial oxidative metabolism with respect to the glycolytic pathway, and this ratio rose by about three times with 100 µg/mL BPF. Consistently, the mitochondrial ATP turnover, in addition to the basal and maximal respiration, were higher in the presence of the BPF than in the controls, and the MTT test revealed an increase in cell viability with a BPF concentration above 200 µg/mL. Therefore, the molecule mixture of the BPF aims to ensure good performance of the mitochondrial bioenergetic parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Algieri
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy; (C.A.); (C.B.); (D.L.M.); (F.T.); (M.F.); (S.N.)
| | - Chiara Bernardini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy; (C.A.); (C.B.); (D.L.M.); (F.T.); (M.F.); (S.N.)
| | - Francesca Oppedisano
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Debora La Mantia
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy; (C.A.); (C.B.); (D.L.M.); (F.T.); (M.F.); (S.N.)
| | - Fabiana Trombetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy; (C.A.); (C.B.); (D.L.M.); (F.T.); (M.F.); (S.N.)
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Monica Forni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy; (C.A.); (C.B.); (D.L.M.); (F.T.); (M.F.); (S.N.)
- Health Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Romeo
- Department Gynecological, Obstetrical and Pediatric Sciences, Medical Genetics Unit, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Salvatore Nesci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy; (C.A.); (C.B.); (D.L.M.); (F.T.); (M.F.); (S.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Umbrasas D, Arandarcikaite O, Grigaleviciute R, Stakauskas R, Borutaite V. Neuroprotective Effect of a Novel ATP-Synthase Inhibitor Bedaquiline in Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9717. [PMID: 34575875 PMCID: PMC8472139 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction during ischemic stroke ultimately manifests as ATP depletion. Mitochondrial ATP synthase upon loss of mitochondrial membrane potential during ischemia rapidly hydrolyses ATP and thus contributes to ATP depletion. Increasing evidence suggests that inhibition of ATP synthase limits ATP depletion and is protective against ischemic tissue damage. Bedaquiline (BDQ) is an anti-microbial agent, approved for clinical use, that inhibits ATP synthase of Mycobacteria; however recently it has been shown to act on mitochondrial ATP synthase, inhibiting both ATP synthesis and hydrolysis in low micromolar concentrations. In this study, we investigated whether preconditioning with BDQ can alleviate ischemia/reperfusion-induced brain injury in Wistar rats after middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion and whether it affects mitochondrial functions. We found that BDQ was effective in limiting necrosis and neurological dysfunction during ischemia-reperfusion. BDQ also caused inhibition of ATPase activity, mild uncoupling of respiration, and stimulated mitochondrial respiration both in healthy and ischemic mitochondria. Mitochondrial calcium retention capacity was unaffected by BDQ preconditioning. We concluded that BDQ has neuroprotective properties associated with its action on mitochondrial respiration and ATPase activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielius Umbrasas
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (O.A.); (V.B.)
| | - Odeta Arandarcikaite
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (O.A.); (V.B.)
| | - Ramune Grigaleviciute
- Biological Research Center, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (R.G.); (R.S.)
| | - Rimantas Stakauskas
- Biological Research Center, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (R.G.); (R.S.)
| | - Vilmante Borutaite
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (O.A.); (V.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Montivipera bornmuelleri Venom: Inhibitory Effect on Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli F1F0-ATPases and Cytotoxicity on HCT116 Cancer Cell Lines. SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sci3030031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we pursued the biological characterization of the venom of Montivipera bornmuelleri, a viper from the Lebanese mountains. In relation to its antibacterial potential, the inhibitory effect of this venom on the F1F0-ATPase enzymes of Gram-positive Staphylocoocus epidermidis and Gram-negative Escherichia coli bacteria was examined. In order to determine the degree of cytotoxicity of the venom on the HCT116 human colon cancer cell lines, the biological MTT proliferation and cell viability test were implemented. After validation of the enzymatic F1F0-ATPase model by the spectrophotometric method, using quercetin as the reference ligand, results revealed that M. bornmuelleri venom is able to inhibit the activity of the enzyme of these two bacteria with a concentration of the order of 100–150 µg/mL. In addition, a venom concentration of 10 µg/mL was sufficient to kill the totality of HCT116 cell lines cultivated in vitro. These data show that M. bornmuelleri venom is a mixture of diverse molecules presenting activities of interest, and is a potential source to explore in order to discover new drug candidates.
Collapse
|
18
|
Nesci S, Trombetti F, Pagliarani A, Ventrella V, Algieri C, Tioli G, Lenaz G. Molecular and Supramolecular Structure of the Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation System: Implications for Pathology. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:242. [PMID: 33804034 PMCID: PMC7999509 DOI: 10.3390/life11030242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Under aerobic conditions, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) converts the energy released by nutrient oxidation into ATP, the currency of living organisms. The whole biochemical machinery is hosted by the inner mitochondrial membrane (mtIM) where the protonmotive force built by respiratory complexes, dynamically assembled as super-complexes, allows the F1FO-ATP synthase to make ATP from ADP + Pi. Recently mitochondria emerged not only as cell powerhouses, but also as signaling hubs by way of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. However, when ROS removal systems and/or OXPHOS constituents are defective, the physiological ROS generation can cause ROS imbalance and oxidative stress, which in turn damages cell components. Moreover, the morphology of mitochondria rules cell fate and the formation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore in the mtIM, which, most likely with the F1FO-ATP synthase contribution, permeabilizes mitochondria and leads to cell death. As the multiple mitochondrial functions are mutually interconnected, changes in protein composition by mutations or in supercomplex assembly and/or in membrane structures often generate a dysfunctional cascade and lead to life-incompatible diseases or severe syndromes. The known structural/functional changes in mitochondrial proteins and structures, which impact mitochondrial bioenergetics because of an impaired or defective energy transduction system, here reviewed, constitute the main biochemical damage in a variety of genetic and age-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Nesci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy; (F.T.); (V.V.); (C.A.)
| | - Fabiana Trombetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy; (F.T.); (V.V.); (C.A.)
| | - Alessandra Pagliarani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy; (F.T.); (V.V.); (C.A.)
| | - Vittoria Ventrella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy; (F.T.); (V.V.); (C.A.)
| | - Cristina Algieri
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy; (F.T.); (V.V.); (C.A.)
| | - Gaia Tioli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Giorgio Lenaz
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Steiner A, Raheem S, Ahmad Z. Significance of Leu and Ser in the βDELSEED-loop of Escherichia coli ATP synthase. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:2588-2597. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
20
|
Zhang WJ, Hu CG, Luo HL, Zhu ZM. Activation of P2×7 Receptor Promotes the Invasion and Migration of Colon Cancer Cells via the STAT3 Signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:586555. [PMID: 33330466 PMCID: PMC7732635 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.586555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathological mechanism of colon cancer is very complicated. Therefore, exploring the molecular basis of the pathogenesis of colon cancer and finding a new therapeutic target has become an urgent problem to be solved in the treatment of colon cancer. ATP plays an important role in regulating the progression of tumor cells. P2 × 7 belongs to ATP ion channel receptor, which is involved in the progression of tumors. In this study, we explored the effect and molecular mechanism of ATP-mediated P2 × 7 receptor on the migration and metastasis of colon cancer cells. The results showed that ATP and BzATP significantly increased the inward current and intracellular calcium concentration of LOVO and SW480 cells, while the use of antagonists (A438079 and AZD9056) could reverse the above phenomenon. We found that ATP promoted the migration and invasion of LOVO and SW480 cells and is dose-dependent on ATP concentration (100–300 μM). Similarly, BzATP (10, 50, and 100 μM) also significantly promoted the migration and invasion of colon cancer cells in a concentration-dependent manner. While P2 × 7 receptor antagonists [A438079 (10 μM), AZD9056 (10 μM)] or P2 × 7 siRNA could significantly inhibit ATP-induced colon cancer cell migration and invasion. Moreover, in vivo experiments showed that ATP-induced activation of P2 × 7 receptor promoted the growth of tumors. Furthermore, P2 × 7 receptor activation down-regulated E-cadherin protein expression and up-regulated MMP-2 mRNA and concentration levels. Knocking down the expression of P2 × 7 receptor could significantly inhibit the increase in the expression of N-cadherin, Vimentin, Zeb1, and Snail induced by ATP. In addition, ATP time-dependently induced the activation of STAT3 via the P2 × 7 receptor, and the STAT3 pathway was required for the ATP-mediated invasion and migration. Our conclusion is that ATP-induced P2 × 7 receptor activation promotes the migration and invasion of colon cancer cells, possibly via the activation of STAT3 pathway. Therefore, the P2 × 7 receptor may be a potential target for the treatment of colon cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ce-Gui Hu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hong-Liang Luo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zheng-Ming Zhu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ruiz-Blanco YB, Ávila-Barrientos LP, Hernández-García E, Antunes A, Agüero-Chapin G, García-Hernández E. Engineering protein fragments via evolutionary and protein-protein interaction algorithms: de novo design of peptide inhibitors for F O F 1 -ATP synthase. FEBS Lett 2020; 595:183-194. [PMID: 33151544 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme subunit interfaces have remarkable potential in drug design as both target and scaffold for their own inhibitors. We show an evolution-driven strategy for the de novo design of peptide inhibitors targeting interfaces of the Escherichia coli FoF1-ATP synthase as a case study. The evolutionary algorithm ROSE was applied to generate diversity-oriented peptide libraries by engineering peptide fragments from ATP synthase interfaces. The resulting peptides were scored with PPI-Detect, a sequence-based predictor of protein-protein interactions. Two selected peptides were confirmed by in vitro inhibition and binding tests. The proposed methodology can be widely applied to design peptides targeting relevant interfaces of enzymatic complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Agostinho Antunes
- CIMAR/CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Portugal.,Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Guillermin Agüero-Chapin
- CIMAR/CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Portugal.,Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Potential Inhibitory Effect of Apis mellifera's Venom and of Its Two Main Components-Melittin and PLA 2-on Escherichia coli F 1F 0-ATPase. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9110824. [PMID: 33218209 PMCID: PMC7699247 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9110824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial resistance has become a worrying problem for human health, especially since certain bacterial strains of Escherichia coli (E. coli) can cause very serious infections. Thus, the search for novel natural inhibitors with new bacterial targets would be crucial to overcome resistance to antibiotics. Here, we evaluate the inhibitory effects of Apis mellifera bee venom (BV-Am) and of its two main components -melittin and phospholipase A2 (PLA2)- on E. coli F1F0-ATPase enzyme, a crucial molecular target for the survival of these bacteria. Thus, we optimized a spectrophotometric method to evaluate the enzymatic activity by quantifying the released phosphate from ATP hydrolysis catalyzed by E. coli F1F0-ATPase. The protocol developed for inhibition assays of this enzyme was validated by two reference inhibitors, thymoquinone (IC50 = 57.5 μM) and quercetin (IC50 = 30 μM). Results showed that BV-Am has a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on E. coli F1F0-ATPase with 50% inhibition at 18.43 ± 0.92 μg/mL. Melittin inhibits this enzyme with IC50 = 9.03 ± 0.27 µM, emphasizing a more inhibitory effect than the two previous reference inhibitors adopted. Likewise, PLA2 inhibits E. coli F1F0-ATPase with a dose-dependent effect (50% inhibition at 2.11 ± 0.11 μg/mL) and its combination with melittin enhanced the inhibition extent of this enzyme. Crude venom and mainly melittin and PLA2, inhibit E. coli F1F0-ATPase and could be considered as important candidates for combating resistant bacteria.
Collapse
|
23
|
Cryo-EM structure of the entire mammalian F-type ATP synthase. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2020; 27:1077-1085. [DOI: 10.1038/s41594-020-0503-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
24
|
Natural products and other inhibitors of F 1F O ATP synthase. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 207:112779. [PMID: 32942072 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
F1FO ATP synthase is responsible for the production of >95% of all ATP synthesis within the cell. Dysregulation of its expression, activity or localization is linked to various human diseases including cancer, diabetes, and Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. In addition, ATP synthase is a novel and viable drug target for the development of antimicrobials as evidenced by bedaquiline, which was approved in 2012 for the treatment of tuberculosis. Historically, natural products have been a rich source of ATP synthase inhibitors that help unravel the role of F1FO ATP synthase in cellular bioenergetics. During the last decade, new modulators of ATP synthase have been discovered through the isolation of novel natural products as well as through a ligand-based drug design process. In addition, new data has been obtained with regards to the structure and function of ATP synthase under physiological and pathological conditions. Crystal structure studies have provided a significant insight into the rotary function of the enzyme and may provide additional opportunities to design a new generation of inhibitors. This review provides an update on recently discovered ATP synthase modulators as well as an update on existing scaffolds.
Collapse
|
25
|
Oxidative Phosphorylation—an Update on a New, Essential Target Space for Drug Discovery in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10072339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
New drugs with new mechanisms of action are urgently required to tackle the global tuberculosis epidemic. Following the FDA-approval of the ATP synthase inhibitor bedaquiline (Sirturo®), energy metabolism has become the subject of intense focus as a novel pathway to exploit for tuberculosis drug development. This enthusiasm stems from the fact that oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) and the maintenance of the transmembrane electrochemical gradient are essential for the viability of replicating and non-replicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), the etiological agent of human tuberculosis (TB). Therefore, new drugs targeting this pathway have the potential to shorten TB treatment, which is one of the major goals of TB drug discovery. This review summarises the latest and key findings regarding the OxPhos pathway in M. tb and provides an overview of the inhibitors targeting various components. We also discuss the potential of new regimens containing these inhibitors, the flexibility of this pathway and, consequently, the complexity in targeting it. Lastly, we discuss opportunities and future directions of this drug target space.
Collapse
|
26
|
Scalise M, Jaakola VP. Membrane Proteins: New Approaches to Probes, Technologies, and Drug Design. SLAS DISCOVERY : ADVANCING LIFE SCIENCES R & D 2019; 24:865-866. [PMID: 31539294 DOI: 10.1177/2472555219876283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariafrancesca Scalise
- Dep. BEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|