1
|
Fan L, Zhuang Y, Wu H, Li H, Xu Y, Wang Y, He L, Wang S, Chen Z, Cheng J, Xu HE, Wang S. Structural basis of psychedelic LSD recognition at dopamine D 1 receptor. Neuron 2024; 112:3295-3310.e8. [PMID: 39094559 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the kinetics of LSD in receptors and subsequent induced signaling is crucial for comprehending both the psychoactive and therapeutic effects of LSD. Despite extensive research on LSD's interactions with serotonin 2A and 2B receptors, its behavior on other targets, including dopamine receptors, has remained elusive. Here, we present cryo-EM structures of LSD/PF6142-bound dopamine D1 receptor (DRD1)-legobody complexes, accompanied by a β-arrestin-mimicking nanobody, NBA3, shedding light on the determinants of G protein coupling versus β-arrestin coupling. Structural analysis unveils a distinctive binding mode of LSD in DRD1, particularly with the ergoline moiety oriented toward TM4. Kinetic investigations uncover an exceptionally rapid dissociation rate of LSD in DRD1, attributed to the flexibility of extracellular loop 2 (ECL2). Moreover, G protein can stabilize ECL2 conformation, leading to a significant slowdown in ligand's dissociation rate. These findings establish a solid foundation for further exploration of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) dynamics and their relevance to signal transduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luyu Fan
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China.
| | - Youwen Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hongyu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Multi-Cell Systems, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Huiqiong Li
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Youwei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Licong He
- Key Laboratory of Multi-Cell Systems, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shishan Wang
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Anesthesiology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261021, China
| | - Zhangcheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Multi-Cell Systems, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - H Eric Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Sheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; Key Laboratory of Multi-Cell Systems, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Grätz L, Sajkowska-Kozielewicz JJ, Wesslowski J, Kinsolving J, Bridge LJ, Petzold K, Davidson G, Schulte G, Kozielewicz P. NanoBiT- and NanoBiT/BRET-based assays allow the analysis of binding kinetics of Wnt-3a to endogenous Frizzled 7 in a colorectal cancer model. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:3819-3835. [PMID: 37055379 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Wnt binding to Frizzleds (FZD) is a crucial step that leads to the initiation of signalling cascades governing multiple processes during embryonic development, stem cell regulation and adult tissue homeostasis. Recent efforts have enabled us to shed light on Wnt-FZD pharmacology using overexpressed HEK293 cells. However, assessing ligand binding at endogenous receptor expression levels is important due to differential binding behaviour in a native environment. Here, we study FZD paralogue, FZD7, and analyse its interactions with Wnt-3a in live CRISPR-Cas9-edited SW480 cells typifying colorectal cancer. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH SW480 cells were CRISPR-Cas9-edited to insert a HiBiT tag on the N-terminus of FZD7, preserving the native signal peptide. These cells were used to study eGFP-Wnt-3a association with endogenous and overexpressed HiBiT-FZD7 using NanoBiT/bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) and NanoBiT to measure ligand binding and receptor internalization. KEY RESULTS With this new assay the binding of eGFP-Wnt-3a to endogenous HiBiT-FZD7 was compared with overexpressed receptors. Receptor overexpression results in increased membrane dynamics, leading to an apparent decrease in binding on-rate and consequently in higher, up to 10 times, calculated Kd. Thus, measurements of binding affinities to FZD7 obtained in overexpressed cells are suboptimal compared with the measurements from endogenously expressing cells. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Binding affinity measurements in the overexpressing cells fail to replicate ligand binding affinities assessed in a (patho)physiologically relevant context where receptor expression is lower. Therefore, future studies on Wnt-FZD7 binding should be performed using receptors expressed under endogenous promotion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Grätz
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joanna J Sajkowska-Kozielewicz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janine Wesslowski
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Functional Molecular Systems, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Julia Kinsolving
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lloyd J Bridge
- Department of Computer Science and Creative Technologies, University of the West England, Bristol, UK
| | - Katja Petzold
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gary Davidson
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Functional Molecular Systems, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Gunnar Schulte
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paweł Kozielewicz
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kenakin T. Know your molecule: pharmacological characterization of drug candidates to enhance efficacy and reduce late-stage attrition. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2024; 23:626-644. [PMID: 38890494 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-024-00958-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Despite advances in chemical, computational and biological sciences, the rate of attrition of drug candidates in clinical development is still high. A key point in the small-molecule discovery process that could provide opportunities to help address this challenge is the pharmacological characterization of hit and lead compounds, culminating in the selection of a drug candidate. Deeper characterization is increasingly important, because the 'quality' of drug efficacy, at least for G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), is now understood to be much more than activation of commonly evaluated pathways such as cAMP signalling, with many more 'efficacies' of ligands that could be harnessed therapeutically. Such characterization is being enabled by novel assays to characterize the complex behaviour of GPCRs, such as biased signalling and allosteric modulation, as well as advances in structural biology, such as cryo-electron microscopy. This article discusses key factors in the assessments of the pharmacology of hit and lead compounds in the context of GPCRs as a target class, highlighting opportunities to identify drug candidates with the potential to address limitations of current therapies and to improve the probability of them succeeding in clinical development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terry Kenakin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Comeo E, Goulding J, Lin CY, Groenen M, Woolard J, Kindon ND, Harwood CR, Platt S, Briddon SJ, Kilpatrick LE, Scammells PJ, Hill SJ, Kellam B. Ligand-Directed Labeling of the Adenosine A 1 Receptor in Living Cells. J Med Chem 2024; 67:12099-12117. [PMID: 38994645 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
The study of protein function and dynamics in their native cellular environment is essential for progressing fundamental science. To overcome the requirement of genetic modification of the protein or the limitations of dissociable fluorescent ligands, ligand-directed (LD) chemistry has most recently emerged as a complementary, bioorthogonal approach for labeling native proteins. Here, we describe the rational design, development, and application of the first ligand-directed chemistry approach for labeling the A1AR in living cells. We pharmacologically demonstrate covalent labeling of A1AR expressed in living cells while the orthosteric binding site remains available. The probes were imaged using confocal microscopy and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy to study A1AR localization and dynamics in living cells. Additionally, the probes allowed visualization of the specific localization of A1ARs endogenously expressed in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. LD probes developed here hold promise for illuminating ligand-binding, receptor signaling, and trafficking of the A1AR in more physiologically relevant environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Comeo
- Division of Biomolecular Sciences and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands NG7 2UH, U.K
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Joëlle Goulding
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands NG7 2UH, U.K
| | - Chia-Yang Lin
- Division of Biomolecular Sciences and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands NG7 2UH, U.K
| | - Marleen Groenen
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands NG7 2UH, U.K
| | - Jeanette Woolard
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands NG7 2UH, U.K
| | - Nicholas D Kindon
- Division of Biomolecular Sciences and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands NG7 2UH, U.K
| | - Clare R Harwood
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands NG7 2UH, U.K
| | - Simon Platt
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands NG7 2UH, U.K
| | - Stephen J Briddon
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands NG7 2UH, U.K
| | - Laura E Kilpatrick
- Division of Biomolecular Sciences and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands NG7 2UH, U.K
| | - Peter J Scammells
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Stephen J Hill
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands NG7 2UH, U.K
| | - Barrie Kellam
- Division of Biomolecular Sciences and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands NG7 2UH, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kenakin T. Bias translation: The final frontier? Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:1345-1360. [PMID: 38424747 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Biased signalling is a natural result of GPCR allosteric function and should be expected from any and all synthetic and natural agonists. Therefore, it may be encountered in all agonist discovery projects and must be considered as a beneficial (or possible detrimental) feature of new candidate molecules. While bias is detected easily, the synoptic nature of GPCR signalling makes translation of simple in vitro bias to complex in vivo systems problematic. The practical outcome of this is a difficulty in predicting the therapeutic value of biased signalling due to the failure of translation of identified biased signalling to in vivo agonism. This is discussed in this review as well as some new ways forward to improve this translation process and better exploit this powerful pharmacologic mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terry Kenakin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cullum SA, Platt S, Dale N, Isaac OC, Wragg ES, Soave M, Veprintsev DB, Woolard J, Kilpatrick LE, Hill SJ. Mechano-sensitivity of β2-adrenoceptors enhances constitutive activation of cAMP generation that is inhibited by inverse agonists. Commun Biol 2024; 7:417. [PMID: 38580813 PMCID: PMC10997663 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06128-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The concept of agonist-independent signalling that can be attenuated by inverse agonists is a fundamental element of the cubic ternary complex model of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activation. This model shows how a GPCR can exist in two conformational states in the absence of ligands; an inactive R state and an active R* state that differ in their affinities for agonists, inverse agonists, and G-protein alpha subunits. The proportion of R* receptors that exist in the absence of agonists determines the level of constitutive receptor activity. In this study we demonstrate that mechanical stimulation can induce β2-adrenoceptor agonist-independent Gs-mediated cAMP signalling that is sensitive to inhibition by inverse agonists such as ICI-118551 and propranolol. The size of the mechano-sensitive response is dependent on the cell surface receptor expression level in HEK293G cells, is still observed in a ligand-binding deficient D113A mutant β2-adrenoceptor and can be attenuated by site-directed mutagenesis of the extracellular N-glycosylation sites on the N-terminus and second extracellular loop of the β2-adrenoceptor. Similar mechano-sensitive agonist-independent responses are observed in HEK293G cells overexpressing the A2A-adenosine receptor. These data provide new insights into how agonist-independent constitutive receptor activity can be enhanced by mechanical stimulation and regulated by inverse agonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean A Cullum
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Simon Platt
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Natasha Dale
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Oliver C Isaac
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Edward S Wragg
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Mark Soave
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Dmitry B Veprintsev
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Jeanette Woolard
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Laura E Kilpatrick
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
- Division of Bimolecular Science and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Stephen J Hill
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Calabretta MM, Michelini E. Current advances in the use of bioluminescence assays for drug discovery: an update of the last ten years. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2024; 19:85-95. [PMID: 37814480 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2023.2266989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bioluminescence is a well-established optical detection technique widely used in several bioanalytical applications, including high-throughput and high-content screenings. Thanks to advances in synthetic biology techniques and deep learning, a wide portfolio of luciferases is now available with tuned emission wavelengths, kinetics, and high stability. These luciferases can be implemented in the drug discovery and development pipeline, allowing high sensitivity and multiplexing capability. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the latest advancements of bioluminescent systems as toolsets in drug discovery programs for in vitro applications. Particular attention is paid to the most advanced bioluminescence-based technologies for drug screening over the past 10 years (from 2013 to 2023) such as cell-free assays, cell-based assays based on genetically modified cells, bioluminescence resonance energy transfer, and protein complementation assays in 2D and 3D cell models. EXPERT OPINION The availability of tuned bioluminescent proteins with improved emission and stability properties is vital for the development of bioluminescence assays for drug discovery, spanning from reporter gene technology to protein-protein techniques. Further studies, combining machine learning with synthetic biology, will be necessary to obtain new tools for sustainable and highly predictive bioluminescent drug discovery platforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Maddalena Calabretta
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), IRCCS St. Orsola Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Michelini
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), IRCCS St. Orsola Hospital, Bologna, Italy
- Health Sciences and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HSTICIR), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lay CS, Kilpatrick LE, Craggs PD, Hill SJ. Use of NanoBiT and NanoBRET to characterise interleukin-23 receptor dimer formation in living cells. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:1444-1459. [PMID: 36560872 PMCID: PMC10953408 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Interleukin-23 (IL-23) and its receptor are important drug targets for the treatment of auto-inflammatory diseases. IL-23 binds to a receptor complex composed of two single transmembrane spanning proteins IL23R and IL12Rβ1. In this study, we aimed to gain further understanding of how ligand binding induces signalling of IL-23 receptor complexes using the proximity-based techniques of NanoLuc Binary Technology (NanoBiT) and Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (BRET). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH To monitor the formation of IL-23 receptor complexes, we developed a split luciferase (NanoBiT) assay whereby heteromerisation of receptor subunits can be measured through luminescence. The affinity of NanoBiT complemented complexes for IL-23 was measured using NanoBRET, and cytokine-induced signal transduction was measured using a phospho-STAT3 AlphaLISA assay. KEY RESULTS NanoBiT measurements demonstrated that IL-23 receptor complexes formed to an equal degree in the presence and absence of ligand. NanoBRET measurements confirmed that these complexes bound IL-23 with a picomolar binding affinity. Measurement of STAT3 phosphorylation demonstrated that pre-formed IL-23 receptor complexes induced signalling following ligand binding. It was also demonstrated that synthetic ligand-independent signalling could be induced by high affinity (HiBit) but not low affinity (SmBit) NanoBiT crosslinking of the receptor N-terminal domains. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These results indicate that receptor complexes form prior to ligand binding and are not sufficient to induce signalling alone. Our findings indicate that IL-23 induces a conformational change in heteromeric receptor complexes, to enable signal transduction. These observations have direct implications for drug discovery efforts to target the IL-23 receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles S. Lay
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life SciencesUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and ReceptorsUniversity of Birmingham and NottinghamThe MidlandsUK
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Science and TechnologyGlaxoSmithKlineStevenageUK
| | - Laura E. Kilpatrick
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and ReceptorsUniversity of Birmingham and NottinghamThe MidlandsUK
- Division of Bimolecular Science and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery InstituteUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Peter D. Craggs
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Science and TechnologyGlaxoSmithKlineStevenageUK
- Crick‐GSK Biomedical LinklabsGlaxoSmithKlineStevenageUK
| | - Stephen J. Hill
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life SciencesUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and ReceptorsUniversity of Birmingham and NottinghamThe MidlandsUK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Saecker L, Häberlein H, Franken S. Investigation of adenosine A1 receptor-mediated β-arrestin 2 recruitment using a split-luciferase assay. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1172551. [PMID: 37324481 PMCID: PMC10268005 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1172551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Adenosine A1 receptor (A1AR) plays a prominent role in neurological and cardiac diseases and inflammatory processes. Its endogenous ligand adenosine is known to be one of the key players in the sleep-wake cycle. Like other G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), stimulation of A1AR leads to the recruitment of arrestins in addition to the activation of G proteins. So far, little is known about the role of these proteins in signal transduction and regulation of A1AR compared to the activation of G proteins. In this work, we characterized a live cell assay for A1AR-mediated β-arrestin 2 recruitment. We have applied this assay to a set of different compounds that interact with this receptor. Methods: Based on NanoBit® technology, a protein complementation assay was developed in which the A1AR is coupled to the large part of the nanoluciferase (LgBiT), whereas its small part (SmBiT) is fused to the N-terminus of β-arrestin 2. Stimulation of A1AR results in the recruitment of β-arrestin 2 and subsequent complementation of a functional nanoluciferase. For comparison, corresponding data on the effect of receptor stimulation on intracellular cAMP levels were collected for some data sets using the GloSensor™ assay. Results: The assay gives highly reproducible results with a very good signal-to-noise ratio. Capadenoson, in contrast to adenosine, CPA, or NECA, shows only partial agonism in this assay with respect to the recruitment of β-arrestin 2, whereas it shows full agonism in the case of the inhibitory effect of A1AR on cAMP production. By using a GRK2 inhibitor, it becomes clear that the recruitment is at least partially dependent on the phosphorylation of the receptor by this kinase. Interestingly, this was also the first time that we demonstrate the A1AR-mediated recruitment of β-arrestin 2 by stimulation with a valerian extract. Conclusion: The presented assay is a useful tool for the quantitative study of A1AR-mediated β-arrestin 2 recruitment. It allows data collection for stimulatory, inhibitory, and modulatory substances and is also suitable for more complex substance mixtures such as valerian extract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sebastian Franken
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lay CS, Isidro-Llobet A, Kilpatrick LE, Craggs PD, Hill SJ. Characterisation of IL-23 receptor antagonists and disease relevant mutants using fluorescent probes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2882. [PMID: 37208328 PMCID: PMC10199020 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38541-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the IL-23 receptor with several auto-inflammatory diseases, led to the heterodimeric receptor and its cytokine-ligand IL-23, becoming important drug targets. Successful antibody-based therapies directed against the cytokine have been licenced and a class of small peptide antagonists of the receptor have entered clinical trials. These peptide antagonists may offer therapeutic advantages over existing anti-IL-23 therapies, but little is known about their molecular pharmacology. In this study, we use a fluorescent version of IL-23 to characterise antagonists of the full-length receptor expressed by living cells using a NanoBRET competition assay. We then develop a cyclic peptide fluorescent probe, specific to the IL23p19:IL23R interface and use this molecule to characterise further receptor antagonists. Finally, we use the assays to study the immunocompromising C115Y IL23R mutation, demonstrating that the mechanism of action is a disruption of the binding epitope for IL23p19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles S Lay
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
- Chemical Biology, Medicine Design, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK
| | | | - Laura E Kilpatrick
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
- Division of Bimolecular Science and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Peter D Craggs
- Chemical Biology, Medicine Design, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK.
- Crick-GSK Biomedical Linklabs, Medicine Design, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK.
| | - Stephen J Hill
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and Nottingham, The Midlands, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Reyes-Alcaraz A, Lucero Garcia-Rojas EY, Merlinsky EA, Seong JY, Bond RA, McConnell BK. A NanoBiT assay to monitor membrane proteins trafficking for drug discovery and drug development. Commun Biol 2022; 5:212. [PMID: 35260793 PMCID: PMC8904512 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03163-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Internalization of membrane proteins plays a key role in many physiological functions; however, highly sensitive and versatile technologies are lacking to study such processes in real-time living systems. Here we describe an assay based on bioluminescence able to quantify membrane receptor trafficking for a wide variety of internalization mechanisms such as GPCR internalization/recycling, antibody-mediated internalization, and SARS-CoV2 viral infection. This study represents an alternative drug discovery tool to accelerate the drug development for a wide range of physiological processes, such as cancer, neurological, cardiopulmonary, metabolic, and infectious diseases including COVID-19. Membrane protein trafficking is monitored using split nanoluciferase. Receptor internalization leads to complementation on the early endosome and a bioluminescent response, and is applied to receptor internalization/recycling, antibody-mediated internalization and SARS-CoV2 entry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arfaxad Reyes-Alcaraz
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204-5037, USA.
| | - Emilio Y Lucero Garcia-Rojas
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204-5037, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Merlinsky
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204-5037, USA
| | - Jae Young Seong
- Korea University, College of Medicine, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seol, 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Richard A Bond
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204-5037, USA
| | - Bradley K McConnell
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204-5037, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Comez D, Glenn J, Anbuhl SM, Heukers R, Smit MJ, Hill SJ, Kilpatrick LE. Fluorescently tagged nanobodies and NanoBRET to study ligand-binding and agonist-induced conformational changes of full-length EGFR expressed in living cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1006718. [PMID: 36505413 PMCID: PMC9726709 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1006718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor is a member of the Erb receptor tyrosine kinase family. It binds several ligands including EGF, betacellulin (BTC) and TGF-α, controls cellular proliferation and invasion and is overexpressed in various cancer types. Nanobodies (VHHs) are the antigen binding fragments of heavy chain only camelid antibodies. In this paper we used NanoBRET to compare the binding characteristics of fluorescent EGF or two distinct fluorescently labelled EGFR directed nanobodies (Q44c and Q86c) to full length EGFR. Methods Living HEK293T cells were stably transfected with N terminal NLuc tagged EGFR. NanoBRET saturation, displacement or kinetics experiments were then performed using fluorescently labelled EGF ligands (EGF-AF488 or EGF-AF647) or fluorescently labelled EGFR targeting nanobodies (Q44c-HL488 and Q86c-HL488). Results These data revealed that the EGFR nanobody Q44c was able to inhibit EGF binding to full length EGFR, while Q86c was able to recognise agonist bound EGFR and act as a conformational sensor. The specific binding of fluorescent Q44c-HL488 and EGF-AF488 was inhibited by a range of EGFR ligands (EGF> BTC>TGF-α). Discussion EGFR targeting nanobodies are powerful tools for studying the role of the EGFR in health and disease and allow real time quantification of ligand binding and distinct ligand induced conformational changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dehan Comez
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline Glenn
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie M Anbuhl
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS) Vrije Universiteit (VU), Amsterdam, Netherlands.,QVQ Holding BV, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Raimond Heukers
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS) Vrije Universiteit (VU), Amsterdam, Netherlands.,QVQ Holding BV, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Martine J Smit
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS) Vrije Universiteit (VU), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Stephen J Hill
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Laura E Kilpatrick
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Division of Bimolecular Science and Medicinal Chemistry, Biodiscovery Institute, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu YL, Guo ZY. The NanoBiT-Based Homogenous Ligand-Receptor Binding Assay. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2525:139-153. [PMID: 35836065 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2473-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
NanoLuc Binary Technology (NanoBiT) was recently developed by Promega, based on a large NanoLuc fragment (LgBiT) and two small complementation tags, the low-affinity SmBiT tag and the high-affinity HiBiT tag. In recent studies, we applied NanoBiT to ligand-binding assays of some G protein-coupled receptors via genetic fusion of a secretory LgBiT (sLgBiT) to the extracellular N-terminus of the receptors and covalent attachment of the low-affinity SmBiT tag to an appropriate position of their peptide ligands. The NanoBiT-based homogenous ligand-receptor binding assay is convenient for use and suitable for both the wild-type and mutant receptors, representing a novel tool for interaction mechanism studies of these receptors with their ligands. In the present chapter, we provide detailed protocols for setting up the NanoBiT-based homogenous binding assay using growth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1a (GHSR1a) and its endogenous agonist and antagonist as a representative model system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Li Liu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhan-Yun Guo
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
O'Neill S, Knaus UG. Bioluminescence-Based Complementation Assay to Correlate Conformational Changes in Membrane-Bound Complexes with Enzymatic Function. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2525:123-137. [PMID: 35836064 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2473-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The proteomics field has undergone tremendous development with the introduction of many innovative methods for the identification and characterization of protein-protein interactions (PPIs). Sensitive and quantitative protein association-based techniques represent a versatile tool to probe the architecture of receptor complexes and receptor-ligand interactions and expand the drug discovery toolbox by facilitating high-throughput screening (HTS) approaches. These novel methodologies will be highly enabling for interrogation of structural determinants required for the activity of multimeric membrane-bound enzymes with unresolved crystal structure and for HTS assay development focused on unique characteristics of complex assembly instead of common catalytic features, thereby increasing specificity. We describe here an example of a binary luciferase reporter assay (NanoBiT®) to quantitatively assess the heterodimerization of the catalytically active NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) enzyme complex. The catalytic subunit NOX4 requires association with the protein p22phox for stabilization and enzymatic activity, but the precise manner by which these two membrane-bound proteins interact to facilitate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation is currently unknown. The NanoBiT complementation reporter quantitatively determined the accurate, reduced, or failed complex assembly, which can then be confirmed by determining H2O2 release, protein expression, and heterodimer trafficking. Multimeric complex formation differs between NOX enzyme isoforms, facilitating isoform-specific, PPI-based drug screening in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon O'Neill
- Conway Institute, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Legend Biotech, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ulla G Knaus
- Conway Institute, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Main MJ, Zhang AX. Advances in Cellular Target Engagement and Target Deconvolution. SLAS DISCOVERY 2021; 25:115-117. [PMID: 31958029 DOI: 10.1177/2472555219897269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Main
- Medicines Discovery Catapult, Alderley Park, Cheshire, UK
| | - Andrew X Zhang
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chen Y, Lear TB, Evankovich JW, Larsen MB, Lin B, Alfaras I, Kennerdell JR, Salminen L, Camarco DP, Lockwood KC, Tuncer F, Liu J, Myerburg MM, McDyer JF, Liu Y, Finkel T, Chen BB. A high-throughput screen for TMPRSS2 expression identifies FDA-approved compounds that can limit SARS-CoV-2 entry. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3907. [PMID: 34162861 PMCID: PMC8222394 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24156-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV) is the pathogenic coronavirus responsible for the global pandemic of COVID-19 disease. The Spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 attaches to host lung epithelial cells through the cell surface receptor ACE2, a process dependent on host proteases including TMPRSS2. Here, we identify small molecules that reduce surface expression of TMPRSS2 using a library of 2,560 FDA-approved or current clinical trial compounds. We identify homoharringtonine and halofuginone as the most attractive agents, reducing endogenous TMPRSS2 expression at sub-micromolar concentrations. These effects appear to be mediated by a drug-induced alteration in TMPRSS2 protein stability. We further demonstrate that halofuginone modulates TMPRSS2 levels through proteasomal-mediated degradation that involves the E3 ubiquitin ligase component DDB1- and CUL4-associated factor 1 (DCAF1). Finally, cells exposed to homoharringtonine and halofuginone, at concentrations of drug known to be achievable in human plasma, demonstrate marked resistance to SARS-CoV-2 infection in both live and pseudoviral in vitro models. Given the safety and pharmacokinetic data already available for the compounds identified in our screen, these results should help expedite the rational design of human clinical trials designed to combat active COVID-19 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanwen Chen
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh/UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Travis B Lear
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh/UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - John W Evankovich
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh/UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mads B Larsen
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh/UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bo Lin
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh/UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Irene Alfaras
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh/UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Laura Salminen
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh/UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniel P Camarco
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh/UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Ferhan Tuncer
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh/UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jie Liu
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh/UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael M Myerburg
- Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - John F McDyer
- Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yuan Liu
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh/UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Toren Finkel
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh/UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Bill B Chen
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh/UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Garcia-Garcia L, Olle L, Martin M, Roca-Ferrer J, Muñoz-Cano R. Adenosine Signaling in Mast Cells and Allergic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105203. [PMID: 34068999 PMCID: PMC8156042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine is a nucleoside involved in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. Its effects are mediated through its binding to G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2a, A2b and A3. The receptors differ in the type of G protein they recruit, in the effect on adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity and the downstream signaling pathway triggered. Adenosine can produce both an enhancement and an inhibition of mast cell degranulation, indicating that adenosine effects on these receptors is controversial and remains to be clarified. Depending on the study model, A1, A2b, and A3 receptors have shown anti- or pro-inflammatory activity. However, most studies reported an anti-inflammatory activity of A2a receptor. The precise knowledge of the adenosine mechanism of action may allow to develop more efficient therapies for allergic diseases by using selective agonist and antagonist against specific receptor subtypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Garcia-Garcia
- Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy (IRCE), Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (L.G.-G.); (L.O.); (M.M.); (J.R.-F.)
| | - Laia Olle
- Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy (IRCE), Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (L.G.-G.); (L.O.); (M.M.); (J.R.-F.)
| | - Margarita Martin
- Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy (IRCE), Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (L.G.-G.); (L.O.); (M.M.); (J.R.-F.)
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Biomedicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- ARADyAL, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Roca-Ferrer
- Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy (IRCE), Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (L.G.-G.); (L.O.); (M.M.); (J.R.-F.)
| | - Rosa Muñoz-Cano
- Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy (IRCE), Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (L.G.-G.); (L.O.); (M.M.); (J.R.-F.)
- ARADyAL, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
- Allergy Section, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-93-2275540
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wolf P, Gavins G, Beck‐Sickinger AG, Seitz O. Strategies for Site-Specific Labeling of Receptor Proteins on the Surfaces of Living Cells by Using Genetically Encoded Peptide Tags. Chembiochem 2021; 22:1717-1732. [PMID: 33428317 PMCID: PMC8248378 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence microscopy imaging enables receptor proteins to be investigated within their biological context. A key challenge is to site-specifically incorporate reporter moieties into proteins without interfering with biological functions or cellular networks. Small peptide tags offer the opportunity to combine inducible labeling with small tag sizes that avoid receptor perturbation. Herein, we review the current state of live-cell labeling of peptide-tagged cell-surface proteins. Considering their importance as targets in medicinal chemistry, we focus on membrane receptors such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). We discuss peptide tags that i) are subject to enzyme-mediated modification reactions, ii) guide the complementation of reporter proteins, iii) form coiled-coil complexes, and iv) interact with metal complexes. Given our own contributions in the field, we place emphasis on peptide-templated labeling chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Wolf
- Faculty of Life SciencesInstitute of BiochemistryLeipzig UniversityBrüderstrasse 3404103LeipzigGermany
| | - Georgina Gavins
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural SciencesDepartment of ChemistryHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Str. 212489BerlinGermany
| | - Annette G. Beck‐Sickinger
- Faculty of Life SciencesInstitute of BiochemistryLeipzig UniversityBrüderstrasse 3404103LeipzigGermany
| | - Oliver Seitz
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural SciencesDepartment of ChemistryHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Str. 212489BerlinGermany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Killoran MP, Levin S, Boursier ME, Zimmerman K, Hurst R, Hall MP, Machleidt T, Kirkland TA, Friedman Ohana R. An Integrated Approach toward NanoBRET Tracers for Analysis of GPCR Ligand Engagement. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26102857. [PMID: 34065854 PMCID: PMC8151276 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Gaining insight into the pharmacology of ligand engagement with G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) under biologically relevant conditions is vital to both drug discovery and basic research. NanoLuc-based bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (NanoBRET) monitoring competitive binding between fluorescent tracers and unmodified test compounds has emerged as a robust and sensitive method to quantify ligand engagement with specific GPCRs genetically fused to NanoLuc luciferase or the luminogenic HiBiT peptide. However, development of fluorescent tracers is often challenging and remains the principal bottleneck for this approach. One way to alleviate the burden of developing a specific tracer for each receptor is using promiscuous tracers, which is made possible by the intrinsic specificity of BRET. Here, we devised an integrated tracer discovery workflow that couples machine learning-guided in silico screening for scaffolds displaying promiscuous binding to GPCRs with a blend of synthetic strategies to rapidly generate multiple tracer candidates. Subsequently, these candidates were evaluated for binding in a NanoBRET ligand-engagement screen across a library of HiBiT-tagged GPCRs. Employing this workflow, we generated several promiscuous fluorescent tracers that can effectively engage multiple GPCRs, demonstrating the efficiency of this approach. We believe that this workflow has the potential to accelerate discovery of NanoBRET fluorescent tracers for GPCRs and other target classes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Killoran
- Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods Hollow, Fitchburg, WI 53711, USA; (M.P.K.); (M.E.B.); (K.Z.); (R.H.); (M.P.H.); (T.M.)
| | - Sergiy Levin
- Promega Biosciences LLC, 277 Granada Drive, San Luis Obispo, CA 93401, USA; (S.L.); (T.A.K.)
| | - Michelle E. Boursier
- Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods Hollow, Fitchburg, WI 53711, USA; (M.P.K.); (M.E.B.); (K.Z.); (R.H.); (M.P.H.); (T.M.)
| | - Kristopher Zimmerman
- Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods Hollow, Fitchburg, WI 53711, USA; (M.P.K.); (M.E.B.); (K.Z.); (R.H.); (M.P.H.); (T.M.)
| | - Robin Hurst
- Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods Hollow, Fitchburg, WI 53711, USA; (M.P.K.); (M.E.B.); (K.Z.); (R.H.); (M.P.H.); (T.M.)
| | - Mary P. Hall
- Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods Hollow, Fitchburg, WI 53711, USA; (M.P.K.); (M.E.B.); (K.Z.); (R.H.); (M.P.H.); (T.M.)
| | - Thomas Machleidt
- Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods Hollow, Fitchburg, WI 53711, USA; (M.P.K.); (M.E.B.); (K.Z.); (R.H.); (M.P.H.); (T.M.)
| | - Thomas A. Kirkland
- Promega Biosciences LLC, 277 Granada Drive, San Luis Obispo, CA 93401, USA; (S.L.); (T.A.K.)
| | - Rachel Friedman Ohana
- Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods Hollow, Fitchburg, WI 53711, USA; (M.P.K.); (M.E.B.); (K.Z.); (R.H.); (M.P.H.); (T.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-608-274-1181
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kozielewicz P, Shekhani R, Moser S, Bowin CF, Wesslowski J, Davidson G, Schulte G. Quantitative Profiling of WNT-3A Binding to All Human Frizzled Paralogues in HEK293 Cells by NanoBiT/BRET Assessments. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:1235-1245. [PMID: 34151213 PMCID: PMC8205236 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The WNT signaling
system governs critical processes during embryonic
development and tissue homeostasis, and its dysfunction can lead to
cancer. Details concerning selectivity and differences in relative
binding affinities of 19 mammalian WNTs to the cysteine-rich domain
(CRD) of their receptors—the ten mammalian Frizzleds (FZDs)—remain
unclear. Here, we used eGFP-tagged mouse WNT-3A for a systematic analysis
of WNT interaction with every human FZD paralogue in HEK293A cells.
Employing HiBiT-tagged full-length FZDs, we studied eGFP-WNT-3A binding
kinetics, saturation binding, and competition binding with commercially
available WNTs in live HEK293A cells using a NanoBiT/BRET-based assay.
Further, we generated receptor chimeras to dissect the contribution
of the transmembrane core to WNT-CRD binding. Our data pinpoint distinct
WNT-FZD selectivity and shed light on the complex WNT-FZD binding
mechanism. The methodological development described herein reveals
yet unappreciated details of the complexity of WNT signaling and WNT-FZD
interactions, providing further details with respect to WNT-FZD selectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Kozielewicz
- Section of Receptor Biology & Signaling, Dept. Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S-17165, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rawan Shekhani
- Section of Receptor Biology & Signaling, Dept. Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S-17165, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefanie Moser
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Carl-Fredrik Bowin
- Section of Receptor Biology & Signaling, Dept. Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S-17165, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Janine Wesslowski
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Gary Davidson
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Gunnar Schulte
- Section of Receptor Biology & Signaling, Dept. Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S-17165, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Functionally confirmed compound heterozygous ADAM17 missense loss-of-function variants cause neonatal inflammatory skin and bowel disease 1. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9552. [PMID: 33953303 PMCID: PMC8100128 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89063-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17) is the major sheddase that processes more than 80 substrates, including tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα). The homozygous genetic deficiency of ADAM17 causing a complete loss of ADAM17 expression was reported to be linked to neonatal inflammatory skin and bowel disease 1 (NISBD1). Here we report for the first time, a family with NISBD1 caused by functionally confirmed compound heterozygous missense variants of ADAM17, namely c.1699T>C (p.Cys567Arg) and c.1799G>A (p.Cys600Tyr). Both variants were detected in two siblings with clinical features of NISBD1, such as erythroderma with exudate in whole body, recurrent skin infection and sepsis and prolonged diarrhoea. In a cell-based assay using Adam10/17 double-knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts (Adam10/17−/− mEFs) exogenously expressing each of these mutants, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-stimulated shedding was strongly reduced compared with wild-type ADAM17. Thus, in vitro functional assays demonstrated that both missense variants cause the loss-of-function of ADAM17, resulting in the development of NISBD1. Our study further expands the spectrum of genetic pathology underlying ADAM17 in NISBD1 and establishes functional assay systems for its missense variants.
Collapse
|
22
|
Kalash L, Winfield I, Safitri D, Bermudez M, Carvalho S, Glen R, Ladds G, Bender A. Structure-based identification of dual ligands at the A 2AR and PDE10A with anti-proliferative effects in lung cancer cell-lines. J Cheminform 2021; 13:17. [PMID: 33658076 PMCID: PMC7927403 DOI: 10.1186/s13321-021-00492-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced/prolonged cAMP signalling has been suggested as a suppressor of cancer proliferation. Interestingly, two key modulators that elevate cAMP, the A2A receptor (A2AR) and phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A), are differentially co-expressed in various types of non-small lung cancer (NSCLC) cell-lines. Thus, finding dual-target compounds, which are simultaneously agonists at the A2AR whilst also inhibiting PDE10A, could be a novel anti-proliferative approach. Using ligand- and structure-based modelling combined with MD simulations (which identified Val84 displacement as a novel conformational descriptor of A2AR activation), a series of known PDE10A inhibitors were shown to dock to the orthosteric site of the A2AR. Subsequent in-vitro analysis confirmed that these compounds bind to the A2AR and exhibit dual-activity at both the A2AR and PDE10A. Furthermore, many of the compounds exhibited promising anti-proliferative effects upon NSCLC cell-lines, which directly correlated with the expression of both PDE10A and the A2AR. Thus, we propose a structure-based methodology, which has been validated in in-vitro binding and functional assays, and demonstrated a promising therapeutic value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leen Kalash
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB21EW, Cambridge, UK
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, Stevenage, UK
| | - Ian Winfield
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB21EW, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, CB2 1PD, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dewi Safitri
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, CB2 1PD, Cambridge, UK
- Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, 40132, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Marcel Bermudez
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB21EW, Cambridge, UK
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 2 und 4, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabrina Carvalho
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, CB2 1PD, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert Glen
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB21EW, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Metabolism Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Graham Ladds
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, CB2 1PD, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Andreas Bender
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB21EW, Cambridge, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Molecular and Pharmacological Characterization of the Interaction between Human Geranylgeranyltransferase Type I and Ras-Related Protein Rap1B. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052501. [PMID: 33801503 PMCID: PMC7958859 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Geranylgeranyltransferase type-I (GGTase-I) represents an important drug target since it contributes to the function of many proteins that are involved in tumor development and metastasis. This led to the development of GGTase-I inhibitors as anti-cancer drugs blocking the protein function and membrane association of e.g., Rap subfamilies that are involved in cell differentiation and cell growth. In the present study, we developed a new NanoBiT assay to monitor the interaction of human GGTase-I and its substrate Rap1B. Different Rap1B prenylation-deficient mutants (C181G, C181S, and ΔCQLL) were designed and investigated for their interaction with GGTase-I. While the Rap1B mutants C181G and C181S still exhibited interaction with human GGTase-I, mutant ΔCQLL, lacking the entire CAAX motif (defined by a cysteine residue, two aliphatic residues, and the C-terminal residue), showed reduced interaction. Moreover, a specific, peptidomimetic and competitive CAAX inhibitor was able to block the interaction of Rap1B with GGTase-I. Furthermore, activation of both Gαs-coupled human adenosine receptors, A2A (A2AAR) and A2B (A2BAR), increased the interaction between GGTase-I and Rap1B, probably representing a way to modulate prenylation and function of Rap1B. Thus, A2AAR and A2BAR antagonists might be promising candidates for therapeutic intervention for different types of cancer that overexpress Rap1B. Finally, the NanoBiT assay provides a tool to investigate the pharmacology of GGTase-I inhibitors.
Collapse
|
24
|
Boursier ME, Levin S, Hurst R, Ohana RF. Equilibrium and Kinetic Measurements of Ligand Binding to HiBiT-tagged GPCRs on the Surface of Living Cells. Bio Protoc 2020; 10:e3861. [PMID: 33659503 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) remain at the forefront of drug discovery efforts. Detailed assessment of features contributing to GPCR ligand engagement in a physiologically relevant environment is imperative to the development of new therapeutics with improved efficacy. Traditionally, binding properties such as affinity and kinetics were obtained using biochemical radioligand binding assays. More recently, the high specificity of resonance energy transfer has been leveraged toward the development of homogeneous cell-based proximity assays with capacity for real-time kinetic measurements. This suite of ligand binding protocols couples the specificity of bioluminescent resonance energy transfer (BRET) with the sensitivity afforded by the luminescent HiBiT peptide. The BRET format is used to quantify dynamic interactions between ligands and their cognate HiBiT-tagged GPCRs through competitive binding with fluorescent Tracers. At the same time, high affinity complementation of HiBiT with the cell impermeable LgBiT limits the bright bioluminescence donor signal to the cell surface and eliminates luminescence background from unoccupied receptors present in intracellular compartments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergiy Levin
- Promega Biosciences LLC, San Luis Obispo, California, USA
| | - Robin Hurst
- Promega Corporation, Fitchburg, Wisconsin, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Soave M, Heukers R, Kellam B, Woolard J, Smit MJ, Briddon SJ, Hill SJ. Monitoring Allosteric Interactions with CXCR4 Using NanoBiT Conjugated Nanobodies. Cell Chem Biol 2020; 27:1250-1261.e5. [PMID: 32610042 PMCID: PMC7573392 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Camelid single-domain antibody fragments (nanobodies) offer the specificity of an antibody in a single 15-kDa immunoglobulin domain. Their small size allows for easy genetic manipulation of the nanobody sequence to incorporate protein tags, facilitating their use as biochemical probes. The nanobody VUN400, which recognizes the second extracellular loop of the human CXCR4 chemokine receptor, was used as a probe to monitor specific CXCR4 conformations. VUN400 was fused via its C terminus to the 11-amino-acid HiBiT tag (VUN400-HiBiT) which complements LgBiT protein, forming a full-length functional NanoLuc luciferase. Here, complemented luminescence was used to detect VUN400-HiBiT binding to CXCR4 receptors expressed in living HEK293 cells. VUN400-HiBiT binding to CXCR4 could be prevented by orthosteric and allosteric ligands, allowing VUN400-HiBiT to be used as a probe to detect allosteric interactions with CXCR4. These data demonstrate that the high specificity offered by extracellular targeted nanobodies can be utilized to probe receptor pharmacology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Soave
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
| | - Raimond Heukers
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), VU University of Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; QVQ Holding B.V., Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Barrie Kellam
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, UK; School of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Jeanette Woolard
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
| | - Martine J Smit
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), VU University of Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stephen J Briddon
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
| | - Stephen J Hill
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Krasitskaya VV, Bashmakova EE, Frank LA. Coelenterazine-Dependent Luciferases as a Powerful Analytical Tool for Research and Biomedical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7465. [PMID: 33050422 PMCID: PMC7590018 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
: The functioning of bioluminescent systems in most of the known marine organisms is based on the oxidation reaction of the same substrate-coelenterazine (CTZ), catalyzed by luciferase. Despite the diversity in structures and the functioning mechanisms, these enzymes can be united into a common group called CTZ-dependent luciferases. Among these, there are two sharply different types of the system organization-Ca2+-regulated photoproteins and luciferases themselves that function in accordance with the classical enzyme-substrate kinetics. Along with deep and comprehensive fundamental research on these systems, approaches and methods of their practical use as highly sensitive reporters in analytics have been developed. The research aiming at the creation of artificial luciferases and synthetic CTZ analogues with new unique properties has led to the development of new experimental analytical methods based on them. The commercial availability of many ready-to-use assay systems based on CTZ-dependent luciferases is also important when choosing them by first-time-users. The development of analytical methods based on these bioluminescent systems is currently booming. The bioluminescent systems under consideration were successfully applied in various biological research areas, which confirms them to be a powerful analytical tool. In this review, we consider the main directions, results, and achievements in research involving these luciferases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vasilisa V. Krasitskaya
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (V.V.K.); (E.E.B.)
| | - Eugenia E. Bashmakova
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (V.V.K.); (E.E.B.)
| | - Ludmila A. Frank
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (V.V.K.); (E.E.B.)
- School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Böttke T, Ernicke S, Serfling R, Ihling C, Burda E, Gurevich VV, Sinz A, Coin I. Exploring GPCR-arrestin interfaces with genetically encoded crosslinkers. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e50437. [PMID: 32929862 PMCID: PMC7645262 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202050437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
β‐arrestins (βarr1 and βarr2) are ubiquitous regulators of G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling. Available data suggest that β‐arrestins dock to different receptors in different ways. However, the structural characterization of GPCR‐arrestin complexes is challenging and alternative approaches to study GPCR‐arrestin complexes are needed. Here, starting from the finger loop as a major site for the interaction of arrestins with GPCRs, we genetically incorporate non‐canonical amino acids for photo‐ and chemical crosslinking into βarr1 and βarr2 and explore binding topologies to GPCRs forming either stable or transient complexes with arrestins: the vasopressin receptor 2 (rhodopsin‐like), the corticotropin‐releasing factor receptor 1, and the parathyroid hormone receptor 1 (both secretin‐like). We show that each receptor leaves a unique footprint on arrestins, whereas the two β‐arrestins yield quite similar crosslinking patterns. Furthermore, we show that the method allows defining the orientation of arrestin with respect to the GPCR. Finally, we provide direct evidence for the formation of arrestin oligomers in the cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thore Böttke
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Ernicke
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Robert Serfling
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Ihling
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Edyta Burda
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Andrea Sinz
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Irene Coin
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Chen Y, Lear TB, Evankovich JW, Larsen MB, Lin B, Alfaras I, Kennerdell JR, Salminen L, Camarco DP, Lockwood KC, Liu J, Myerburg MM, McDyer JF, Liu Y, Finkel T, Chen BB. A high throughput screen for TMPRSS2 expression identifies FDA-approved and clinically advanced compounds that can limit SARS-CoV-2 entry. RESEARCH SQUARE 2020:rs.3.rs-48659. [PMID: 32818215 PMCID: PMC7430593 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-48659/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV) is the pathogenic coronavirus responsible for the global pandemic of COVID-19 disease. The Spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 attaches to host lung epithelial cells through the cell surface receptor ACE2, a process dependent on host proteases including TMPRSS2. Here, we identified small molecules that can reduce surface expression of TMPRSS2 using a 2,700 FDA-approved or current clinical trial compounds. Among these, homoharringtonine and halofuginone appear the most potent agents, reducing endogenous TMPRSS2 expression at sub-micromolar concentrations. These effects appear to be mediated by a drug-induced alteration in TMPRSS2 protein stability. We further demonstrate that halofuginone modulates TMPRSS2 levels through proteasomal-mediated degradation that involves the E3 ubiquitin ligase component DDB1- and CUL4-associated factor 1 (DCAF1). Finally, cells exposed to homoharringtonine and halofuginone, at concentrations of drug known to be achievable in human plasma, demonstrated marked resistance to SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviral infection. Given the safety and pharmacokinetic data already available for the compounds identified in our screen, these results should help expedite the rational design of human clinical trials designed to combat COVID-19 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanwen Chen
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh/UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Travis B. Lear
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh/UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
- Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - John W. Evankovich
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh/UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
- Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Mads B. Larsen
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh/UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Bo Lin
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh/UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Irene Alfaras
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh/UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | | | - Laura Salminen
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh/UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Daniel P. Camarco
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh/UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Karina C. Lockwood
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh/UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Jie Liu
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh/UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Michael M. Myerburg
- Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - John F. McDyer
- Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Yuan Liu
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh/UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
- Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Toren Finkel
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh/UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Bill B. Chen
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh/UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
- Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Boursier ME, Levin S, Zimmerman K, Machleidt T, Hurst R, Butler BL, Eggers CT, Kirkland TA, Wood KV, Friedman Ohana R. The luminescent HiBiT peptide enables selective quantitation of G protein-coupled receptor ligand engagement and internalization in living cells. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:5124-5135. [PMID: 32107310 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are prominent targets to new therapeutics for a range of diseases. Comprehensive assessments of their cellular interactions with bioactive compounds, particularly in a kinetic format, are imperative to the development of drugs with improved efficacy. Hence, we developed complementary cellular assays that enable equilibrium and real-time analyses of GPCR ligand engagement and consequent activation, measured as receptor internalization. These assays utilize GPCRs genetically fused to an N-terminal HiBiT peptide (1.3 kDa), which produces bright luminescence upon high-affinity complementation with LgBiT, an 18-kDa subunit derived from NanoLuc. The cell impermeability of LgBiT limits signal detection to the cell surface and enables measurements of ligand-induced internalization through changes in cell-surface receptor density. In addition, bioluminescent resonance energy transfer is used to quantify dynamic interactions between ligands and their cognate HiBiT-tagged GPCRs through competitive binding with fluorescent tracers. The sensitivity and dynamic range of these assays benefit from the specificity of bioluminescent resonance energy transfer and the high signal intensity of HiBiT/LgBiT without background luminescence from receptors present in intracellular compartments. These features allow analyses of challenging interactions having low selectivity or affinity and enable studies using endogenously tagged receptors. Using the β-adrenergic receptor family as a model, we demonstrate the versatility of these assays by utilizing the same HiBiT construct in analyses of multiple aspects of GPCR pharmacology. We anticipate that this combination of target engagement and proximal functional readout will prove useful to the study of other GPCR families and the development of new therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergiy Levin
- Promega Biosciences LLC, San Luis Obispo, California 93401
| | | | | | - Robin Hurst
- Promega Corporation, Fitchburg, Wisconsin 53711
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|