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Wilkinson K, Berry V, Lloyd J, Marks G, Lang I. Understanding Knowledge Mobilisation between Community Champions and Parents: Evidence from a Community-Based Programme to Support Parents with Young Children. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:901. [PMID: 39201836 PMCID: PMC11352470 DOI: 10.3390/children11080901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community champions have been employed across various settings to disseminate evidence-based public health information. The Building Babies' Brains programme trains champions to work with parents in communities, equipping them with child development knowledge and parental engagement strategies. We explored what makes community champions effective in distributing information to parents, including how the champion-parent relationship and champions' personal characteristics affect information dissemination. METHODS Champions included both peers and professionals working with parents in target communities. We administered an online survey (n = 53) and follow-up interviews (n = 14) with champions, with representation from across all training cohorts. We conducted a realist-informed reflexive thematic analysis to generate themes in the data and highlight the contexts, mechanisms, and outcome patterns identified. RESULTS We observed 15 Context-Mechanism-Outcome configurations across five themes: information sharing opportunities, information relevance, the nature of the champion-parent relationship, interaction expectations, and champion confidence. Our programme theory for how the community champion approach works identified that peer champions focused more on building rapport, modelling behaviours, and being a trusted community resource than direct information transfer. Professional champions, in contrast, showed greater expertise and confidence in discussing parenting practices directly. For both groups, traits such as friendliness and the ability to establish a trusting relationship enhanced effectiveness. CONCLUSIONS This research identifies the impacts of champion role, characteristics, and the champion-parent relationship on the effectiveness of knowledge mobilisation in this context, with implications for training and recruitment of champions. Those using a champion model in comparable settings should ensure that champions have the necessary knowledge, skills, and confidence to engage parents and share information effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kath Wilkinson
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, St Luke’s Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK; (V.B.); (J.L.); (I.L.)
| | - Vashti Berry
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, St Luke’s Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK; (V.B.); (J.L.); (I.L.)
| | - Jenny Lloyd
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, St Luke’s Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK; (V.B.); (J.L.); (I.L.)
| | - Georgina Marks
- Action for Children, Chestnut Family Hub, Exeter EX2 6DJ, UK;
| | - Iain Lang
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, St Luke’s Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK; (V.B.); (J.L.); (I.L.)
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Demir E, Öz S, Aral N, Gürsoy F. A Reliability Generalization Meta-Analysis of the Mother-To-Infant Bonding Scale. Psychol Rep 2024; 127:447-464. [PMID: 35815798 DOI: 10.1177/00332941221114413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Mother-to-Infant Bonding Scale (MIBS) is among the most popular measurement tools to evaluate caregiver-infant attachment. We carried out a meta-analysis study to explore the generalizability of the reliability coefficients for the MIBS in different studies. The literature review yielded a total of 702 studies investigating caregiver-infant attachment. After removing duplicate studies, we also excluded compilations, meta-analyses, qualitative studies, those using different measurement tools, studies published in a language other than English, citations, and those whose full texts could not be accessed. Eventually, we considered a total of 26 studies with 33 Cronbach's alpha coefficients that satisfied the inclusion criteria. We normalized the alpha coefficients using Bonett's transformation, and the analyses were performed using a 95% confidence interval. The findings revealed a Cronbach's alpha (n = 33) coefficient of 0.73 (CI = 0.68-0.77); hence, the present reliability generalization study provides evidence that the reliability scores produced after measurements with the MIBS in previous studies are acceptable across samples. Overall, further studies may reliably utilize the MIBS to evaluate mother-infant attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emin Demir
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Child Development, Tarsus University, Tarsus, Turkey
| | - Sena Öz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Child Development, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Neriman Aral
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Child Development, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Figen Gürsoy
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Child Development, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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van den Heuvel LL, Assim A, Koning M, Nöthling J, Seedat S. Childhood maltreatment and internalizing/externalizing disorders in trauma-exposed adolescents: Does posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) severity have a mediating role? Dev Psychopathol 2023:1-13. [PMID: 38017689 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423001414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment is associated with wide-ranging psychopathology at all stages of life. In the current study, we investigated whether posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) severity mediated the association between childhood maltreatment and internalizing and externalizing disorders among 262 South African trauma-exposed adolescents (aged 12-18 years). Childhood maltreatment and PTSD symptom severity were assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and the Child PTSD Checklist, respectively. Psychiatric disorders were assessed utilizing the Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime version and were grouped into internalizing or externalizing disorders. Hierarchal logistic regression was used to assess the association of childhood maltreatment subtype with internalizing and externalizing disorders, controlling for age and gender, with PTSD symptom severity added to the final model. We found that sexual abuse was significantly associated with internalizing disorders, although this effect was no longer significant when PTSD was added to the model demonstrating that PTSD mediated the association between sexual abuse and internalizing disorders. Physical abuse, but not PTSD, was associated with externalizing disorders. Physical abuse, emotional neglect, and PTSD were associated with comorbid internalizing and externalizing disorders. These findings have implications for intervention and prevention strategies targeted at trauma-exposed adolescents with a history of childhood maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Luella van den Heuvel
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Genomics of Brain Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ayesha Assim
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Milo Koning
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jani Nöthling
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Soraya Seedat
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Genomics of Brain Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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Ndayishimiye JB, Schneider BH, Simbananiye L, Baubet T. The Relationship between Trauma and Attachment in Burundi's School-Aged Children. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13040666. [PMID: 37190631 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13040666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The exposure of children and adolescents to trauma is one of the most important public health challenges. These childhood experiences play a role in children's attachment patterns with their parents and peers. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between exposure to trauma and the degree of attachment representations in school-aged children in Burundi. One hundred thirteen vulnerable children aged 7 to 12 years were recruited and referred by their teachers. We used an event list including the post-traumatic reaction index to measure their exposure to traumatic events and the People in My Life instrument to measure attachment representations. The results revealed that the children had experienced or witnessed at least one traumatic event. The results indicated that secure attachment representations were highest among children with their parents and lowest among children with their peers. The relationship between trauma experiences and children's attachment representations was significant with their parents and with their peers. Children's attachment representations with their parents and peers predicted their traumatic experiences. Future research should focus on how attachment relationships can facilitate counselors and clinicians in providing preventive psycho-education to adults and children to develop healthier functioning, through better knowledge of the complex interplay between traumas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barry H Schneider
- Boston College, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 9B2, Canada
| | - Léandre Simbananiye
- Centre de Recherche et D'intervention Pour le Développement Individuel et Communautaire (CRIDIS), Université du Burundi, Bujumbura 1550, Burundi
| | - Thierry Baubet
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hôpital Avicenne, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, F-93000 Bobigny, France
- Unité Transversale de Psychogénèse et Psychopathologie (UTRPP-EA 4403), Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France
- Centre National de Ressources et de Résilience (CN2R), F-59000 Lille, France
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Alexander SL, Frederico M, Long M, Vicendese D. Attachment security in children with disability or developmental delay: Systematic review of quality and interventions. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY, SCHOOLS, & EARLY INTERVENTION 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/19411243.2023.2177237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stacey L. Alexander
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Social Work, and Social Policy, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Margarita Frederico
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Social Work, and Social Policy, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maureen Long
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Social Work, and Social Policy, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Don Vicendese
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Social Work, and Social Policy, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Blythe S, Elcombe E, Peters K, Burns E, Gribble K. Australian foster carers' views of supporting maternal breastfeeding and attachment in out-of-home care. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 130:105360. [PMID: 34688491 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breastfeeding supports infant health, growth and development, and promotes maternal attachment and sensitive caregiving. Maternal separation due to child protection concerns can result in termination of breastfeeding with associated adverse outcomes. How to preserve breastfeeding when infants are placed in out-of-home care is an issue of concern. OBJECTIVE To consider the views of foster carers towards provision of breastmilk and breastfeeding for infants in their care. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Foster carers (including kinship carers), in Australia, who had cared for at least one infant in the years 2013-2018 completed an online survey. METHODS Foster carer's views were collected via an online survey and subjected to content analysis. RESULTS Respondents (n = 184) expressed mixed views about; mothers breastfeeding during contact visits, increased frequency of contact visits for breastfeeding; and the provision of expressed breastmilk to infants in their care. Concerns were raised about the safety of breastmilk from mothers abusing substances and the value of breastfeeding if reunification was not possible. Because of these concerns, some carers discarded expressed breastmilk and resisted frequent contact. Conversely, breastfeeding was also viewed positively as a way for mothers to maintain attachment with their infants, where reunification of the mother-infant dyad was the goal. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights foster carers' view of breastfeeding as a facilitator of attachment between mothers and their infants. While fosters carers were largely supportive of breastfeeding as a way to improve infant health and facilitate mother-infant attachment, they held concerns regarding the safety of breastmilk supplied to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy Blythe
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Australia; Translational Research and Social Innovation Group, Ingham Institute, Australia.
| | - Emma Elcombe
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Australia; Translational Research and Social Innovation Group, Ingham Institute, Australia
| | - Kath Peters
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Australia
| | - Elaine Burns
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Australia
| | - Karleen Gribble
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Australia
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Kim J, Oh S. The relationship between mothers' knowledge and practice level of cough etiquette and their children's practice level in South Korea. CHILD HEALTH NURSING RESEARCH 2022; 27:385-394. [PMID: 35004526 PMCID: PMC8650946 DOI: 10.4094/chnr.2021.27.4.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study investigated the relationships between mothers' knowledge and practice level of cough etiquette and their children's practice level of cough etiquette as perceived by their mothers. Methods This study was a descriptive correlational study. The data were collected from 160 mothers with preschoolers attending daycare centers and kindergartens in Gwangju, South Korea using self-reported questionnaires. Results The correct answer rate for cough etiquette knowledge in mothers was 86.0%, mothers' average practice score was 33.65±4.14, and their children's average practice score was 28.39±4.85 out of 48. The correlation between mothers' cough etiquette knowledge and practice level was not statistically significant. However, mothers' cough etiquette practice was positively correlated with children's cough etiquette level as perceived by mothers (r=.35, p<.001). Conclusion The development of a systematic cough etiquette education program and measurements for both mothers and children according to their developmental stages is important to effectively prevent respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungsun Kim
- Registered Nurse, Medical Intensive Care Unit, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Sangeun Oh
- Professor, College of Nursing, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
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Bonnett TH, McCorquodale L, Schouten KR. Capturing the voices of mothers: Delivery and content efficacy of a community attachment parenting program. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 49:2330-2347. [PMID: 34269472 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This qualitative case study sought to examine the delivery and content efficacy of a community attachment parenting program developed and hosted by an attachment and trauma-informed organization that services infants and their pre- or postnatal mothers in Ontario, Canada. A focus group and participant reflective journals were employed to amplify the voices of mothers who engaged in the 8-week program. Five overarching themes surfaced in the data which include (1) infant/mother attachment, (2) program delivery validations and recommendations, (3) program content validations and recommendations, (4) facilitator delivery, content and relational competencies and (5) connections with others. The findings of this study are intended to inform future offerings of this program, as well as incite further research to illuminate the voices of mothers and other participants who engage in attachment-postured community parenting programs across the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karen R Schouten
- Executive Director of Attachment & Trauma Parenting Organization, Ontario, Canada
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9
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Carollo A, Lim M, Aryadoust V, Esposito G. Interpersonal Synchrony in the Context of Caregiver-Child Interactions: A Document Co-citation Analysis. Front Psychol 2021; 12:701824. [PMID: 34393940 PMCID: PMC8355520 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.701824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Social interactions accompany individuals throughout their whole lives. When examining the underlying mechanisms of social processes, dynamics of synchrony, coordination or attunement emerge between individuals at multiple levels. To identify the impactful publications that studied such mechanisms and establishing the trends that dynamically originated the available literature, the current study adopted a scientometric approach. A sample of 543 documents dated from 1971 to 2021 was derived from Scopus. Subsequently, a document co-citation analysis was conducted on 29,183 cited references to examine the patterns of co-citation among the documents. The resulting network consisted of 1,759 documents connected to each other by 5,011 links. Within the network, five major clusters were identified. The analysis of the content of the three major clusters-namely, "Behavioral synchrony," "Towards bio-behavioral synchrony," and "Neural attunement"-suggests an interest in studying attunement in social interactions at multiple levels of analysis, from behavioral to neural, by passing through the level of physiological coordination. Furthermore, although initial studies on synchrony focused mostly on parent-child interactions, new hyperscanning paradigms are allowing researchers to explore the role of biobehavioral synchrony in all social processes in a real-time and ecological fashion. Future potential pathways of research were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Carollo
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Mengyu Lim
- Psychology Program, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vahid Aryadoust
- National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gianluca Esposito
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
- Psychology Program, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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Haratipour H, Partash N, Ebrahimi E, Delvarian Zadeh M, Bolbolhaghighi N. Non-physiological and Physiological Delivery Method: Comparison of Maternal Attachment Behaviors and Anxiety. J Caring Sci 2021; 10:37-42. [PMID: 33816383 PMCID: PMC8008231 DOI: 10.34172/jcs.2021.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Attachment is a stable connection or emotional knot between two individuals as one of the parties tries to maintain this connection. Delivery time as a turning point between two stages of attachment is very important. Methods: In a descriptive-analytical study based on specific inclusion criteria, 262 pregnant women were selected in the age range of 15-45 years old and the gestational age of 37 to 42 weeks who were candidates for physiological or non-physiological delivery. After obtaining written consent forms, the demographic information questionnaire was given to the participants. One hour after delivery, the attachment questionnaire was completed by the researcher in the postpartum ward. Also, the Spielberg anxiety inventory was completed up to 1 hour after delivery. Independent sample t test was used to compare the results between the two groups. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 21. Results: The participants in the physiological delivery group showed more positive attachment behaviors in comparison with the other group. In all three dimensions of attachment (emotional, contiguous, and caring behavior), physiological delivery showed higher scores than the other group. Also in non-physiological delivery group, the participants had experienced higher levels of anxiety and the differences between the groups were not significant. Conclusion: Results of the current study indicated that mothers engaged in physiological delivery had higher scores in mother to child attachment behaviors. It means they are more successful than the non-physiological delivery group in getting attached to their babies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosein Haratipour
- Department of Medical Sciences, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran
| | - Nasim Partash
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Allied Medical Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Elham Ebrahimi
- Department of Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehri Delvarian Zadeh
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Allied Medical Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Nahid Bolbolhaghighi
- Department of Health Education, School of Public Health, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
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Augustyn MB, Fulco CJ, Agkebe D, Henry KL. Maternal Substance Abuse and the Mother-Child Relationship in Late Childhood. Subst Use Misuse 2021; 56:2106-2114. [PMID: 34514950 PMCID: PMC8734208 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2021.1972313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study examines the relationship between maternal substance abuse and various aspects of the mother-child relationship in late childhood while accounting for mental health and comorbid substance abuse and mental health among a predominantly racial minority sample. Using 369 mother-child dyads from the Rochester Intergenerational Study (64% Black, 17% Hispanic, and 8% mixed race/ethnicity), multilevel generalized linear models examined the effects of a maternal substance abuse history, a history of clinical depression, and comorbid substance abuse and depression histories on both maternal and child reports of five aspects of the mother-child relationship (i.e. warmth, consistent discipline, maternal knowledge, involvement, and conflict). RESULTS A maternal substance abuse history alone was unrelated to each aspect of the mother-child relationship as perceived by the mother or child, with the exception of child perceptions of maternal knowledge of behavior. Alternatively, a history of depression or comorbid histories of substance abuse and depression was negatively related to warmth, consistent discipline, involvement, and conflict but only as perceived by the mother. CONCLUSIONS This study reinforces the need for integrated treatment programs for women with substance use problems, particularly programs that incorporate mental health and parenting components. Moreover, it highlights specific targets for intervention that can reduce subsequent maternal substance abuse and improve offspring outcomes. The divergence in observed effects across reporter also suggests that future research should use multiple reporters to examine the interpersonal consequences associated maternal substance abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Bears Augustyn
- Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Celia J Fulco
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Della Agkebe
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Kimberly L Henry
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Yamanaka C, Kawata K. Characteristics of Mother-Daughter Relationships and Sexual Risk-Coping Consciousness among Japanese Female University Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17238795. [PMID: 33256149 PMCID: PMC7730645 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17238795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
For heterosexual Japanese women in their early 20s, it is important to maintain good sexual health, develop intimate relationships with a partner, and go through the process of having a family. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of mother-daughter relationships among Japanese female university students and their associations with students’ sexual risk-coping consciousness. We conducted a cross-sectional study using anonymous self-administered questionnaires. Participants were 329 female university students in their junior and senior years. The mother-daughter relationships of the study respondents were divided into the following three clusters: controlled group, close group, and independent group. The close and independent groups often consulted their mothers about sexual matters and, also, tended to be highly capable of actively expressing their opinions and cooperating with their partner in a sexual setting. In contrast, the controlled group revealed a significantly lower percentages of consulting their mothers on sexual matters and scored lower sexual risk-coping consciousness subscale scores. The controlled group may suffer a negative impact of the relationship with their controlling mothers as they try to build a good, trusting relationship with others. The characteristics of mother-daughter relationships may be associated with daughters’ sexual risk-coping consciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kimiko Kawata
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Nursing Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +81-92-642-6742
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Celik M, Ergin A. The effect on pregnant women's prenatal attachment of a nursing practice using the first and second Leopold's maneuvers. Jpn J Nurs Sci 2019; 17:e12297. [PMID: 31762185 DOI: 10.1111/jjns.12297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the effect on pregnant women's prenatal attachment of a nursing practice using the first and second Leopold's maneuvers. METHOD This experimental, randomized and controlled study was conducted in a pregnancy class of a training and research hospital in Kocaeli, Turkey from September 2016 to September 2017. Its sample included 100 pregnant women, 50 in the experimental group and 50 in the control group (https://www.random.org, accessed: 09.20.2016). Data were collected using a personal information form, the Prenatal Attachment Inventory (PAI) and the Fetal Position Awareness Scale (FPAS). The study offered education that included fetal development, the first and second Leopold's maneuvers, and Leopold's maneuvers were administered in the 28th week of the women's pregnancy and re-administered in the 32nd and 36th weeks of pregnancy. No intervention was administered to the control group in these weeks, but the scales were administered. RESULTS The sociodemographic, obstetric, social support and baby-related characteristics of the groups were similar (p > .05). There were no statically significant differences between their mean PAI and FPAS scores in the 28th week of pregnancy (p > .05). The experimental group's mean PAI and the FPAS scores in the 32nd and 36th weeks of pregnancy were significantly higher than those of the control group (p < .01). CONCLUSION The study concluded that Leopold's maneuvers affected the pregnant women's prenatal attachment levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Celik
- Faculty of Medicine Research, Teaching Hospital, MSN, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ayla Ergin
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Midwifery Department, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
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14
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Leckey Y, Hickey G, Stokes A, McGilloway S. Parent and facilitator experiences of an intensive parent and infant programme delivered in routine community settings. Prim Health Care Res Dev 2019; 20:e74. [PMID: 31424376 PMCID: PMC6715579 DOI: 10.1017/s146342361900029x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aims of this study were to (1) assess the initial experiences of parenthood amongst mainly disadvantaged mothers; (2) explore their views on the extent to which they felt they had benefitted (or not) from participating in a newly developed, intensive mother and baby support programme in the community; and (3) explore the perspectives of those who delivered the programme (i.e., facilitators), most of whom were Public Health Nurses (PHNs). BACKGROUND Positive parent-child interactions and appropriate levels of infant stimulation are essential to promoting a child's well-being and laying a foundation in the early years for positive developmental outcomes. It is important, therefore, to examine participants' experiences of community-based, family-focused, early prevention and intervention programmes. METHODS This study was undertaken as part of a larger evaluation of a newly developed parent and infant (PIN) programme which was delivered in two disadvantaged areas in Ireland. One-to-one interviews were conducted with both mothers (n = 22) and facilitators (n = 8) (including three PHNs) plus six focus groups with an additional sub-group of facilitators (n = 17). FINDINGS The collective findings suggest that mothers found the programme helpful in promoting a greater understanding of their infants' behaviour and needs, and in alleviating stress and concerns associated with motherhood. Mothers described feeling more knowledgeable about the importance of regular and appropriate infant interaction to encourage learning and development. Facilitators, specifically PHNs, also reported a greater awareness of the value of infant socioemotional development for their clinical practice and observed greater positive communication between mothers and infants. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that a community-based, intensive mother and baby programme can help to promote parental competence and enhance infant learning and development. Additional benefits in terms of early intervention and positive changes to public health nursing practice are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Leckey
- Currently (and at time of research) Researcher with ENRICH Research Programme, Maynooth University Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, County Kildare, Ireland
| | - Gráinne Hickey
- Currently (and at time of research) Research Programme Manager with ENRICH Research Programme, Maynooth University Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland
| | - Ann Stokes
- Currently (and at time of research) Postdoctoral Researcher with ENRICH Research Programme, Maynooth University Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland
| | - Sinéad McGilloway
- Currently (and at time of research) Director of the Centre for Mental Health and Community Research at Maynooth University, Maynooth University Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland
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15
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Tamman AJF, Sippel LM, Han S, Neria Y, Krystal JH, Southwick SM, Gelernter J, Pietrzak RH. Attachment style moderates effects of FKBP5 polymorphisms and childhood abuse on post-traumatic stress symptoms: Results from the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study. World J Biol Psychiatry 2019; 20:289-300. [PMID: 28891785 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2017.1376114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: To determine the main and interactive effects of four FKBP5 polymorphisms (rs9296158, rs3800373, rs1360780 and rs9470080), childhood abuse and attachment style in predicting severity of PTSD symptoms in two independent, nationally representative samples of US military veterans. Methods: Data were analysed from two independent samples of European-American US military veterans who participated in the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study (N = 1,585 and 577 respectively). Results: Results revealed that carriage of two FKBP5 minor alleles, childhood abuse and insecure attachment style were associated with greater severity of PTSD symptoms. Gene × environment interactions were also observed, with the interaction of FKBP5 homozygous minor allele carriage and history of childhood abuse associated with greater severity of PTSD symptoms; however, these effects were fully counteracted by secure attachment style. Conclusions: Results of this study build on prior work demonstrating a gene × environment interaction between FKBP5 polymorphisms and childhood abuse in predicting risk for PTSD by suggesting that attachment style may moderate this effect. This study has implications for prevention and treatment efforts designed to promote a secure attachment style in veterans with high-risk FKBP5 genotypes and childhood abuse histories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J F Tamman
- a Division of Psychology and Language Sciences , University College London , London , UK.,b The PTSD Research and Treatment Program , Columbia University , New York , NY , USA.,c Anxiety Disorders Clinic , New York State Psychiatric Institute , New York , NY , USA.,d Department of Psychiatry , Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA
| | - Lauren M Sippel
- d Department of Psychiatry , Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA.,e Clinical Neurosciences Division , U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for PTSD, VA Connecticut Healthcare System , West Haven , CT , USA
| | - Shizhong Han
- f Department of Psychiatry , University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine , Iowa City , IA , USA
| | - Yuval Neria
- b The PTSD Research and Treatment Program , Columbia University , New York , NY , USA.,c Anxiety Disorders Clinic , New York State Psychiatric Institute , New York , NY , USA
| | - John H Krystal
- d Department of Psychiatry , Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA.,e Clinical Neurosciences Division , U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for PTSD, VA Connecticut Healthcare System , West Haven , CT , USA
| | - Steven M Southwick
- d Department of Psychiatry , Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA.,e Clinical Neurosciences Division , U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for PTSD, VA Connecticut Healthcare System , West Haven , CT , USA
| | - Joel Gelernter
- d Department of Psychiatry , Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA.,e Clinical Neurosciences Division , U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for PTSD, VA Connecticut Healthcare System , West Haven , CT , USA
| | - Robert H Pietrzak
- d Department of Psychiatry , Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA.,e Clinical Neurosciences Division , U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for PTSD, VA Connecticut Healthcare System , West Haven , CT , USA
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Matza T. Global Ambitions: Evidence, Scale, and Child Well-being in El Salvador. Med Anthropol Q 2019; 33:364-385. [PMID: 30768731 DOI: 10.1111/maq.12505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Experimental design and metrics have become increasingly common in international assistance, as donor agencies have demanded rigorous forms of evaluation and monitoring. This article contributes to debates about the effects of an "evidence-based turn" on interventions and recipients by exploring two questions: What constitutes evidence when it comes to everyday practices of aid at global scales? How are the goals of assistance affected? The article draws on collaborative research with an NGO and a group of social scientists who seek to improve child well-being in El Salvador. It shows how evidence-making was polysemic and costly, ultimately impacting the NGO's planned intervention. This outcome, I argue, was not a matter of poor planning, but reflects structural, evidence-making demands placed on global assistance at this historical conjuncture. Discussions among stakeholders about the trade-offs between evidence-making and assistance is a possible future route through the challenges described in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Matza
- Department of Anthropology, University of Pittsburgh
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Assous A, Borghini A, Levi-Rueff M, Rittori G, Rousselot-Pailley B, Gosme C, Zigante F, Golse B, Falissard B, Robel L. Children with mixed developmental language disorder have more insecure patterns of attachment. BMC Psychol 2018; 6:54. [PMID: 30442175 PMCID: PMC6238300 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-018-0268-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Developmental Language disorders (DLD) are developmental disorders that can affect both expressive and receptive language. When severe and persistent, they are often associated with psychiatric comorbidities and poor social outcome. The development of language involves early parent-infant interactions. The quality of these interactions is reflected in the quality of the child’s attachment patterns. We hypothesized that children with DLD are at greater risk of insecure attachment, making them more vulnerable to psychiatric comorbidities. Therefore, we investigated the patterns of attachment of children with expressive and mixed expressive- receptive DLD. Methods Forty-six participants, from 4 years 6 months to 7 years 5 months old, 12 with expressive Specific Language Impairment (DLD), and 35 with mixed DLD, were recruited through our learning disorder clinic, and compared to 23 normally developing children aged 3 years and a half. The quality of attachment was measured using the Attachment Stories Completion Task (ASCT) developed by Bretherton. Results Children with developmental mixed language disorders were significantly less secure and more disorganized than normally developing children. Conclusions Investigating the quality of attachment in children with DLD in the early stages could be important to adapt therapeutic strategies and to improve their social and psychiatric outcomes later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Assous
- APHP Hospital Necker Enfants Malades, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 149-162 rue de Sèvres, 75015, Paris, France.,UFR Etudes Psychanalytiques, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CRPMS, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Ayala Borghini
- SUPEA Pedopsychiatrie de liaison, SUPEA, CHUV, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maryse Levi-Rueff
- CHS Sainte Anne, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, UPPEA, 1 rue Cabanis, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Guy Rittori
- APHP Hospital Necker Enfants Malades, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 149-162 rue de Sèvres, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Bérangère Rousselot-Pailley
- APHP Hospital Necker Enfants Malades, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 149-162 rue de Sèvres, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Christelle Gosme
- APHP Hospital Necker Enfants Malades, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 149-162 rue de Sèvres, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Franck Zigante
- APHP Hospital Necker Enfants Malades, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 149-162 rue de Sèvres, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Bernard Golse
- APHP Hospital Necker Enfants Malades, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 149-162 rue de Sèvres, 75015, Paris, France.,PCPP, Paris Descartes University, USPC, Paris, France
| | | | - Laurence Robel
- APHP Hospital Necker Enfants Malades, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 149-162 rue de Sèvres, 75015, Paris, France. .,PCPP, Paris Descartes University, USPC, Paris, France. .,CESP, INSERM U1178, Paris-Descartes University, USPC, Paris, 75014, Paris, France.
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Prenatal lead exposure modifies the association of maternal self-esteem with child adaptive ability. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2018; 222:68-75. [PMID: 30146178 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A child's adaptive ability is important for personal career and social development. Maternal self-esteem may help shape a child's behavior. This study aims to investigate whether maternal self-esteem measured when their children were toddlers predicts their children's adaptive skills at school age, and whether prenatal lead exposure modifies such a relationship. METHODS We assessed prenatal lead exposure using cord blood lead and maternal bone lead around delivery (tibia and patella lead measured in vivo by K-x-ray-fluorescence) among 192 mother-child pairs investigated in Mexico from 1994 to 2011. Maternal self-esteem was measured using the Coopersmith-Self-esteem-Inventory when children were 2 years old. When children were 7-to-15 years old, we measured children's blood lead levels and administered the 2nd edition of Behavior-Assessment-System-for-Children (BASC-2) parent-rating-scales (PRS) and Self-Reports of Personality (SRP) to evaluate children's adaptive skills. RESULTS Median (P25, P75) values for maternal patella and tibia lead, cord blood lead and children's current blood lead levels were 12.6 (3.2, 21.7) μg/g, 10.2 (4.1, 16.0) μg/g, 5.5 (3.5, 8.1) μg/dL and 2.7 (2.0, 4.0) μg/dL, respectively. In adjusted models, increased maternal self-esteem was associated with increased adaptive T-scores on the BASC-2 PRS and SRP scales. This relationship was weaker in high prenatal lead-exposure groups (high cord blood lead or patella lead groups, P25P100) compared with low prenatal lead-exposure (low cord blood lead or patella lead groups, P1P25) groups (P-interaction values < 0.10). No significant interactions between maternal tibia lead and self-esteem on children's adaptive T-scores were observed (P-interaction values > 0.10). CONCLUSIONS Toddlers of mothers with high (vs. low) self-esteem have better adaptive abilities when they are of school-age. Prenatal lead exposure may attenuate or eliminate this positive association.
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Wambua GN, Obondo A, Bifulco A, Kumar M. The role of attachment relationship in adolescents' problem behavior development: a cross-sectional study of Kenyan adolescents in Nairobi city. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2018; 12:27. [PMID: 29881453 PMCID: PMC5984764 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-018-0237-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a significant link between insecure attachment and the development of psychopathology in adolescence. We investigated the relationship between adolescent attachment styles and the development of emotional and behavioral problems among adolescents in Kenya. We also examined the modifying influence of socio-economic-status (SES). METHOD One hundred and thirty-seven adolescents who were attending two schools participated in the study. One school (low SES school) catered for children from predominantly low-income households, while the second school (middle SES school) catered for children from predominantly middle-income households. The data were collected using three instruments: researcher designed questionnaire to obtain socio-demographic information, the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) that is designed to assess symptoms of disorder, and the Vulnerable Attachment Scale Questionnaire (VASQ) that is designed to measure attachment style. RESULTS Adolescents from the low SES school had higher vulnerable attachment scores than those from the middle SES school (t(135) = - 2.5, P = 0.02). Male students had higher vulnerable attachment scores than females (P = 0.03). Adolescents who had experienced adversity in childhood had higher vulnerable attachment scores than those who had not (P < 0.00). Results from Pearson's correlation showed moderate to strong positive correlations between attachment insecurity and emotional and behavioral problems with participants who had higher emotional symptoms (r = 0.47, P < 0.01), conduct problem score (r = 0.33, P < 0.01), hyperactivity (r = 0.26, P < 0.01) and total difficulty scores (r = 0.47, P < 0.01), experiencing significantly higher levels of attachment insecurity than those with lower scores. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS This study supports the notion that attachment insecurity increases the adolescents' susceptibility to develop psychological problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Nduku Wambua
- 0000 0001 2019 0495grid.10604.33Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 19676, 00202 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Anne Obondo
- 0000 0001 2019 0495grid.10604.33Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 19676, 00202 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Antonia Bifulco
- 0000 0001 0710 330Xgrid.15822.3cDepartment of Psychology, Middlesex University, London, UK
| | - Manasi Kumar
- 0000 0001 2019 0495grid.10604.33Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, 47074, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya ,0000000121901201grid.83440.3bResearch Department of Clinical Health and Educational Psychology, University College London, London, WC1E7BT UK
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Barlow J, Herath NINS, Bartram Torrance C, Bennett C, Wei Y. The Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS) and Newborn Behavioral Observations (NBO) system for supporting caregivers and improving outcomes in caregivers and their infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018. [PMID: 29537066 PMCID: PMC6494209 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd011754.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The first three years of a child's life are a key period of physical, physiological, cognitive and social development, and the caregiver-infant relationship in early infancy plays an important role in influencing these aspects of development. Specifically, caregiver attunement facilitates the move from coregulation to self-regulation; a parent's ability to understand their infant's behaviour as communication is a key part of this process. Early, brief interventions such as the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS) or Neonatal Behavioral Observation (NBO) system are potential methods of improving outcomes for both infant and caregiver. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of the NBAS and NBO system for improving caregiver-infant interaction and related outcomes in caregivers and newborn babies. Secondary objectives were to determine whether the NBAS and NBO are more effective for particular groups of infants or parents, and to identify the factors associated with increased effectiveness (e.g. timing, duration, etc.). SEARCH METHODS In September 2017 we searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, 12 other databases and four trials registers. We also handsearched reference lists of included studies and relevant systematic reviews, and we contacted the Brazelton Institute and searched its websites to identify any ongoing and unpublished studies. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs that had used at least one standardised measure to assess the effects of the NBAS or NBO versus inactive control for improving outcomes for caregivers and their infants. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two reviewer authors independently assessed the records retrieved from the search. One reviewer extracted data, and a second checked them for accuracy. We presented the results for each outcome in each study as standardised mean differences (SMDs) or as risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). When appropriate, we combined the results in a meta-analysis using standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane. We used the GRADE approach to assess the overall quality of the body of evidence for each outcome. MAIN RESULTS We identified and included 16 RCTs in this review: 13 assessing the NBAS and 3 the NBO for improving outcomes in 851 randomised participants, including parents and their premature or newborn (aged 4 to 12 weeks) infants. All studies took place in the USA, and we judged all of them to be at high risk of bias.Seven studies involving 304 participants contributed data to one meta-analysis of the impact of the NBAS or NBO for caregiver-infant interaction, and the results suggest a significant, medium-sized difference between intervention and control groups (SMD -0.53, 95% CI -0.90 to -0.17; very low-quality evidence), with moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 51%). Subgroup analysis comparing the two types of programmes (i.e. NBAS and NBO) found a medium but non-significant effect for the NBAS (-0.49, 95% CI -0.99 to 0.00, 5 studies), with high levels of heterogeneity (I2 = 61%), compared with a significant, large effect size for the NBO (-0.69, 95% CI -1.18 to -0.20, 2 studies), with no heterogeneity (I2 = 0.0%). A test for subgroup differences between the two models, however, was not significant. One study found a significant impact on the secondary outcome of caregiver knowledge (SMD -1.30, 95% CI -2.16 to -0.44; very low-quality evidence). There was no evidence of an impact on maternal depression. We did not identify any adverse effects. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is currently only very low-quality evidence for the effectiveness of the NBAS and NBO in terms of improving parent-infant interaction for mostly low-risk, first-time caregivers and their infants. Further research is underway regarding the effectiveness of the NBO and is necessary to corroborate these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Barlow
- University of OxfordDepartment of Social Policy and InterventionBarnett House32 Wellington SquareOxfordUKOX1 2ER
| | - Nadeeja INS Herath
- University of WarwickDivision of Mental Health and Wellbeing, Warwick Medical SchoolCoventryUKCV4 7AL
| | - Christine Bartram Torrance
- Warwick Medical School, University of WarwickDivision of Mental Health and WellbeingMedical School BuildingCoventryUKCV4 7AL
| | - Cathy Bennett
- Coventry UniversityCentre for Technology Enabled Health Research (CTEHR)Priory StreetCoventryUKCV1 5FB
| | - Yinghui Wei
- University of PlymouthCentre for Mathematical Sciences, School of Computing, Electronics and MathematicsPlymouthUK
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Worku BN, Abessa TG, Wondafrash M, Vanvuchelen M, Bruckers L, Kolsteren P, Granitzer M. The relationship of undernutrition/psychosocial factors and developmental outcomes of children in extreme poverty in Ethiopia. BMC Pediatr 2018; 18:45. [PMID: 29426302 PMCID: PMC5809114 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-018-1009-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extreme poverty is severe deprivation of basic needs and services. Children living in extreme poverty may lack adequate parental care and face increased developmental and health risks. However, there is a paucity of literature on the combined influences of undernutrition and psychosocial factors (such as limited play materials, playground, playtime, interactions of children with their peers and mother-child interaction) on children's developmental outcomes. The main objective of this study was, therefore, to ascertain the association of developmental outcomes and psychosocial factors after controlling nutritional indices. METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study design was used to compare the developmental outcomes of extremely poor children (N = 819: 420 girls and 399 boys) younger than 5 years versus age-matched reference children (N = 819: 414 girls and 405 boys) in South-West Ethiopia. Using Denver II-Jimma, development in personal-social, language, fine and gross motor skills were assessed, and social-emotional skills were evaluated using the Ages and Stages Questionnaires: Social-Emotional (ASQ: SE). Nutritional status was derived from the anthropometric method. Independent samples t-test was used to detect mean differences in developmental outcomes between extremely poor and reference children. Multiple linear regression analysis was employed to identify nutritional and psychosocial factors associated with the developmental scores of children in extreme poverty. RESULTS Children in extreme poverty performed worse in all the developmental domains than the reference children. Among the 819 extremely poor children, 325 (39.7%) were stunted, 135 (16.5%) were underweight and 27 (3.3%) were wasted. The results also disclosed that stunting and underweightness were negatively associated with all the developmental skills. After taking into account the effects of stunting and being underweight on the developmental scores, it was observed that limited play activities, limited child-to-child interactions and mother-child relationships were negatively related mainly to gross motor and language performances of children in extreme poverty. CONCLUSION Undernutrition and psychosocial factors were negatively related to the developmental outcomes, independently, of children living in extreme poverty. Intervention, for these children, should integrate home-based play-assisted developmental stimulation and nutritional rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berhanu Nigussie Worku
- Department of Psychology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
- REVAL Rehabilitation Research Centre, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine & Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Teklu Gemechu Abessa
- Department of Special Needs and Inclusive Education, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
- REVAL Rehabilitation Research Centre, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine & Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Mekitie Wondafrash
- Department of Population and Family Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
- Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marleen Vanvuchelen
- REVAL Rehabilitation Research Centre, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine & Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth Bruckers
- Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Patrick Kolsteren
- Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marita Granitzer
- REVAL Rehabilitation Research Centre, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine & Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
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Abstract
Separation of mothers and infants after birth is standard practice for many hospitals, yet not evidence-based. Nonseparation clearly has numerous benefits. However, newborns lack a voice to make choices to direct their course of care. The evidence supports nonseparation strategies for mothers and infants that promote attachment, physiologic regulation, nutrition, sleep, communication, and management of stress/pain. Moreover, the evidence is compelling that nonseparation is essential. The time has come to act on the evidence and begin seeing the care we provide through the newborn's eyes.
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Cohen LJ, Ardalan F, Tanis T, Halmi W, Galynker I, Von Wyl A, Hengartner MP. Attachment anxiety and avoidance as mediators of the association between childhood maltreatment and adult personality dysfunction. Attach Hum Dev 2016; 19:58-75. [DOI: 10.1080/14616734.2016.1253639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Ventriglio A, Gupta S, Bhugra D. Why do we need a social psychiatry? Br J Psychiatry 2016; 209:1-2. [PMID: 27369473 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.115.175349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Human beings are social animals, and familial or social relationships can cause a variety of difficulties as well as providing support in our social functioning. The traditional way of looking at mental illness has focused on abnormal thoughts, actions and behaviours in response to internal causes (such as biological factors) as well as external ones such as social determinants and social stressors. We contend that psychiatry is social. Mental illness and interventions in psychiatry should be considered in the framework of social context where patients live and factors they face on a daily basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Ventriglio
- Antonio Ventriglio, MD, PhD, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy; Susham Gupta, MRCPsych, MSc, East London Mental Health Foundation NHS Trust, London; Dinesh Bhugra, FRCP, FRCPE, FRCPsych, FFPH, MPhil, PhD, Health Service & Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Susham Gupta
- Antonio Ventriglio, MD, PhD, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy; Susham Gupta, MRCPsych, MSc, East London Mental Health Foundation NHS Trust, London; Dinesh Bhugra, FRCP, FRCPE, FRCPsych, FFPH, MPhil, PhD, Health Service & Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Dinesh Bhugra
- Antonio Ventriglio, MD, PhD, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy; Susham Gupta, MRCPsych, MSc, East London Mental Health Foundation NHS Trust, London; Dinesh Bhugra, FRCP, FRCPE, FRCPsych, FFPH, MPhil, PhD, Health Service & Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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Hareendran A, Setyawan J, Pokrzywinski R, Steenrod A, Madhoo M, Erder MH. Evaluating functional outcomes in adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: development and initial testing of a self-report instrument. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2015; 13:133. [PMID: 26297205 PMCID: PMC4546290 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-015-0302-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Engaging adolescents in decisions about their health may enhance their compliance with treatment and result in better health outcomes. Treatment outcomes in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are rarely evaluated from the adolescents’ point of view. There is also concern that adolescents with ADHD may not have insight about the impacts of their disease. This article describes research conducted to understand the experiences of adolescents with ADHD and how the research was used to develop an adolescent self-report instrument. Methods This research involved an iterative process to ensure content validity and was conducted in the following stages: concept identification from literature reviews and interviews with teachers and clinicians; concept elicitation interviews with adolescents with ADHD and their caregivers, review of existing instruments; development of a new instrument and cognitive interviews. Experts in instrument development and translation and clinical practitioners in ADHD also participated. Results A conceptual framework to measure the impact of ADHD on adolescent functioning identified from concept identification research informed concept elicitation interviews with 60 adolescents with ADHD and their primary caregivers. In the interviews, adolescents discussed difficulties with performing activities in various contexts: school, home, leisure activities and social interactions. Caregivers provided additional insights. The instrument review revealed that none of the existing instruments were suitable to collect data on the elicited concepts; therefore, a new instrument was developed. Revisions were made to the format and content of the instrument (a daily diary) based on feedback received from cognitive testing with 15 adolescents. Conclusions Our research helped to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the impacts of ADHD on adolescent functioning, to inform the development of a new instrument for measuring outcomes. Adolescents were able to discuss the impact of ADHD on their lives in concept elicitation interviews and report the impacts of ADHD on a self-report instrument. The new instrument developed to reflect the perspective of adolescents with ADHD can be used to supplement outcome assessments in clinic and research settings. Scientific advocacy for the use of such measures can be valuable to measure outcomes meaningful to adolescents with ADHD and the clinical community.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juliana Setyawan
- Global Health Economics Outcomes Research, Shire, Wayne, PA, USA.
| | | | | | | | - M Haim Erder
- Global Health Economics and Epidemiology, Shire, Wayne, PA, USA (Affiliation at the time of the study).
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Bartram SC, Barlow J, Wolke D. The Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS) and Newborn Behavioral Observations system (NBO) for supporting caregivers and improving outcomes in caregivers and their infants. Hippokratia 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd011754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Christine Bartram
- Warwick Medical School; Division of Mental Health and Wellbeing; University of Warwick Medical School Building Coventry UK CV4 7AL
| | - Jane Barlow
- University of Warwick; Division of Mental Health and Wellbeing, Warwick Medical School; Gibbett Hill Road Coventry UK CV4 7LF
| | - Dieter Wolke
- University of Warwick; Department of Psychology; Gibbet Hill Coventry UK CV5 9FD
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Rawatlal N, Pillay BJ, Kliewer W. Socioeconomic status, family-related variables, and caregiver–adolescent attachment. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/0081246315588906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Associations between financial disadvantage, family structure, and indicators of the caregiver–adolescent relationship and family functioning were examined in a sample of 206 families recruited from low socioeconomic status (SES) communities in Durban, South Africa. Participants included a maternal caregiver and an adolescent (65.5% female) from each family; adolescents were in Grade 7 ( n = 175) or Grade 10 ( n = 31). Data were collected via home interviews. The sample was diverse in terms of race. One-fifth of the sample reported a household income of R1500 or less; two-thirds of the sample earned R5000 per month or less. Median level of caregiver education was Grades 9–11. Just under half (45.1%) of the adolescents lived with both parents. Indicators of SES were household income and maternal education. Since financial resources and family structure are associated, a series of regression analyses with household income, parental education, and family structure as the predictors were used to examine associations with adolescent- and parent-reported family functioning and with youth reports of caregiver support and attachment. In the models predicting adolescent attachment, income was the only unique predictor, with higher household incomes associated with less anxious attachment relationships. For the model predicting perceived support from mother, maternal education was the only unique predictor. Higher maternal education was associated with more perceived support. The models predicting support from father, or parent- or adolescent-rated family functioning were not significant. These data contribute to our understanding of linkages between structural indicators and family relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishola Rawatlal
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Basil J Pillay
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Wendy Kliewer
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA
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Ghosh S, Chowdhury SD, Chandra AM, Ghosh T. Grades of undernutrition and socioeconomic status influence cognitive development in school children of Kolkata. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2014; 156:274-85. [PMID: 25348835 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satabdi Ghosh
- Department of Physiology; University College of Science and Technology; University of Calcutta; Kolkata West Bengal 700 009 India
| | - Sutanu Dutta Chowdhury
- Department of Physiology; University College of Science and Technology; University of Calcutta; Kolkata West Bengal 700 009 India
| | - Ananga Mohan Chandra
- Department of Physiology; University College of Science and Technology; University of Calcutta; Kolkata West Bengal 700 009 India
| | - Tusharkanti Ghosh
- Department of Physiology; University College of Science and Technology; University of Calcutta; Kolkata West Bengal 700 009 India
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Jonsson B, Jonsson N. Early environment influences later performance in fishes. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2014; 85:151-88. [PMID: 24961386 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Conditions fish encounter during embryogenesis and early life history can leave lasting effects not only on morphology, but also on growth rate, life-history and behavioural traits. The ecology of offspring can be affected by conditions experienced by their parents and mother in particular. This review summarizes such early impacts and their ecological influences for a variety of teleost species, but with special reference to salmonids. Growth and adult body size, sex ratio, egg size, lifespan and tendency to migrate can all be affected by early influences. Mechanisms behind such phenotypically plastic impacts are not well known, but epigenetic change appears to be one central mechanism. The thermal regime during development and incubation is particularly important, but also early food consumption and intraspecific density can all be responsible for later life-history variation. For behavioural traits, early experiences with effects on brain, sensory development and cognition appear essential. This may also influence boldness and other social behaviours such as mate choice. At the end of the review, several issues and questions for future studies are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Jonsson
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway
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