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Bernardo EM, Pedroza AADS, Ferreira DJS, de Andrade SC, Rozendo A, Fernandes MSDS, Silva TL, Fernandes MP, Lagranha CJ. The deleterious effects of maternal protein deprivation on the brainstem are minimized with moderate physical activity by offspring during early life. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2024; 49:157-166. [PMID: 37816257 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2023-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Maternal protein malnutrition during developmental periods might impair the redox state and the brain's excitatory/inhibitory neural network, increasing central sympathetic tone. Conversely, moderate physical exercise at an early age reduces the risk of chronic diseases. Thus, we hypothesized that a moderate training protocol could reduce the harmful effects of a low-protein maternal diet on the brainstem of young male offspring. We used a rat model of maternal protein restriction during the gestational and lactation period followed by an offspring's continuous treadmill exercise. Pregnant rats were divided into two groups according to the protein content in the diet: normoprotein (NP), receiving 17% of casein, and low protein (LP), receiving 8% of casein until the end of lactation. At 30 days of age, the male offspring were further subdivided into sedentary (NP-Sed and LP-Sed) or exercised (NP-Ex and LP-Ex) groups. Treadmill exercise was performed as follows: 4 weeks, 5 days/week, 60 min/day at 50% of maximal running capacity. The trained animals performed a treadmill exercise at 50% of the maximal running capacity, 60 min/day, 5 days/week, for 4 weeks. Our results indicate that a low-protein diet promotes deficits in the antioxidant system and a likely mitochondrial uncoupling. On the other hand, physical exercise restores the redox balance, which leads to decreased oxidative stress caused by the diet. In addition, it also promotes benefits to GABAergic inhibitory signaling. We conclude that regular moderate physical exercise performed in youthhood protects the brainstem against changes induced by maternal protein restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Severina Cassia de Andrade
- Neuropsyquiatry and Behavioral Science Graduate Program, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Allifer Rozendo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry/CAV, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antao, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Tercya Lucidi Silva
- Neuropsyquiatry and Behavioral Science Graduate Program, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Mariana Pinheiro Fernandes
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry/CAV, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antao, PE, Brazil
| | - Claudia J Lagranha
- Biochemistry and Physiology Graduate Program, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
- Neuropsyquiatry and Behavioral Science Graduate Program, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry/CAV, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antao, PE, Brazil
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Fernandes MS, Pedroza AA, de Andrade Silva SC, de Lemos MDT, Bernardo EM, Pereira AR, Dos Santos TM, Lagranha C. Undernutrition during development modulates endoplasmic reticulum stress genes in the hippocampus of juvenile rats: Involvement of oxidative stress. Brain Res 2022; 1797:148098. [PMID: 36162496 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate whether exercise training mitigates the deleterious effects of undernutrition during the developmental period in juvenile Wistar rats. Pregnant Wistar rats were fed with a diet containing 17 % or 8 % casein during pregnancy and lactation. At 30 days of life, male offspring were divided into 4 groups: Low-Protein non-trained (LS), Low-Protein Trained (LT), Normoprotein non-trained (NS), and Normoprotein Trained (NT). Trained rats performed aerobic exercise training (AET) for 4 weeks, 5 days a week, 1 h a day. 24 h from the last day of training, the animals were sacrificed. The tissues were removed to analyze indicators of mitochondrial metabolism, oxidative stress, and gene expression of GRP78, PERK, ATF6 ER stress markers, and BDNF. The results showed that undernutrition during development promotes deleterious effects on mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and induces reticulum stress in the hippocampus of juvenile rats. On the other hand, AET improves mitochondrial function and increases enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity, as well as declines ER stress. AET at moderate intensity for 4 weeks in male juvenile Wistar rats acts as a lifestyle intervention opposing the negative effects induced by a protein-restricted maternal diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Santos Fernandes
- Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry / CAV, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil; Physical Education and Sport Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Anderson Apolônio Pedroza
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Physiology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry / CAV, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Severina Cássia de Andrade Silva
- Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry / CAV, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Maria Daniele Teixeira de Lemos
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Physiology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry / CAV, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Elenilson M Bernardo
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Physiology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry / CAV, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Allifer R Pereira
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry / CAV, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Tony Meireles Dos Santos
- Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil; Physical Education and Sport Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Claudia Lagranha
- Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Physiology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry / CAV, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil.
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Simões-Alves AC, Arcoverde-Mello APFC, Campos JDO, Wanderley AG, Leandro CVG, da Costa-Silva JH, de Oliveira Nogueira Souza V. Cardiometabolic Effects of Postnatal High-Fat Diet Consumption in Offspring Exposed to Maternal Protein Restriction In Utero. Front Physiol 2022; 13:829920. [PMID: 35620602 PMCID: PMC9127546 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.829920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the high incidence of infectious and parasitic diseases has been replaced by a high prevalence of chronic and degenerative diseases. Concomitantly, there have been profound changes in the behavior and eating habits of families around the world, characterizing a "nutritional transition" phenomenon, which refers to a shift in diet in response to modernization, urbanization, or economic development from undernutrition to the excessive consumption of hypercaloric and ultra-processed foods. Protein malnutrition that was a health problem in the first half of the 20th century has now been replaced by high-fat diets, especially diets high in saturated fat, predisposing consumers to overweight and obesity. This panorama points us to the alarming coexistence of both malnutrition and obesity in the same population. In this way, individuals whose mothers were undernourished early in pregnancy and then exposed to postnatal hyperlipidic nutrition have increased risk factors for developing metabolic dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases in adulthood. Thus, our major aim was to review the cardiometabolic effects resulting from postnatal hyperlipidic diets in protein-restricted subjects, as well as to examine the epigenetic repercussions occasioned by the nutritional transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiany Cibelle Simões-Alves
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Fonseca Cabral Arcoverde-Mello
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | - Jéssica de Oliveira Campos
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | | | - Carol Virginia Gois Leandro
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | - João Henrique da Costa-Silva
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | - Viviane de Oliveira Nogueira Souza
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
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Ferreira ARO, Ribeiro MVG, Peres MNC, Piovan S, Gonçalves GD, Saavedra LPJ, Martins JNDL, Junior MDF, Cavalcante KVN, Lopes GKG, Carneiro M, Almeida DL, Gomes RM, Comar JF, Armitage JA, Mathias PCDF, Palma-Rigo K. Protein Restriction in the Peri-Pubertal Period Induces Autonomic Dysfunction and Cardiac and Vascular Structural Changes in Adult Rats. Front Physiol 2022; 13:840179. [PMID: 35574445 PMCID: PMC9095958 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.840179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Perturbations to nutrition during critical periods are associated with changes in embryonic, fetal or postnatal developmental patterns that may render the offspring more likely to develop cardiovascular disease in later life. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether autonomic nervous system imbalance underpins in the long-term hypertension induced by dietary protein restriction during peri-pubertal period. Male Wistar rats were assigned to groups fed with a low protein (4% protein, LP) or control diet (20.5% protein; NP) during peri-puberty, from post-natal day (PN) 30 until PN60, and then all were returned to a normal protein diet until evaluation of cardiovascular and autonomic function at PN120. LP rats showed long-term increased mean arterial pressure (p = 0.002) and sympathetic arousal; increased power of the low frequency (LF) band of the arterial pressure spectral (p = 0.080) compared with NP animals. The depressor response to the ganglion blocker hexamethonium was increased in LP compared with control animals (p = 0.006). Pulse interval variability showed an increase in the LF band and LF/HF ratio (p = 0.062 and p = 0.048) in LP animals. The cardiac response to atenolol and/or methylatropine and the baroreflex sensitivity were similar between groups. LP animals showed ventricular hypertrophy (p = 0.044) and increased interstitial fibrosis (p = 0.028) compared with controls. Reduced protein carbonyls (PC) (p = 0.030) and catalase activity (p = 0.001) were observed in hearts from LP animals compared with control. In the brainstem, the levels of PC (p = 0.002) and the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase (p = 0.044 and p = 0.012) were reduced in LP animals, while the levels of GSH and total glutathione were higher (p = 0.039 and p = 0.038) compared with NP animals. Protein restriction during peri-pubertal period leads to hypertension later in life accompanied by sustained sympathetic arousal, which may be associated with a disorganization of brain and cardiac redox state and structural cardiac alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rebeka Oliveira Ferreira
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Maiara Vanusa Guedes Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Maria Natalia Chimirri Peres
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Silvano Piovan
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Géssica Dutra Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Lucas Paulo Jacinto Saavedra
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Juliana Nunes de Lima Martins
- Laboratory of Liver Metabolism and Radioisotopes, Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Marcos Divino Ferreira Junior
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Brazil
| | - Keilah Valeria Naves Cavalcante
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Brazil
| | - Gabriel kian Guimarães Lopes
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Mariane Carneiro
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Douglas Lopes Almeida
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Mello Gomes
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Brazil
| | - Jurandir Fernando Comar
- Laboratory of Liver Metabolism and Radioisotopes, Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Cezar de Freitas Mathias
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Kesia Palma-Rigo
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
- Adventist College of Parana, Ivatuba, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Kesia Palma-Rigo,
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Castro TDF, de Matos NA, de Souza ABF, Costa GDP, Perucci LO, Talvani A, Cangussú SD, Chianca-Jr DA, de Menezes RCA, Bezerra FS. Protein restriction during pregnancy affects lung development and promotes oxidative stress and inflammation in C57BL/6 mice offspring. Nutrition 2022; 101:111682. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Fragoso J, Carvalho Jurema Santos G, da Silva HT, Loizon E, de Oliveira Nogueira Souza V, Vidal H, Guedes RCA, Costa-Silva JH, da Silva Aragão R, Pirola L, Leandro CG. Effects of maternal low-protein diet and spontaneous physical activity on the transcription of neurotrophic factors in the placenta and the brains of mothers and offspring rats. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2021; 12:505-512. [PMID: 32799949 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174420000756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Maternal protein restriction and physical activity can affect the interaction mother-placenta-fetus. This study quantified the gene expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurothrophin 4, tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB/NTRK2), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), and insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1r) in the different areas of mother's brain (hypothalamus, hippocampus, and cortex), placenta, and fetus' brain of rats. Female Wistar rats (n = 20) were housed in cages containing a running wheel for 4 weeks before gestation. According to the distance spontaneously traveled daily, rats were classified as inactive or active. During gestation, on continued access to the running wheel, active and inactive groups were randomized to receive normoprotein diet (18% protein) or a low-protein (LP) diet (8% protein). At day 20 of gestation, gene expression of neurotrophic factors was analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in different brain areas and the placenta. Dams submitted to a LP diet during gestation showed upregulation of IGF-1r and BDNF messenger RNA in the hypothalamus, IGF-1r and NTRK2 in the hippocampus, and BDNF, NTRK2, IGF-1 and IGF-1r in the cortex. In the placenta, there was a downregulation of IGF-1. In the brain of pups from mothers on LP diet, IGF-1r and NTRK2 were downregulated. Voluntary physical activity attenuated the effects of LP diet on IGF-1r in the hypothalamus, IGF-1r and NTRK2 in the hippocampus, IGF-1 in the placenta, and NTRK2 in the fetus' brain. In conclusion, both maternal protein restriction and spontaneous physical activity influence the gene expression of BDNF, NTRK2, IGF-1, and IGF-1r, with spontaneous physical activity being able to normalize in part the defects caused by protein restriction during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Fragoso
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901Recife, PE, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Federal University of Pernambuco, 55608-680Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Carvalho Jurema Santos
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Federal University of Pernambuco, 55608-680Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Emmanuelle Loizon
- CarMeN (Cardiology, Metabolism and Nutrition) Laboratory, INSERM U1060, Lyon-1 University, South Lyon Medical Faculty, 69921Oullins, France
| | | | - Hubert Vidal
- CarMeN (Cardiology, Metabolism and Nutrition) Laboratory, INSERM U1060, Lyon-1 University, South Lyon Medical Faculty, 69921Oullins, France
| | | | - João Henrique Costa-Silva
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Federal University of Pernambuco, 55608-680Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Raquel da Silva Aragão
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Federal University of Pernambuco, 55608-680Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Luciano Pirola
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901Recife, PE, Brazil
- CarMeN (Cardiology, Metabolism and Nutrition) Laboratory, INSERM U1060, Lyon-1 University, South Lyon Medical Faculty, 69921Oullins, France
| | - Carol Gois Leandro
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901Recife, PE, Brazil
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Silva Pedroza AA, Bernardo EM, Pereira AR, Andrade Silva SC, Lima TA, de Moura Freitas C, da Silva Junior JC, Gomes DA, Ferreira DS, Lagranha CJ. Moderate offspring exercise offsets the harmful effects of maternal protein deprivation on mitochondrial function and oxidative balance by modulating sirtuins. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:1622-1634. [PMID: 33810953 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS It has been demonstrated that maternal low protein during development induces mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in the heart. Moderate-intensity exercise in early life, conversely, increases the overall cardiac health. Thus, we hypothesize that moderate-intensity exercise performed during young age could ameliorate the deleterious effect of maternal protein deprivation on cardiac bioenergetics. METHODS AND RESULTS We used a rat model of maternal protein restriction during gestational and lactation period followed by an offspring treadmill moderate physical training. Pregnant rats were divided into two groups: normal nutrition receiving 17% of casein in the diet and undernutrition receiving a low-protein diet (8% casein). At 30 days of age, the male offspring were further subdivided into sedentary (NS and LS) or exercised (NT and LT) groups. Treadmill exercise was performed as follows: 4 weeks, 5 days/week, 60 min/day at 50% of maximal running capacity. Our results showed that a low-protein diet decreases oxidative metabolism and mitochondrial function associated with higher oxidative stress. In contrast, exercise rescues mitochondrial capacity and promotes a cellular resilience to oxidative stress. Up-regulation of cardiac sirtuin 1 and 3 decreased acetylation levels, redeeming from the deleterious effect of protein restriction. CONCLUSION Our findings show that moderate daily exercise during a young age acts as a therapeutical intervention opposing the harmful effects of a maternal diet restricted in protein.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elenilson M Bernardo
- Biochemistry and Physiology Graduate Program, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Allifer R Pereira
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, CAV- Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Severina Cassia Andrade Silva
- Neuropsyquiatry and Behavior Science Graduate Program, Federal University of Pernambuco-UFPE, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Talitta A Lima
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, CAV- Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Cristiane de Moura Freitas
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, CAV- Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Jose Carlos da Silva Junior
- Neuropsyquiatry and Behavior Science Graduate Program, Federal University of Pernambuco-UFPE, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Dayane A Gomes
- Neuropsyquiatry and Behavior Science Graduate Program, Federal University of Pernambuco-UFPE, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Diorginis S Ferreira
- Colegiado de Educação Física, Federal University of São Franscisco Valley, Petrolina, Brazil
| | - Claudia J Lagranha
- Biochemistry and Physiology Graduate Program, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, CAV- Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil; Neuropsyquiatry and Behavior Science Graduate Program, Federal University of Pernambuco-UFPE, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
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Barros MADV, de Brito Alves JL, Barros RGN, Santana E Silva M, Nasser S, Tourneur Y, Leandro CVG, Vidal H, Pirola L, Costa-Silva JH. Effects of maternal protein restriction on central and peripheral renin-angiotensin systems in male rat offspring. Life Sci 2020; 263:118574. [PMID: 33049280 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We investigated the involvement of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) on the cardiorespiratory control in rats from dams fed with a low-protein diet. MAIN METHODS Male offspring were obtained from dams fed a normoprotein diet (NP, 17% casein) and low-protein diet (LP, 8% casein) during pregnancy and lactation. Direct measurements of arterial pressure (AP), heart rate (HR) and respiratory frequency (RF) were recorded in awake 90-day-old at resting and after losartan potassium through either intracerebroventricular (ICV) microinjections or intravenous (IV) administration. Cardiovascular variability was evaluated by spectral analysis. Peripheral chemoreflex sensitivity was assessed through the potassium cyanide (KCN; 40 μg/0.1 ml/rat, IV). Gene expression was evaluated by qPCR, and MAPK (Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase) expression was evaluated by western blot. KEY FINDINGS The LP offspring had higher mean AP (MAP) and RF than NP offspring. In the spectral analysis, the LP rats also showed higher low frequency of systolic AP (NP: 2.7 ± 0.3 vs. LP: 5.0 ± 1.0 mmHg). After ICV losartan, MAP and RF in LP rats remained higher than those in NP rats, but without changes in HR. The peripheral chemoreflex was similar between the groups. LP group had lower gene expression of Rac1 (Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1) (NP: 1.13 ± 0.06 vs. LP: 0.88 ± 0.08). Peripherally, LP rats had larger delta of MAP after IV losartan (NP: -9.8 ± 2 vs. LP: -23 ± 6 mmHg), without changes in HR and RF. SIGNIFICANCE In rats, the RAS participates peripherally, but not centrally, in the maintenance of arterial hypertension in male offspring induced by maternal protein restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Assis de Vasconcelos Barros
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Academic Center of Vitoria (CAV), Federal University of Pernambuco, 55608-680 Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil; Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, UFPE, 50670-901, Recife, Brazil; Carmen (Cardiology, Metabolism and Nutrition) Laboratory, INSERM U1060, Lyon-1 University, South Lyon Medical Faculty, 69921 Oullins, France
| | - José Luiz de Brito Alves
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, UFPB, João Pessoa 58051900, Brazil
| | - Rayssa Gabriella Nery Barros
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Academic Center of Vitoria (CAV), Federal University of Pernambuco, 55608-680 Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | - Manuel Santana E Silva
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Academic Center of Vitoria (CAV), Federal University of Pernambuco, 55608-680 Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | - Souad Nasser
- Carmen (Cardiology, Metabolism and Nutrition) Laboratory, INSERM U1060, Lyon-1 University, South Lyon Medical Faculty, 69921 Oullins, France
| | - Yves Tourneur
- Carmen (Cardiology, Metabolism and Nutrition) Laboratory, INSERM U1060, Lyon-1 University, South Lyon Medical Faculty, 69921 Oullins, France
| | - Carol Virgínia Gois Leandro
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Academic Center of Vitoria (CAV), Federal University of Pernambuco, 55608-680 Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil; Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, UFPE, 50670-901, Recife, Brazil
| | - Hubert Vidal
- Carmen (Cardiology, Metabolism and Nutrition) Laboratory, INSERM U1060, Lyon-1 University, South Lyon Medical Faculty, 69921 Oullins, France
| | - Luciano Pirola
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Academic Center of Vitoria (CAV), Federal University of Pernambuco, 55608-680 Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil; Carmen (Cardiology, Metabolism and Nutrition) Laboratory, INSERM U1060, Lyon-1 University, South Lyon Medical Faculty, 69921 Oullins, France
| | - João Henrique Costa-Silva
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Academic Center of Vitoria (CAV), Federal University of Pernambuco, 55608-680 Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil; Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, UFPE, 50670-901, Recife, Brazil; Carmen (Cardiology, Metabolism and Nutrition) Laboratory, INSERM U1060, Lyon-1 University, South Lyon Medical Faculty, 69921 Oullins, France.
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Insights into sympathetic nervous system and GPCR interplay in fetal programming of hypertension: a bridge for new pharmacological strategies. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:739-747. [PMID: 32032706 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the most common cause of death from noncommunicable diseases worldwide. In addition to the classical CVD risk factors related to lifestyle and/or genetic background, exposure to an adverse intrauterine environment compromises fetal development leading to low birth weight and increasing offspring susceptibility to develop CVDs later in life, particularly hypertension - a process known as fetal programming of hypertension (FPH). In FPH animal models, permanent alterations have been detected in gene expression, in the structure and function of heart and blood vessels, compromising cardiovascular physiology and favoring hypertension development. This review focuses on the role of the sympathetic nervous system and its interplay with G-protein-coupled receptors, emphasizing strategies that envisage the prevention and/or treatment of FPH through interventions in early life.
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10
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Simões-Alves AC, Costa-Silva JH, Barros-Junior IB, da Silva Filho RC, Vasconcelos DAA, Vidal H, Morio B, Fernandes MP. Saturated Fatty Acid-Enriched Diet-Impaired Mitochondrial Bioenergetics in Liver From Undernourished Rats During Critical Periods of Development. Cells 2019; 8:E335. [PMID: 30974751 PMCID: PMC6523252 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The nutritional transition that the western population has undergone is increasingly associated with chronic metabolic diseases. In this work, we evaluated a diet rich in saturated fatty acids (hyperlipidic, HL) after weaning of the offspring rats submitted to maternal protein restriction on the hepatic mitochondrial bioenergetics. Wistar rats were mated and during gestation and lactation, mothers received control diets (NP, normal protein content 17%) or low protein (LP, 8% protein). After weaning, rats received either NL (normolipidic) or HL (+59% SFA) diets up to 90 days of life. It was verified that all respiratory states of hepatic mitochondria showed a reduction in the LP group submitted to the post-weaning HL diet. This group also presented greater mitochondrial swelling compared to controls, potentiated after Ca2+ addition and prevented in the presence of EGTA (calcium chelator) and cyclosporin A (mitochondrial permeability transition pore inhibitor). There was also an increase in liver protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation and reduction in catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities in the LP group fed HL diet after weaning. Our data suggest that adult rats subjected to maternal protein restriction were more susceptible to hepatic mitochondrial damage caused by a diet rich in saturated fatty acids post-weaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiany C Simões-Alves
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco-UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE 55608-680, Brazil.
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition (CarMeN), INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, 69921 Oullins, France.
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Exercise, Federal University of Pernambuco-UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE 55608-680, Brazil.
| | - Joao H Costa-Silva
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco-UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE 55608-680, Brazil.
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition (CarMeN), INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, 69921 Oullins, France.
| | - Idelfonso B Barros-Junior
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Exercise, Federal University of Pernambuco-UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE 55608-680, Brazil.
| | - Reginaldo C da Silva Filho
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Exercise, Federal University of Pernambuco-UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE 55608-680, Brazil.
| | - Diogo A A Vasconcelos
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco-UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE 55608-680, Brazil.
| | - Hubert Vidal
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition (CarMeN), INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, 69921 Oullins, France.
| | - Béatrice Morio
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition (CarMeN), INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, 69921 Oullins, France.
| | - Mariana P Fernandes
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Exercise, Federal University of Pernambuco-UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE 55608-680, Brazil.
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11
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Santana DF, Ferreira DS, Braz GRF, Sousa SMS, Silva TLDA, Gomes DA, Fernandes MP, Andrade-da-Costa BL, Lagranha CJ. Maternal Protein Restriction in Two Successive Generations Impairs Mitochondrial Electron Coupling in the Progeny's Brainstem of Wistar Rats From Both Sexes. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:203. [PMID: 30930735 PMCID: PMC6427765 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal protein deficiency during the critical development period of the progeny disturbs mitochondrial metabolism in the brainstem, which increases the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases in the first-generation (F1) offspring, but is unknown if this effect persists in the second-generation (F2) offspring. The study tested whether mitochondrial health and oxidative balance will be restored in F2 rats. Male and female rats were divided into six groups according to the diet fed to their mothers throughout gestation and lactation periods. These groups were: (1) normoprotein (NP) and (2) low-protein (LP) rats of the first filial generation (F1-NP and F1-LP, respectively) and (3) NP and (4) LP rats of the second filial generation (F2-NP and F2-LP, respectively). After weaning, all groups received commercial chow and a portion of each group was sacrificed on the 30th day of life for determination of mitochondrial and oxidative parameters. The remaining portion of the F1 group was mated at adulthood and fed an NP or LP diet during the periods of gestation and lactation, to produce progeny belonging to (5) F2R-NP and (6) F2R-LP group, respectively. Our results demonstrated that male F1-LP rats suffered mitochondrial impairment associated with an 89% higher production of reactive species (RS) and 137% higher oxidative stress biomarkers, but that the oxidative stress was blunted in female F1-LP animals despite the antioxidant impairment. In the second generation following F0 malnutrition, brainstem antioxidant defenses were restored in the F2-LP group of both sexes. However, F2R-LP offspring, exposed to LP in the diets of the two preceding generations displayed a RS overproduction with a concomitant decrease in mitochondrial bioenergetics. Our findings demonstrate that nutritional stress during the reproductive life of the mother can negatively affect mitochondrial metabolism and oxidative balance in the brainstem of F1 progeny, but that restoration of a normal diet during the reproductive life of those individuals leads toward a mitochondrial recovery in their own (F2) progeny. Otherwise, if protein deprivation is continued from the F0 generation and into the F1 generation, the F2 progeny will exhibit no recovery, but instead will remain vulnerable to further oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Santana
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Behaviour, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Diorginis S Ferreira
- Colegiado de Educação Física, Federal University of São Francisco Valley, Petrolina, Brazil
| | - Glauber Ruda F Braz
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Behaviour, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Shirley M S Sousa
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Behaviour, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Dayane Aparecida Gomes
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Behaviour, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Mariana P Fernandes
- Graduate Program in Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Academic Center of Vitoria - Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil.,Núcleo de Educação Física e Ciências do Esporte, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Belmira Lara Andrade-da-Costa
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Behaviour, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Claudia J Lagranha
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Behaviour, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,Núcleo de Educação Física e Ciências do Esporte, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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12
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Simões‐Alves AC, Silva‐Filho RC, Braz GR, Silva SC, da Silva AI, Lagranha CJ, Fernandes MP. Neonatal treatment with fluoxetine improves mitochondrial respiration and reduces oxidative stress in liver of adult rats. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:6555-6565. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aiany C. Simões‐Alves
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise BiochemistryDepartment of Physical Education Sports Science Federal University of Pernambuco‐CAVVitória de Santo AntãoPernambucoBrazil
- Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity Graduate ProgramFederal University of Pernambuco‐CAVVitória de Santo AntãoPernambucoBrazil
| | - Reginaldo C. Silva‐Filho
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise BiochemistryDepartment of Physical Education Sports Science Federal University of Pernambuco‐CAVVitória de Santo AntãoPernambucoBrazil
- Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity Graduate ProgramFederal University of Pernambuco‐CAVVitória de Santo AntãoPernambucoBrazil
| | - Glauber R.F. Braz
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise BiochemistryDepartment of Physical Education Sports Science Federal University of Pernambuco‐CAVVitória de Santo AntãoPernambucoBrazil
| | - Severina C.A. Silva
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise BiochemistryDepartment of Physical Education Sports Science Federal University of Pernambuco‐CAVVitória de Santo AntãoPernambucoBrazil
- Biochemistry and Physiology Graduate ProgramFederal University of PernambucoRecifePernambucoBrazil
| | - Aline I. da Silva
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise BiochemistryDepartment of Physical Education Sports Science Federal University of Pernambuco‐CAVVitória de Santo AntãoPernambucoBrazil
| | - Claudia J. Lagranha
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise BiochemistryDepartment of Physical Education Sports Science Federal University of Pernambuco‐CAVVitória de Santo AntãoPernambucoBrazil
- Biochemistry and Physiology Graduate ProgramFederal University of PernambucoRecifePernambucoBrazil
| | - Mariana P. Fernandes
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise BiochemistryDepartment of Physical Education Sports Science Federal University of Pernambuco‐CAVVitória de Santo AntãoPernambucoBrazil
- Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity Graduate ProgramFederal University of Pernambuco‐CAVVitória de Santo AntãoPernambucoBrazil
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13
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Ferreira DJS, Pedroza AA, Braz GRF, Fernandes MP, Lagranha CJ. Mitochondrial dysfunction: maternal protein restriction as a trigger of reactive species overproduction and brainstem energy failure in male offspring brainstem. Nutr Neurosci 2018; 22:778-788. [PMID: 29495951 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2018.1444543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are important organelles in eukaryotic organisms, wherein their capacity to produce energy vary among the tissues depending upon the amounts of oxygen consumed. Part of the oxygen consumed during ATP generation produces reactive oxygen species, which if not efficiently removed can trigger a systemic damage to molecular compounds characterized as oxidative stress. Several studies have demonstrated that mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in the central nervous system (CNS) are related to a plethora of neural disorders. Herein, we hypothesize that a late autonomic imbalance-induced hypertension might be related to long-lasting effects of protein restriction during the critical period of the CNS development on the mitochondrial function and oxidative stress in the brainstem of adult (i.e. 150 days of age) male Wistar rats. Maternal protein restriction was induced by offering a diet based on 8% of casein from first day of pregnancy until weaning, when the male pups started to receive laboratory chow up to 150 days of life. The protein restriction induced an extended detrimental modulation in mitochondria function, decreasing the phosphorylation capacity with concomitant decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential, wherein the reactive species overproduction triggered a disruption in proton conductance, which may gradually compromise mitochondria energy conservation. Interestingly, the elevated activity of glutathione-S-transferase and the augmented expression of uncoupling protein 2 are likely protective mechanisms induced by lipid peroxidation products, being feasible molecular changes attempting to deal with oxidative stress-induced ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J S Ferreira
- Neuropsychiatry and Behavior Science Program, Federal University of Pernambuco , Recife , Brazil.,Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Federal University of Pernambuco-CAV , Vitória de Santo Antão , Brazil
| | - A A Pedroza
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Federal University of Pernambuco-CAV , Vitória de Santo Antão , Brazil
| | - G R F Braz
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Federal University of Pernambuco-CAV , Vitória de Santo Antão , Brazil
| | - M P Fernandes
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Federal University of Pernambuco-CAV , Vitória de Santo Antão , Brazil
| | - C J Lagranha
- Neuropsychiatry and Behavior Science Program, Federal University of Pernambuco , Recife , Brazil.,Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Federal University of Pernambuco-CAV , Vitória de Santo Antão , Brazil
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14
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de Brito Alves JL, Costa-Silva JH. Maternal protein malnutrition induced-hypertension: New evidence about the autonomic and respiratory dysfunctions and epigenetic mechanisms. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 45:422-429. [PMID: 29164748 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Maternal protein malnutrition during the critical stages of development (pregnancy, lactation and first infancy) can lead to adult hypertension. Studies have shown that renal and cardiovascular dysfunctions can be associated to the development of hypertension in humans and rats exposed to maternal protein malnutrition. The etiology of hypertension, however, includes a complex network involved in central and peripheral blood pressure control. Recently, the hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system in protein-restricted rats has been reported. Studies have shown that protein malnutrition during pregnancy and/or lactation alters blood pressure control through mechanisms that include central sympathetic-respiratory dysfunctions and epigenetic modifications, which may contribute to adult hypertension. Thus, this review will discuss the historical context, new evidences of neurogenic disruption in respiratory-sympathetic activities and possible epigenetic mechanisms involved in maternal protein malnutrition induced- hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luiz de Brito Alves
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, UFPB, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - João Henrique Costa-Silva
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão-PE, Brazil
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15
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Lagranha CJ, Silva TLA, Silva SCA, Braz GRF, da Silva AI, Fernandes MP, Sellitti DF. Protective effects of estrogen against cardiovascular disease mediated via oxidative stress in the brain. Life Sci 2017; 192:190-198. [PMID: 29191645 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
During their reproductive years women produce significant levels of estrogens, predominantly in the form of estradiol, that are thought to play an important role in cardioprotection. Mechanisms underlying this action include both estrogen-mediated changes in gene expression, and post-transcriptional activation of protein signaling cascades in the heart and in neural centers controlling cardiovascular function, in particular, in the brainstem. There, specific neurons, especially those of the bulbar region play an important role in the neuronal control of the cardiovascular system because they control the outflow of sympathetic activity and parasympathetic activity as well as the reception of chemical and mechanical signals. In the present review, we discuss how estrogens exert their cardioprotective effect in part by modulating the actions of internally generated products of cellular oxidation such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) in brain stem neurons. The significance of this review is in integrating the literature of oxidative damage in the brain with the literature of neuroprotection by estrogen in order to better understand both the benefits and limitations of using this hormone to prevent cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia J Lagranha
- Neuropsychiatry and Behavior Science Graduate Program, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Federal University of Pernambuco-CAV, Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680, Brazil.
| | - Tercya Lucidi Araujo Silva
- Neuropsychiatry and Behavior Science Graduate Program, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Federal University of Pernambuco-CAV, Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680, Brazil
| | - Severina Cassia A Silva
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Federal University of Pernambuco-CAV, Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680, Brazil
| | - Glaber Ruda F Braz
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Federal University of Pernambuco-CAV, Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680, Brazil
| | - Aline Isabel da Silva
- Neuropsychiatry and Behavior Science Graduate Program, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Federal University of Pernambuco-CAV, Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680, Brazil
| | - Mariana Pinheiro Fernandes
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Federal University of Pernambuco-CAV, Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680, Brazil
| | - Donald F Sellitti
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
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16
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de Brito Alves JL, de Oliveira JMD, Ferreira DJS, Barros MADV, Nogueira VO, Alves DS, Vidal H, Leandro CG, Lagranha CJ, Pirola L, da Costa-Silva JH. Maternal protein restriction induced-hypertension is associated to oxidative disruption at transcriptional and functional levels in the medulla oblongata. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 43:1177-1184. [PMID: 27612187 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Maternal protein restriction during pregnancy and lactation predisposes the adult offspring to sympathetic overactivity and arterial hypertension. Although the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood, dysregulation of the oxidative balance has been proposed as a putative trigger of neural-induced hypertension. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between the oxidative status at transcriptional and functional levels in the medulla oblongata and maternal protein restriction induced-hypertension. Wistar rat dams were fed a control (normal protein; 17% protein) or a low protein ((Lp); 8% protein) diet during pregnancy and lactation, and male offspring was studied at 90 days of age. Direct measurements of baseline arterial blood pressure (ABP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded in awakened offspring. In addition, quantitative RT-PCR was used to assess the mRNA expression of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and 2 (SOD2), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Glutamatergic receptors (Grin1, Gria1 and Grm1) and GABA(A)-receptor-associated protein like 1 (Gabarapl1). Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, CAT and SOD activities were examined in ventral and dorsal medulla. Lp rats exhibited higher ABP. The mRNA expression levels of SOD2, GPx and Gabarapl1 were down regulated in medullary tissue of Lp rats (P<.05, t test). In addition, we observed that higher MDA levels were associated to decreased SOD (approximately 45%) and CAT (approximately 50%) activities in ventral medulla. Taken together, our data suggest that maternal protein restriction induced-hypertension is associated with medullary oxidative dysfunction at transcriptional level and with impaired antioxidant capacity in the ventral medulla.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L de Brito Alves
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil.,Carmen (Cardiology, Metabolism and Nutrition) Laboratory, INSERM U1060, South Lyon Medical Faculty, Lyon-1 University, Oullins, France
| | - Jéssica M D de Oliveira
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Diorginis J S Ferreira
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Monique A de V Barros
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Viviane O Nogueira
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Débora S Alves
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Hubert Vidal
- Carmen (Cardiology, Metabolism and Nutrition) Laboratory, INSERM U1060, South Lyon Medical Faculty, Lyon-1 University, Oullins, France
| | - Carol G Leandro
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Cláudia J Lagranha
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Luciano Pirola
- Carmen (Cardiology, Metabolism and Nutrition) Laboratory, INSERM U1060, South Lyon Medical Faculty, Lyon-1 University, Oullins, France
| | - João H da Costa-Silva
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
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17
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Mendes-da-Silva RF, Ferreira DJS, Lopes-de-Morais AAC, de Macêdo PFC, Lagranha CJ, Batista-de-Oliveira-Hornsby M. Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) oil during pregnancy and lactation influences brain excitability and cortex oxidative status in the rat offspring. Nutr Neurosci 2017; 21:753-760. [PMID: 28784045 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2017.1360549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate how safflower oil (SFO) influences brain electrophysiology and cortical oxidative status in the offspring, mothers received a diet with SFO during brain development period. METHODS Beginning on the 14th day of gestation and throughout lactation, rats received safflower (safflower group - SG) or soybean oil (control group - CG) in their diet. At 65 days old, cortical spreading depression (CSD) and cortex oxidative status were analyzed in the offspring. RESULTS SG presented reduction of the CSD velocity as compared to the CG (SG: 3.24 ± 0.09; CG: 3.37 ± 0.07 mm/min). SFO reduced levels of lipid peroxidation by 39.4%. SG showed the following increases: glutathione-S-transferase, 40.8% and reduced glutathione, 34.3%. However, SFO decreased superoxide dismutase by 40.4% and catalase by 64.1%. To control for interhemispheric effects, since CSD was recorded only in the right cortex, we evaluated the oxidative status in both sides of the cortex; no differences were observed. DISCUSSION Data show that when SFO is consumed by the female rats during pregnancy and lactation, the offspring present long-term effects on brain electrophysiology and cortical oxidative state. The present study highlights the relevance of understanding the SFO intake of pregnant and lactating mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diorginis José Soares Ferreira
- b Department of Physical Education and Sports Science , Federal University of Pernambuco , Campus of Vitoria de Santo Antao, Vitoria de Santo Antao , PE , Brazil
| | | | | | - Cláudia J Lagranha
- b Department of Physical Education and Sports Science , Federal University of Pernambuco , Campus of Vitoria de Santo Antao, Vitoria de Santo Antao , PE , Brazil
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18
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de Sousa SM, Braz GRF, Freitas CDM, de Santana DF, Sellitti DF, Fernandes MP, Lagranha CJ. Oxidative injuries induced by maternal low-protein diet in female brainstem. Nutr Neurosci 2017; 21:580-588. [PMID: 28494696 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2017.1325974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have shown that a maternal low-protein diet increases the susceptibility of offspring to cardiovascular disease in later-life. Moreover, a lower incidence of cardiovascular disease in females than in males is understood to be largely due to the protective effect of high levels of estrogens throughout a woman's reproductive life. However, to our knowledge, the role of estradiol in moderating the later-life susceptibility of offspring of nutrient-deprived mothers to cardiovascular disease is not fully understood. The present study is aimed at investigating whether oxidative stress in the brainstem caused by a maternal low-protein diet administered during a critical period of fetal/neonatal brain development (i.e during gestation and lactation) is affected by estradiol levels. Female Wistar rat offspring were divided into four groups according to their mothers' diets and to the serum estradiol levels of the offspring at the time of testing: (1) 22 days of age/control diet: (2) 22 days of age/low-protein diet; (3) 122 days of age/control diet: (4) 122 days of age/low-protein diet. Undernutrition in the context of low serum estradiol compared to undernutrition in a higher estradiol context resulted in increased levels of oxidative stress biomarkers and a reduction in enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses. Total global oxy-score showed oxidative damage in 22-day-old rats whose mothers had received a low-protein diet. In the 122-day-old group, we observed a decrease in oxidative stress biomarkers, increased enzymatic antioxidant activity, and a positive oxy-score when compared to control. We conclude from these results that following a protein deficiency in the maternal diet during early development of the offspring, estrogens present at high levels at reproductive age may confer resistance to the oxidative damage in the brainstem that is very apparent in pre-pubertal rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Maria de Sousa
- a Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry CAV-Federal University of Pernambuco , UFPE 55608-680 , Brazil
| | - Glauber Rudá F Braz
- a Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry CAV-Federal University of Pernambuco , UFPE 55608-680 , Brazil
| | - Cristiane de Moura Freitas
- a Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry CAV-Federal University of Pernambuco , UFPE 55608-680 , Brazil
| | - David Filipe de Santana
- a Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry CAV-Federal University of Pernambuco , UFPE 55608-680 , Brazil
| | | | - Mariana P Fernandes
- a Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry CAV-Federal University of Pernambuco , UFPE 55608-680 , Brazil
| | - Claudia J Lagranha
- a Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry CAV-Federal University of Pernambuco , UFPE 55608-680 , Brazil
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Maternal low-protein diet in female rat heart: possible protective effect of estradiol. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2017; 8:322-330. [DOI: 10.1017/s2040174417000058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have shown that maternal low-protein (LP) diet induces detrimental effects in cardiovascular system and oxidative stress in male animals. Additional studies suggested that female has lower incidence of cardiovascular disease. However until present data, the possible effects of estradiol on the undernutrition during gestational and lactation periods are not discussed. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of a maternal LP diet during gestational and lactation period on oxidative balance in the female rat hearts ventricles at two ages. Dams were fed with normal protein (NP) or a LP diet during the gestational and lactation period, and their female offspring were divided into age groups (22 or 122 days, corresponding to a low or high estrogen level) composing four experimental groups. Evaluating the nutritional effect showed an increase in oxidative stress biomarkers and decrease in enzymatic defense in LP-22D compared with NP-22D. In contrast, no changes were observed in malondialdehyde and carbonyls, but an increase in glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity in the LP-122D compared with NP-122D. The global oxy-score in the LP-22D group indicated a predominance of oxidative damage when compared with NP-22D, while in LP-122D group the global oxy-score was restored to NP-122D levels. Evaluating the estradiol effect, our data show a significant decrease in oxidative stress with increase in CAT and GST activity, associated with increase in intracellular thiols. Our data suggest that in situation with low levels of estradiol, hypoproteic diet during gestation and lactation period has detrimental effects on heart, however when estradiol levels raise, the detrimental effects induced are mitigated.
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Costa-Silva JH, Simões-Alves AC, Fernandes MP. Developmental Origins of Cardiometabolic Diseases: Role of the Maternal Diet. Front Physiol 2016; 7:504. [PMID: 27899895 PMCID: PMC5110566 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental origins of cardiometabolic diseases have been related to maternal nutritional conditions. In this context, the rising incidence of arterial hypertension, diabetes type II, and dyslipidemia has been attributed to genetic programming. Besides, environmental conditions during perinatal development such as maternal undernutrition or overnutrition can program changes in the integration among physiological systems leading to cardiometabolic diseases. This phenomenon can be understood in the context of the phenotypic plasticity and refers to the adjustment of a phenotype in response to environmental input without genetic change, following a novel, or unusual input during development. Experimental studies indicate that fetal exposure to an adverse maternal environment may alter the morphology and physiology that contribute to the development of cardiometabolic diseases. It has been shown that both maternal protein restriction and overnutrition alter the central and peripheral control of arterial pressure and metabolism. This review will address the new concepts on the maternal diet induced-cardiometabolic diseases that include the potential role of the perinatal malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- João H Costa-Silva
- Departamento de Educação Física e Ciências do Esporte, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Aiany C Simões-Alves
- Departamento de Educação Física e Ciências do Esporte, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Mariana P Fernandes
- Departamento de Educação Física e Ciências do Esporte, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Pernambuco, Brazil
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Braz GRF, Pedroza AA, Nogueira VO, de Vasconcelos Barros MA, de Moura Freitas C, de Brito Alves JL, da Silva AI, Costa-Silva JH, Lagranha CJ. Serotonin modulation in neonatal age does not impair cardiovascular physiology in adult female rats: Hemodynamics and oxidative stress analysis. Life Sci 2016; 145:42-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Braz GRF, Freitas CM, Nascimento L, Pedroza AA, da Silva AI, Lagranha C. Neonatal SSRI exposure improves mitochondrial function and antioxidant defense in rat heart. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2015; 41:362-9. [PMID: 26939042 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2015-0494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Protein restriction during prenatal, postnatal, or in both periods has a close relationship with subsequent development of cardiovascular disease in adulthood. Elevated brain levels of serotonin and its metabolites have been found in malnourished states. The aim in the present study was to investigate whether treatment with fluoxetine (Fx), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, mimics the detrimental effect of low-protein diet during the perinatal period on the male rat heart. Our hypothesis is that increased circulating serotonin as a result of pharmacologic treatment with Fx leads to cardiac dysfunction similar to that observed in protein-restricted rats. Male Wistar rat pups received daily subcutaneous injection of Fx or vehicle from postnatal day 1 to postnatal day 21. Male rats were euthanized at 60 days of age and the following parameters were evaluated in the cardiac tissue: mitochondrial respiratory capacity, respiratory control ratio, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial membrane potential, and biomarkers of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense. We found that Fx treatment increased mitochondrial respiratory capacity (123%) and membrane potential (212%) and decreased ROS production (55%). In addition we observed an increase in the antioxidant capacity (elevation in catalase activity (5-fold) and glutathione peroxidase (4.6-fold)). Taken together, our results suggest that Fx treatment in the developmental period positively affects the mitochondrial bioenergetics and antioxidant defense in the cardiac tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glauber Ruda F Braz
- a Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Centro Acadêmico de Vitoria (CAV)-Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, Brazil.,c Biochemistry and Physiology Graduate Program, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Cristiane M Freitas
- a Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Centro Acadêmico de Vitoria (CAV)-Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, Brazil.,c Biochemistry and Physiology Graduate Program, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Luciana Nascimento
- a Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Centro Acadêmico de Vitoria (CAV)-Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, Brazil.,c Biochemistry and Physiology Graduate Program, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Anderson A Pedroza
- b Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry; CAV-Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | - Aline Isabel da Silva
- b Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry; CAV-Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, Brazil.,d Neuropsychiatry and Behavior Science Graduate Program, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Claudia Lagranha
- b Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry; CAV-Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, Brazil.,c Biochemistry and Physiology Graduate Program, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,d Neuropsychiatry and Behavior Science Graduate Program, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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