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Bi W, Bao K, Zhou X, Deng Y, Li X, Zhang J, Lan X, Zhao J, Lu D, Xu Y, Cen Y, Cao R, Xu M, Zhong W, Zhu L. PSMC5 regulates microglial polarization and activation in LPS-induced cognitive deficits and motor impairments by interacting with TLR4. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:277. [PMID: 38001534 PMCID: PMC10668523 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02904-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Luteolin is a flavonoid found in high concentrations in celery and green pepper, and acts as a neuroprotectant. PSMC5 (proteasome 26S subunit, ATPase 5) protein levels were reduced after luteolin stimulation in activated microglia. We aimed to determine whether regulating PSMC5 expression could inhibit neuroinflammation, and investigate the underlying mechanisms.BV2 microglia were transfected with siRNA PSMC5 before the addition of LPS (lipopolysaccharide, 1.0 µg/ml) for 24 h in serum free DMEM. A mouse model of LPS-induced cognitive and motor impairment was established to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of shRNA PSMC5. Intracerebroventricular administration of shRNA PSMC5 was commenced 7 days prior to i.p. injection of LPS (750 μg/kg). Treatments and behavioral experiments were performed once daily for 7 consecutive days. Behavioral tests and pathological/biochemical assays were performed to evaluate LPS-induced hippocampal damage. Molecular dynamics simulation was used to confirm the interaction between PSMC5 and TLR4 (Toll-like receptor 4) in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia. SiRNA PSMC5 inhibited BV2 microglial activation, and suppressed the release of inflammatory factors (IL-1β, COX-2, PGE2, TNF-α, and iNOS) upon after LPS stimulation in BV2 microglia. LPS increased IκB-α and p65 phosphorylation, which was attenuated by siRNA PSMC5. Behavioral tests and pathological/biochemical assays showed that shRNA PSMC5 attenuated LPS-induced cognitive and motor impairments, and restored synaptic ultrastructure and protein levels in mice. ShRNA PSMC5 reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-1β, PGE2, and NO) levels in the serum and brain, and relevant protein factors (iNOS and COX-2) in the brain. Furthermore, shRNA PSMC5 upregulated the anti-inflammatory mediators interleukin IL-4 and IL-10 in the serum and brain, and promoted a pro-inflammation-to-anti-inflammation phenotype shift in microglial polarization. Mechanistically, shRNA PSMC5 significantly alleviated LPS-induced TLR4 expression. The polarization of LPS-induced microglial pro-inflammation phenotype was abolished by TLR4 inhibitor and in the TLR-4-/- mouse, as in shRNA PSMC5 treatment. PSMC5 interacted with TLR4 via the amino sites Glu284, Met139, Leu127, and Phe283. PSMC5 site mutations attenuated neuroinflammation and reduced pro-inflammatory factors by reducing TLR4-related effects, thereby reducing TLR4-mediated MyD88 (myeloid differentiation factor 88)-dependent activation of NF-κB. PSMC5 could be an important therapeutic target for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases involving neuroinflammation-associated cognitive deficits and motor impairments induced by microglial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Bi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No. 613, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Clinical Neuoscience Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No. 613, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Keyao Bao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xinqi Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yihui Deng
- Central Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No. 613, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Xiaoting Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No. 613, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xin Lan
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jiayi Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Daxiang Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yezi Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No. 613, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Yanmei Cen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No. 613, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Rui Cao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No. 613, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Mengyang Xu
- Department of Biology, Jinan University, No. 601, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Wenbin Zhong
- Department of Biology, Jinan University, No. 601, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Lihong Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Germ-free Animals and Microbiota Application, No. 601, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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Sharma P, Kishore A, De I, Negi S, Kumar G, Bhardwaj S, Singh M. Mitigating neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease: Exploring the role of proinflammatory cytokines and the potential of phytochemicals as natural therapeutics. Neurochem Int 2023; 170:105604. [PMID: 37683836 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most prevalent neuroinflammatory illnesses, characterized by the progressive loss of neurons in the brain. Proinflammatory cytokines play a key role in initiating and perpetuating neuroinflammation, which can lead to the activation of glial cells and the deregulation of inflammatory pathways, ultimately leading to permanent brain damage. Currently, available drugs for PD mostly alleviate symptoms but do not target underlying inflammatory processes. There is a growing interest in exploring the potential of phytochemicals to mitigate neuroinflammation. Phytochemicals such as resveratrol, apigenin, catechin, anthocyanins, amentoflavone, quercetin, berberine, and genistein have been studied for their ability to scavenge free radicals and reduce proinflammatory cytokine levels in the brain. These plant-derived compounds offer a natural and potentially safe alternative to conventional drugs for managing neuroinflammation in PD and other neurodegenerative diseases. However, further research is necessary to elucidate their underlying mechanisms of action and clinical effectiveness. So, this review delves into the pathophysiology of PD and its intricate relationship with proinflammatory cytokines, and explores how their insidious contributions fuel the disease's initiation and progression via cytokine-dependent signaling pathways. Additionally, we tried to give an account of PD management using existing drugs along with their limitations. Furthermore, our aim is to provide a thorough overview of the diverse groups of phytochemicals, their plentiful sources, and the current understanding of their anti-neuroinflammatory properties. Through this exploration, we posit the innovative idea that consuming nutrient-rich phytochemicals could be an effective approach to preventing and treating PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Sharma
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Abhinoy Kishore
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Indranil De
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Swarnima Negi
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Gulshan Kumar
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Sahil Bhardwaj
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Manish Singh
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab, India.
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Sadžak A, Brkljača Z, Eraković M, Kriechbaum M, Maltar-Strmečki N, Přibyl J, Šegota S. Puncturing lipid membranes: onset of pore formation and the role of hydrogen bonding in the presence of flavonoids. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100430. [PMID: 37611869 PMCID: PMC10518586 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Products of lipid peroxidation induce detrimental structural changes in cell membranes, such as the formation of water pores, which occur in the presence of lipids with partially oxidized chains. However, the influence of another class of products, dicarboxylic acids, is still unclear. These products have greater mobility in the lipid bilayer, which enables their aggregation and the formation of favorable sites for the appearance of pores. Therefore, dodecanedioic acid (DDA) was selected as a model product. Additionally, the influence of several structurally different flavonoids on DDA aggregation via formation of hydrogen bonds with carboxyl groups was investigated. The molecular dynamics of DDA in DOPC lipid bilayer revealed the formation of aggregates extending over the hydrophobic region of the bilayer and increasing its polarity. Consequently, water penetration and the appearance of water wires was observed, representing a new step in the mechanism of pore formation. Furthermore, DDA molecules were found to interact with lipid polar groups, causing them to be buried in the bilayer. The addition of flavonoids to the system disrupted aggregate formation, resulting in the displacement of DDA molecules from the center of the bilayer. The placement of DDA and flavonoids in the lipid bilayer was confirmed by small-angle X-ray scattering. Atomic force microscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance were used to characterize the structural properties. The presence of DDA increased bilayer roughness and decreased the ordering of lipid chains, confirming its detrimental effects on the membrane surface, while flavonoids were found to reduce or reverse these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Sadžak
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Zlatko Brkljača
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mihael Eraković
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Manfred Kriechbaum
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Jan Přibyl
- CEITEC MU, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Suzana Šegota
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Zhang Y, Pan J, Liu Y, Zhang X, Cheng K. Effects of Ficus pandurata Hance var. angustifolia Cheng Flavonoids on Intestinal Barrier and Cognitive Function by Regulating Intestinal Microbiota. Foods 2023; 12:foods12081682. [PMID: 37107477 PMCID: PMC10137925 DOI: 10.3390/foods12081682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
More and more evidence has supported the interaction between circadian rhythms and intestinal microbes, which provides new insights into how dietary nutrition can improve host health. Our research showed that Ficus pandurata Hance var. angustifolia Cheng flavonoids (FCF) ameliorated the pathological damage of colon and abnormal intestinal microflora structure in mice with circadian clock disorder and improved their exploration and memory behaviors. Mechanism studies have shown that FCF is involved in regulating metabolic pathways and related metabolites, regulating the expression of related tight junction proteins in the colon and the levels of Aβ and inflammatory factors in the hippocampus. Further analysis found that these metabolites showed a certain correlation with intestinal flora and played a certain role in alleviating intestinal physiological damage and cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Junjie Pan
- Chemical Biology Center, Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Kejun Cheng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Chemical Biology Center, Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui 323000, China
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Gao Y, Zhu J, Sun M, Wang S, Liu H. Metabolomics study based on GC-MS reveals a protective function of luteolin against glutamate-induced PC12 cell injury. Biomed Chromatogr 2023; 37:e5537. [PMID: 36287211 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress response is closely related to neurodegenerative diseases. This study aimed to investigate the cytoprotective effects of luteolin on glutamate-induced oxidative stress injury in PC12 cells. GC-MS combined with multivariate statistical approaches was used to perform metabolomics studies to assess the possible mechanisms. Our results identified 23 metabolites as differential expressed metabolites in the glutamate group, including cysteine content in cells that decreased drastically. This suggests that glutathione synthesis, which balances the redox state of cells, was affected. Luteolin inhibits the reduction in viability in glutamate-induced PC12 cells and regulates 13 differential expressed metabolites in glutamate-induced cell damage. These metabolites associated with luteolin included glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism; glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism; aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis; cysteine and methionine metabolism; inositol phosphate metabolism; and starch and sucrose metabolism. In summary, the systemic antioxidant capacity of luteolin in PC12 cells is related to its regulation of amino acid, glucose, and nucleotide metabolism pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gao
- Institute of Molecular Selective Control Construction and Application, Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhu
- Institute of Molecular Selective Control Construction and Application, Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Mengyao Sun
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Shaomin Wang
- Institute of Molecular Selective Control Construction and Application, Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Hongmin Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
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Luteolin Induced Hippocampal Neuronal Pyroptosis Inhibition by Regulation of miR-124-3p/TNF- α/TRAF6 Axis in Mice Affected by Breast-Cancer-Related Depression. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2715325. [PMID: 35571739 PMCID: PMC9106465 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2715325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Breast-cancer-related depression (BCRD) is associated with an increased mortality rate among breast cancer (BC) survivors. Luteolin has many pharmacological effects, particularly in the treatment of BC. In this study, we aimed to explore the anti-BCRD activity of luteolin and its underlying functional mechanism. Methods A BCRD mouse model was induced by injecting 4T1 cells and corticosterone (COR). Behavioral test, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining, Nissl staining, immunofluorescence, reverse-transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), and western blotting were used to study the effect of luteolin in mice with BCRD in vivo. A COR-induced neuron injury model was established in HT-22 cells in vitro. The role of miR-124-3p in the anti-BCRD effects of luteolin was studied using a miR-124-3p inhibitor. Results Luteolin significantly reduced the size and weight of the tumor, increased the mice entry frequency in the symmetrical sector, and reduced the duration of immobility in the tail suspension and forced swimming tests of mice affected by BCRD. Simultaneously, apoptosis of hippocampal neurons was inhibited, and the number of Nissl bodies increased with luteolin treatment. In addition, luteolin resulted in the upregulation of miR-124-3p expression in the hippocampus and downregulated the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), as well as lowered the phosphorylation levels of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and IkappaB (IκB). Luteolin also inhibited pyroptosis of hippocampal neurons in mice affected by BCRD, as revealed by the low protein levels of NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), caspase-1, gasdermin D-N (GSDMD-N), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-18. However, the miR-124-3p inhibitor significantly reversed the therapeutic effect of luteolin on COR-induced HT-22 cells. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that the anti-BCRD function of luteolin was mediated by regulating the miR-124-3p/TNF-α/TRAF6-related pathway and inhibiting neuronal cell pyroptosis and subsequent inflammation. Therefore, luteolin may be a potential drug candidate in the treatments of BCRD.
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Li HZ, Liu KG, Zeng NX, Wu XF, Lu WJ, Xu HF, Yan C, Wu LL. Luteolin Enhances Choroid Plexus 5-MTHF Brain Transport to Promote Hippocampal Neurogenesis in LOD Rats. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:826568. [PMID: 35401160 PMCID: PMC8993213 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.826568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Folates, provided by food, are commonly used antidepressant synergists in late-onset depression (LOD). However, increased intake of folic acid in the elderly population might lead to the accumulation of unmetabolized folic acid in the systemic circulation, leading to enhanced deterioration of the central nervous system function. In addition, folates cannot access the brain directly because of the blood-brain barrier. Choroid plexus (CP) 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) brain transport plays a critical role in regulating the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 5-MTHF content. Luteolin is a natural flavonoid that has antidepressant effects and is involved in the anti-folate resistance pathway. It remains unclear whether the antidepressant effects of luteolin are associated with the CP 5-MTHF brain transport. In this study, 20-21-month-old Wistar rats were exposed to the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) protocol for 6 consecutive weeks to explore the long-term effects of luteolin on behavior, 5-MTHF levels, hippocampal neurogenesis, and folate brain transport of the CP. In vitro primary hippocampal neural stem cells (NSCs) cultured in media containing 10% CSF from each group of rats and choroid plexus epithelial cells (CPECs) cultured in media containing 20 μM luteolin were treated with 100 μM corticosterone and 40 mg/ml D-galactose. We found that aged rats exposed to CUMS showed a significantly reduced sucrose preference, decreased locomotion activity in the open field test and accuracy of the Morris water maze test, increased immobility time in the forced swimming test, accelerated dysfunctional neurogenesis and neuronal loss in the dentate gyrus of LOD rats, as well as decreased CSF and hippocampus 5-MTHF levels, and zona occludens protein 1 (ZO-1), proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT), and reduced folate carrier (RFC) protein levels. In vitro assays showed media containing 10% aged CSF or LOD+ Luteolin-CSF significantly increased the viability of CORT + D-gal-injured NSCs and alleviated dysfunctional neurogenesis and neuronal loss compared with the CORT + D-gal medium. However, media containing 10% LOD-CSF had no such effect. In the meantime, induction of CORT + D-gal significantly decreased the ZO-1, PCFT, RFC, and folate receptor alpha (FR-α) protein levels and transepithelial electrical resistance in rat CPECs. As expected, luteolin treatment was effective in improving these abnormal changes. These findings suggested that luteolin could ameliorate CUMS-induced LOD-like behaviors by enhancing the folate brain transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Zhen Li
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai-Ge Liu
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning-Xi Zeng
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Jun Lu
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Han-Fang Xu
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Can Yan
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Li Wu
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Calabrese EJ, Agathokleous E, Kapoor R, Dhawan G, Calabrese V. Luteolin and hormesis. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 199:111559. [PMID: 34403687 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The present paper provides the first integrated assessment of the capacity of luteolin to induce hormetic dose responses. It was shown that luteolin induced hormetic responses in multiple biological systems, including enhancing neuroprotection in various experimental model disease systems, improving wounding healing, especially in experimental models of high-risk population subgroups, such as diabetics, as well as enhancing osteogenesis in models of osteoporosis. The mechanistic basis for the luteolin-induced hormetic dose responses has been demonstrated to commonly involve the upregulation of the nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2), which mediates the extensive range of anti-inflammatory effects induced by luteolin in multiple cell types and organ systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences,Morrill I - N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Rachna Kapoor
- Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA.
| | - Gaurav Dhawan
- Sri Guru Ram Das (SGRD), University of Health Sciences, Amritsar, India.
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, Catania, 95123, Italy.
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Amraie E, Pouraboli I, Rajaei Z. Neuroprotective effects of Levisticum officinale on LPS-induced spatial learning and memory impairments through neurotrophic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Food Funct 2021; 11:6608-6621. [PMID: 32648872 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01030h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Levisticum officinale (Apiaceae) has been identified as a medicinal plant in traditional medicine, with the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticholinesterase activities. The present study aims to evaluate the effects of Levisticum officinale extract (LOE) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced learning and memory deficits and to examine its potential mechanisms. LOE was administered to adult male Wistar rats at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg kg-1 for a week. Later, LPS was intraperitoneally injected at a dose of 1 mg kg-1 to induce neuroinflammation, and treatment with LOE continued for 3 more weeks. Behavioral, biochemical, and molecular analyses were performed at the end of the experiment. Moreover, quantitative immunohistochemical assessments of the expression of Ki-67 (intracellular proliferation marker) in the hippocampus were performed. The results revealed that LPS injection caused spatial memory impairment in the rats. Daily LOE treatment at applied doses for 4 weeks attenuated spatial learning and memory deficits in LPS-injected rats. Furthermore, LPS significantly increased the mRNA expression level of interleukin-6 in the hippocampus, which was accompanied by decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA expression levels. Moreover, LPS increased the levels of malondialdehyde, reduced the antioxidant enzyme activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase in the hippocampus, and impaired neurogenesis. However, pre-treatment with LOE at a dose of 100 mg kg-1 significantly reversed the LPS-induced changes, and improved neurogenesis. In conclusion, the beneficial effect of LOE on the improvement of learning and memory could be attributed to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, along with its ability to increase BDNF expression and neurogenesis in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeil Amraie
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Iran Pouraboli
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ziba Rajaei
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Monterrosas-Brisson N, Zagal-Guzmán M, Zamilpa A, Jiménez-Ferrer E, Avilés-Flores M, Fuentes-Mata M, Herrera-Ruiz M. Effect of Argemone mexicana on Local Edema and LPS-Induced Neuroinflammation. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2000790. [PMID: 33527713 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Argemone mexicana L. is a widely used plant in Mexican traditional medicine to treat inflammatory and nervous medical conditions. It has been subjected to several pharmacological and chemical studies in which acute anti-inflammatory activity is indicated. This work aimed at finding an extract and fraction with anti-inflammatory activity by means of 2-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced auricular edema. Afterward, the extract and the fraction were tested on neuroinflammation caused by lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Treatments obtained from A. mexicana included the methanolic extract (AmMeOH), a fraction extracted with ethyl acetate (AmAcOEt), and four sub-fractions (AmF-1 to AmF-4), which were evaluated in auricular edema with the TPA assay. Both treatments with the most significant inhibitory effect were employed to test these in the LPS neuroinflammation model. AmAcOEt and AmF-3 induced a higher inhibition of edema (%), and both diminished ear inflammation when viewed under a microscope. These treatments also raised an increase in spleen, but not in brain of mice with neuroinflammation. They were able to decrease the concentration of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) in both organs. Furthermore, the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) in hippocampus was not visible. AmF-3 contains the flavonoids isoquercetin, luteolin, and rutin, the former being the most concentrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayeli Monterrosas-Brisson
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos (UAEM), Av. Universidad 1001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62210, México
| | - Mayra Zagal-Guzmán
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos (UAEM), Av. Universidad 1001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62210, México.,Pharmacology Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Argentina 1, Colonia Centro, Xochitepec, Morelos, 62790, México
| | - Alejandro Zamilpa
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Argentina 1, Colonia Centro, Xochitepec, Morelos, 62790, México
| | - Enrique Jiménez-Ferrer
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Argentina 1, Colonia Centro, Xochitepec, Morelos, 62790, México
| | | | | | - Maribel Herrera-Ruiz
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Argentina 1, Colonia Centro, Xochitepec, Morelos, 62790, México
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Ali F, Siddique YH. Bioavailability and Pharmaco-therapeutic Potential of Luteolin in Overcoming Alzheimer's Disease. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 18:352-365. [PMID: 30892166 DOI: 10.2174/1871527318666190319141835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Luteolin is a naturally occurring, yellow crystalline flavonoid found in numerous dietary supplements we frequently have in our meals. Studies in the last 2 decades have revealed its therapeutic potential to reduce the Alzheimer's disease (AD) symptoms in various in vitro and in vivo models. The anti-Alzheimer's potential of luteolin is attributed to its ability to suppress Aβ as well as tau aggregation or promote their disaggregation, down-regulate the expression of COX-2, NOS, MMP-9, TNF-α, interleukins and chemokines, reduce oxidative stress by scavenging ROS, modulate the activities of transcription factors CREB, cJun, Nrf-1, NF-κB, p38, p53, AP-1 and β-catenine and inhibiting the activities of various protein kinases. In several systems, luteolin has been described as a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. In addition, we have also discussed about the bio-availability of the luteolin in the plasma. After being metabolized luteolin persists in plasma as glucuronides and sulphate-conjugates. Human clinical trials indicated no dose limiting toxicity when administered at a dose of 100 mg/day. Improvements in the formulations and drug delivery systems may further enhance the bioavailability and potency of luteolin. The current review describes in detail the data supporting these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Ali
- Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, India
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Fatima A, Siddique YH. Role of Flavonoids in Neurodegenerative Disorders with Special Emphasis on Tangeritin. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2019; 18:581-597. [DOI: 10.2174/1871527318666190916141934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are naturally occurring plant polyphenols found universally in all fruits, vegetables
and medicinal plants. They have emerged as a promising candidate in the formulation of treatment
strategies for various neurodegenerative disorders. The use of flavonoid rich plant extracts and
food in dietary supplementation have shown favourable outcomes. The present review describes the
types, properties and metabolism of flavonoids. Neuroprotective role of various flavonoids and the
possible mechanism of action in the brain against the neurodegeneration have been described in detail
with special emphasis on the tangeritin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambreen Fatima
- Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Yasir Hasan Siddique
- Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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Li A, Zhao J, Fan C, Zhu L, Huang C, Li Q, Gan D, Wen C, Chen M, Lu D. Delivery of exogenous proteins by mesenchymal stem cells attenuates early memory deficits in a murine model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 86:81-91. [PMID: 31837910 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A promising intervention for Alzheimer's disease (AD) would ideally target key pathological factors that are involved in AD pathogenesis. Soluble factors produced by engrafted mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) mediate potential therapeutic effects in AD. However, these therapeutic benefits are largely hampered by the limited paracrine capacity of MSCs. In this study, we used adenovirus-mediated gene transduction of bone marrow MSCs to deliver exogenous proteins into the brain of APPswe/PSEN1dE9 (APP/PS1) mice in the early stage of impairment. We observed that engrafted MSCs carrying exogenous (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1 (CX3CL1) alone reduced the production of the inflammatory cytokine TNF-ɑ and improved synapse-related protein expression but not cognitive function. Transplantation of MSCs carrying CX3CL1 and Wnt3a (CX3CL1-Wnt3a-MSC) significantly attenuated the learning and memory impairment when compared with a control group. The improvement of neurobehavioral functions in APP/PS1 mice treated with CX3CL1-Wnt3a-MSC was related to the inhibition of microglial neurotoxicity and promotion of hippocampal neurogenesis. Transplantation of CX3CL1-Wnt3a-MSC also regulated phosphoinositide 3-kinase/activated protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signaling to inhibit the activity of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β). Taken together, these results indicate that the delivery of exogenous proteins via MSCs can modulate microglial function and enhance neurogenesis, thereby providing new insights into AD intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiayi Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chongzhu Fan
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lihong Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cuiqin Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Danhui Gan
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Caiyan Wen
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengfei Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Daxiang Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Rengasamy KR, Khan H, Gowrishankar S, Lagoa RJ, Mahomoodally FM, Khan Z, Suroowan S, Tewari D, Zengin G, Hassan ST, Pandian SK. The role of flavonoids in autoimmune diseases: Therapeutic updates. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 194:107-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Elmazoglu Z, Yar Saglam AS, Sonmez C, Karasu C. Luteolin protects microglia against rotenone-induced toxicity in a hormetic manner through targeting oxidative stress response, genes associated with Parkinson’s disease and inflammatory pathways. Drug Chem Toxicol 2018; 43:96-103. [DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1504961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zubeyir Elmazoglu
- Cellular Stress Response and Signal Transduction Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Can Sonmez
- Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cimen Karasu
- Cellular Stress Response and Signal Transduction Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Spagnuolo C, Moccia S, Russo GL. Anti-inflammatory effects of flavonoids in neurodegenerative disorders. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 153:105-115. [PMID: 28923363 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is one of the main mechanisms involved in the progression of several neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson, Alzheimer, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and others. The activation of microglia is the main feature of neuroinflammation, promoting the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and resulting in the progressive neuronal cell death. Natural compounds, such as flavonoids, possess neuroprotective potential probably related to their ability to modulate the inflammatory responses involved in neurodegenerative diseases. In fact, pure flavonoids (e.g., quercetin, genistein, hesperetin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate) or enriched-extracts, can reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β and COX-2), down-regulate inflammatory markers and prevent neural damage. This anti-inflammatory activity is primarily related to the regulation of microglial cells, mediated by their effects on MAPKs and NF-κB signalling pathways, as demonstrated by in vivo and in vitro data. The present work reviews the role of inflammation in neurodegenerative diseases, highlighting the potential therapeutic effects of flavonoids as a promising approach to develop innovative neuroprotective strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Spagnuolo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, 83100 Avellino, Italy.
| | - Stefania Moccia
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Gian Luigi Russo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, 83100 Avellino, Italy
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Kitaoka Y, Tanito M, Kojima K, Sase K, Kaidzu S, Munemasa Y, Takagi H, Ohira A, Yodoi J. Axonal protection by thioredoxin-1 with inhibition of interleukin-1β in TNF-induced optic nerve degeneration. Exp Eye Res 2016; 152:71-76. [PMID: 27664905 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-1β, a proinflammatory cytokine, is a key mediator in several acute and chronic neurological diseases. Thioredoxin-1 (TRX1) acts as an antioxidant and plays a protective role in certain neurons. We examined whether exogenous TRX1 exerts axonal protection and affects IL-1β levels in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced optic nerve degeneration in rats. Immunoblot analysis showed that IL-1β was upregulated in the optic nerve after intravitreal injection of TNF. Treatment with recombinant human (rh) TRX1 exerted substantial protective effects against TNF-induced axonal loss. The increase in the IL-1β level in the optic nerve was abolished by rhTRX1. Treatment with rhTRX1 also significantly inhibited increased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) levels induced by TNF. Immunohistochemical analysis showed substantial colocalization of IL-1β and GFAP in the optic nerve after TNF injection. These results suggest that IL-1β is upregulated in astrocytes in the optic nerve after TNF injection and that exogenous rhTRX1 exerts axonal protection with an inhibitory effect on IL-1β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Kitaoka
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Masaki Tanito
- Division of Ophthalmology, Matsue Red Cross Hospital, Matsue, Shimane, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Kaori Kojima
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kana Sase
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sachiko Kaidzu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Yasunari Munemasa
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Takagi
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ohira
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Junji Yodoi
- Department of Biological Responses, Laboratory of Infection and Prevention, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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Adedara IA, Rosemberg DB, Souza DO, Farombi EO, Aschner M, Rocha JBT. Neuroprotection of luteolin against methylmercury-induced toxicity in lobster cockroach Nauphoeta cinerea. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 42:243-251. [PMID: 26905302 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Luteolin (3', 4', 5, 7-tetrahydroxyflavone) is a polyphenolic compound found in foods of plant origin and has been reported to possess antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. However, there is dearth of information on the beneficial effects of luteolin on methylmercury (MeHg), a long-established neurotoxic compound in animals and humans. This study evaluated the effect of luteolin on MeHg-induced behavioral and biochemical deficits, using lobster cockroach Nauphoeta cinerea as an alternative and complementary animal model. The insects were exposed for 35 consecutive days to either MeHg alone (0.05 mg/g feed) or in combination with luteolin at 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/g feed. Locomotor behavior was assessed using video-tracking software during a 10-min trial in a novel arena and subsequently, biochemical analyses were carried out using the cockroaches' heads. Luteolin supplementation dose-dependently reversed the MeHg-induced locomotor deficits and enhanced the exploratory profiles of MeHg-exposed cockroaches as confirmed by track and occupancy plot analyses. Luteolin reversed the MeHg-induced acetylcholinesterase activity inhibition, decreased dichlorofluorescein oxidation and lipid peroxidation levels, but increased total thiol level and catalase and glutathione S-transferase activities in the treated cockroaches. In conclusion, luteolin prevented oxidative stress indices and neurobehavioral deficits in a Nauphoeta cinerea model of MeHg toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac A Adedara
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600-Anexo, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Denis B Rosemberg
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Diogo O Souza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600-Anexo, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ebenezer O Farombi
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology; Albert Einstein College of Medicine Forchheimer 209; 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, U.S.A
| | - Joao B T Rocha
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Balyan R, Kudugunti SK, Hamad HA, Yousef MS, Moridani MY. Bioactivation of luteolin by tyrosinase selectively inhibits glutathione S-transferase. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 240:208-18. [PMID: 26279214 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferase (GST) plays a significant role in the metabolism and detoxification of drugs used in treatment of melanoma, resulting in a decrease in drug efficacy. Tyrosinase is an abundant enzyme found in melanoma. In this study, we used a tyrosinase targeted approach to selectively inhibit GST. In the presence of tyrosinase, luteolin (10 μM) showed 87% GST inhibition; whereas in the absence of tyrosinase, luteolin led to negligible GST inhibition. With respect to GSH, both luteolin-SG conjugate and luteolin-quinone inhibited ≥90% of GST activity via competitive reversible and irreversible mixed mechanisms with Ki of 0.74 μM and 0.02 μM, respectively. With respect to CDNB, the luteolin-SG conjugate inhibited GST activity via competitive reversible mechanism and competitively with Ki of 0.58 μM, whereas luteolin-quinone showed irreversible mixed inhibition of GST activity with Ki of 0.039 μM. Luteolin (100 μM) inhibited GST in mixed manner with Ki of 53 μM with respect to GSH and non-competitively with respect to CDNB with Ki of 38 μM. Luteolin, at a concentration range of 5-80 μM, exhibited 78-99% GST inhibition in human SK-MEL-28 cell homogenate. Among the 3 species of intact luteolin, luteolin-SG conjugate, and luteoline-quinone, only the latter two have potential as drugs with Ki < 1 μM, which is potentially achievable in-vivo as therapeutic agents. The order of GST inhibition was luteolin-quinone >> luteolin-SG conjugate >>> luteolin. In summary, our results suggest that luteolin was bioactivated by tyrosinase to form a luteolin-quinone and luteolin-glutathione conjugate, which inhibited GST. For the first time, in addition to intracellular GSH depletion, we demonstrate that luteolin acts as a selective inhibitor of GST in the presence of tyrosinase. Such strategy could potentially be used to selectively inhibit GST, a drug detoxifying enzyme, in melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Balyan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Shashi K Kudugunti
- Repligen Corporation, 41 Seyon St, Bldg 1, Suite 100, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Hamzah A Hamad
- Department of Physics, College of Arts & Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL 62025, USA
| | - Mohammad S Yousef
- Department of Physics, College of Arts & Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL 62025, USA; Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Majid Y Moridani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA; Clinical Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 W. Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 5322, USA.
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Solanki I, Parihar P, Mansuri ML, Parihar MS. Flavonoid-based therapies in the early management of neurodegenerative diseases. Adv Nutr 2015; 6:64-72. [PMID: 25593144 PMCID: PMC4288281 DOI: 10.3945/an.114.007500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past several years, there has been enormous progress in the understanding of the causative factors that initiate neuronal damage in various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington disease. Preventing neuronal damage and neuronal death will have a huge clinical benefit. However, despite major advances in causative factors that trigger these neurodegenerative diseases, to date there have been no therapies available that benefit patients who suffer from these diseases. Because most neurodegenerative diseases are late-onset and remain asymptomatic for most of the phases, the therapies initiated in advanced stages of the disease have limited value to patients. It may be possible to prevent or halt the disease progression to a great extent if therapies start at the initial stage of the disease. Such therapies may restore neuronal function by reducing or even eliminating the primary stressor. Flavonoids are key compounds for the development of a new generation of therapeutic agents that are clinically effective in treating neurodegenerative diseases. Regular consumption of flavonoids has been associated with a reduced risk of neurodegenerative diseases. In addition to their antioxidant properties, these polyphenolic compounds exhibit neuroprotective properties by their interaction with cellular signaling pathways followed by transcription and translation that mediate cell function under both normal and pathologic conditions. This review focuses on human intervention studies as well as animal studies on the role of various flavonoids in the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mordhwaj S Parihar
- School of Studies in Zoology and Biotechnology, Vikram University, Ujjain, India
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Yoo DY, Choi JH, Kim W, Nam SM, Jung HY, Kim JH, Won MH, Yoon YS, Hwang IK. Effects of luteolin on spatial memory, cell proliferation, and neuroblast differentiation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus in a scopolamine-induced amnesia model. Neurol Res 2013; 35:813-20. [DOI: 10.1179/1743132813y.0000000217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dae Young Yoo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologyCollege of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Hoon Choi
- Department of AnatomyCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Woosuk Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologyCollege of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Min Nam
- Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologyCollege of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyo Young Jung
- Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologyCollege of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Hwi Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologyCollege of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of NeurobiologySchool of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Yeo Sung Yoon
- Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologyCollege of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In Koo Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologyCollege of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Xuan A, Long D, Li J, Ji W, Zhang M, Hong L, Liu J. Hydrogen sulfide attenuates spatial memory impairment and hippocampal neuroinflammation in β-amyloid rat model of Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2012; 9:202. [PMID: 22898621 PMCID: PMC3458984 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-9-202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endogenously produced hydrogen sulfide (H2S) may have multiple functions in brain. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated its anti-inflammatory effects. In the present study, we investigated the effect of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, a H2S donor) on cognitive impairment and neuroinflammatory changes induced by injections of Amyloid-β1-40 (Aβ1-40), and explored possible mechanisms of action. Methods We injected Aβ1-40 into the hippocampus of rats to mimic rat model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Morris water maze was used to detect the cognitive function. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay was performed to detect neuronal apoptosis. Immunohistochemistry analyzed the response of glia. The expression of interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The expression of Aβ1-40, phospho-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phospho-p65 Nuclear factor (NF)-κB, and phospho-c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) was analyzed by western blot. Results We demonstrated that pretreatment with NaHS ameliorated learning and memory deficits in an Aβ1-40 rat model of AD. NaHS treatment suppressed Aβ1-40-induced apoptosis in the CA1 subfield of the hippocampus. Moreover, the over-expression in IL-1β and TNF-α as well as the extensive astrogliosis and microgliosis in the hippocampus induced by Aβ1-40 were significantly reduced following administration of NaHS. Concomitantly, treatment with NaHS alleviated the levels of p38 MAPK and p65 NF-κB phosphorylation but not JNK phosphorylation that occurred in the Aβ1-40-injected hippocampus. Conclusions These results indicate that NaHS could significantly ameliorate Aβ1-40-induced spatial learning and memory impairment, apoptosis, and neuroinflammation at least in part via the inhibition of p38 MAPK and p65 NF-κB activity, suggesting that administration of NaHS could provide a therapeutic approach for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiguo Xuan
- Department of Anatomy, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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