1
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Kaya AD, Tekin O, Colak Y, Serin I. How complicated can be a case with immune thrombocytopenic purpura?: postsplenectomy arterial thrombosis. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2024; 35:209-213. [PMID: 38407854 DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0000000000001290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Arterial thrombus associated with the surgery can be seen in postsplenectomy cases, but there is no clear data in patients diagnosed with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). A 52-year-old female patient was admitted to the emergency department due to ecchymotic skin changes. Her initial platelet count was 6000/mm 3 ; after two courses of high dose-dexamethasone, intravenous immunoglobulin and rituximab, splenectomy was planned for the patient whose platelet count was again <40 000/mm 3 . She presented to the emergency department with complaints of pain and pallor in the right arm in the second week of follow-up. There was a mural thrombus that caused approximately 50% stenosis in the lumen at the division site in the aortic arch, proximal of the right subclavian artery. The patient's clinic was found to be associated with the presence of an aberrant right subclavian artery and postoperative thrombocytosis/inflammation after elimination other prothrombotic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Deniz Kaya
- Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery
| | - Oguzhan Tekin
- Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri Training and Research Hospital, Department of General Surgery
| | - Yasin Colak
- Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri Training and Research Hospital, Department of Hematology, Agri, Turkey
| | - Istemi Serin
- Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri Training and Research Hospital, Department of Hematology, Agri, Turkey
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2
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Liang P, Zhang Y, Wan YCS, Ma S, Dong P, Lowry AJ, Francis SJ, Khandelwal S, Delahunty M, Telen MJ, Strouse JJ, Arepally GM, Yang H. Deciphering and disrupting PIEZO1-TMEM16F interplay in hereditary xerocytosis. Blood 2024; 143:357-369. [PMID: 38033286 PMCID: PMC10862370 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023021465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Cell-surface exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS) is essential for phagocytic clearance and blood clotting. Although a calcium-activated phospholipid scramblase (CaPLSase) has long been proposed to mediate PS exposure in red blood cells (RBCs), its identity, activation mechanism, and role in RBC biology and disease remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that TMEM16F, the long-sought-after RBC CaPLSase, is activated by calcium influx through the mechanosensitive channel PIEZO1 in RBCs. PIEZO1-TMEM16F functional coupling is enhanced in RBCs from individuals with hereditary xerocytosis (HX), an RBC disorder caused by PIEZO1 gain-of-function channelopathy. Enhanced PIEZO1-TMEM16F coupling leads to an increased propensity to expose PS, which may serve as a key risk factor for HX clinical manifestations including anemia, splenomegaly, and postsplenectomy thrombosis. Spider toxin GsMTx-4 and antigout medication benzbromarone inhibit PIEZO1, preventing force-induced echinocytosis, hemolysis, and PS exposure in HX RBCs. Our study thus reveals an activation mechanism of TMEM16F CaPLSase and its pathophysiological function in HX, providing insights into potential treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Liang
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Yui Chun S. Wan
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Shang Ma
- Children’s Research Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Ping Dong
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Augustus J. Lowry
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Samuel J. Francis
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Sanjay Khandelwal
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Martha Delahunty
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Marilyn J. Telen
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - John J. Strouse
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | | | - Huanghe Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
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3
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Stevens-Hernandez CJ, Flatt JF, Kupzig S, Bruce LJ. Reticulocyte Maturation and Variant Red Blood Cells. Front Physiol 2022; 13:834463. [PMID: 35356079 PMCID: PMC8959883 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.834463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow produces billions of reticulocytes daily. These reticulocytes mature into red blood cells by reducing their plasma membrane by 20% and ejecting or degrading residual internal organelles, membranes and proteins not required by the mature cell. This process occurs by autophagy, protein degradation and vesiculation but is not well understood. We previously reported that Southeast Asian Ovalocytic RBCs demonstrate incomplete reticulocyte maturation and we have now extended this study to a number of other variant RBCs. By comparing the profile of a pure reticulocyte preparation of cultured red cells with these variant cells, we show that the largest of these cells, the overhydrated hereditary stomatocytosis cells, are the least mature, they barely reduced their plasma membrane and contain large amounts of proteins that should have been reduced or removed. Intermediate sized variant RBCs appear to be more mature but retain some endoplasmic reticulum and residual membrane proteins. We propose that the size and composition of these variant cell types correlate with the different stages of reticulocyte maturation and provide insight into the reticulocyte maturation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian J Stevens-Hernandez
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, NHS Blood and Transplant, Bristol, United Kingdom.,School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.,Component Development Laboratory, NHS Blood and Transplant, Long Road, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna F Flatt
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, NHS Blood and Transplant, Bristol, United Kingdom.,School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Sabine Kupzig
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, NHS Blood and Transplant, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Lesley J Bruce
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, NHS Blood and Transplant, Bristol, United Kingdom.,School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.,Component Development Laboratory, NHS Blood and Transplant, Long Road, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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4
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Jankovsky N, Caulier A, Demagny J, Guitton C, Djordjevic S, Lebon D, Ouled‐Haddou H, Picard V, Garçon L. Recent advances in the pathophysiology of PIEZO1-related hereditary xerocytosis. Am J Hematol 2021; 96:1017-1026. [PMID: 33848364 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.26192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary xerocytosis is a rare red blood cell disease related to gain-of-function mutations in the FAM38A gene, encoding PIEZO1, in 90% of cases; PIEZO1 is a broadly expressed mechano-transducer that plays a major role in many cell systems and tissues that respond to mechanical stress. In erythrocytes, PIEZO1 adapts the intracellular ionic content and cell hydration status to the mechanical constraints induced by the environment. Until recently, the pathophysiology of hereditary xerocytosis was mainly believed to be based on the "PIEZO1-Gardos channel axis" in erythrocytes, according to which PIEZO1-activating mutations induce a calcium influx that secondarily activates the Gardos channel, leading to potassium and water efflux and subsequently to red blood cell dehydration. However, recent studies have demonstrated additional roles for PIEZO1 during early erythropoiesis and reticulocyte maturation, as well as roles in other tissues and cells such as lymphatic vessels, hepatocytes, macrophages and platelets that may affect the pathophysiology of the disease. These findings, presented and discussed in this review, broaden our understanding of hereditary xerocytosis beyond that of primarily being a red blood cell disease and identify potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Jankovsky
- UR4666 HEMATIM Université Picardie Jules Verne Amiens France
- Service d'Hématologie Clinique, CHU Amiens‐Picardie Amiens France
| | - Alexis Caulier
- UR4666 HEMATIM Université Picardie Jules Verne Amiens France
- Service d'Hématologie Clinique, CHU Amiens‐Picardie Amiens France
| | - Julien Demagny
- UR4666 HEMATIM Université Picardie Jules Verne Amiens France
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique, CHU Amiens‐Picardie Amiens France
| | - Corinne Guitton
- Service de Pédiatrie Générale, CHU Bicêtre Le Kremlin‐Bicêtre France
- Centre de référence des maladies constitutionnelles du globule rouge et de l'érythropoïèse (Filière MCGRE) Créteil France
| | | | - Delphine Lebon
- UR4666 HEMATIM Université Picardie Jules Verne Amiens France
- Service d'Hématologie Clinique, CHU Amiens‐Picardie Amiens France
| | | | - Véronique Picard
- Centre de référence des maladies constitutionnelles du globule rouge et de l'érythropoïèse (Filière MCGRE) Créteil France
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique, CHU Bicêtre Le Kremlin‐Bicêtre France
- Faculté de Pharmacie Université Paris Saclay Châtenay‐Malabry France
| | - Loïc Garçon
- UR4666 HEMATIM Université Picardie Jules Verne Amiens France
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique, CHU Amiens‐Picardie Amiens France
- Centre de référence des maladies constitutionnelles du globule rouge et de l'érythropoïèse (Filière MCGRE) Créteil France
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5
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Surface loading of nanoparticles on engineered or natural erythrocytes for prolonged circulation time: strategies and applications. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:1040-1054. [PMID: 33772141 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00606-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nano drug-delivery systems (DDS) may significantly improve efficiency and reduce toxicity of loaded drugs, but a few nano-DDS are highly successful in clinical use. Unprotected nanoparticles in blood flow are often quickly cleared, which could limit their circulation time and drug delivery efficiency. Elongating their blood circulation time may improve their delivery efficiency or grant them new therapeutic possibilities. Erythrocytes are abundant endogenous cells in blood and are continuously renewed, with a long life span of 100-120 days. Hence, loading nanoparticles on the surface of erythrocytes to protect the nanoparticles could be highly effective for enhancing their in vivo circulation time. One of the key questions here is how to properly attach nanoparticles on erythrocytes for different purposes and different types of nanoparticles to achieve ideal results. In this review, we describe various methods to attach nanoparticles and drugs to the erythrocyte surface, and discuss the key factors that influence the stability and circulation properties of the erythrocytes-based delivery system in vivo. These data show that using erythrocytes as a host for nanoparticles possesses great potential for further development.
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6
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Kaliyaperumal R, Wang J, Meiselman HJ, Neu B. Phenazine methosulphate-treated red blood cells activate NF-κB and upregulate endothelial ICAM-1 expression. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2019; 79:102343. [PMID: 31302453 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2019.102343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although enhanced Red Blood Cell (RBC) - Endothelial Cell (EC) interaction, as well as RBC induced EC activation, have been extensively studied in several RBC-linked pathologies, the specific individual effects of oxidatively modified RBC on EC activation has not yet been documented. However, increasing evidence in both experimental and clinical studies suggests that oxidatively modified RBC could be considered potential pathogenic determinants in several acute and chronic diseases displaying systemic oxidative stress. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the specific effects of oxidized RBC interaction with endothelial cells on intracellular signaling pathways that promote EC activation. RBC were exposed to oxidative stress induced by phenazine methosulphate (PMS). It is shown that the interaction of oxidatively modified RBC with cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) results in: a) EC activation as indicated by the increased surface expression of intercellular adhesion molecule -1 (ICAM-1); b) the activation of transcription factor NF-κB, an indicator of cellular oxidant stress. These results emphasize the specific contribution of oxidatively modified RBC interaction to EC activation and their possible pathological role in vascular diseases and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Björn Neu
- Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences, Germany.
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7
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Depletion interaction forces contribute to erythrocyte-endothelial adhesion in diabetes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 516:144-148. [PMID: 31200959 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal adhesion of red blood cells (RBC) to the endothelium has been linked to the pathophysiology of several diseases associated with vascular disorders. Various biochemical changes on the outer membrane of RBC, as well as plasma protein levels, have been identified as possibly playing key roles, but the detailed interplay between plasma factors and cellular factors often remains unclear. In this work, we identified an alternative pathway by demonstrating that non-adsorbing macromolecules can also have a marked impact on the adhesion efficiency of RBC from patients with type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) to endothelial cells (EC). RBC isolated from blood samples of T2DM patients were suspended in isotonic solutions of dextran in order to mimic the impact of non-adsorbing macromolecules. Static and continuous flow adhesion assays were used to determine the adhesion behavior of T2DM RBC with EC and the results compared with those of normal controls. We found that the presence of non-adsorbing molecules promotes an increase in T2DM RBC - EC adhesion and that these RBC exhibit much greater adhesion than normal red cells. Our results thus suggest that the depletion mechanism might be an alternative phenomenon through which plasma proteins could cause enhanced RBC-EC adhesion in diabetes mellitus. These findings contribute towards the comprehensive understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms of vascular complications in diabetes and other diseases with similar vascular sequelae.
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8
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Picard V, Guitton C, Thuret I, Rose C, Bendelac L, Ghazal K, Aguilar-Martinez P, Badens C, Barro C, Bénéteau C, Berger C, Cathébras P, Deconinck E, Delaunay J, Durand JM, Firah N, Galactéros F, Godeau B, Jaïs X, de Jaureguiberry JP, Le Stradic C, Lifermann F, Maffre R, Morin G, Perrin J, Proulle V, Ruivard M, Toutain F, Lahary A, Garçon L. Clinical and biological features in PIEZO1-hereditary xerocytosis and Gardos channelopathy: a retrospective series of 126 patients. Haematologica 2019; 104:1554-1564. [PMID: 30655378 PMCID: PMC6669138 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.205328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe the clinical, hematologic and genetic characteristics of a retrospective series of 126 subjects from 64 families with hereditary xerocytosis. Twelve patients from six families carried a KCNN4 mutation, five had the recurrent p.Arg352His mutation and one had a new deletion at the exon 7-intron 7 junction. Forty-nine families carried a PIEZO1 mutation, which was a known recurrent mutation in only one-third of the cases and private sequence variation in others; 12 new probably pathogenic missense mutations were identified. The two dominant features leading to diagnosis were hemolysis that persisted after splenectomy and hyperferritinemia, with an inconstant correlation with liver iron content assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. PIEZO1-hereditary xerocytosis was characterized by compensated hemolysis in most cases, perinatal edema of heterogeneous severity in more than 20% of families and a major risk of post-splenectomy thrombotic events, including a high frequency of portal thrombosis. In KCNN4-related disease, the main symptoms were more severe anemia, hemolysis and iron overload, with no clear sign of red cell dehydration; therefore, this disorder would be better described as a ‘Gardos channelopathy’. These data on the largest series to date indicate that PIEZO1-hereditary xerocytosis and Gardos channelopathy are not the same disease although they share hemolysis, a high rate of iron overload and inefficient splenectomy. They demonstrate the high variability in clinical expression as well as genetic bases of PIEZO1-hereditary xerocytosis. These results will help to improve the diagnosis of hereditary xerocytosis and to provide recommendations on the clinical management in terms of splenectomy, iron overload and pregnancy follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Picard
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Center Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bicêtre, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Le Kremlin-Bicêtre.,Université Paris Sud Paris Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, Chatenay Malabry
| | - Corinne Guitton
- Service de Pédiatrie Générale, CHU Bicêtre et Filière MCGRE, AP-HP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre
| | - Isabelle Thuret
- Service de Pédiatrie, Hôpital La Timone, Aix Marseille University, Marseille
| | - Christian Rose
- Service d'Oncologie et d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul, Lille
| | - Laurence Bendelac
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Center Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bicêtre, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Le Kremlin-Bicêtre
| | - Kaldoun Ghazal
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU Bicêtre, AP-HP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre
| | | | | | - Claire Barro
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie Biologique, CHU Grenoble, Grenoble
| | | | - Claire Berger
- Service d'Hématologie-Oncologie Pédiatrique, CHU, Saint-Etienne
| | | | | | | | | | - Nadia Firah
- Service de Pédiatrie, Centre Hospitaliere (CH) Pau
| | - Frédéric Galactéros
- Centre de Référence des Syndromes Drépanocytaires Majeurs, Hôpital Henri-Mondor, AP-HP, Créteil
| | - Bertrand Godeau
- Service de Médecine Interne, CHU Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Créteil
| | - Xavier Jaïs
- Service de Pneumologie, CHU Bicêtre, AP-HP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre
| | | | | | | | - Robert Maffre
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Center Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bicêtre, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Le Kremlin-Bicêtre
| | | | | | - Valérie Proulle
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Center Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bicêtre, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Le Kremlin-Bicêtre
| | - Marc Ruivard
- Service de Médecine Interne, CHU Estaing, Clermont-Ferrand
| | | | | | - Loïc Garçon
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Center Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bicêtre, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Le Kremlin-Bicêtre .,Equipe d'Accueil 4666 HEMATIM Université de Picardie Jules Verne and Service d'Hématologie Biologique, CHU Amiens, France
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9
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Abstract
The erythrocyte contains a network of pathways that regulate salt and water content in the face of extracellular and intracellular osmotic perturbations. This allows the erythrocyte to maintain a narrow range of cell hemoglobin concentration, a process critical for normal red blood cell function and survival. Primary disorders that perturb volume homeostasis jeopardize the erythrocyte and may lead to its premature destruction. These disorders are marked by clinical, laboratory, and physiologic heterogeneity. Recent studies have revealed that these disorders are also marked by genetic heterogeneity. They have implicated roles for several proteins, PIEZO1, a mammalian mechanosensory protein; GLUT1, the glucose transporter; SLC4A1, the anion transporter; RhAG, the Rh-associated glycoprotein; KCNN4, the Gardos channel; and ABCB6, an adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette family member, in the maintenance of erythrocyte volume homeostasis. Secondary disorders of erythrocyte hydration include sickle cell disease, thalassemia, hemoglobin CC, and hereditary spherocytosis, where cellular dehydration may be a significant contributor to disease pathology and clinical complications. Understanding the pathways regulating erythrocyte water and solute content may reveal innovative strategies to maintain normal volume in disorders associated with primary or secondary cellular dehydration. These mechanisms will serve as a paradigm for other cells and may reveal new therapeutic targets for disease prevention and treatment beyond the erythrocyte.
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10
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Smeets MWJ, Bierings R, Meems H, Mul FPJ, Geerts D, Vlaar APJ, Voorberg J, Hordijk PL. Platelet-independent adhesion of calcium-loaded erythrocytes to von Willebrand factor. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173077. [PMID: 28249049 PMCID: PMC5332109 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adhesion of erythrocytes to endothelial cells lining the vascular wall can cause vaso-occlusive events that impair blood flow which in turn may result in ischemia and tissue damage. Adhesion of erythrocytes to vascular endothelial cells has been described in multiple hemolytic disorders, especially in sickle cell disease, but the adhesion of normal erythrocytes to endothelial cells has hardly been described. It was shown that calcium-loaded erythrocytes can adhere to endothelial cells. Because sickle erythrocyte adhesion to ECs can be enhanced by ultra-large von Willebrand factor multimers, we investigated whether calcium loading of erythrocytes could promote binding to endothelial cells via ultra-large von Willebrand factor multimers. We used (immunofluorescent) live-cell imaging of washed erythrocytes perfused over primary endothelial cells at venular flow rate. Using this approach, we show that calcium-loaded erythrocytes strongly adhere to histamine-stimulated primary human endothelial cells. This adhesion is mediated by ultra-large von Willebrand factor multimers. Von Willebrand factor knockdown or ADAMTS13 cleavage abolished the binding of erythrocytes to activated endothelial cells under flow. Platelet depletion did not interfere with erythrocyte binding to von Willebrand factor. Our results reveal platelet-independent adhesion of calcium-loaded erythrocytes to endothelium-derived von Willebrand factor. Erythrocyte adhesion to von Willebrand factor may be particularly relevant for venous thrombosis, which is characterized by the formation of erythrocyte-rich thrombi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel W. J. Smeets
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin-Academic Medical Center Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruben Bierings
- Department of Plasma Proteins, Sanquin-Academic Medical Center Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henriet Meems
- Department of Plasma Proteins, Sanquin-Academic Medical Center Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik P. J. Mul
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin-Academic Medical Center Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Geerts
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander P. J. Vlaar
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Voorberg
- Department of Plasma Proteins, Sanquin-Academic Medical Center Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter L. Hordijk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin-Academic Medical Center Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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11
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Abed M, Thiel C, Towhid S, Alzoubi K, Honisch S, Lang F, Königsrainer A. Stimulation of Erythrocyte Cell Membrane Scrambling by C-Reactive Protein. Cell Physiol Biochem 2017; 41:806-818. [DOI: 10.1159/000458745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Eryptosis, the suicidal erythrocyte death characterized by cell shrinkage and phosphatidylserine-translocation, is triggered by fever and inflammation. Signaling includes increased cytosolic Ca2+-activity ([Ca2+]i), caspase activation, and ceramide. Inflammation is associated with increased plasma concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP). The present study explored whether CRP triggers eryptosis. Methods: Phosphatidylserine abundance at the cell surface was estimated from annexin-V-binding, cell volume from forward scatter, [Ca2+]i from Fluo3-fluorescence, ceramide abundance and caspase-3-activity utilizing FITC-conjugated antibodies. Moreover, blood was drawn from patients with acute appendicitis (9♀,11♂) and healthy volunteers (10♀,10♂) for determination of CRP, blood count and phosphatidylserine. Results: A 48h CRP treatment significantly increased the percentage of annexin-V-binding cells (≥5µg/ml), [Ca2+]i (≥5µg/ml), ceramide (20µg/ml) and caspase-activity (20µg/ml). Annexin-V-binding was significantly blunted by caspase inhibitor zVAD (10µM). The percentage of phosphatidylserine-exposing erythrocytes in freshly drawn blood was significantly higher in appendicitis patients (1.83±0.21%) than healthy volunteers (0.81±0.09%), and significantly higher following a 24h incubation of erythrocytes from healthy volunteers to patient plasma than to plasma from healthy volunteers. The percentage of phosphatidylserine-exposing erythrocytes correlated with CRP plasma concentration. Conclusion: C-reactive protein triggers eryptosis, an effect at least partially due to increase of [Ca2+]i, increase of ceramide abundance and caspase activation.
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12
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Almasry M, Jemaà M, Mischitelli M, Lang F, Faggio C. Camalexin-Induced Cell Membrane Scrambling and Cell Shrinkage in Human Erythrocytes. Cell Physiol Biochem 2017; 41:731-741. [DOI: 10.1159/000458733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims: The thaliana phytoalexin Camalexin has been proposed for the treatment of malignancy. Camalexin counteracts tumor growth in part by stimulation of suicidal death or apoptosis of tumor cells. Similar to apoptosis of nucleated cells, erythrocytes may enter suicidal death or eryptosis, which is characterized by cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling with phosphatidylserine translocation to the erythrocyte surface. Cellular mechanisms contributing to the complex machinery executing eryptosis include increase of cytosolic Ca2+ activity ([Ca2+]i), oxidative stress, ceramide, protein kinase C and caspases. The present study explored, whether Camalexin induces eryptosis and, if so, to shed light on mechanisms involved. Methods: Phosphatidylserine exposure at the cell surface was estimated from annexin-V-binding, cell volume from forward scatter, [Ca2+]i from Fluo-3 fluorescence, ROS formation from DCFDA dependent fluorescence, and ceramide abundance utilizing specific antibodies. Results: A 48 hours exposure of human erythrocytes to Camalexin significantly increased the percentage of annexin-V-binding cells (≥ 10 µg/ml), significantly decreased forward scatter (≥ 5 µg/ml) and significantly increased Fluo-3-fluorescence (≥ 10 µg/ml), but did not significantly modify DCFDA fluorescence or ceramide abundance. The effect of Camalexin on annexin-V-binding was significantly blunted by removal of extracellular Ca2+, by kinase inhibitors staurosporine (1 µM) and chelerythrine (10 µM), as well as by caspase inhibitors zVAD (10 µM) and zIETD-fmk (50 µM). Conclusions: Camalexin triggers cell shrinkage and phospholipid scrambling of the erythrocyte cell membrane, an effect at least in part depending on Ca2+ entry, as well as staurosporine and chelerythrine sensitive kinase(s) as well as zVAD and zIETD-fmk sensitive caspase(s).
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13
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Villa CH, Cines DB, Siegel DL, Muzykantov V. Erythrocytes as Carriers for Drug Delivery in Blood Transfusion and Beyond. Transfus Med Rev 2016; 31:26-35. [PMID: 27707522 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBCs) are innate carriers that can also be engineered to improve the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of many drugs, particularly biotherapeutics. Successful loading of drugs, both internally and on the external surface of RBCs, has been demonstrated for many drugs including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antithrombotic agents. Methods for internal loading of drugs within RBCs are now entering clinical use. Although internal loading can result in membrane disruption that may compromise biocompatibility, surface loading using either affinity or chemical ligands offers a diverse set of approaches for the production of RBC drug carriers. A wide range of surface determinants is potentially available for this approach, although there remains a need to characterize the effects of coupling agents to these surface proteins. Somewhat surprisingly, recent data also suggest that red cell-mediated delivery may confer tolerogenic immune effects. Questions remaining before widespread application of these technologies include determining the optimal loading protocol, source of RBCs, and production logistics, as well as addressing regulatory hurdles. Red blood cell drug carriers, after many decades of progress, are now poised to enter the clinic and broaden the potential application of RBCs in blood transfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos H Villa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
| | - Douglas B Cines
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Don L Siegel
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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Signoretto E, Zierle J, Bhuyan AAM, Castagna M, Lang F. Ceranib-2-induced suicidal erythrocyte death. Cell Biochem Funct 2016; 34:359-66. [PMID: 27291470 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Ceramide is known to trigger apoptosis of nucleated cells and eryptosis of erythrocytes. Eryptosis is characterized by cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling with phosphatidylserine translocation to the erythrocyte surface. Besides ceramide, stimulators of eryptosis include increase of cytosolic Ca(2+) -activity ([Ca(2+) ]i ) and oxidative stress. Ceramide is degraded by acid ceramidase and inhibition of the enzyme similarly triggers apoptosis. The present study explored, whether ceramidase inhibitor Ceranib-2 induces eryptosis. Flow cytometry was employed to quantify phosphatidylserine-exposure at the cell surface from annexin-V-binding, cell volume from forward scatter, [Ca(2+) ]i from Fluo3-fluorescence, reactive oxygen species (ROS) from DCF dependent fluorescence, and ceramide abundance utilizing specific antibodies. Hemolysis was estimated from hemoglobin concentration in the supernatant. A 48 h exposure of human erythrocytes to Ceranib-2 significantly increased the percentage of annexin-V-binding cells (≥50 μM) and the percentage of hemolytic cells (≥10 μM) without significantly modifying forward scatter. Ceranib-2 significantly increased Fluo3-fluorescence, DCF fluorescence and ceramide abundance. The effect of Ceranib-2 on annexin-V-binding was not significantly blunted by removal of extracellular Ca(2+) . Ceranib-2 triggers phospholipid scrambling of the erythrocyte cell membrane, an effect at least in part due to increase of ceramide abundance and induction of oxidative stress, but not dependent on Ca(2+) entry. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Signoretto
- Departments of Physiology and Cardiology & Cardiovascular Medicine, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Jens Zierle
- Departments of Physiology and Cardiology & Cardiovascular Medicine, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Abdulla Al Mamun Bhuyan
- Departments of Physiology and Cardiology & Cardiovascular Medicine, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Michela Castagna
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Florian Lang
- Departments of Physiology and Cardiology & Cardiovascular Medicine, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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Manzur-Jattin F, Álvarez-Ortega N, Moneriz-Pretell C, Corrales-Santander H, Cantillo-García K. Eriptosis: mecanismos moleculares y su implicación en la enfermedad aterotrombótica. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE CARDIOLOGÍA 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rccar.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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16
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Officioso A, Manna C, Alzoubi K, Lang F. Bromfenvinphos induced suicidal death of human erythrocytes. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 126:58-63. [PMID: 26778435 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The organophosphorus pesticide bromfenvinphos ((E,Z)-O,O-diethyl-O-[1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-bromovinyl] phosphate) has been shown to decrease hematocrit and hemoglobin levels in blood presumably by triggering oxidative stress of erythrocytes. Oxidative stress is known to activate erythrocytic Ca(2+) permeable unselective cation channels leading to Ca(2+) entry and increase of cytosolic Ca(2+) activity ([Ca(2+)]i), which in turn triggers eryptosis, the suicidal death characterized by cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling with phosphatidylserine translocation to the erythrocyte surface. The present study explored, whether and how bromfenvinphos induces eryptosis. To this end, phosphatidylserine exposure at the cell surface was estimated from annexin-V-binding, cell volume from forward scatter, hemolysis from hemoglobin release, [Ca(2+)]i from Fluo3-fluorescence, and ROS formation from DCFDA dependent fluorescence. As a result, a 48hour exposure of human erythrocytes to bromfenvinphos (≥100μM) significantly increased the percentage of annexin-V-binding cells, significantly decreased forward scatter, significantly increased Fluo3-fluorescence, and significantly increased DCFDA fluorescence. The effect of bromfenvinphos on annexin-V-binding and forward scatter was significantly blunted, but not abolished by removal of extracellular Ca(2+). In conclusion, bromfenvinphos triggers cell shrinkage and phospholipid scrambling of the erythrocyte cell membrane, an effect in part due to stimulation of ROS formation and Ca(2+) entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arbace Officioso
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, School of Medicine and Surgery, Second University of Naples, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Caterina Manna
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, School of Medicine and Surgery, Second University of Naples, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Kousi Alzoubi
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
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17
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Attanasio P, Bissinger R, Haverkamp W, Pieske B, Wutzler A, Lang F. Enhanced suicidal erythrocyte death in acute cardiac failure. Eur J Clin Invest 2015; 45:1316-24. [PMID: 26479159 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A common complication of acute cardiac failure (AHF) is anaemia, which negatively influences the clinical outcome. Causes of anaemia include enhanced eryptosis, a suicidal erythrocyte death characterized by cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling with phosphatidylserine translocation. Signalling triggering eryptosis include oxidative stress, increase of cytosolic Ca(2+) -activity ([Ca(2+) ]i ) and ceramide. The present study explored whether AHF is associated with accelerated eryptosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Erythrocytes were drawn from healthy volunteers (n = 10) and patients hospitalized for AHF (n = 22). Phosphatidylserine exposure was estimated from annexin-V-binding, cell volume from forward scatter, [Ca(2+) ]i from Fluo3-fluorescence, ceramide abundance utilizing specific antibodies and reactive oxygen species (ROS) abundance from 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) fluorescence, as determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS In AHF-patients, haemoglobin concentration (11·5 ± 0·5 g/dL), and haematocrit (35·6 ± 1·2%) were significantly lower than haemoglobin concentration (14·1 ± 0·4 g/dL), and haematocrit (40·1 ± 1·0%) in healthy volunteers, even though reticulocyte number was significantly higher in AHF patients (2·3 ± 0·3%) than in healthy volunteers (1·1 ± 0·2%). The percentage of erythrocytes exposing phosphatidylserine was significantly higher in AHF patients (1·8 ± 0·1%) than in healthy volunteers (1·2 ± 0·2%). The forward scatter was significantly lower and the ROS abundance significantly larger in AHF patients than in healthy volunteers. In erythrocytes drawn from healthy volunteers, phosphatidylserine and ROS abundance was increased to significantly higher values following a 24 h treatment with plasma from AHF patients than with plasma from healthy volunteers. CONCLUSION AHF leads to anaemia despite increased reticulocyte number and at least partially due to enhanced eryptosis. Underlying mechanisms include oxidative stress imposed by a plasma borne component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Attanasio
- Department of Cardiology, Charité, Campus Virchow Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rosi Bissinger
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Haverkamp
- Department of Cardiology, Charité, Campus Virchow Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Burkert Pieske
- Department of Cardiology, Charité, Campus Virchow Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Wutzler
- Department of Cardiology, Charité, Campus Virchow Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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18
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Lang E, Bissinger R, Fajol A, Salker MS, Singh Y, Zelenak C, Ghashghaeinia M, Gu S, Jilani K, Lupescu A, Reyskens KMSE, Ackermann TF, Föller M, Schleicher E, Sheffield WP, Arthur JSC, Lang F, Qadri SM. Accelerated apoptotic death and in vivo turnover of erythrocytes in mice lacking functional mitogen- and stress-activated kinase MSK1/2. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17316. [PMID: 26611568 PMCID: PMC4661433 DOI: 10.1038/srep17316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitogen- and stress-activated kinase MSK1/2 plays a decisive role in apoptosis. In analogy to apoptosis of nucleated cells, suicidal erythrocyte death called eryptosis is characterized by cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling leading to phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization. Here, we explored whether MSK1/2 participates in the regulation of eryptosis. To this end, erythrocytes were isolated from mice lacking functional MSK1/2 (msk−/−) and corresponding wild-type mice (msk+/+). Blood count, hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration and mean erythrocyte volume were similar in both msk−/− and msk+/+ mice, but reticulocyte count was significantly increased in msk−/− mice. Cell membrane PS exposure was similar in untreated msk−/− and msk+/+ erythrocytes, but was enhanced by pathophysiological cell stressors ex vivo such as hyperosmotic shock or energy depletion to significantly higher levels in msk−/− erythrocytes than in msk+/+ erythrocytes. Cell shrinkage following hyperosmotic shock and energy depletion, as well as hemolysis following decrease of extracellular osmolarity was more pronounced in msk−/− erythrocytes. The in vivo clearance of autologously-infused CFSE-labeled erythrocytes from circulating blood was faster in msk−/− mice. The spleens from msk−/− mice contained a significantly greater number of PS-exposing erythrocytes than spleens from msk+/+ mice. The present observations point to accelerated eryptosis and subsequent clearance of erythrocytes leading to enhanced erythrocyte turnover in MSK1/2-deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Lang
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rosi Bissinger
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Abul Fajol
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Madhuri S Salker
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yogesh Singh
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christine Zelenak
- Charité Medical University Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mehrdad Ghashghaeinia
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Shuchen Gu
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Kashif Jilani
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, 38040 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Adrian Lupescu
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kathleen M S E Reyskens
- MRC Phosphorylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom.,Division of Cell Signaling and Immunology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa F Ackermann
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Föller
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,nstitute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 2, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Erwin Schleicher
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straβe 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - William P Sheffield
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S4K1, Canada.,Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S4K1, Canada
| | - J Simon C Arthur
- MRC Phosphorylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom.,Division of Cell Signaling and Immunology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Syed M Qadri
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S4K1, Canada.,Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S4K1, Canada
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19
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Bissinger R, Malik A, Bouguerra G, Zhou Y, Singh Y, Abbès S, Lang F. Triggering of Suicidal Erythrocyte Death by the Antibiotic Ionophore Nigericin. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2015; 118:381-9. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosi Bissinger
- Department of Physiology; University of Tuebingen; Tuebingen Germany
| | - Abaid Malik
- Department of Physiology; University of Tuebingen; Tuebingen Germany
| | - Ghada Bouguerra
- Department of Physiology; University of Tuebingen; Tuebingen Germany
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire; Institut Pasteur de Tunis; Université de Tunis-El Manar; Tunis Tunisia
| | - Yuetao Zhou
- Department of Physiology; University of Tuebingen; Tuebingen Germany
| | - Yogesh Singh
- Department of Physiology; University of Tuebingen; Tuebingen Germany
| | - Salem Abbès
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire; Institut Pasteur de Tunis; Université de Tunis-El Manar; Tunis Tunisia
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology; University of Tuebingen; Tuebingen Germany
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20
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Officioso A, Manna C, Alzoubi K, Lang F. Triggering of Erythrocyte Death by Triparanol. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7:3359-71. [PMID: 26305256 PMCID: PMC4549755 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7083359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The cholesterol synthesis inhibitor Triparanol has been shown to trigger apoptosis in several malignancies. Similar to the apoptosis of nucleated cells, erythrocytes may enter eryptosis, the suicidal death characterized by cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling with phosphatidylserine translocation to the erythrocyte surface. Triggers of eryptosis include oxidative stress which may activate erythrocytic Ca2+ permeable unselective cation channels with subsequent Ca2+ entry and increase of cytosolic Ca2+ activity ([Ca2+]i). The present study explored whether and how Triparanol induces eryptosis. To this end, phosphatidylserine exposure at the cell surface was estimated from annexin-V-binding, cell volume from forward scatter, hemolysis from hemoglobin release, [Ca2+]i from Fluo3-fluorescence, and ROS formation from 2’,7’-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) dependent fluorescence. As a result, a 48 h exposure of human erythrocytes to Triparanol (20 µM) significantly increased DCFDA fluorescence and significantly increased Fluo3-fluorescence. Triparanol (15 µM) significantly increased the percentage of annexin-V-binding cells, and significantly decreased the forward scatter. The effect of Triparanol on annexin-V-binding was significantly blunted, but not abolished by removal of extracellular Ca2+. In conclusion, Triparanol leads to eryptosis, the suicidal erythrocyte death characterized by cell shrinkage and phospholipid scrambling of the erythrocyte cell membrane. Triparanol is at least in part effective by stimulating ROS formation and Ca2+ entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arbace Officioso
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, School of Medicine and Surgery, Second University of Naples, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Caterina Manna
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, School of Medicine and Surgery, Second University of Naples, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Kousi Alzoubi
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
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Abstract
The natural phosphoprotein phosphatase inhibitor cantharidin, primarily used for topical treatment of warts, has later been shown to trigger tumor cell apoptosis and is thus considered for the treatment of malignancy. Similar to apoptosis of tumor cells, erythrocytes may undergo eryptosis, a suicidal cell death characterized by cell shrinkage and translocation of cell membrane phosphatidylserine to the erythrocyte surface. Signaling of eryptosis includes increase of cytosolic Ca2+-activity ([Ca2+]i), ceramide, oxidative stress and dysregulation of several kinases. Phosphatidylserine abundance at the erythrocyte surface was quantified utilizing annexin-V-binding, cell volume from forward scatter, [Ca2+]i from Fluo3-fluorescence, ceramide from antibody binding, and reactive oxidant species (ROS) from 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) fluorescence. A 48 h treatment of human erythrocytes with cantharidin significantly increased the percentage of annexin-V-binding cells (≥10 μg/mL), significantly decreased forward scatter (≥25 μg/mL), significantly increased [Ca2+]i (≥25 μg/mL), but did not significantly modify ceramide abundance or ROS. The up-regulation of annexin-V-binding following cantharidin treatment was not significantly blunted by removal of extracellular Ca2+ but was abolished by kinase inhibitor staurosporine (1 μM) and slightly decreased by p38 inhibitor skepinone (2 μM). Exposure of erythrocytes to cantharidin triggers suicidal erythrocyte death with erythrocyte shrinkage and erythrocyte membrane scrambling, an effect sensitive to kinase inhibitors staurosporine and skepinone.
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22
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Aljanadi O, Alzoubi K, Bissinger R, Lang F. Stimulation of Suicidal Erythrocyte Death by Naphthazarin. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2015; 117:369-74. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Aljanadi
- Department of Physiology; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
| | - Kousi Alzoubi
- Department of Physiology; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
| | - Rosi Bissinger
- Department of Physiology; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
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23
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Induction of suicidal erythrocyte death by nelfinavir. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7:1616-28. [PMID: 26008229 PMCID: PMC4448164 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7051616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The HIV protease inhibitor, nelfinavir, primarily used for the treatment of HIV infections, has later been shown to be effective in various infectious diseases including malaria. Nelfinavir may trigger mitochondria-independent cell death. Erythrocytes may undergo eryptosis, a mitochondria-independent suicidal cell death characterized by cell shrinkage and phosphatidylserine translocation to the erythrocyte surface. Triggers of eryptosis include oxidative stress and increase of cytosolic Ca2+-activity ([Ca2+]i). During malaria, accelerated death of infected erythrocytes may decrease parasitemia and thus favorably influence the clinical course of the disease. In the present study, phosphatidylserine abundance at the cell surface was estimated from annexin V binding, cell volume from forward scatter, reactive oxidant species (ROS) from 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) fluorescence, and [Ca2+]i from Fluo3-fluorescence. A 48 h treatment of human erythrocytes with nelfinavir significantly increased the percentage of annexin-V-binding cells (≥5µg/mL), significantly decreased forward scatter (≥2.5µg/mL), significantly increased ROS abundance (10 µg/mL), and significantly increased [Ca2+]i (≥5 µg/mL). The up-regulation of annexin-V-binding following nelfinavir treatment was significantly blunted, but not abolished by either addition of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (1 mM) or removal of extracellular Ca2+. In conclusion, exposure of erythrocytes to nelfinavir induces oxidative stress and Ca2+ entry, thus leading to suicidal erythrocyte death characterized by erythrocyte shrinkage and erythrocyte membrane scrambling.
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24
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Enhanced eryptosis following gramicidin exposure. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7:1396-410. [PMID: 25915718 PMCID: PMC4448154 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7051396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The peptide antibiotic and ionophore gramicidin has previously been shown to trigger apoptosis of nucleated cells. In analogy to apoptosis, the suicidal death of erythrocytes or eryptosis involves cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling with phosphatidylserine translocation to the erythrocyte surface. Triggers of eryptosis include oxidative stress, increase of cytosolic Ca2+ activity ([Ca2+]i), and ceramide. The present study explored, whether gramicidin triggers eryptosis. To this end phosphatidylserine exposure at the cell surface was estimated from annexin V binding, cell volume from forward scatter, red blood cell distribution width (RDW) from electronic particle counting, reactive oxidant species (ROS) from 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) fluorescence, [Ca2+]i from Fluo3- and Fluo4 fluorescence, and ceramide abundance from binding of specific antibodies. As a result, a 24 h exposure of human erythrocytes to gramicidin significantly increased the percentage of annexin-V-binding cells (≥1 µg/mL), forward scatter (≥0.5 µg/mL) and hemolysis. Gramicidin enhanced ROS activity, [Ca2+]i and ceramide abundance at the erythrocyte surface. The stimulation of annexin-V-binding by gramicidin was significantly blunted but not abolished by removal of extracellular Ca2+. In conclusion, gramicidin stimulates phospholipid scrambling of the erythrocyte cell membrane, an effect at least partially due to induction of oxidative stress, increase of [Ca2+]i and up-regulation of ceramide abundance. Despite increase of [Ca2+]i, gramicidin increases cell volume and slightly reduces RWD.
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25
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Cooley-Andrade O, Connor DE, Ma DDF, Weisel JW, Parsi K. Morphological changes in vascular and circulating blood cells following exposure to detergent sclerosants. Phlebology 2015; 31:177-91. [DOI: 10.1177/0268355515573686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To investigate morphological changes in vascular and circulating blood cells following exposure to detergent sclerosants sodium tetradecyl sulfate and polidocanol. Methods Samples of whole blood, isolated leukocytes, platelets, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts were incubated with varying concentrations of sclerosants. Whole blood smears were stained with Giemsa and examined by light and bright field microscopy. Phalloidin and Hoechst stains were used to analyze cytoplasmic and nuclear morphology by fluorescence microscopy. Endothelial cell and fibroblasts were analyzed by live cell imaging. Results Higher concentrations of sclerosants induced cell lysis. Morphological changes in intact cells were observed at sublytic concentrations of detergents. Low concentration sodium tetradecyl sulfate induced erythrocyte acanthocytosis and macrocytosis, while polidocanol induced Rouleaux formation and increased the population of target cells and stomatocytes. Leukocytes showed swelling, blebbing, vacuolation, and nuclear degradation following exposure to sodium tetradecyl sulfate, while polidocanol induced pseudopodia formation, chromatin condensation, and fragmentation. Platelets exhibited pseudopodia with sodium tetradecyl sulfate and a “fried egg” appearance with polidocanol. Exposure to sodium tetradecyl sulfate resulted in size shrinkage in both endothelial cell and fibroblasts, while endothelial cell developed distinct spindle morphology. Polidocanol induced cytoplasmic microfilament bundles in both endothelial cell and fibroblasts. Patchy chromatin condensation was observed following exposure of fibroblasts to either agent. Conclusion Detergent sclerosants are biologically active at sublytic concentrations. The observed morphological changes are consistent with cell activation, apoptosis, and oncosis. The cellular response is concentration dependent, cell-specific, and sclerosant specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Cooley-Andrade
- Dermatology, Phlebology and Fluid Mechanics Research Laboratory, St Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research (AMR), St. Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - DE Connor
- Dermatology, Phlebology and Fluid Mechanics Research Laboratory, St Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research (AMR), St. Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - DDF Ma
- Haematology Research Laboratory, St Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research (AMR), St. Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - JW Weisel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - K Parsi
- Dermatology, Phlebology and Fluid Mechanics Research Laboratory, St Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research (AMR), St. Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Alzoubi K, Calabrò S, Egler J, Faggio C, Lang F. Triggering of programmed erythrocyte death by alantolactone. Toxins (Basel) 2014; 6:3596-612. [PMID: 25533522 PMCID: PMC4280550 DOI: 10.3390/toxins6123596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The sesquiterpene alantolactone counteracts malignancy, an effect at least in part due to stimulation of suicidal death or apoptosis of tumor cells. Signaling of alantolactone induced apoptosis involves altered gene expression and mitochondrial depolarization. Erythrocytes lack mitochondria and nuclei but may enter suicidal death or eryptosis, which is characterized by cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling with phosphatidylserine exposure at the erythrocyte surface. Cellular mechanisms involved in triggering of eryptosis include increase of cytosolic Ca2+-activity ([Ca2+]i) and oxidative stress. The present study explored, whether alantolactone stimulates eryptosis. To this end, erythrocyte volume was estimated from forward scatter, phosphatidylserine-exposure at the erythrocyte surface from FITC-annexin-V-binding, [Ca2+]i from Fluo3-fluorescence, ceramide abundance from binding of fluorescent antibodies, and oxidative stress from 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein-diacetate (DCFDA) fluorescence. As a result, a 48 h exposure of human erythrocytes to alantolactone (≥20 μM) significantly decreased erythrocyte forward scatter and increased the percentage of annexin-V-binding cells. Alantolactone significantly increased Fluo3 fluorescence (60 μM), ceramide abundance (60 μM) and DCFDA fluorescence (≥40 μM). The effect of alantolactone (60 μM) on annexin-V-binding was not significantly modified by removal of extracellular Ca2+. In conclusion, alantolactone stimulates suicidal erythrocyte death or eryptosis, an effect paralleled by increase of [Ca2+]i, ceramide abundance and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kousi Alzoubi
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Salvatrice Calabrò
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Jasmin Egler
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 S. Agata-Messina, Italy.
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
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Calabrò S, Alzoubi K, Bissinger R, Faggio C, Lang F. Stimulation of Suicidal Erythrocyte Death by Ellipticine. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2014; 116:485-92. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Salvatrice Calabrò
- Department of Physiology; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences; University of Messina; S. Agata-Messina Italy
| | - Kousi Alzoubi
- Department of Physiology; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
| | - Rosi Bissinger
- Department of Physiology; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences; University of Messina; S. Agata-Messina Italy
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
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Calabrò S, Alzoubi K, Bissinger R, Jilani K, Faggio C, Lang F. Enhanced eryptosis following juglone exposure. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2014; 116:460-7. [PMID: 25348830 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Juglone, a quinone isolated from Juglans mandshurica Maxim, has previously been shown to be effective against malignancy. The effect is at least partially due to stimulation of suicidal death or apoptosis of tumour cells. On the other hand, juglone has been shown to counteract apoptosis, for example, of neurons. In analogy to apoptosis of nucleated cells, erythrocytes may enter eryptosis, a suicidal death characterized by cell shrinkage and breakdown of phosphatidylserine asymmetry of the cell membrane with phosphatidylserine exposure at the erythrocyte surface. Stimulators of eryptosis include increase in cytosolic Ca(2+) activity [(Ca(2+) )i]. This study explored whether juglone stimulates eryptosis. To this end, erythrocyte volume was estimated from forward scatter, phosphatidylserine exposure at the erythrocyte surface from FITC annexin V binding, ceramide abundance from binding of fluorescent antibodies in flow cytometry and cytosolic ATP with a luciferin-luciferase-based assay. As a result, a 24-hr exposure of human erythrocytes to juglone (5 μM) significantly decreased erythrocyte forward scatter. Juglone (1-5 μM) significantly increased the percentage of annexin V binding cells. Juglone (5 μM) significantly increased ceramide abundance at the erythrocyte surface and decreased erythrocyte ATP concentration. The effect of juglone (10 μM) on annexin V binding was slightly but significantly blunted by removal of extracellular Ca(2+) and by addition of protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor staurosporine (1 μM). In conclusion, juglone stimulates suicidal erythrocyte death or eryptosis at least in part by upregulation of ceramide abundance, energy depletion and activation of PKC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatrice Calabrò
- Department of Physiology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, S. Agata-Messina, Italy
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Malik A, Bissinger R, Calabrò S, Faggio C, Jilani K, Lang F. Aristolochic acid induced suicidal erythrocyte death. Kidney Blood Press Res 2014; 39:408-19. [PMID: 25412628 DOI: 10.1159/000368454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Aristolochic Acid, a component of Aristolochia plants, has been shown to cause acute kidney injury, renal aristolochic acid nephropathy, Balkan endemic nephropathy, and urothelial carcinoma. Aristolochic acid nephropathy may be associated with severe anemia. The anemia could theoretically be due to stimulation of eryptosis, the suicidal death of erythrocytes characterized by cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling with translocation of phosphatidylserine to the erythrocyte cell membrane surface. Signalling involved in the stimulation of eryptosis include increase of cytosolic Ca(2+)-activity ([Ca(2+)]i) and formation of ceramide. METHODS Cell volume was estimated from forward scatter, phosphatidylserine-exposure from annexin V binding, [Ca(2+)]i from Fluo3 fluorescence, and ceramide abundance from binding of fluorescent antibodies in flow cytometry. RESULTS A 48 hours exposure to Aristolochic Acid (≥ 75 µg/ml) was followed by a significant decrease of forward scatter and increase of annexin-V-binding. The effects were paralleled by a significant increase of [Ca(2+)]i and significantly blunted, but not abrogated by removal of extracellular Ca(2+). Aristolochic Acid further significantly increased ceramide abundance. CONCLUSIONS Aristolochic Acid triggers eryptosis, an effect at least in part due to entry of extracellular Ca(2+) and ceramide formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abaid Malik
- Department of Physiology, University of Tuebingen, Germany
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Bissinger R, Malik A, Warsi J, Jilani K, Lang F. Piperlongumine-induced phosphatidylserine translocation in the erythrocyte membrane. Toxins (Basel) 2014; 6:2975-88. [PMID: 25317837 PMCID: PMC4210880 DOI: 10.3390/toxins6102975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Piperlongumine, a component of Piper longum fruit, is considered as a treatment for malignancy. It is effective by inducing apoptosis. Mechanisms involved in the apoptotic action of piperlongumine include oxidative stress and activation of p38 kinase. In analogy to apoptosis of nucleated cells, erythrocytes may undergo eryptosis, the suicidal death of erythrocytes characterized by cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling with phosphatidylserine-exposure at the erythrocyte surface. Signaling involved in eryptosis include increase of cytosolic Ca²⁺-activity ([Ca²⁺]i), formation of ceramide, oxidative stress and activation of p38 kinase. METHODS Cell volume was estimated from forward scatter, phosphatidylserine-exposure from annexin V binding, [Ca²⁺]i from Fluo3 fluorescence, reactive oxygen species from 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein-diacetate fluorescence, and ceramide abundance from binding of fluorescent antibodies in flow cytometry. RESULTS A 48 h exposure to piperlongumine (30 µM) was followed by significant decrease of forward scatter and increase of annexin-V-binding. Piperlongumine did not significantly modify [Ca²⁺]i and the effect was not dependent on presence of extracellular Ca²⁺. Piperlongumine significantly increased ROS formation and ceramide abundance. CONCLUSIONS Piperlongumine triggers cell membrane scrambling, an effect independent from entry of extracellular Ca²⁺ but at least partially due to ROS and ceramide formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosi Bissinger
- Department of Physiology, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tuebingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Abaid Malik
- Department of Physiology, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tuebingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Jamshed Warsi
- Department of Physiology, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tuebingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Kashif Jilani
- Department of Physiology, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tuebingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tuebingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
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Alzoubi K, Calabrò S, Faggio C, Lang F. Stimulation of Suicidal Erythrocyte Death by Sulforaphane. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2014; 116:229-35. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kousi Alzoubi
- Department of Physiology; University of Tübingen; Tuebingen Germany
| | - Salvatrice Calabrò
- Department of Physiology; University of Tübingen; Tuebingen Germany
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences; University of Messina; S.Agata-Messina Italy
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences; University of Messina; S.Agata-Messina Italy
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology; University of Tübingen; Tuebingen Germany
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Bissinger R, Malik A, Honisch S, Warsi J, Jilani K, Lang F. In vitro sensitization of erythrocytes to programmed cell death following baicalein treatment. Toxins (Basel) 2014; 6:2771-86. [PMID: 25238045 PMCID: PMC4179159 DOI: 10.3390/toxins6092771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The polyphenolic flavonoid Baicalein has been shown to trigger suicidal death or apoptosis of tumor cells and is thus considered for the prevention and treatment of malignancy. Similar to apoptosis of nucleated cells, erythrocytes may enter eryptosis, the suicidal erythrocyte death characterized by cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling with phosphatidylserine translocation to the erythrocyte surface. Stimulators of eryptosis include increase of cytosolic Ca2+-activity ([Ca2+]i) and ceramide. The present study explored whether Baicalein stimulates eryptosis. To this end, forward scatter was taken for measurement of cell volume, annexin-V-binding for phosphatidylserine-exposure, Fluo3 fluorescence for [Ca2+]i and fluorescent antibodies for ceramide abundance. As a result, a 48 h exposure of human erythrocytes to Baicalein was followed by significant decrease of forward scatter (≥10 µM), significant increase of the percentage of annexin-V-binding cells (≥25 µM), significant increase of [Ca2+]i (50 µM) and significant increase of ceramide abundance (50 µM). The effect of Baicalein (50 µM) on annexin-V-binding was significantly blunted but not abrogated by removal of extracellular Ca2+. In conclusion, at the concentrations employed, Baicalein stimulates suicidal erythrocyte death or eryptosis, an effect at least in part due to the combined effects of Ca2+ entry and ceramide formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosi Bissinger
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Abaid Malik
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Sabina Honisch
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Jamshed Warsi
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Kashif Jilani
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, 38040 Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
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Malik A, Bissinger R, Jilani K, Lang F. Stimulation of erythrocyte cell membrane scrambling by nystatin. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2014; 116:47-52. [PMID: 24894380 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The antifungal ionophore nystatin dissipates the Na(+) and K(+) gradients across the cell membrane, leading to cellular gain of Na(+) and cellular loss of K(+) . The increase of cellular Na(+) concentration may result in Ca(2+) accumulation in exchange for Na(+) . Increase of cytosolic Ca(2+) activity ([Ca(2+) ]i ) and loss of cellular K(+) foster apoptosis-like suicidal erythrocyte death or eryptosis, which is characterised by cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling leading to phosphatidylserine exposure at the erythrocyte surface. The present study explored whether nystatin stimulates eryptosis. Cell volume was estimated from forward scatter (FSC), phosphatidylserine exposure from annexin V binding and [Ca(2+) ]i from Fluo3-fluorescence in flow cytometry. A 48-hr exposure to nystatin (15 μg/ml) was followed by a significant increase of [Ca(2+) ]i , a significant increase of annexin V binding and a significant decrease of FSC. The annexin V binding after nystatin treatment was significantly blunted in the nominal absence of extracellular Ca(2+) . Partial replacement of extracellular Na(+) with extracellular K(+) blunted the nystatin-induced erythrocyte shrinkage but increased [Ca(2+) ]i and annexin V binding. Nystatin triggers cell membrane scrambling, an effect at least partially due to entry of extracellular Ca(2+) .
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Affiliation(s)
- Abaid Malik
- Department of Physiology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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Bissinger R, Modicano P, Alzoubi K, Honisch S, Faggio C, Abed M, Lang F. Effect of saponin on erythrocytes. Int J Hematol 2014; 100:51-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12185-014-1605-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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In vitro induction of erythrocyte phosphatidylserine translocation by the natural naphthoquinone shikonin. Toxins (Basel) 2014; 6:1559-74. [PMID: 24828755 PMCID: PMC4052252 DOI: 10.3390/toxins6051559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Shikonin, the most important component of Lithospermum erythrorhizon, has previously been shown to exert antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, antiviral, antimicrobial and anticancer effects. The anticancer effect has been attributed to the stimulation of suicidal cell death or apoptosis. Similar to the apoptosis of nucleated cells, erythrocytes may experience eryptosis, the suicidal erythrocyte death characterized by cell shrinkage and by phosphatidylserine translocation to the erythrocyte surface. Triggers of eryptosis include the increase of cytosolic Ca2+-activity ([Ca2+]i) and ceramide formation. The present study explored whether Shikonin stimulates eryptosis. To this end, Fluo 3 fluorescence was measured to quantify [Ca2+]i, forward scatter to estimate cell volume, annexin V binding to identify phosphatidylserine-exposing erythrocytes, hemoglobin release to determine hemolysis and antibodies to quantify ceramide abundance. As a result, a 48 h exposure of human erythrocytes to Shikonin (1 µM) significantly increased [Ca2+]i, increased ceramide abundance, decreased forward scatter and increased annexin V binding. The effect of Shikonin (1 µM) on annexin V binding was significantly blunted, but not abolished by the removal of extracellular Ca2+. In conclusion, Shikonin stimulates suicidal erythrocyte death or eryptosis, an effect at least partially due to the stimulation of Ca2+ entry and ceramide formation.
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Bissinger R, Malik A, Jilani K, Lang F. Triggering of erythrocyte cell membrane scrambling by salinomycin. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2014; 115:396-402. [PMID: 24717091 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Salinomycin, a polyether ionophore antibiotic effective against a variety of pathogens, has been shown to trigger apoptosis of cancer cells and cancer stem cells. The substance is thus considered for the treatment of malignancy. Salinomycin compromises tumour cell survival at least in part by interference with mitochondrial function. Erythrocytes lack mitochondria but may undergo apoptosis-like suicidal cell death or eryptosis, which is characterized by scrambling of the cell membrane with phosphatidylserine exposure at the erythrocyte surface. Signalling involved in the triggering of eryptosis includes activation of oxidant-sensitive Ca(2+) permeable cation channels with subsequent increase in cytosolic Ca(2+) activity ([Ca(2+)]i). This study explored whether salinomycin stimulates eryptosis. Phosphatidylserine-exposing erythrocytes were identified by measurement of annexin-V binding, cell volume was estimated from forward scatter, haemolysis determined from haemoglobin release, [Ca(2+)]i quantified utilizing Fluo3-fluorescence and oxidative stress from 2',7' dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) fluorescence in flow cytometry. A 48-hr exposure to salinomycin (5-100 nM) was followed by a significant increase in Fluo3-fluorescence, DCFDA fluorescence and annexin-V binding, as well as a significant decrease in forward scatter (at 5-10 nM, but not at 50 and 100 nM). The annexin-V binding after salinomycin treatment was significantly blunted but not abrogated in the nominal absence of extracellular Ca(2+) or in the presence of antioxidant n-acetyl cysteine (1 mM). Salinomycin triggers cell membrane scrambling, an effect at least partially due to oxidative stress and entry of extracellular Ca(2+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosi Bissinger
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Stimulation of erythrocyte cell membrane scrambling by mushroom tyrosinase. Toxins (Basel) 2014; 6:1096-108. [PMID: 24647148 PMCID: PMC3968379 DOI: 10.3390/toxins6031096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Mushroom tyrosinase, a copper containing enzyme, modifies growth and survival of tumor cells. Mushroom tyrosinase may foster apoptosis, an effect in part due to interference with mitochondrial function. Erythrocytes lack mitochondria but are able to undergo apoptosis-like suicidal cell death or eryptosis, which is characterized by cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling leading to phosphatidylserine-exposure at the erythrocyte surface. Signaling involved in the triggering of eryptosis include increase of cytosolic Ca2+-activity ([Ca2+]i) and activation of sphingomyelinase with subsequent formation of ceramide. The present study explored, whether tyrosinase stimulates eryptosis. Methods: Cell volume has been estimated from forward scatter, phosphatidylserine-exposure from annexin V binding, [Ca2+]i from Fluo3-fluorescence, and ceramide abundance from binding of fluorescent antibodies in flow cytometry. Results: A 24 h exposure to mushroom tyrosinase (7 U/mL) was followed by a significant increase of [Ca2+]i, a significant increase of ceramide abundance, and a significant increase of annexin-V-binding. The annexin-V-binding following tyrosinase treatment was significantly blunted but not abrogated in the nominal absence of extracellular Ca2+. Tyrosinase did not significantly modify forward scatter. Conclusions: Tyrosinase triggers cell membrane scrambling, an effect, at least partially, due to entry of extracellular Ca2+ and ceramide formation.
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Alzoubi K, Alktifan B, Oswald G, Fezai M, Abed M, Lang F. Breakdown of phosphatidylserine asymmetry following treatment of erythrocytes with lumefantrine. Toxins (Basel) 2014; 6:650-64. [PMID: 24561477 PMCID: PMC3942757 DOI: 10.3390/toxins6020650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Lumefantrine, a commonly used antimalarial drug, inhibits hemozoin formation in parasites. Several other antimalarial substances counteract parasitemia by triggering suicidal death or eryptosis of infected erythrocytes. Eryptosis is characterized by cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling leading to phosphatidylserine-exposure at the erythrocyte surface. Signaling involved in eryptosis include increase of cytosolic Ca2+-activity ([Ca2+]i), formation of ceramide, oxidative stress and/or activation of p38 kinase, protein kinase C (PKC), or caspases. The present study explored, whether lumefantrine stimulates eryptosis. Methods: Cell volume has been estimated from forward scatter, phosphatidylserine-exposure from annexin V binding, [Ca2+]i from Fluo3-fluorescence, reactive oxygen species from 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein-diacetate fluorescence, content of reduced glutathione (GSH) from mercury orange fluorescence, and ceramide abundance from binding of fluorescent antibodies in flow cytometry. Results: A 48 h exposure to lumefantrine (3 µg/mL) was followed by a significant increase of annexin-V-binding without significantly altering forward scatter, [Ca2+]i, ROS formation, reduced GSH, or ceramide abundance. The annexin-V-binding following lumefantrine treatment was not significantly modified by p38 kinase inhibitors SB203580 (2 μM) and p38 Inh III (1 μM), PKC inhibitor staurosporine (1 µM) or pancaspase inhibitor zVAD (1 or 10 µM). Conclusions: Lumefantrine triggers cell membrane scrambling, an effect independent from entry of extracellular Ca2+, ceramide formation, ROS formation, glutathione content, p38 kinase, PKC or caspases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kousi Alzoubi
- Department of Physiology, University of Tuebingen, Gmelinstr. 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Bassel Alktifan
- Department of Physiology, University of Tuebingen, Gmelinstr. 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Gergely Oswald
- Department of Physiology, University of Tuebingen, Gmelinstr. 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Myriam Fezai
- Department of Physiology, University of Tuebingen, Gmelinstr. 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Majed Abed
- Department of Physiology, University of Tuebingen, Gmelinstr. 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology, University of Tuebingen, Gmelinstr. 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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Alzoubi K, Honisch S, Abed M, Lang F. Triggering of suicidal erythrocyte death by penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose. Toxins (Basel) 2013; 6:54-65. [PMID: 24368324 PMCID: PMC3920249 DOI: 10.3390/toxins6010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The polyphenolic 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-beta-d-glucose from several medicinal herbs triggers apoptosis and has, thus, been proposed for treatment of malignancy. The substance is at least partially effective through caspase activation. In analogy to apoptosis of nucleated cells, erythrocytes may enter suicidal death or eryptosis, which is characterized by cell shrinkage and by phosphatidylserine translocation to the erythrocyte surface. Eryptosis is triggered by increase of cytosolic Ca2+-activity ([Ca2+]i). The sensitivity to [Ca2+]i is enhanced by ceramide. The present study explored whether penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose stimulates eryptosis. Cell volume was estimated from forward scatter, phosphatidylserine exposure from annexin V binding, hemolysis from hemoglobin-release, [Ca2+]i from Fluo3-fluorescence and ceramide abundance from fluorescent antibodies. A 48-h exposure of human erythrocytes to penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose significantly decreased forward scatter (50 µM) and significantly increased annexin V binding (10 µM). Up to 50 µM penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose did not significantly modify [Ca2+]i. However, the effect of penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose (25 µM) induced annexin V binding was slightly, but significantly, blunted by removal of extracellular Ca2+, pointing to sensitization of erythrocytes to the scrambling effect of Ca2+. Penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose (25 µM) further increased ceramide formation. In conclusion, penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose stimulates suicidal erythrocyte death or eryptosis, an effect partially due to stimulation of ceramide formation with subsequent sensitization of erythrocytes to Ca2+.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology, University of Tuebingen, Gmelinstraße 5, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
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Alaarg A, Schiffelers RM, van Solinge WW, van Wijk R. Red blood cell vesiculation in hereditary hemolytic anemia. Front Physiol 2013; 4:365. [PMID: 24379786 PMCID: PMC3862113 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary hemolytic anemia encompasses a heterogeneous group of anemias characterized by decreased red blood cell survival because of inherited membrane, enzyme, or hemoglobin disorders. Affected red blood cells are more fragile, less deformable, and more susceptible to shear stress and oxidative damage, and show increased vesiculation. Red blood cells, as essentially all cells, constitutively release phospholipid extracellular vesicles in vivo and in vitro in a process known as vesiculation. These extracellular vesicles comprise a heterogeneous group of vesicles of different sizes and intracellular origins. They are described in literature as exosomes if they originate from multi-vesicular bodies, or as microvesicles when formed by a one-step budding process directly from the plasma membrane. Extracellular vesicles contain a multitude of bioactive molecules that are implicated in intercellular communication and in different biological and pathophysiological processes. Mature red blood cells release in principle only microvesicles. In hereditary hemolytic anemias, the underlying molecular defect affects and determines red blood cell vesiculation, resulting in shedding microvesicles of different compositions and concentrations. Despite extensive research into red blood cell biochemistry and physiology, little is known about red cell deformability and vesiculation in hereditary hemolytic anemias, and the associated pathophysiological role is incompletely assessed. In this review, we discuss recent progress in understanding extracellular vesicles biology, with focus on red blood cell vesiculation. Also, we review recent scientific findings on the molecular defects of hereditary hemolytic anemias, and their correlation with red blood cell deformability and vesiculation. Integrating bio-analytical findings on abnormalities of red blood cells and their microvesicles will be critical for a better understanding of the pathophysiology of hereditary hemolytic anemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Alaarg
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht, Netherlands ; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Raymond M Schiffelers
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht, Netherlands ; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Wouter W van Solinge
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Richard van Wijk
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht, Netherlands
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Arnold M, Lang E, Modicano P, Bissinger R, Faggio C, Abed M, Lang F. Effect of nitazoxanide on erythrocytes. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2013; 114:421-6. [PMID: 24215285 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nitazoxanide, a drug effective against a variety of pathogens, triggers apoptosis and is thus considered to be employed against malignancy. Similar to nucleated cells, erythrocytes may undergo an apoptosis-like suicidal cell death or eryptosis. Hallmarks of eryptosis include cell shrinkage and phospholipid scrambling of the cell membrane with translocation of phosphatidylserine to the erythrocyte surface. Stimulators of eryptosis include increase in cytosolic Ca(2+) -activity ([Ca(2+) ]i ). The Ca(2+) -sensitivity of eryptosis is increased by ceramide. This study explored whether nitazoxanide triggers eryptosis. [Ca(2+) ]i was estimated from Fluo3-fluorescence, cell volume from forward scatter, phosphatidylserine exposure from annexin-V-binding, ceramide abundance utilizing fluorescent antibodies and haemolysis from haemoglobin release. A 48-hr exposure to nitazoxanide (1-50 μg/ml) did not significantly modify [Ca(2+) ]i but significantly increased ceramide formation, decreased forward scatter (≥10 μg/ml), increased the percentage of annexin-V-binding erythrocytes (≥10 μg/ml) and, at higher concentrations (≥20 μg/ml), stimulated haemolysis. The stimulation of annexin-V-binding was significantly blunted in the absence of calcium. Nitazoxanide thus stimulates eryptosis, an effect in part due to ceramide formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Arnold
- Department of Physiology, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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42
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Abed M, Feger M, Alzoubi K, Pakladok T, Frauenfeld L, Geiger C, Towhid ST, Lang F. Sensitization of erythrocytes to suicidal erythrocyte death following water deprivation. Kidney Blood Press Res 2013; 37:567-78. [PMID: 24335488 DOI: 10.1159/000355737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Klotho deficiency results in excessive formation of 1,25(OH)2D3, accelerated ageing and early death. Moreover, klotho deficiency enhances eryptosis, the suicidal erythrocyte death characterized by phosphatidylserine exposure at the erythrocyte surface. Triggers of eryptosis include increase of cytosolic Ca(2+)-activity ([Ca(2+)]i), glucose depletion, hyperosmotic shock and oxidative stress. Klotho expression is decreased and 1,25(OH)2D3-formation enhanced by dehydration. The present study thus explored whether dehydration influences eryptosis. METHODS Blood was drawn from hydrated or 36h dehydrated mice. Plasma osmolarity was determined by vapour pressure method, plasma 1,25(OH)2D3 and aldosterone concentrations using ELISA, and plasma Ca(2+)-concentration utilizing photometry. Erythrocytes were exposed to Ca(2+)-ionophore ionomycin (1 µM, 30 min), energy depletion (12 h glucose removal), hyperosmotic shock (500 mM sucrose added, 2 h) and oxidative stress (100 µM tert-butyl-hydroperoxide, 30 min) and phosphatidylserine exposure at the erythrocyte surface estimated from annexin V binding. RESULTS Dehydration increased plasma osmolarity and plasma 1,25(OH)2D3 and aldosterone concentrations. Dehydration did not significantly modify phosphatidylserine-exposure of freshly drawn erythrocytes but significantly enhanced the increase of phosphatidylserine-exposure under control conditions and following treatment with ionomycin, glucose-deprivation, hyperosmolarity or tert-butyl-hydroperoxide. CONCLUSIONS Dehydration sensitizes the erythrocytes to spontaneous eryptosis and to the triggering of eryptosis by excessive Ca(2+)-entry, energy depletion, hyperosmotic shock and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed Abed
- Department of Physiology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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Oswald G, Alzoubi K, Abed M, Lang F. Stimulation of suicidal erythrocyte death by ribavirin. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2013; 114:311-7. [PMID: 24164926 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ribavirin is widely used in the treatment for viral disease such as chronic viral hepatitis. Side effects limiting the use of the drug include haemolytic anaemia. If challenged by stimulators of haemolysis, erythrocytes may enter suicidal death or eryptosis, thus preventing the release of haemoglobin into circulating blood. Eryptosis is characterized by cell shrinkage and by cell membrane scrambling with phosphatidylserine translocation to the erythrocyte surface. Eryptosis may be triggered by increase in cytosolic Ca2+ activity ([Ca2+]i). This study explored whether ribavirin modifies [Ca2+]i and elicits eryptosis. Cell volume has been estimated from forward scatter, phosphatidylserine abundance at the erythrocyte surface from annexin V binding, haemolysis from haemoglobin release and [Ca2+]i from Fluo-3 fluorescence. A 48-hr exposure to ribavirin (≥8 μg/ml) was followed by a significant increase in [Ca2+]i, a significant decrease in forward scatter and a significant increase in annexin V binding. The annexin V binding after ribavirin treatment was significantly blunted but not abolished in the nominal absence of extracellular Ca2+. In conclusion, ribaverin stimulates eryptosis, an effect at least in part due to entry of extracellular Ca2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Oswald
- Department of Physiology, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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Walker B, Towhid ST, Schmid E, Hoffmann SM, Abed M, Münzer P, Vogel S, Neis F, Brucker S, Gawaz M, Borst O, Lang F. Dynamic adhesion of eryptotic erythrocytes to immobilized platelets via platelet phosphatidylserine receptors. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2013; 306:C291-7. [PMID: 24284794 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00318.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glucose depletion of erythrocytes triggers suicidal erythrocyte death or eryptosis, which leads to cell membrane scrambling with phosphatidylserine exposure at the cell surface. Eryptotic erythrocytes adhere to endothelial cells by a mechanism involving phosphatidylserine at the erythrocyte surface and CXCL16 as well as CD36 at the endothelial cell membrane. Nothing has hitherto been known about an interaction between eryptotic erythrocytes and platelets, the decisive cells in primary hemostasis and major players in thrombotic vascular occlusion. The present study thus explored whether and how glucose-depleted erythrocytes adhere to platelets. To this end, adhesion of phosphatidylserine-exposing erythrocytes to platelets under flow conditions was examined in a flow chamber model at arterial shear rates. Platelets were immobilized on collagen and further stimulated with adenosine diphosphate (ADP, 10 μM) or thrombin (0.1 U/ml). As a result, a 48-h glucose depletion triggered phosphatidylserine translocation to the erythrocyte surface and augmented the adhesion of erythrocytes to immobilized platelets, an effect significantly increased upon platelet stimulation. Adherence of erythrocytes to platelets was blunted by coating of erythrocytic phosphatidylserine with annexin V or by neutralization of platelet phosphatidylserine receptors CXCL16 and CD36 with respective antibodies. In conclusion, glucose-depleted erythrocytes adhere to platelets. The adhesive properties of platelets are augmented by platelet activation. Erythrocyte adhesion to immobilized platelets requires phosphatidylserine at the erythrocyte surface and CXCL16 as well as CD36 expression on platelets. Thus platelet-mediated erythrocyte adhesion may foster thromboocclusive complications in diseases with stimulated phosphatidylserine exposure of erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Walker
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Effect of thioridazine on erythrocytes. Toxins (Basel) 2013; 5:1918-31. [PMID: 24152992 PMCID: PMC3813919 DOI: 10.3390/toxins5101918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thioridazine, a neuroleptic phenothiazine with antimicrobial efficacy is known to trigger anemia. At least in theory, the anemia could result from stimulation of suicidal erythrocyte death or eryptosis, which is characterized by cell shrinkage and by phospholipid scrambling of the cell membrane with phosphatidylserine exposure at the erythrocyte surface. Triggers of eryptosis include increase of cytosolic Ca²⁺-concentration ([Ca²⁺](i)) and activation of p38 kinase. The present study explored, whether thioridazine elicits eryptosis. METHODS [Ca²⁺](i) has been estimated from Fluo3-fluorescence, cell volume from forward scatter, phosphatidylserine exposure from annexin-V-binding, and hemolysis from hemoglobin release. RESULTS A 48 hours exposure to thioridazine was followed by a significant increase of [Ca²⁺](i) (30 µM), decrease of forward scatter (30 µM), and increase of annexin-V-binding (≥12 µM). Nominal absence of extracellular Ca²⁺ and p38 kinase inhibitor SB203580 (2 µM) significantly blunted but did not abolish annexin-V-binding following thioridazine exposure. CONCLUSIONS Thioridazine stimulates eryptosis, an effect in part due to entry of extracellular Ca²⁺ and activation of p38 kinase.
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Theurer M, Shaik N, Lang F. Stimulation of suicidal erythrocyte death by trans-cinnamaldehyde. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 20:1119-1123. [PMID: 23827666 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Trans-cinnamaldehyde, a component of leaves from Cinnamomum osmophloeum kaneh, has been shown to counteract tumor growth. The substance exerts its effect at least in part by triggering apoptosis. The propapoptotic signaling involves altered gene expression and mitochondrial depolarization. In analogy to apoptosis of nucleated cells, erythrocytes may enter eryptosis, the suicidal death characterized by cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling with phosphatidylserine-exposure at the cell surface. Triggers of eryptosis include increase of cytosolic Ca(2+)-activity ([Ca(2+)]i). The present study explored, whether trans-cinnamaldehyde triggers eryptosis. Cell volume has been estimated from forward scatter, phosphatidylserine-exposure from annexin-V-binding, hemolysis from hemoglobin release, and [Ca(2+)]i from Fluo3-fluorescence. A 48 h exposure to trans-cinnamaldehyde (30 μM) significantly decreased forward scatter and increased annexin-V-binding, effects paralleled by increase of [Ca(2+)]i. Trans-cinnamaldehyde exposure was followed by a slight but significant increase of hemolysis. Removal of extracellular Ca(2+) virtually abolished the effect of trans-cinnamaldehyde (30 μM) on annexin-V-binding. The present observations show that trans-cinnamaldehyde triggers suicidal death of erythrocytes, i.e. cells devoid of mitochondria and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Theurer
- Department of Physiology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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Lupescu A, Bissinger R, Jilani K, Lang F. Triggering of suicidal erythrocyte death by celecoxib. Toxins (Basel) 2013; 5:1543-54. [PMID: 24025609 PMCID: PMC3798872 DOI: 10.3390/toxins5091543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor celecoxib triggers apoptosis of tumor cells and is thus effective against malignancy. The substance is at least partially effective through mitochondrial depolarization. Even though lacking mitochondria, erythrocytes may enter apoptosis-like suicidal death or eryptosis, which is characterized by cell shrinkage and by phosphatidylserine translocation to the erythrocyte surface. Eryptosis may be triggered by increase of cytosolic Ca2+-activity ([Ca2+]i). The present study explored whether celecoxib stimulates eryptosis. Forward scatter was determined to estimate cell volume, annexin V binding to identify phosphatidylserine-exposing erythrocytes, hemoglobin release to depict hemolysis, and Fluo3-fluorescence to quantify [Ca2+]i. A 48 h exposure of human erythrocytes to celecoxib was followed by significant increase of [Ca2+]i (15 µM), significant decrease of forward scatter (15 µM) and significant increase of annexin-V-binding (10 µM). Celecoxib (15 µM) induced annexin-V-binding was blunted but not abrogated by removal of extracellular Ca2+. In conclusion, celecoxib stimulates suicidal erythrocyte death or eryptosis, an effect partially due to stimulation of Ca2+ entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Lupescu
- Department of Physiology, University of Tuebingen, Gmelinstraße 5, Tuebingen 72076, Germany.
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Abstract
Probucol, an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent counteracting atherosclerosis and restenosis, is partially effective by influencing suicidal cell death or apoptosis. In analogy to apoptosis of nucleated cells, suicidal death of erythrocytes or eryptosis is characterized by cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling with phosphatidylserine exposure at the erythrocyte surface. Eryptosis is stimulated by increase in cytosolic Ca(2+) activity, for example, after energy depletion or oxidative stress. The present study explored whether probucol influences eryptosis. Phosphatidylserine exposure was estimated from annexin-V-binding, cell volume from forward scatter (FSC), and cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration from fluo-3 fluorescence in flow cytometry. As a result, energy depletion (48-hour glucose removal) increased annexin-V-binding, decreased FSC, and increased fluo-3 fluorescence. Probucol (≤30 μM) did not significantly modify annexin-V-binding, FSC, or fluo-3 fluorescence in the presence of glucose but (at ≥5 μM) blunted the effect of glucose depletion on annexin-V-binding. Probucol (≥20 μM) only slightly blunted the effects of glucose depletion on FSC and fluo-3 fluorescence. Ca(2+) ionophore ionomycin (1 μM) and oxidative stress (30-minute exposure to 0.3 mM of tert-butylhydroperoxide) increased annexin-V-binding, effects again blunted by 30 μM of probucol. In conclusion, probucol blunts cell membrane scrambling after energy depletion and oxidative stress, effects primarily because of interference with the scrambling effects of increased cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration.
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Fluoxetine induced suicidal erythrocyte death. Toxins (Basel) 2013; 5:1230-43. [PMID: 23860350 PMCID: PMC3737494 DOI: 10.3390/toxins5071230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The antidepressant fluoxetine inhibits ceramide producing acid sphingomyelinase. Ceramide is in turn known to trigger eryptosis the suicidal death of erythrocytes characterized by cell shrinkage and exposure of phosphatidylserine at the erythrocyte surface. Ceramide is effective through sensitizing the erythrocytes to the pro-eryptotic effect of increased cytosolic Ca2+ activity ([Ca2+]i). In nucleated cells, fluoxetine could either inhibit or stimulate suicidal death or apoptosis. The present study tested whether fluoxetine influences eryptosis. To this end cell volume was estimated from forward scatter, phosphatidylserine exposure from annexin V binding, hemolysis from hemoglobin release and [Ca2+]i from Fluo-3 fluorescence intensity. As a result, a 48 h exposure of erythrocytes to fluoxetine (≥25 µM) significantly decreased forward scatter, increased annexin V binding and enhanced [Ca2+]i. The effect on annexin V binding was significantly blunted, but not abolished, in the absence of extracellular Ca2+. In conclusion, fluoxetine stimulates eryptosis, an effect at least in part due to increase of cytosolic Ca2+ activity.
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Abed M, Zoubi KAL, Theurer M, Lang F. Effect of dermaseptin on erythrocytes. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2013; 113:347-52. [PMID: 23841716 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Dermaseptin, an antimicrobial peptide participating in the host defence against pathogens, interacts with the membrane of target cells, leading to membrane permeabilization and eventual cell lysis. Dermaseptin has previously been shown to trigger haemolysis. Prior to haemolysis, erythrocytes may enter suicidal death or eryptosis, which is characterized by cell shrinkage and by cell membrane scrambling leading to phosphatidylserine exposure at the erythrocyte surface. Triggers of eryptosis include increase in cytosolic Ca²⁺ activity [(Ca²⁺)](i) and formation of ceramide. This study explored whether dermaseptin modifies [Ca²⁺](i) and elicits eryptosis. Cell volume has been estimated from forward scatter, phosphatidylserine exposure from annexin-V binding, haemolysis from haemoglobin release, ceramide formation from binding of fluorescent antibodies and [Ca²⁺](i) from Fluo3-fluorescence. A 48-hr exposure to dermaseptin (50 μM) was followed by a significant increase in [Ca²⁺](i), a significant increase ceramide abundance, a significant decrease in forward scatter and a significant increase in annexin-V binding. The annexin-V binding after dermaseptin treatment was significantly blunted but not abrogated in the nominal absence of extracellular Ca²⁺. Dermaseptin triggers eryptosis, an effect at least partially due to entry of extracellular Ca²⁺.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed Abed
- Physiologisches Institut, der Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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