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Megakaryocyte migration defects due to nonmuscle myosin IIA mutations underlie thrombocytopenia in MYH9-related disease. Blood 2021; 135:1887-1898. [PMID: 32315395 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019003064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Megakaryocytes (MKs), the precursor cells for platelets, migrate from the endosteal niche of the bone marrow (BM) toward the vasculature, extending proplatelets into sinusoids, where circulating blood progressively fragments them into platelets. Nonmuscle myosin IIA (NMIIA) heavy chain gene (MYH9) mutations cause macrothrombocytopenia characterized by fewer platelets with larger sizes leading to clotting disorders termed myosin-9-related disorders (MYH9-RDs). MYH9-RD patient MKs have proplatelets with thicker and fewer branches that produce fewer and larger proplatelets, which is phenocopied in mouse Myh9-RD models. Defective proplatelet formation is considered to be the principal mechanism underlying the macrothrombocytopenia phenotype. However, MYH9-RD patient MKs may have other defects, as NMII interactions with actin filaments regulate physiological processes such as chemotaxis, cell migration, and adhesion. How MYH9-RD mutations affect MK migration and adhesion in BM or NMIIA activity and assembly prior to proplatelet production remain unanswered. NMIIA is the only NMII isoform expressed in mature MKs, permitting exploration of these questions without complicating effects of other NMII isoforms. Using mouse models of MYH9-RD (NMIIAR702C+/-GFP+/-, NMIIAD1424N+/-, and NMIIAE1841K+/-) and in vitro assays, we investigated MK distribution in BM, chemotaxis toward stromal-derived factor 1, NMIIA activity, and bipolar filament assembly. Results indicate that different MYH9-RD mutations suppressed MK migration in the BM without compromising bipolar filament formation but led to divergent adhesion phenotypes and NMIIA contractile activities depending on the mutation. We conclude that MYH9-RD mutations impair MK chemotaxis by multiple mechanisms to disrupt migration toward the vasculature, impairing proplatelet release and causing macrothrombocytopenia.
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Wu S, Li H, Wang L, Mak N, Wu X, Ge R, Sun F, Cheng CY. Motor Proteins and Spermatogenesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1288:131-159. [PMID: 34453735 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-77779-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Unlike the intermediate filament- and septin-based cytoskeletons which are apolar structures, the microtubule (MT) and actin cytoskeletons are polarized structures in mammalian cells and tissues including the testis, most notable in Sertoli cells. In the testis, these cytoskeletons that stretch across the epithelium of seminiferous tubules and lay perpendicular to the basement membrane of tunica propria serve as tracks for corresponding motor proteins to support cellular cargo transport. These cargoes include residual bodies, phagosomes, endocytic vesicles and most notably developing spermatocytes and haploid spermatids which lack the ultrastructures of motile cells (e.g., lamellipodia, filopodia). As such, these developing germ cells require the corresponding motor proteins to facilitate their transport across the seminiferous epithelium during the epithelial cycle of spermatogenesis. Due to the polarized natures of these cytoskeletons with distinctive plus (+) and minus (-) end, directional cargo transport can take place based on the use of corresponding actin- or MT-based motor proteins. These include the MT-based minus (-) end directed motor proteins: dyneins, and the plus (+) end directed motor proteins: kinesins, as well as the actin-based motor proteins: myosins, many of which are plus (+) end directed but a few are also minus (-) end directed motor proteins. Recent studies have shown that these motor proteins are essential to support spermatogenesis. In this review, we briefly summarize and evaluate these recent findings so that this information will serve as a helpful guide for future studies and for planning functional experiments to better understand their role mechanistically in supporting spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwen Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China.,The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, USA
| | - Huitao Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China.,The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lingling Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China.,The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, USA.,Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nathan Mak
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiaolong Wu
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Renshan Ge
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital (SRRSH), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - C Yan Cheng
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital (SRRSH), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Wang Q, Cao L, Sheng G, Shen H, Ling J, Xie J, Ma Z, Yin J, Wang Z, Yu Z, Chen S, Zhao Y, Ruan C, Xia L, Jiang M. Application of High-Throughput Sequencing in the Diagnosis of Inherited Thrombocytopenia. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2018; 24:94S-103S. [PMID: 30103613 PMCID: PMC6714838 DOI: 10.1177/1076029618790696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited thrombocytopenia is a group of hereditary diseases with a reduction in platelet
count as the main clinical manifestation. Clinically, there is an urgent need for a
convenient and rapid diagnosis method. We introduced a high-throughput, next-generation
sequencing (NGS) platform into the routine diagnosis of patients with unexplained
thrombocytopenia and analyzed the gene sequencing results to evaluate the value of NGS
technology in the screening and diagnosis of inherited thrombocytopenia. From a cohort of
112 patients with thrombocytopenia, we screened 43 patients with hereditary features. For
the blood samples of these 43 patients, a gene sequencing platform for hemorrhagic and
thrombotic diseases comprising 89 genes was used to perform gene detection using NGS
technology. When we combined the screening results with clinical features and other
findings, 15 (34.9%) of 43patients were diagnosed with inherited thrombocytopenia. In
addition, 19 pathogenic variants, including 8 previously unreported variants, were
identified in these patients. Through the use of this detection platform, we expect to
establish a more effective diagnostic approach to such disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Cao
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guangying Sheng
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hongjie Shen
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jing Ling
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jundan Xie
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhenni Ma
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Yin
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhaoyue Wang
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ziqiang Yu
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Suning Chen
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yiming Zhao
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Changgeng Ruan
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lijun Xia
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Miao Jiang
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Zulueta A, Razzari C, Fontana G, Femia EA, Faioni EM, Cattaneo M, Trinchera M. Instability of cytosolic phospholipase A2α variant upon cellular expression as a basis for its clinical presentation. Thromb Haemost 2015; 114:208-10. [PMID: 25904158 DOI: 10.1160/th14-11-0926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marco Trinchera
- Marco Trinchera, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy, Tel.: +39 0332 39 7160, Fax: +39 0332 39 7119, E-mail:
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Palandri F, Zoli M, Polverelli N, Noris P, Sollazzo D, Catani L, Vianelli N, Palandri G. MYH9-related thrombocytopenia and intracranial bleedings: a complex clinical/surgical management and review of the literature. Br J Haematol 2015; 170:729-31. [PMID: 25752999 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Palandri
- Department of Specialistic, Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Haematology 'L. and A. Seràgnoli', St Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Matteo Zoli
- Division of Neurosurgery, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Polverelli
- Department of Specialistic, Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Haematology 'L. and A. Seràgnoli', St Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrizia Noris
- Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Daria Sollazzo
- Department of Specialistic, Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Haematology 'L. and A. Seràgnoli', St Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucia Catani
- Department of Specialistic, Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Haematology 'L. and A. Seràgnoli', St Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Vianelli
- Department of Specialistic, Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Haematology 'L. and A. Seràgnoli', St Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Myosin-II repression favors pre/proplatelets but shear activation generates platelets and fails in macrothrombocytopenia. Blood 2014; 125:525-33. [PMID: 25395423 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-05-576462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Megakaryocyte ploidy and the generation of pre/proplatelets are both increased in culture by pharmacologic inhibition of myosin-II, but nonmuscle myosin-IIA (MIIA) mutations paradoxically cause MYH9-related diseases (MYH9-RD) that adversely affect platelets. In marrow, megakaryocytes extend projections into the microcirculation, where shear facilitates fragmentation to large pre/proplatelets, suggesting that fluid stresses and myosin-II activity somehow couple in platelet biogenesis. Here, in bulk shear, plateletlike particles generated from megakaryocytes are maximized at a shear stress typical of that in the microcirculation and after treatment with a myosin-II inhibitor. MIIA activity in static cells is naturally repressed through phosphorylation at Serine-1943, but shear decreases phosphorylation, consistent with MIIA activation and localization to platelet cortex. Micropipette aspiration of cells shows myosin-II accumulates at stressed sites, but its inhibition prevents such mechanoactivation and facilitates generation of CD41(+) fragments similar in size to pre/proplatelets. MYH9-RD mutants phenocopy inhibition, revealing a dominant negative effect. MIIA is diffuse in the large platelets of a MYH9-RD patient with macrothrombocytopenia and is also diffuse in normal pre/proplatelets treated with inhibitor that blocks in vitro division to small platelets. The findings explain the large platelets in MYH9-RD and the near-normal thrombocrit of patients. Myosin-II regulation thus controls platelet size and number.
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7
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R1933X mutation in the MYH9 gene in May-Hegglin anomaly mimicking idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. J Formos Med Assoc 2014; 113:56-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2012.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2010] [Revised: 04/05/2010] [Accepted: 06/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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8
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Nonmuscle myosin heavy chain IIA is a critical factor contributing to the efficiency of early infection of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus. J Virol 2013; 88:237-48. [PMID: 24155382 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02141-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a novel phlebovirus in the Bunyaviridae family. Most patients infected by SFTSV present with fever and thrombocytopenia, and up to 30% die due to multiple-organ dysfunction. The mechanisms by which SFTSV enters multiple cell types are unknown. SFTSV contains two species of envelope glycoproteins, Gn (44.2 kDa) and Gc (56 kDa), both of which are encoded by the M segment and are cleaved from a precursor polypeptide (about 116 kDa) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Gn fused with an immunoglobulin Fc tag at its C terminus (Gn-Fc) bound to multiple cells susceptible to the infection of SFTSV and blocked viral infection of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Immunoprecipitation assays following mass spectrometry analysis showed that Gn binds to nonmuscle myosin heavy chain IIA (NMMHC-IIA), a cellular protein with surface expression in multiple cell types. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of NMMHC-IIA, but not the closely related NMMHC-IIB or NMMHC-IIC, reduced SFTSV infection, and NMMHC-IIA specific antibody blocked infection by SFTSV but not other control viruses. Overexpression of NMMHC-IIA in HeLa cells, which show limited susceptivity to SFTSV, markedly enhanced SFTSV infection of the cells. These results show that NMMHC-IIA is critical for the cellular entry of SFTSV. As NMMHC-IIA is essential for the normal functions of platelets and human vascular endothelial cells, it is conceivable that NMMHC-IIA directly contributes to the pathogenesis of SFTSV and may be a useful target for antiviral interventions against the viral infection.
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9
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MYH9-related disorders: report on a patient of Greek origin presenting with macroscopic hematuria and presenile cataract, caused by an R1165C mutation. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2012; 34:412-5. [PMID: 22627578 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0b013e318257a64b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Myosin heavy chain-9 (MYH9)-related disorders represent a heterogenous group of hereditary diseases caused by mutations in the gene encoding the heavy chain of nonmuscle myosin IIA. May-Hegglin anomaly and Fechtner, Sebastian, and Epstein syndromes are the four phenotypes of the disease, characterized by congenital macrothrombocytopenia and distinguished by different combinations of clinical signs that may include glomerulonephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, and presenile cataract. The spectrum of mutations responsible for the disease is wide and the existence of genotype-phenotype correlation remains a critical issue. We report the first case of an MYH9-RD in a patient of Greek origin presenting with macroscopic hematuria and presenile cataract caused by a p.R1165C mutation. The same mutation was present in the patient's father, who exhibited no extrahematological features of the disease. The p.R1165C mutation is one of the MYH9 alterations whose prognostic significance is still poorly defined. Thus, the patients described add to the limited existing data on the MYH9 mutations and their resultant phenotypes.
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10
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Kudryashova E, Struyk A, Mokhonova E, Cannon SC, Spencer MJ. The common missense mutation D489N in TRIM32 causing limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2H leads to loss of the mutated protein in knock-in mice resulting in a Trim32-null phenotype. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 20:3925-32. [PMID: 21775502 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in tripartite motif protein 32 (TRIM32) are responsible for several hereditary disorders that include limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2H (LGMD2H), sarcotubular myopathy (STM) and Bardet Biedl syndrome. Most LGMD2H mutations in TRIM32 are clustered in the NHL β-propeller domain at the C-terminus and are predicted to interfere with homodimerization. To get insight into TRIM32's role in the pathogenesis of LGMD2H and to create an accurate model of disease, we have generated a knock-in mouse (T32KI) carrying the c.1465G > A (p.D489N) mutation in murine Trim32 corresponding to the human LGMD2H/STM pathogenic mutation c.1459G > A (p.D487N). Our data indicate that T32KI mice have both a myopathic and a neurogenic phenotype, very similar to the one described in the Trim32-null mice that we created previously. Analysis of Trim32 gene expression in T32KI mice revealed normal mRNA levels, but a severe reduction in mutant TRIM32 (D489N) at the protein level. Our results suggest that the D489N pathogenic mutation destabilizes the protein, leading to its degradation, and results in the same mild myopathic and neurogenic phenotype as that found in Trim32-null mice. Thus, one potential mechanism of LGMD2H might be destabilization of mutated TRIM32 protein leading to a null phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Kudryashova
- Department of Neurology, Center for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy at UCLA, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Balduini CL, Pecci A, Savoia A. Recent advances in the understanding and management of MYH9-related inherited thrombocytopenias. Br J Haematol 2011; 154:161-74. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2011.08716.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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12
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Kopp JB. Glomerular pathology in autosomal dominant MYH9 spectrum disorders: what are the clues telling us about disease mechanism? Kidney Int 2010; 78:130-3. [PMID: 20588287 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2010.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Genetic variation in MYH9, encoding non-muscle heavy chain IIA, has been recognized for over a decade as the cause of an autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by macrothrombocytopenia, neutrophil inclusions, and glomerular pathology. More recently, genetic variation in the MYH9 region on chromosome 22 has been associated with chronic kidney disease in African-descent individuals. A better understanding of the disease mechanisms responsible for glomerular injury in autosomal dominant MYH9 syndromes will lead to fuller appreciation of the role of this gene in glomerular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey B Kopp
- Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1268, USA.
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Vettore S, De Rocco D, Gerber B, Scandellari R, Bianco AM, Balduini CL, Pecci A, Fabris F, Savoia A. A G to C transversion at the last nucleotide of exon 25 of the MYH9 gene results in a missense mutation rather than in a splicing defect. Eur J Med Genet 2010; 53:256-60. [PMID: 20603234 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2010.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2010] [Accepted: 06/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
MYH9-related disease (MYH9-RD) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in MYH9, the gene encoding the heavy chain of non-muscle myosin IIA. Patients present with congenital macrothrombocytopenia and inclusion bodies in neutrophils and might develop sensorineural deafness, presenile cataract, and/or progressive nephropathy leading to end-stage renal failure. In two families with macrothrombocytopenia we identified a novel c.3485G > C mutation in the last nucleotide of exon 25. Bioinformatic tools for splice site prediction and minigene functional test predicted splicing anomalies of exon 25. However, analysis of RNA purified from patient's peripheral blood did not allowed us to detect any anomalies, suggesting that RNA processing is correct at least in this tissue. Therefore, we concluded that c.3485G > C leads to a novel missense mutation (p.Arg1162Thr) of myosin-9, which resulted to be slightly degraded in patient platelets. A precise definition of the effect of mutations is fundamental to improve our knowledge into the pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Vettore
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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15
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Panza E, Marini M, Pecci A, Giacopelli F, Bozzi V, Seri M, Balduini C, Ravazzolo R. Transfection of the mutant MYH9 cDNA reproduces the most typical cellular phenotype of MYH9-related disease in different cell lines. PATHOGENETICS 2008; 1:5. [PMID: 19046415 PMCID: PMC2633265 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8417-1-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2008] [Accepted: 12/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterozygous mutations of MYH9, encoding the Non-Muscular Myosin Heavy Chain-IIA (NMMHC-IIA), cause a complex disorder named MYH9-related disease, characterized by a combination of different phenotypic features. At birth, patients present platelet macrocytosis, thrombocytopenia and leukocyte inclusions containing NMMHC-IIA. Moreover, later in life some of them develop the additional features of sensorineural hearing loss, cataracts and/or glomerulonephritis that sometimes leads to end stage renal failure. RESULTS To clarify the mechanism by which the mutant NMMHC-IIA could cause phenotypic anomalies at the cellular level, we examined the effect of transfection of the full-length mutated D1424H MYH9 cDNAs. We have observed, by confocal microscopy, abnormal distribution of the protein and formation of rod-like aggregates reminiscent of the leukocyte inclusions found in patients. Co-transfection of differently labeled wild-type and mutant full-length cDNAs showed the simultaneous presence of both forms of the protein in the intracellular aggregates. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the NMMHC-IIA mutated in position 1424 is able to interact with the WT form in living cells, despite part of the mutant protein precipitates in non-functional aggregates. Transfection of the entire WT or mutant MYH9 in cell lines represents a powerful experimental model to investigate consequences of MYH9 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Panza
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, G, Gaslini Institute, Genova, Italy.
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Abstract
May-Hegglin anomaly is a rare autosomal dominant platelet disorder characterized by thrombocytopenia, giant platelets, and unique leukocyte inclusion bodies. This disorder was first described by May, a German physician, in 1909, and was subsequently described by a Swiss physician, Hegglin, in 1945. The pathogenesis of the disorder had been unknown until recently, when mutations in the gene encoding for nonmuscle myosin heavy chain IIA (MYH9) were identified. Unique cytoplasmic inclusion bodies are aggregates of nonmuscle myosin heavy chain IIA, and are only present in granulocytes. It is not yet known why inclusion bodies are not present in platelets, monocytes, and lymphocytes, or how giant platelets are formed. Interestingly, MYH9 is also found to be responsible for several related disorders with macrothrombocytopenia and leukocytes inclusion, including Sebastian, Fechtner, and Epstein syndromes, which feature deafness, nephritis, and/or cataract. Current interest is centered upon the mechanisms by which a single mutation causes a variety of phenotypes.
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Kunishima S, Matsushita T, Hamaguchi M, Saito H. Identification and characterization of the first large deletion of the MYH9 gene associated with MYH9 disorders. Eur J Haematol 2008; 80:540-4. [PMID: 18284620 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.2008.01046.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
MYH9 disorders are autosomal dominant macrothrombocytopenias with leukocyte inclusion bodies. Single point mutations in the protein-coding sequence of the MYH9 gene are the most common cause. So far no large gene deletion/insertion and splicing defects have been reported. Conventional DNA sequencing of each MYH9-coding exon showed no abnormalities in a patient. Reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and sequencing of neutrophil mRNA identified an inframe deletion of exon 25. Further long-range PCR amplification of genomic DNA revealed a deletion of 1220 nucleotides including entire exon 25. Immunoblot analysis showed a small, abnormal protein in neutrophils but not in platelets. This is the first report of a large deletion of the MYH9 gene leading to the development of MYH9 disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Kunishima
- Department of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan.
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18
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The ABCB1 (MDR1) gene, encoding the transporter P-glycoprotein, is known to act on a broad range of prescription medicines. For this reason a large number of studies have assessed the functional consequences of variation in this gene. Particular attention has focused on the ABCB1_3435C>T polymorphism, an exonic variant resulting in a synonymous change. This variant has been associated with mRNA, protein and serum levels, and with responses to a number of medicines. The results of association studies have, however, been variable and it is not currently clear whether this polymorphism is functional or is in linkage disequilibrium with functionally distinct alleles. RESULTS To identify functional variation in the ABCB1 gene we assessed allelic imbalance by pyrosequencing cDNA from 80 lymphoblastoid B cell lines from the Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH) collection, including 74 individuals heterozygous for 3435C>T. We found that the degree of ABCB1 allelic imbalance differed among B-cell lines. In an effort to fine-map variants that influence the proportion of the two allelic mRNA species we genotyped representative common variations near the 3435C>T polymorphism by using a tagging single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) approach. In one approach, we assessed in segregating families the impact of cis-acting variants on mRNA levels by using allelic imbalance as the phenotype in a regression analysis that distinguishes the coupling arrangements (phase) among alleles. In a second approach, we assessed allelic imbalance levels in lymphoblastoid B-cell lines from unrelated HapMap individuals, and performed an association using tagSNPs in a 5-Mb region surrounding the gene. Two potential cis-acting variants, a promoter rs28656907/rs28373093 dinucleotide polymorphism (P=0.007) and the rs10245483 SNP (P=0.0003) located 2 Mb upstream from the gene, were predictors of ABCB1 expression. CONCLUSIONS The study outlines a general experimental approach for fine mapping gene variants that influence mRNA expression by using cultured cell lines.
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Differential expression of wild-type and mutant NMMHC-IIA polypeptides in blood cells suggests cell-specific regulation mechanisms in MYH9 disorders. Blood 2008; 111:3015-23. [PMID: 18192507 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-10-116194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
MYH9 disorders such as May-Hegglin anomaly are characterized by macrothrombocytopenia and cytoplasmic granulocyte inclusion bodies that result from mutations in MYH9, the gene for nonmuscle myosin heavy chain-IIA (NMMHC-IIA). We examined the expression of mutant NMMHC-IIA polypeptide in peripheral blood cells from patients with MYH9 5770delG and 5818delG mutations. A specific antibody to mutant NMMHC-IIA (NT629) was raised against the abnormal carboxyl-terminal residues generated by 5818delG. NT629 reacted to recombinant 5818delG NMMHC-IIA but not to wild-type NMMHC-IIA, and did not recognize any cellular components of normal peripheral blood cells. Immunofluorescence and immunoblotting revealed that mutant NMMHC-IIA was present and sequestrated only in inclusion bodies within neutrophils, diffusely distributed throughout lymphocyte cytoplasm, sparsely localized on a diffuse cytoplasmic background in monocytes, and uniformly distributed at diminished levels only in large platelets. Mutant NMMHC-IIA did not translocate to lamellipodia in surface activated platelets. Wild-type NMMHC-IIA was homogeneously distributed among megakaryocytes derived from the peripheral blood CD34(+) cells of patients, but coarse mutant NMMHC-IIA was heterogeneously scattered without abnormal aggregates in the cytoplasm. We show the differential expression of mutant NMMHC-IIA and postulate that cell-specific regulation mechanisms function in MYH9 disorders.
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20
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Pecci A, Panza E, Pujol-Moix N, Klersy C, Di Bari F, Bozzi V, Gresele P, Lethagen S, Fabris F, Dufour C, Granata A, Doubek M, Pecoraro C, Koivisto PA, Heller PG, Iolascon A, Alvisi P, Schwabe D, De Candia E, Rocca B, Russo U, Ramenghi U, Noris P, Seri M, Balduini CL, Savoia A. Position of nonmuscle myosin heavy chain IIA (NMMHC-IIA) mutations predicts the natural history ofMYH9-related disease. Hum Mutat 2008; 29:409-17. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.20661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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21
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Léon C, Eckly A, Hechler B, Aleil B, Freund M, Ravanat C, Jourdain M, Nonne C, Weber J, Tiedt R, Gratacap MP, Severin S, Cazenave JP, Lanza F, Skoda R, Gachet C. Megakaryocyte-restricted MYH9 inactivation dramatically affects hemostasis while preserving platelet aggregation and secretion. Blood 2007; 110:3183-91. [PMID: 17664350 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-03-080184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractMutations in the MYH9 gene encoding the nonmuscle myosin heavy chain IIA result in bleeding disorders characterized by a macrothrombocytopenia. To understand the role of myosin in normal platelet functions and in pathology, we generated mice with disruption of MYH9 in megakaryocytes. MYH9Δ mice displayed macrothrombocytopenia with a strong increase in bleeding time and absence of clot retraction. However, platelet aggregation and secretion in response to any agonist were near normal despite absence of initial platelet contraction. By contrast, integrin outside-in signaling was impaired, as observed by a decrease in integrin β3 phosphorylation and PtdIns(3,4)P2 accumulation following stimulation. Upon adhesion on a fibrinogen-coated surface, MYH9Δ platelets were still able to extend lamellipodia but without stress fiber–like formation. As a consequence, thrombus growth and organization, investigated under flow by perfusing whole blood over collagen, were strongly impaired. Thrombus stability was also decreased in vivo in a model of FeCl3-induced injury of carotid arteries. Overall, these results demonstrate that while myosin seems dispensable for aggregation and secretion in suspension, it plays a key role in platelet contractile phenomena and outside-in signaling. These roles of myosin in platelet functions, in addition to thrombocytopenia, account for the strong hemostatic defects observed in MYH9Δ mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Léon
- INSERM U311, Etablissement Français du Sang-Alsace, 10 rue Spielmann, 67065 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
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22
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Franke JD, Montague RA, Rickoll WL, Kiehart DP. An MYH9 human disease model in flies: site-directed mutagenesis of the Drosophila non-muscle myosin II results in hypomorphic alleles with dominant character. Hum Mol Genet 2007; 16:3160-73. [PMID: 17901043 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddm279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether or not human disease-causing, amino acid substitutions in MYH9 could cause dominant phenotypes when introduced into the sole non-muscle myosin II heavy chain in Drosophila melanogaster (zip/MyoII). We characterized in vivo the effects of four MYH9-like mutations in the myosin rod-R1171C, D1430N, D1847K and R1939X-which occur at highly conserved residues. These engineered mutant heavy chains resulted in D. melanogaster non-muscle myosin II with partial wild-type function. In a wild-type genetic background, mutant heavy chains were overtly recessive and hypomorphic: each was able to substitute partially for endogenous non-muscle myosin II heavy chain in animals lacking zygotically produced heavy chain (but the penetrance of rescue was below Mendelian expectation). Moreover, each of the four mutant heavy chains exhibits dominant characteristics when expressed in a sensitized genetic background (flies heterozygous for RhoA mutations). Thus, these zip/MyoII(MYH9) alleles function, like certain other hypomorphic alleles, as excellent bait in screens for genetic interactors. Our conjecture is that these mutations in D. melanogaster behave comparably to their parent mutations in humans. We further characterized these zip/MyoII(MYH9) alleles, and found that all were capable of correct spatial and temporal localization in animals lacking zygotic expression of wild-type zip/MyoII. In vitro, we demonstrate that mutant heavy chains can dimerize with endogenous, wild-type heavy chains, fold into coiled-coil structures and assemble into higher-order structures. Our work further supports D. melanogaster as a model system for investigating the basis of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef D Franke
- Department of Biology, DCMB Group, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0338, USA
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23
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Martinelli M, Di Stazio M, Scapoli L, Marchesini J, Di Bari F, Pezzetti F, Carinci F, Palmieri A, Carinci P, Savoia A. Cleft lip with or without cleft palate: implication of the heavy chain of non-muscle myosin IIA. J Med Genet 2007; 44:387-92. [PMID: 17337617 PMCID: PMC2740885 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2006.047837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Non-syndromic cleft lip with or without palate (CL/P) is one of the most common malformations among live births, but most of the genetic components and environmental factors involved remain to be identified. Among the different causes, MYH9, the gene encoding for the heavy chain of non-muscle myosin IIA, was considered a potential candidate, because it was found to be abundantly and specifically expressed in epithelial cells of palatal shelves before fusion. After fusion, its expression level was shown to decrease and to become limited to epithelial triangles before disappearing, as fusion is completed. To determine whether MYH9 plays a role in CL/P aetiology, a family-based association analysis was performed in 218 case/parent triads using single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Pairwise and multilocus haplotype analyses identified linkage disequilibrium between polymorphism alleles at the MYH9 locus and the disease. The strongest deviation from a null hypothesis of random sharing was obtained with two adjacent SNPs, rs3752462 and rs2009930 (global p value = 0.001), indicating that MYH9 might be a predisposing factor for CL/P, although its pathogenetic role needs to be investigated more accurately.
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Haarer B, Viggiano S, Hibbs MA, Troyanskaya OG, Amberg DC. Modeling complex genetic interactions in a simple eukaryotic genome: actin displays a rich spectrum of complex haploinsufficiencies. Genes Dev 2006; 21:148-59. [PMID: 17167106 PMCID: PMC1770898 DOI: 10.1101/gad.1477507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Multigenic influences are major contributors to human genetic disorders. Since humans are highly polymorphic, there are a high number of possible detrimental, multiallelic gene pairs. The actin cytoskeleton of yeast was used to determine the potential for deleterious bigenic interactions; approximately 4800 complex hemizygote strains were constructed between an actin-null allele and the nonessential gene deletion collection. We found 208 genes that have deleterious complex haploinsufficient (CHI) interactions with actin. This set is enriched for genes with gene ontology terms shared with actin, including several actin-binding protein genes, and nearly half of the CHI genes have defects in actin organization when deleted. Interactions were frequently seen with genes for multiple components of a complex or with genes involved in the same function. For example, many of the genes for the large ribosomal subunit (RPLs) were CHI with act1Delta and had actin organization defects when deleted. This was generally true of only one RPL paralog of apparently duplicate genes, suggesting functional specialization between ribosomal genes. In many cases, CHI interactions could be attributed to localized defects on the actin protein. Spatial congruence in these data suggest that the loss of binding to specific actin-binding proteins causes subsets of CHI interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Haarer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA
| | - Susan Viggiano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA
| | - Mathew A. Hibbs
- Department of Computer Science and Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Olga G. Troyanskaya
- Department of Computer Science and Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - David C. Amberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA
- Corresponding author.E-MAIL ; FAX (315) 464-8750
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25
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Yi Y, Sen Zhang G, Xu M, San Ling Z, Ru Shao X, Zeng Li J, Ma J. Analysis of clinical manifestations, mutant gene and encoded protein in two Chinese MYH9-related disease families. Clin Chim Acta 2006; 373:49-54. [PMID: 16806139 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2006.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2006] [Revised: 04/21/2006] [Accepted: 04/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MYH9-related disease is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the triad of giant platelet, thrombocytopenia and inclusion bodies in neutrophil. In recent years, much progress has been made in the investigation of its clinical feature and pathogenesis. METHODS Clinical manifestations were analyzed in two Chinese MYH9-related disease families. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), DNA sequencing and CpoI restrictive endonuclease map analysis were used to identify spot mutation in nonmuscle myosin heavy chain 9 (MYH9) gene. Indirect immunofluence combined propidium iodine (PI) nuclei count-staining technology was applied to probe nonmuscle myosin heavy chain IIA (NMMHC-A) in MYH9-related disease neutrophils and platelets. Western blot was undergone to examine the expression of NMMHC-A in MYH9-related disease patients. RESULTS All of the patients manifested with the typical triad, mild to moderate bleeding tendency were their common clinical feature, some patients were accompanied by renal lesion. G5521A mutation in MYH9 gene was identified in both families. Spindle-like inclusions with yellow fluorescence in MYH9-related disease neutrophils were clearly revealed by indirect immunofluence combined PI nuclei count-staining technology, which matched very well with the inclusions, detected by Wright-Giemsa's stain. An upregulation of NMMHC-A in MYH9-related disease neutrophils was observed by Western blotting analysis. CONCLUSION Mutation of MYH9 gene exists in cases of Chinese MYH9-related disease. In the two families, the point mutation was located in exon 38(G5521A), and the transference rule of the MYH9 gene mutation is corresponding with clinical phenotype distribution. Indirect immunofluorescence combining with PI nuclei staining technology is sensitive and more specific than Wright-Giemsa's staining in detecting MYH9-related disease inclusions, with which we might easily distinguish MYH9-related disease inclusions from infection-associated inclusions. The expression of the NMMHC-A in MYH9-related disease neutrophils was upregulated than normal control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yi
- Division of Hematology/Institute of Molecular Hematology, the Second Xiang-ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
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26
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Parker LL, Gao J, Zuo J. Absence of hearing loss in a mouse model for DFNA17 and MYH9-related disease: the use of public gene-targeted ES cell resources. Brain Res 2006; 1091:235-42. [PMID: 16630581 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2005] [Revised: 02/14/2006] [Accepted: 03/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Multiple mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell banks expand the capability to characterize functions of genes implicated in human disease and to develop mouse models for the further understanding of disease pathology. Genetic diseases that result in hearing loss can provide insight into causative molecular mechanisms for deafness. We utilized BayGenomics, the public mouse ES cell bank, to identify gene-trapped ES cell lines associated with hearing loss. We identified two gene-trapped ES cell lines specific for the non-muscle myosin heavy chain class IIA or myosin heavy chain IX (Myh9). Inherited mutations in the Myh9 gene have been linked to non-syndromic hereditary hearing impairment DFNA17 as well as 'MYH9-related disease' characterized by macrothrombocytopenia, leukocyte inclusions, and in some patients deafness. Mutant Myh9 mice were derived from one of these ES cell lines that underwent germline transmission for in-depth otological examination. No homozygous mice however were identified at birth, consistent with recently published data describing the embryonic lethality of homozygous mutations in Myh9. We provide evidence that adult heterozygous Myh9 mouse inner ears contain half wild-type levels of Myh9 mRNA. Hearing loss however was not observed in heterozygous Myh9 mice in contrast to human Myh9-related diseases. Aged heterozygous Myh9 mice also did not show signs of cochleosaccular degeneration common in DFNA17. Although inheritance of Myh9 mutations in humans is dominant, we conclude that heterozygous loss of Myh9 is not critical to hearing function in mice by itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisan L Parker
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-2794, USA
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27
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Deutsch S, Choudhury U, Merla G, Howald C, Sylvan A, Antonarakis SE. Detection of aneuploidies by paralogous sequence quantification. J Med Genet 2005; 41:908-15. [PMID: 15591276 PMCID: PMC1735643 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2004.023184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromosomal aneuploidies are a common cause of congenital disorders associated with cognitive impairment and multiple dysmorphic features. Pre-natal diagnosis of aneuploidies is most commonly performed by the karyotyping of fetal cells obtained by amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling, but this method is labour intensive and requires about 14 days to complete. METHODS We have developed a PCR based method for the detection of targeted chromosome number abnormalities termed paralogous sequence quantification (PSQ), based on the use of paralogous genes. Paralogous sequences have a high degree of sequence identity, but accumulate nucleotide substitutions in a locus specific manner. These sequence differences, which we term paralogous sequence mismatches (PSMs), can be quantified using pyrosequencing technology, to estimate the relative dosage between different chromosomes. We designed 10 assays for the detection of trisomies of chromosomes 13, 18, and 21 and sex chromosome aneuploidies. RESULTS We evaluated the performance of this method on 175 DNAs, highly enriched for abnormal samples. A correct and unambiguous diagnosis was given for 119 out of 120 aneuploid samples as well as for all the controls. One sample which gave an intermediate value for the chromosome 13 assays could not be diagnosed. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggests that PSQ is a robust, easy to interpret, and easy to set up method for the diagnosis of common aneuploidies, and can be performed in less than 48 h, representing a competitive alternative for widespread use in diagnostic laboratories.
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MESH Headings
- Aneuploidy
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21
- Chromosomes, Human, X
- Chromosomes, Human, Y
- DNA
- Female
- Genetic Testing/methods
- Humans
- Male
- Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- Reproducibility of Results
- Sensitivity and Specificity
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
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Affiliation(s)
- S Deutsch
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, GE 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Dong F, Li S, Pujol-Moix N, Luban NLC, Shin SW, Seo JH, Ruiz-Saez A, Demeter J, Langdon S, Kelley MJ. Genotype-phenotype correlation in MYH9-related thrombocytopenia. Br J Haematol 2005; 130:620-7. [PMID: 16098078 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2005.05658.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mutation of the non-muscle myosin heavy chain type II-A results in MYH9-related hereditary macrothrombocytopenia (HMTC), including four autosomal dominant platelet disorders: May-Hegglin anomaly (MHA), Sebastian (SBS), Fechtner (FS) and Epstein (EPS) syndrome. Denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) was optimised for rapid screening of the seven exons harbouring all but one of the previously reported mutations of MYH9. Individuals from 13 families with phenotypes suggestive of MYH9-related HMTC were screened for mutations by DHPLC followed by direct sequencing of samples with aberrant column retention time. Mutations were identified in all 13 families. Six distinct missense heterozygous mutations were found in 10 families, including six families with MHA or SBS (E1841K, D1424N), three families with FS (R702H, R1165C, and D1424Y), and one family with EPS (S96L). A truncating mutation (R1933X) was found in three MHA families. A review of all published mutations suggests that mutation in the C-terminal coiled coil region or truncation of the tailpiece is associated with haematological-only phenotype, while mutation of the head ATPase domain frequently is associated with nephropathy and/or hearing loss. Mutations of other regions have intermediate expression of non-haematological characteristics. Further study is required to confirm these associations and understand the molecular basis for this genotype-phenotype relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Dong
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center and Hematology/Oncology, Durham Veterans Affairs Hospital, Durham, NC 27705, USA
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29
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Pecci A, Canobbio I, Balduini A, Stefanini L, Cisterna B, Marseglia C, Noris P, Savoia A, Balduini CL, Torti M. Pathogenetic mechanisms of hematological abnormalities of patients with MYH9 mutations. Hum Mol Genet 2005; 14:3169-78. [PMID: 16162639 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddi344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations of MYH9, the gene for non-muscle myosin heavy chain IIA (NMMHC-IIA), cause a complex clinical phenotype characterized by macrothrombocytopenia and granulocyte inclusion bodies, often associated with deafness, cataracts and/or glomerulonephritis. The pathogenetic mechanisms of these defects are either completely unknown or controversial. In particular, it is a matter of debate whether haploinsufficiency or a dominant-negative effect of mutant allele is responsible for hematological abnormalities. We investigated 11 patients from six pedigrees with different MYH9 mutations. We evaluated NMMHC-IIA levels in platelets and granulocytes isolated from peripheral blood and in megakaryocytes (Mks) cultured from circulating progenitors. NMMHC-IIA distribution in Mks and granulocytes was also assessed. We demonstrated that all the investigated patients had a 50% reduction of NMMHC-IIA expression in platelets and that a similar defect was present also in Mks. In subjects with R1933X and E1945X mutations, the whole NMMHC-IIA of platelets and Mks was wild-type. No NMMHC-IIA inclusions were observed at any time of Mk maturation. In granulocytes, the extent of NMMHC-IIA reduction in patients with respect to control cells was significantly greater than that measured in platelets and Mks, and we found that wild-type protein was sequestered within most of the NMMHC-IIA inclusions. Altogether these results indicate that haploinsufficiency of NMMHC-IIA in megakaryocytic lineage is the mechanism of macrothrombocytopenia consequent to MYH9 mutations, whereas in granulocytes a dominant-negative effect of mutant allele is involved in the formation of inclusion bodies. The finding that the same mutations act through different mechanisms in different cells is surprising and requires further investigation.
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30
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Canobbio I, Noris P, Pecci A, Balduini A, Balduini CL, Torti M. Altered cytoskeleton organization in platelets from patients with MYH9-related disease. J Thromb Haemost 2005; 3:1026-35. [PMID: 15869600 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2005.01244.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
MYH9-related disease (MYH9-RD) is an autosomal dominant disorder deriving from mutations in the MYH9 gene encoding for the heavy chain of non-muscle myosin IIA, and characterized by thrombocytopenia and giant platelets. Isoform IIA of myosin is the only one expressed in platelets, but the possibility that MYH9 mutations affect the organization of contractile structures in these blood elements has never been investigated. In this work we have analyzed the composition and the agonist-induced reorganization of the platelet cytoskeleton from seven MYH9-RD patients belonging to four different families. We found that an increased amount of myosin was constitutively associated with actin in the cytoskeleton of resting MYH9-RD platelets. Upon platelet stimulation, an impaired increase in the total cytoskeletal proteins was observed. Moreover, selected membrane glycoproteins, tyrosine kinases, and small GTPases failed to interact with the cytoskeleton in agonist-stimulated MYH9-RD platelets. These results demonstrate for the first time that mutations of MYH9 result in an alteration of the composition and agonist-induced reorganization of the platelet cytoskeleton. We suggest that these abnormalities may represent the biochemical basis for the previously reported functional alterations of MYH9-RD platelets, and for the abnormal platelet formation from megakaryocytes, resulting in thrombocytopenia and giant platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Canobbio
- Centre of Excellence for Applied Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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31
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Matthes T, Aguilar-Martinez P, Pizzi-Bosman L, Darbellay R, Rubbia-Brandt L, Giostra E, Michel M, Ganz T, Beris P. Severe hemochromatosis in a Portuguese family associated with a new mutation in the 5′-UTR of the HAMP gene. Blood 2004; 104:2181-3. [PMID: 15198949 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2004-01-0332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Juvenile hereditary hemochromatosis is a genetically heterogeneous disorder transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait. It is most often caused by mutations in the HJV gene and rarely in the HAMP gene. Hepcidin is considered to constitute a negative regulator of iron absorption, and its production is increased in inflammatory states and iron overload. We report the detection of a new mutation in the HAMP gene leading to juvenile hemochromatosis in 2 members of a Portuguese family. The mutation lies in the 5′-UTR (untranslated region) of the gene and creates a new initiation codon in the context of a Kozak sequence. We found no trace of hepcidin protein in the patients' urine, suggesting that ribosomes select the mutant initiation codon for translation. The decrease of hepcidin production would thus lead to increased iron absorption, resulting in iron deposition in parenchymal tissues. Phlebotomy therapy of the 2 patients resulted in impressive clinical improvement. (Blood. 2004;104: 2181-2183)
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Matthes
- Division of Hematology, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.
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32
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Franke JD, Dong F, Rickoll WL, Kelley MJ, Kiehart DP. Rod mutations associated with MYH9-related disorders disrupt nonmuscle myosin-IIA assembly. Blood 2004; 105:161-9. [PMID: 15339844 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2004-06-2067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
MYH9-related disorders are autosomal dominant syndromes, variably affecting platelet formation, hearing, and kidney function, and result from mutations in the human nonmuscle myosin-IIA heavy chain gene. To understand the mechanisms by which mutations in the rod region disrupt nonmuscle myosin-IIA function, we examined the in vitro behavior of 4 common mutant forms of the rod (R1165C, D1424N, E1841K, and R1933Stop) compared with wild type. We used negative-stain electron microscopy to analyze paracrystal morphology, a model system for the assembly of individual myosin-II molecules into bipolar filaments. Wild-type tail fragments formed ordered paracrystal arrays, whereas mutants formed aberrant aggregates. In mixing experiments, the mutants act dominantly to interfere with the proper assembly of wild type. Using circular dichroism, we find that 2 mutants affect the alpha-helical coiled-coil structure of individual molecules, and 2 mutants disrupt the lateral associations among individual molecules necessary to form higher-order assemblies, helping explain the dominant effects of these mutants. These results demonstrate that the most common mutations in MYH9, lesions in the rod, cause defects in nonmuscle myosin-IIA assembly. Further, the application of these methods to biochemically characterize rod mutations could be extended to other myosins responsible for disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef D Franke
- Department of Biology, Developmental Cell and Molecular Biology Group, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708-1000, USA
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