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Xu Y, Sun F, Tian Y, Zeng G, Lei G, Bai Z, Wang Y, Ge X, Wang J, Xiao C, Wang Z, Hu M, Song J, Yang P, Liu R. Enhanced NK cell activation via eEF2K-mediated potentiation of the cGAS-STING pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 129:111628. [PMID: 38320351 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver cancer, particularly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is characterized by a high mortality rate, attributed primarily to the establishment of an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Within this context, we aimed to elucidate the pivotal role of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF2K) in orchestrating the infiltration and activation of natural killer (NK) cells within the HCC tumor microenvironment. By shedding light on the immunomodulatory mechanisms at play, our findings should clarify HCC pathogenesis and help identify potential therapeutic intervention venues. METHODS We performed a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis to determine the functions of eEF2K in the context of HCC. We initially used paired tumor and adjacent normal tissue samples from patients with HCC to measure eEF2K expression and its correlation with prognosis. Subsequently, we enrolled a cohort of patients with HCC undergoing immunotherapy to examine the ability of eEF2K to predict treatment efficacy. To delve deeper into the mechanistic aspects, we established an eEF2K-knockout cell line using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. This step was crucial for verifying activation of the cGAS-STING pathway and the subsequent secretion of cytokines. To further elucidate the role of eEF2K in NK cell function, we applied siRNA-based techniques to effectively suppress eEF2K expression in vitro. For in vivo validation, we developed a tumor-bearing mouse model that enabled us to compare the infiltration and activation of NK cells within the tumor microenvironment following various treatment strategies. RESULTS We detected elevated eEF2K expression within HCC tissues, and this was correlated with an unfavorable prognosis (30.84 vs. 20.99 months, P = 0.033). In addition, co-culturing eEF2K-knockout HepG2 cells with dendritic cells led to activation of the cGAS-STING pathway and a subsequent increase in the secretion of IL-2 and CXCL9. Moreover, inhibiting eEF2K resulted in notable NK cell proliferation along with apoptosis reduction. Remarkably, after combining NH125 and PD-1 treatments, we found a significant increase in NK cell infiltration within HCC tumors in our murine model. Our flow cytometry analysis revealed reduced NKG2A expression and elevated NKG2D expression and secretion of granzyme B, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in NK cells. Immunohistochemical examination confirmed no evidence of damage to vital organs in the mice treated with the combination therapy. Additionally, we noted higher levels of glutathione peroxidase and lipid peroxidation in the peripheral blood serum of the treated mice. CONCLUSION Targeted eEF2K blockade may result in cGAS-STING pathway activation, leading to enhanced infiltration and activity of NK cells within HCC tumors. The synergistic effect achieved by combining an eEF2K inhibitor with PD-1 antibody therapy represents a novel and promising approach for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China; Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery, PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Sun
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuying Tian
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery, PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Guineng Zeng
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery, PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Guanglin Lei
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhifang Bai
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinlan Ge
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery, PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery, PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Chaohui Xiao
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery, PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaohai Wang
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery, PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Minggen Hu
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery, PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxun Song
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Penghui Yang
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery, PLA, Beijing, China.
| | - Rong Liu
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery, PLA, Beijing, China.
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Du Z, Zhu S, Zhang X, Gong Z, Wang S. Non-Conventional Allogeneic Anti-BCMA Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Based Immune Cell Therapies for Multiple Myeloma Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:567. [PMID: 36765526 PMCID: PMC9913487 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
MM, characterized by the progressive accumulation of clonal plasma cells in bone marrow, remains a severe medical problem globally. Currently, almost all MM patients who have received standard treatments will eventually relapse. Autologous anti-BCMA CAR-T cells are one of the FDA-approved immunotherapy cell-based products for treating adults with relapsed or refractory (r/r) multiple myeloma. However, this type of CAR-T cell product has several limitations, including high costs, long manufacturing times, and possible manufacturing failure, which significantly hinder its wider application for more patients. In this review, we summarized the current development stage of applying other types of immune cells to bring the anti-BCMA CAR-T therapy from autologous to allogeneic. In general, anti-BCMA CAR gene-edited αβ T cells and CAR-Natural Killer (NK) cells are at the forefront, with multiple clinical trials ongoing, while CAR-γδ T cells and CAR-invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) cells are still in pre-clinical studies. Other immune cells such as macrophages, B cells, and dendritic cells have been mainly developed to target other antigens and have the potential to be used to target BCMA. Nevertheless, additional regulatory requirements might need to be taken into account in developing these non-conventional allogenic anti-BCMA CAR-based cell products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Du
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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Mendoza-Valderrey A, Alvarez M, De Maria A, Margolin K, Melero I, Ascierto ML. Next Generation Immuno-Oncology Strategies: Unleashing NK Cells Activity. Cells 2022; 11:3147. [PMID: 36231109 PMCID: PMC9562848 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, immunotherapy has become a powerful therapeutic option against multiple malignancies. The unique capacity of natural killer (NK) cells to attack cancer cells without antigen specificity makes them an optimal immunotherapeutic tool for targeting tumors. Several approaches are currently being pursued to maximize the anti-tumor properties of NK cells in the clinic, including the development of NK cell expansion protocols for adoptive transfer, the establishment of a favorable microenvironment for NK cell activity, the redirection of NK cell activity against tumor cells, and the blockage of inhibitory mechanisms that constrain NK cell function. We here summarize the recent strategies in NK cell-based immunotherapies and discuss the requirement to further optimize these approaches for enhancement of the clinical outcome of NK cell-based immunotherapy targeting tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Mendoza-Valderrey
- Rosalie and Harold Rae Brown Cancer Immunotherapy Research Program, Borstein Family Melanoma Program, Translational Immunology Department, Saint John’s Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA
| | - Maite Alvarez
- Program for Immunology and Immunotherapy, CIMA, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea De Maria
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, 16126 Genova, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Kim Margolin
- Borstein Family Melanoma Program, Saint John’s Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA
| | - Ignacio Melero
- Program for Immunology and Immunotherapy, CIMA, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria Libera Ascierto
- Rosalie and Harold Rae Brown Cancer Immunotherapy Research Program, Borstein Family Melanoma Program, Translational Immunology Department, Saint John’s Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA
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Valeri A, García-Ortiz A, Castellano E, Córdoba L, Maroto-Martín E, Encinas J, Leivas A, Río P, Martínez-López J. Overcoming tumor resistance mechanisms in CAR-NK cell therapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:953849. [PMID: 35990652 PMCID: PMC9381932 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.953849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the impressive results of autologous CAR-T cell therapy in refractory B lymphoproliferative diseases, CAR-NK immunotherapy emerges as a safer, faster, and cost-effective approach with no signs of severe toxicities as described for CAR-T cells. Permanently scrutinized for its efficacy, recent promising data in CAR-NK clinical trials point out the achievement of deep, high-quality responses, thus confirming its potential clinical use. Although CAR-NK cell therapy is not significantly affected by the loss or downregulation of its CAR tumor target, as in the case of CAR-T cell, a plethora of common additional tumor intrinsic or extrinsic mechanisms that could also disable NK cell function have been described. Therefore, considering lessons learned from CAR-T cell therapy, the emergence of CAR-NK cell therapy resistance can also be envisioned. In this review we highlight the processes that could be involved in its development, focusing on cytokine addiction and potential fratricide during manufacturing, poor tumor trafficking, exhaustion within the tumor microenvironment (TME), and NK cell short in vivo persistence on account of the limited expansion, replicative senescence, and rejection by patient’s immune system after lymphodepletion recovery. Finally, we outline new actively explored alternatives to overcome these resistance mechanisms, with a special emphasis on CRISPR/Cas9 mediated genetic engineering approaches, a promising platform to optimize CAR-NK cell function to eradicate refractory cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Valeri
- Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre-Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (H12O-CNIO) Haematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre-Universidad Complutense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena García-Ortiz
- Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre-Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (H12O-CNIO) Haematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre-Universidad Complutense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Castellano
- Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre-Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (H12O-CNIO) Haematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre-Universidad Complutense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Córdoba
- Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre-Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (H12O-CNIO) Haematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre-Universidad Complutense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Maroto-Martín
- Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre-Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (H12O-CNIO) Haematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre-Universidad Complutense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jessica Encinas
- Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre-Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (H12O-CNIO) Haematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre-Universidad Complutense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandra Leivas
- Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre-Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (H12O-CNIO) Haematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre-Universidad Complutense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Río
- Division of Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies, Biomedical Innovation Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Martínez-López
- Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre-Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (H12O-CNIO) Haematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre-Universidad Complutense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Joaquín Martínez-López,
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Ran GH, Lin YQ, Tian L, Zhang T, Yan DM, Yu JH, Deng YC. Natural killer cell homing and trafficking in tissues and tumors: from biology to application. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:205. [PMID: 35768424 PMCID: PMC9243142 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01058-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells, a subgroup of innate lymphoid cells, act as the first line of defense against cancer. Although some evidence shows that NK cells can develop in secondary lymphoid tissues, NK cells develop mainly in the bone marrow (BM) and egress into the blood circulation when they mature. They then migrate to and settle down in peripheral tissues, though some special subsets home back into the BM or secondary lymphoid organs. Owing to its success in allogeneic adoptive transfer for cancer treatment and its "off-the-shelf" potential, NK cell-based immunotherapy is attracting increasing attention in the treatment of various cancers. However, insufficient infiltration of adoptively transferred NK cells limits clinical utility, especially for solid tumors. Expansion of NK cells or engineered chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) NK cells ex vivo prior to adoptive transfer by using various cytokines alters the profiles of chemokine receptors, which affects the infiltration of transferred NK cells into tumor tissue. Several factors control NK cell trafficking and homing, including cell-intrinsic factors (e.g., transcriptional factors), cell-extrinsic factors (e.g., integrins, selectins, chemokines and their corresponding receptors, signals induced by cytokines, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), etc.), and the cellular microenvironment. Here, we summarize the profiles and mechanisms of NK cell homing and trafficking at steady state and during tumor development, aiming to improve NK cell-based cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang He Ran
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical, Jiamusi University, 154007, Jiamusi, China
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Qing Lin
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical, Jiamusi University, 154007, Jiamusi, China
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Tian
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical, Jiamusi University, 154007, Jiamusi, China.
| | - Dong Mei Yan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical, Jiamusi University, 154007, Jiamusi, China.
| | - Jian Hua Yu
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA.
| | - You Cai Deng
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China.
- Department of Clinical Hematology, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China.
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CXCR4 and anti-BCMA CAR co-modified natural killer cells suppress multiple myeloma progression in a xenograft mouse model. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:475-483. [PMID: 34471234 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-021-00365-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The highly restricted expression of B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) on plasma cells makes it an ideal target for chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) immune cell therapy against multiple myeloma (MM), a bone marrow cancer. To improve the infiltration of ex vivo expanded human natural killer (NK) cells into the bone marrow, we electroporated these cells with mRNA encoding the chemokine receptor CXCR4. The CXCR4-modified NK cells displayed increased in vitro migration toward the bone marrow niche-expressing chemokine CXCL12/SDF-1α and augmented infiltration into the bone marrow compartments in mice. We further modified the CXCR4-NK cells by electroporation of mRNA encoding a CAR targeting BCMA. After the intravenous injection of the double-modified NK cells into a xenograft mouse model of MM, we observed significantly reduced tumor burden in the femur region of the living mice and the extended survival of the tumor-bearing mice. Collectively, this study provides the experimental evidence that the co-expression of CXCR4 and anti-BCMA CAR on NK cells is a possible effective way to control MM progression.
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Natural killer cell-derived extracellular vesicle significantly enhanced adoptive T cell therapy against solid tumors via versatilely immunomodulatory coordination. Sci China Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-021-1085-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Resolving the graft ischemia-reperfusion injury during liver transplantation at the single cell resolution. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:589. [PMID: 34103479 PMCID: PMC8187624 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03878-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) remains the major reason for impaired donor graft function and increased mortality post-liver transplantation. The mechanism of IRI involves multiple pathophysiological processes and numerous types of cells. However, a systematic and comprehensive single-cell transcriptional profile of intrahepatic cells during liver transplantation is still unclear. We performed a single-cell transcriptome analysis of 14,313 cells from liver tissues collected from pre-procurement, at the end of preservation and 2 h post-reperfusion. We made detailed annotations of mononuclear phagocyte, endothelial cell, NK/T, B and plasma cell clusters, and we described the dynamic changes of the transcriptome of these clusters during IRI and the interaction between mononuclear phagocyte clusters and other cell clusters. In addition, we found that TNFAIP3 interacting protein 3 (TNIP3), specifically and highly expressed in Kupffer cell clusters post-reperfusion, may have a protective effect on IRI. In summary, our study provides the first dynamic transcriptome map of intrahepatic cell clusters during liver transplantation at single-cell resolution.
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Tomaipitinca L, Russo E, Bernardini G. NK cell surveillance of hematological malignancies. Therapeutic implications and regulation by chemokine receptors. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 80:100968. [PMID: 34045078 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.100968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
NK cells are circulating innate lymphoid cells that constantly move from bloodstream into tissues, exerting several functions including tumor surveillance. For this reason, NK cells are considered attractive target for cancer immunotherapy. Several strategies are employed to harness NK cell efficacy especially in hematological tumors, including adoptive transfer, genetic manipulation to overexpress chimeric antigen receptors and cytokine or immunomodulatory drug treatments of ex-vivo cultivated and expanded NK cells. Several chemokine receptors support NK cell tissue homing and are required for efficient tumor infiltration. Nevertheless, chemokine receptor expression is often insufficient, or their respective ligands may not be expressed in the tumor microenvironment, thus limiting NK cell localization at the tumor site. Therefore, strategies to implement expression or promote the function of the correct chemokine receptor/ligand axes have been employed in the last years with promising results in preclinical models. In this review, we discuss how chemokine receptors and their ligands regulate the trafficking and localization of NK cells in hematological tumors and how the chemokine function can be manipulated to improve current therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Tomaipitinca
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Pasteur Institute Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Russo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Pasteur Institute Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bernardini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Pasteur Institute Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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Walker KL, Rinella SP, Hess NJ, Turicek DP, Kabakov SA, Zhu F, Bouchlaka MN, Olson SL, Cho MM, Quamine AE, Feils AS, Gavcovich TB, Rui L, Capitini CM. CXCR4 allows T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia to escape from JAK1/2 and BCL2 inhibition through CNS infiltration. Leuk Lymphoma 2021; 62:1167-1177. [PMID: 33843403 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2021.1910684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Targeting the JAK/STAT and BCL2 pathways in patients with relapsed/refractory T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) may provide an alternative approach to achieve clinical remissions. Ruxolitinib and venetoclax show a dose-dependent effect on T-ALL individually, but combination treatment reduces survival and proliferation of T-ALL in vitro. Using a xenograft model, the combination treatment fails to improve survival, with death from hind limb paralysis. Despite on-target inhibition by the drugs, histopathology demonstrates increased leukemic infiltration into the central nervous system (CNS) as compared to liver or bone marrow. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy shows that ruxolitinib and venetoclax insufficiently cross into the CNS. The addition of the CXCR4 inhibitor plerixafor with ruxolitinib and venetoclax reduces clinical scores and enhances survival. While combination therapy with ruxolitinib and venetoclax shows promise for treating T-ALL, additional inhibition of the CXCR4-CXCL12 axis may be needed to maximize the possibility of complete remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsti L Walker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sean P Rinella
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nicholas J Hess
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David P Turicek
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sabrina A Kabakov
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Fen Zhu
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Myriam N Bouchlaka
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sydney L Olson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Monica M Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Aicha E Quamine
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Arika S Feils
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Tara B Gavcovich
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lixin Rui
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Christian M Capitini
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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Tanzi M, Consonni M, Falco M, Ferulli F, Montini E, Pasi A, Cacciatore R, Brugnatelli S, Pedrazzoli P, Zecca M, Boghen S, Dellabona P, Casorati G, Montagna D. Cytokine-Induced Memory-Like NK Cells with High Reactivity against Acute Leukemia Blasts and Solid Tumor Cells Suitable for Adoptive Immunotherapy Approaches. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1577. [PMID: 33808051 PMCID: PMC8036252 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The limited efficacy of Natural Killer (NK) cell-based immunotherapy results in part from the suboptimal expansion and persistence of the infused cells. Recent reports suggest that the generation of NK cells with memory-like properties upon in vitro activation with defined cytokines might be an effective way of ensuring long-lasting NK cell function in vivo. Here, we demonstrate that activation with IL-12, IL-15 and IL-18 followed by a one-week culture with optimal doses of Interleukin (IL-2) and IL-15 generates substantial numbers of memory-like NK cells able to persist for at least three weeks when injected into NOD scid gamma (NSG) mice. This approach induces haploidentical donor-derived memory-like NK cells that are highly lytic against patients' myeloid or lymphoid leukemia blasts, independent of the presence of alloreactive cell populations in the donor and with negligible reactivity against patients' non-malignant cells. Memory-like NK cells able to lyse autologous tumor cells can also be generated from patients with solid malignancies. The anti-tumor activity of allogenic and autologous memory-like NK cells is significantly greater than that displayed by NK cells stimulated overnight with IL-2, supporting their potential therapeutic value both in patients affected by high-risk acute leukemia after haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and in patients with advanced solid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Tanzi
- Cell Factory, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.T.); (F.F.); (E.M.)
- Laboratory of Immunology Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Michela Consonni
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (M.C.); (P.D.); (G.C.)
| | - Michela Falco
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Integrated Department of Services and Laboratories, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Federica Ferulli
- Cell Factory, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.T.); (F.F.); (E.M.)
- Laboratory of Immunology Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Enrica Montini
- Cell Factory, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.T.); (F.F.); (E.M.)
- Laboratory of Immunology Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.Z.); (S.B.)
| | - Annamaria Pasi
- Immunohematology and Transfusion Service and Cell Therapy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.P.); (R.C.)
| | - Rosalia Cacciatore
- Immunohematology and Transfusion Service and Cell Therapy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.P.); (R.C.)
| | - Silvia Brugnatelli
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.B.); (P.P.)
| | - Paolo Pedrazzoli
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.B.); (P.P.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapy, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Zecca
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.Z.); (S.B.)
| | - Stella Boghen
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.Z.); (S.B.)
| | - Paolo Dellabona
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (M.C.); (P.D.); (G.C.)
| | - Giulia Casorati
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (M.C.); (P.D.); (G.C.)
| | - Daniela Montagna
- Cell Factory, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.T.); (F.F.); (E.M.)
- Laboratory of Immunology Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Sciences Clinic-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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12
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Yao X, Matosevic S. Chemokine networks modulating natural killer cell trafficking to solid tumors. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2021; 59:36-45. [PMID: 33495094 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cell-based cell therapy has been emerging as a powerful weapon in the treatment of multiple malignancies. However, the inadequate infiltration of the therapeutic NK cells into solid tumors remains a big challenge to their clinical utility. Chemokine networks, which play essential roles in the migration of lymphocytes, have been recognized as critical in driving the intratumoral infiltration of NK cells via interactions between soluble chemokines and their receptors. Often, such interactions are complex and disease-specific. In the context of NK cells, chemokine receptors of note have included CCR2, CCR5, CCR7, CXCR3, and CX3CR1. The immunobiology of chemokine-receptor interactions has fueled the development of approaches that hope to improve the infiltration of NK cells into the microenvironment of solid tumors. Stimulation of NK cells ex vivo in the presence of various cytokines (such as IL-2, IL-15, and IL-21) and genetic engineering of NK cells have been utilized to alter the chemokine receptor profile and generate NK cells with higher infiltrating capacity. Additionally, the immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment has also been targeted, by introducing, either directly or indirectly, chemokine ligands which NK cells are able to respond to, ultimately creating a more hospitable niche for NK cell trafficking. Such strategies have promoted the infiltration and activity of infused NK cells into multiple solid tumors. In this review, we discuss how chemokine receptors and their ligands coordinate and how they can be manipulated to regulate the trafficking, distribution, and residence of NK cells in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yao
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Sandro Matosevic
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907 USA.
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13
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Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived natural killer cells gene-modified to express chimeric antigen receptor-targeting solid tumors. Int J Hematol 2020; 114:572-579. [PMID: 32705572 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-020-02951-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The use of allogeneic, pluripotent stem cell-derived immune cells for cancer immunotherapy has been the subject of recent research, including clinical trials. The use of pluripotent stem cells as the source for allogeneic immune cells facilitates stringent quality control of the final product, regarding efficacy, safety, and producibility. In this review, we have described the characteristics of natural killer (NK) cells from multiple cell sources, including pluripotent stem cells, the chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modification method and strategy for these NK cells, and the current and planned clinical trials of CAR-modified induced pluripotent stem cell-derived NK cells.
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14
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Geng S, Wang J, Zhang X, Zhang JJ, Wu F, Pang Y, Zhong Y, Wang J, Wang W, Lyu X, Huang Y, Jing H. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals chemokine self-feeding of myeloma cells promotes extramedullary metastasis. FEBS Lett 2019; 594:452-465. [PMID: 31561267 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to determine the mechanisms underlying the initial extramedullary translocation of myeloma cells from bone marrow into peripheral blood. We found that clonal circulating plasma cells (cPCs) are more frequently detected by flow cytometry in extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) patients and worsen their prognosis. It is technically much easier to collect single cPCs using FACS than it is to perform EMP biopsy. Therefore, combining EMP imaging with cPC detection may be a promising strategy for prognostic stratification. Here, using single-cell transcriptome analysis, we found that the chemokine CXCL12, a key molecule involved in CXCR4-dependent cell retention in the bone marrow, is abnormally upregulated in cPCs and might initially enable cPCs to evade bone marrow retention and translocate into the bloodstream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Geng
- Department of Hematology, Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC) and Lymphoma Research Center, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Hematology, Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC) and Lymphoma Research Center, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiannian Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC) and Lymphoma Research Center, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Jia Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of Hematology, Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC) and Lymphoma Research Center, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhong Pang
- Department of Hematology, Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC) and Lymphoma Research Center, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuping Zhong
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianbin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenming Wang
- Department of Hematology, Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC) and Lymphoma Research Center, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Lyu
- Department of Hematology, Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC) and Lymphoma Research Center, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyi Huang
- Department of Hematology, Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC) and Lymphoma Research Center, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Jing
- Department of Hematology, Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC) and Lymphoma Research Center, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
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15
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Di Vito C, Mikulak J, Mavilio D. On the Way to Become a Natural Killer Cell. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1812. [PMID: 31428098 PMCID: PMC6688484 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes playing pivotal roles in host defense and immune-surveillance. The homeostatic modulation of germ-line encoded/non-rearranged activating and inhibitory NK cell receptors (NKRs) determines the capability of these innate lymphocytes to either spare "self" cells or to kill viral-infected, tumor-transformed and heterologous cell targets. However, despite being discovered more than 40 years ago, several aspects of NK cell biology remain unknown or are still being debated. In particular, our knowledge of human NK cell ontogenesis and differentiation is still in its infancy as the majority of our experimental evidence on this topic mainly comes from findings obtained in vitro or with animal models in vivo. Although both the generation and the maintenance of human NK cells are sustained by hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), the precise site(s) of NK cell development are still poorly defined. Indeed, HSCs and hematopoietic precursors are localized in different anatomical compartments that also change their ontogenic commitments before and after birth as well as in aging. Currently, the main site of NK cell generation and maturation in adulthood is considered the bone marrow, where their interactions with stromal cells, cytokines, growth factors, and other soluble molecules support and drive maturation. Different sequential stages of NK cell development have been identified on the basis of the differential expression of specific markers and NKRs as well as on the acquisition of specific effector-functions. All these phenotypic and functional features are key in inducing and regulating homing, activation and tissue-residency of NK cells in different human anatomic sites, where different homeostatic mechanisms ensure a perfect balance between immune tolerance and immune-surveillance. The present review summarizes our current knowledge on human NK cell ontogenesis and on the related pathways orchestrating a proper maturation, functions, and distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Di Vito
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Joanna Mikulak
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine (BioMeTra), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Domenico Mavilio
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine (BioMeTra), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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16
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Dong W, Wu X, Ma S, Wang Y, Nalin AP, Zhu Z, Zhang J, Benson DM, He K, Caligiuri MA, Yu J. The Mechanism of Anti-PD-L1 Antibody Efficacy against PD-L1-Negative Tumors Identifies NK Cells Expressing PD-L1 as a Cytolytic Effector. Cancer Discov 2019; 9:1422-1437. [PMID: 31340937 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-18-1259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Blockade of PD-L1 expression on tumor cells via anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) has shown great promise for successful cancer treatment by overcoming T-cell exhaustion; however, the function of PD-L1 on natural killer (NK) cells and the effects of anti-PD-L1 mAb on PD-L1+ NK cells remain unknown. Moreover, patients with PD-L1 - tumors can respond favorably to anti-PD-L1 mAb therapy for unclear reasons. Here, we show that some tumors can induce PD-L1 on NK cells via AKT signaling, resulting in enhanced NK-cell function and preventing cell exhaustion. Anti-PD-L1 mAb directly acts on PD-L1+ NK cells against PD-L1 - tumors via a p38 pathway. Combination therapy with anti-PD-L1 mAb and NK cell-activating cytokines significantly improves the therapeutic efficacy of human NK cells against PD-L1 - human leukemia when compared with monotherapy. Our discovery of a PD-1-independent mechanism of antitumor efficacy via the activation of PD-L1+ NK cells with anti-PD-L1 mAb offers new insights into NK-cell activation and provides a potential explanation as to why some patients lacking PD-L1 expression on tumor cells still respond to anti-PD-L1 mAb therapy. SIGNIFICANCE: Targeting PD-L1 expressed on PD-L1+ tumors with anti-PD-L1 mAb successfully overcomes T-cell exhaustion to control cancer, yet patients with PD-L1 - tumors can respond to anti-PD-L1 mAb. Here, we show that anti-PD-L1 mAb activates PD-L1+ NK cells to control growth of PD-L1 - tumors in vivo, and does so independent of PD-1.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1325.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Dong
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California.,Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Xiaojin Wu
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio.,Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shoubao Ma
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ansel P Nalin
- Medical Scientist Training Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Zheng Zhu
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Jianying Zhang
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Don M Benson
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kai He
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Michael A Caligiuri
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California. .,Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California.,Department of Immuno-Oncology, Duarte, California.,City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California. .,Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California.,Department of Immuno-Oncology, Duarte, California.,City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
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17
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Levy E, Reger R, Segerberg F, Lambert M, Leijonhufvud C, Baumer Y, Carlsten M, Childs R. Enhanced Bone Marrow Homing of Natural Killer Cells Following mRNA Transfection With Gain-of-Function Variant CXCR4 R334X. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1262. [PMID: 31231387 PMCID: PMC6560173 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive transfer of natural killer (NK) cells can induce remission in patients with relapsed/refractory leukemia and myeloma. However, to date, clinical efficacy of NK cell immunotherapy has been limited to a sub-fraction of patients. Here we show that steps incorporated in the ex vivo manipulation/production of NK cell products used for adoptive infusion, such as over-night IL-2 activation or cryopreservation followed by ex vivo expansion, drastically decreases NK cell surface expression of the bone marrow (BM) homing chemokine receptor CXCR4. Reduced CXCR4 expression was associated with dampened in vitro NK cell migration toward its cognate ligand stromal-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α). NK cells isolated from patients with WHIM syndrome carry gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in CXCR4 (CXCR4R334X). Compared to healthy donors, we observed that NK cells expanded from WHIM patients have similar surface levels of CXCR4 but have a much stronger propensity to home to BM compartments when adoptively infused into NOD-scid IL2Rgammanull (NSG) mice. Therefore, in order to augment the capacity of adoptively infused NK cells to home to the BM, we genetically engineered ex vivo expanded NK cells to express the naturally occurring GOF CXCR4R334X receptor variant. Transfection of CXCR4R334X-coding mRNA into ex vivo expanded NK cells using a clinically applicable method consistently led to an increase in cell surface CXCR4 without altering NK cell phenotype, cytotoxic function, or compromising NK cell viability. Compared to non-transfected and wild type CXCR4-coding mRNA transfected counterparts, CXCR4R334X-engineered NK cells had significantly greater chemotaxis toward SDF-1α in vitro. Importantly, expression of CXCR4R334X on expanded NK cells resulted in significantly greater BM homing following adoptive transfer into NSG mice compared to non-transfected NK cell controls. Collectively, these data suggest up-regulation of cell surface CXCR4R334X on ex vivo expanded NK cells via mRNA transfection represents a novel approach to improve homing and target NK cell-based immunotherapies to BM where hematological malignancies reside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Levy
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.,The Department of Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Robert Reger
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Filip Segerberg
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Melanie Lambert
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caroline Leijonhufvud
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yvonne Baumer
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mattias Carlsten
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Richard Childs
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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18
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Abstract
Cysteine-X-cysteine chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is a broadly expressed and multifunctional G protein-coupled chemokine receptor critical for organogenesis, hematopoiesis, and antimicrobial host defense. In the hematopoietic system, the binding of CXCR4 to its cognate chemokine ligand, CXCL12, mediates leukocyte trafficking, distribution, survival, activation, and proliferation. Warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infections, and myelokathexis (WHIM) syndrome is a rare, autosomal dominant, combined immunodeficiency disorder caused by mutations in the C-terminus of CXCR4 that prevent receptor downregulation and therefore result in pathologically increased signaling. The "M" in the acronym WHIM refers to myelokathexis, the retention of neutrophils in the bone marrow resulting in neutropenia, which explains in part the increased susceptibility to bacterial infection. However, WHIM patients also present with B and T lymphopenia, which may explain the susceptibility to human papillomavirus (HPV), the cause of warts. The impact of WHIM mutations on lymphocytes and adaptive immunity has received less attention than myelokathexis and is the focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamik Majumdar
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Philip M Murphy
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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19
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Saetersmoen ML, Hammer Q, Valamehr B, Kaufman DS, Malmberg KJ. Off-the-shelf cell therapy with induced pluripotent stem cell-derived natural killer cells. Semin Immunopathol 2018; 41:59-68. [PMID: 30361801 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-018-0721-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cell therapy is emerging as a very promising therapeutic modality against cancer, spearheaded by the clinical success of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) modified T cells for B cell malignancies. Currently, FDA-approved CAR-T cell products are based on engineering of autologous T cells harvested from the patient, typically using a central manufacturing facility for gene editing before the product can be delivered to the clinic and infused to the patients. For a broader implementation of advanced cell therapy and to reduce costs, it would be advantageous to use allogeneic "universal" cell therapy products that can be stored in cell banks and provided upon request, in a manner analogous to biopharmaceutical drug products. In this review, we outline a roadmap for development of off-the-shelf cell therapy based on natural killer (NK) cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). We discuss strategies to engineer iPSC-derived NK (iPSC-NK) cells for enhanced functional potential, persistence, and homing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Quirin Hammer
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | | | - Dan S Kaufman
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Karl-Johan Malmberg
- The KG Jebsen Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. .,Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden. .,Institute for Cancer research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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20
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Castriconi R, Carrega P, Dondero A, Bellora F, Casu B, Regis S, Ferlazzo G, Bottino C. Molecular Mechanisms Directing Migration and Retention of Natural Killer Cells in Human Tissues. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2324. [PMID: 30364222 PMCID: PMC6193061 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A large body of data shows that Natural Killer (NK) cells are immune effectors exerting a potent cytolytic activity against tumors and virus infected cells. The discovery and characterization of several inhibitory and activating receptors unveiled most of the mechanisms allowing NK cells to spare healthy cells while selectively attacking abnormal tissues. Nevertheless, the mechanisms ruling NK cell subset recirculation among the different compartments of human body have only lately started to be investigated. This is particularly true for pathological settings such as tumors or infected tissues but also for para-physiological condition like pregnant human uterine mucosa. It is becoming evident that the microenvironment associated to a particular clinical condition can deeply influence the migratory capabilities of NK cells. In this review we describe the main mechanisms and stimuli known to regulate the expression of chemokine receptors and other molecules involved in NK cell homing to either normal or pathological/inflamed tissues, including tumors or organs such as lung and liver. We will also discuss the role played by the chemokine/chemokine receptor axes in the orchestration of physiological events such as NK cell differentiation, lymphoid organ retention/egress and recruitment to decidua during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Castriconi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.,Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Paolo Carrega
- Dipartimento di Patologia Umana, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandra Dondero
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Francesca Bellora
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Beatrice Casu
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Stefano Regis
- Istituto di ricovero e cura a carattere scientifico (IRCCS) Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Guido Ferlazzo
- Dipartimento di Patologia Umana, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Cristina Bottino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.,Istituto di ricovero e cura a carattere scientifico (IRCCS) Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
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21
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Terrén I, Mikelez I, Odriozola I, Gredilla A, González J, Orrantia A, Vitallé J, Zenarruzabeitia O, Borrego F. Implication of Interleukin-12/15/18 and Ruxolitinib in the Phenotype, Proliferation, and Polyfunctionality of Human Cytokine-Preactivated Natural Killer Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:737. [PMID: 29713323 PMCID: PMC5911648 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A brief in vitro stimulation of natural killer (NK) cells with interleukin (IL)-12, IL-15, and IL-18 endow them a memory-like behavior, characterized by higher effector responses when they are restimulated after a resting period of time. These preactivated NK cells, also known as cytokine-induced memory-like (CIML) NK cells, have several properties that make them a promising tool in cancer immunotherapy. In the present study, we have described the effect that different combinations of IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18 have on the generation of human CIML NK cells. Our data points to a major contribution of IL-15 to CIML NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity against target cells. However, the synergistic effect of the three cytokines grant them the best polyfunctional profile, that is, cells that simultaneously degranulate (CD107a) and produce multiple cytokines and chemokines such as interferon γ, tumor necrosis factor α, and C-C motif chemokine ligand 3. We have also analyzed the involvement of each cytokine and their combinations in the expression of homing receptors CXCR4 and CD62L, as well as the expression of CD25 and IL-2-induced proliferation. Furthermore, we have tested the effects of the Jak1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib in the generation of CIML NK cells. We found that ruxolitinib-treated CIML NK cells expressed lower levels of CD25 than non-treated CIML NK cells, but exhibited similar proliferation in response to IL-2. In addition, we have also found that ruxolitinib-treated NK cells displayed reduced effector functions after the preactivation, which can be recovered after a 4 days expansion phase in the presence of low doses of IL-2. Altogether, our results describe the impact that each cytokine and the Jak1/2 pathway have in the phenotype, IL-2-induced proliferation, and effector functions of human CIML NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñigo Terrén
- Immunopathology Group, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Idoia Mikelez
- Immunopathology Group, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- CIC biomaGUNE, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Irati Odriozola
- Immunopathology Group, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Andrea Gredilla
- Immunopathology Group, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Javier González
- Immunopathology Group, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Ane Orrantia
- Immunopathology Group, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Joana Vitallé
- Immunopathology Group, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Borrego
- Immunopathology Group, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
- Basque Center for Transfusion and Human Tissues, Galdakao, Spain
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22
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Urra S, Fischer MC, Martínez JR, Véliz L, Orellana P, Solar A, Bohmwald K, Kalergis A, Riedel C, Corvalán AH, Roa JC, Fuentealba R, Cáceres CJ, López-Lastra M, León A, Droppelmann N, González HE. Differential expression profile of CXCR3 splicing variants is associated with thyroid neoplasia. Potential role in papillary thyroid carcinoma oncogenesis? Oncotarget 2017; 9:2445-2467. [PMID: 29416784 PMCID: PMC5788652 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most prevalent endocrine neoplasia. The increased incidence of PTC in patients with thyroiditis and the frequent immune infiltrate found in PTC suggest that inflammation might be a risk factor for PTC development. The CXCR3-ligand system is involved in thyroid inflammation and CXCR3 has been found upregulated in many tumors, suggesting its pro-tumorigenic role under the inflammatory microenvironment. CXCR3 ligands (CXCL4, CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11) trigger antagonistic responses partly due to the presence of two splice variants, CXCR3A and CXCR3B. Whereas CXCR3A promotes cell proliferation, CXCR3B induces apoptosis. However, the relation between CXCR3 variant expression with chronic inflammation and PTC development remains unknown. Here, we characterized the expression pattern of CXCR3 variants and their ligands in benign tumors and PTC. We found that CXCR3A and CXCL10 mRNA levels were increased in non-metastatic PTC when compared to non-neoplastic tissue. This increment was also observed in a PTC epithelial cell line (TPC-1). Although elevated protein levels of both isoforms were detected in benign and malignant tumors, the CXCR3A expression remained greater than CXCR3B and promoted proliferation in Nthy-ori-3-1 cells. In non-metastatic PTC, inflammation was conditioning for the CXCR3 ligands increased availability. Consistently, CXCL10 was strongly induced by interferon gamma in normal and tumor thyrocytes. Our results suggest that persistent inflammation upregulates CXCL10 expression favoring tumor development via enhanced CXCR3A-CXCL10 signaling. These findings may help to further understand the contribution of inflammation as a risk factor in PTC development and set the basis for potential therapeutic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soledad Urra
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Martin C Fischer
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José R Martínez
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Loreto Véliz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paulina Orellana
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Antonieta Solar
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karen Bohmwald
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Riedel
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biological Science and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro H Corvalán
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan C Roa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Fuentealba
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Joaquin Cáceres
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pediatric Immunology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo López-Lastra
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pediatric Immunology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Augusto León
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás Droppelmann
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hernán E González
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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23
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Niu Q, Zhou Q, Liu Y, Jiang H. Expression of CXCR4 on T-cell subsets and Plasma IL-17 Concentrations in Patients with Aplastic Anaemia. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9075. [PMID: 28831064 PMCID: PMC5567260 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08699-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acquired aplastic anaemia (AA) is caused by T-cells migrating to and attacking bone marrow (BM) in response to chemokines (e.g., CXCR4). We investigated CXCR4 expressions on circulating T-cell subsets, plasma IL-17A concentrations, and their correlations with AA manifestations. We enrolled 71 patients with acquired AA (36 severe AA cases [SAA] and 35 non-severe AA cases [NSAA]) and 42 healthy volunteers. We used flow cytometry and ELISA to measure circulating CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells, their CXCR4 expressions, and plasma IL-17A concentrations. Compared to the healthy controls, SAA patients had fewer peripheral CD4+ T-cells, more CD8+ T-cells, and a significantly decreased CD4+/CD8+ ratio which was positively correlated with AA manifestations. Patients with SAA or NSAA had higher proportions of CD4+CXCR4+ and CD8+CXCR4+ T-cells, which were negatively correlated with haemoglobin concentrations and absolute neutrophil counts. Patients with SAA or NSAA had higher plasma IL-17A concentrations, which were negatively correlated with AA manifestations and the CD4+/CD8+ ratio. IL-17A concentrations showed a very week correlation with CD4+CXCR4+ T-cells frequencies, and no correlation with CD8+CXCR4+ T-cells frequencies. Aberrant CXCR4 expression may allow circulating T-cells, especially CD8+ T-cells, to infiltrate BM during AA progression. Elevated IL-17A concentrations may contribute to AA progression outside of the CXCR4-SDF-1α axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Niu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, The People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, The People's Republic of China
| | - Yumei Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, The People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, The People's Republic of China.
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24
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Cimadamore A, Scarpelli M, Piva F, Massari F, Gasparrini S, Doria A, Cheng L, Lopez-Beltran A, Montironi R. Activity of chemokines in prostate and renal tumors and their potential role as future therapeutic targets. Future Oncol 2017; 13:1105-1114. [PMID: 28147707 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2016-0481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are a class of low-molecular-weight proteins that induce chemotaxis and are implicated in the modulation of angiogenesis. The imbalance among angiogenic and antiangiogenic chemokines can promote the development of several conditions, including chronic inflammation, dysplastic transformation and cancer. In this review, we describe the activity and clinical significance of chemokines in prostate and renal tumors and provide an update on ongoing studies in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Cimadamore
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marina Scarpelli
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Piva
- Department of Specialist Clinical & Odontostomatological Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Gasparrini
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Doria
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Antonio Lopez-Beltran
- Department of Surgery & Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cordoba University Medical School, Cordoba, Spain.,Champalimaud Clinical Center, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rodolfo Montironi
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
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25
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Rezk AF, Kemp DM, El-Domyati M, El-Din WH, Lee JB, Uitto J, Igoucheva O, Alexeev V. Misbalanced CXCL12 and CCL5 Chemotactic Signals in Vitiligo Onset and Progression. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:1126-1134. [PMID: 28132854 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Generalized nonsegmental vitiligo is often associated with the activation of melanocyte-specific autoimmunity. Because chemokines play an important role in the maintenance of immune responses, we examined chemotactic signatures in cultured vitiligo melanocytes and skin samples of early (≤2 months) and advanced (≥6 months) vitiligo. Analysis showed that melanocytes in early lesions have altered expression of several chemotaxis-associated molecules, including elevated secretion of CXCL12 and CCL5. Higher levels of these chemokines coincided with prominent infiltration of the skin with antigen presenting cells (APCs) and T cells. Most of the intralesional APCs expressed the CD86 maturation marker and co-localized with T cells, particularly in early vitiligo lesions. These observations were confirmed by in vivo animal studies showing preferential recruitment of APCs and T cells to CXCL12- and CCL5-expressing transplanted melanocytes, immunotargeting of the chemokine-positive cells, continuous loss of the pigment-producing cells from the epidermis, and development of vitiligo-like lesions. Taken together, our studies show that melanocyte-derived CXCL12 and CCL5 support APC and T-cell recruitment, antigen acquisition, and T-cell activation in early vitiligo and reinforce the role of melanocyte-derived CXCL12 and CCL5 in activation of melanocyte-specific immunity and suggest inhibition of these chemotactic axes as a strategy for vitiligo stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed F Rezk
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Dermatology, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Daria Marley Kemp
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Jason B Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jouni Uitto
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Olga Igoucheva
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vitali Alexeev
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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26
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Natural killer cells in inflammatory heart disease. Clin Immunol 2016; 175:26-33. [PMID: 27894980 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite of a multitude of excellent studies, the regulatory role of natural killer (NK) cells in the pathogenesis of inflammatory cardiac disease is greatly underappreciated. Clinical abnormalities in the numbers and functions of NK cells are observed in myocarditis and inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMi) as well as in cardiac transplant rejection [1-6]. Because treatment of these disorders remains largely symptomatic in nature, patients have little options for targeted therapies [7,8]. However, blockade of NK cells and their receptors can protect against inflammation and damage in animal models of cardiac injury and inflammation. In these models, NK cells suppress the maturation and trafficking of inflammatory cells, alter the local cytokine and chemokine environments, and induce apoptosis in nearby resident and hematopoietic cells [1,9,10]. This review will dissect each protective mechanism employed by NK cells and explore how their properties might be exploited for their therapeutic potential.
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27
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Lambert C, Wu Y, Aanei C. Bone Marrow Immunity and Myelodysplasia. Front Oncol 2016; 6:172. [PMID: 27489795 PMCID: PMC4953538 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is characterized by an ineffective hematopoiesis with production of aberrant clones and a high cell apoptosis rate in bone marrow (BM). Macrophages are in charge of phagocytosis. Innate Immune cells and specific T cells are in charge of immunosurveillance. Little is known on BM cell recruitment and activity as BM aspirate is frequently contaminated with peripheral blood. But evidences suggest an active role of immune cells in protection against MDS and secondary leukemia. BM CD8+ CD28− CD57+ T cells are directly cytotoxic and have a distinct cytokine signature in MDS, producing TNF-α, IL-6, CCL3, CCL4, IL-1RA, TNFα, FAS-L, TRAIL, and so on. These tools promote apoptosis of aberrant cells. On the other hand, they also increase MDS-related cytopenia and myelofibrosis together with TGFβ. IL-32 produced by stromal cells amplifies NK cytotoxicity but also the vicious circle of TNFα production. Myeloid-derived suppressing cells (MDSC) are increased in MDS and have ambiguous role in protection/progression of the diseases. CD33 is expressed on hematopoietic stem cells on MDS and might be a potential target for biotherapy. MDS also has impact on immunity and can favor chronic inflammation and emergence of autoimmune disorders. BM is the site of hematopoiesis and thus contains a complex population of cells at different stages of differentiation from stem cells and early engaged precursors up to almost mature cells of each lineage including erythrocytes, megakaryocytes, myelo-monocytic cells (monocyte/macrophage and granulocytes), NK cells, and B cells. Monocytes and B cell finalize their maturation in peripheral tissues or lymph nodes after migration through the blood. On the other hand, T cells develop in thymus and are present in BM only as mature cells, just like other well vascularized tissues. BM precursors have a strong proliferative capacity, which is usually associated with a high risk for genetic errors, cell dysfunction, and consequent cell death. Abnormal cells are prone to destruction through spontaneous apoptosis or because of the immunosurveillance that needs to stay highly vigilant. High rates of proliferation or differentiation failures lead to a high rate of cell death and massive release of debris to be captured and destroyed (1). Numerous macrophages reside in BM in charge of home-keeping. They have a high capacity of phagocytosis required for clearing all these debris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Lambert
- Immunology Laboratory, Pole de Biologie-Pathologie, University Hospital of St Etienne , St Etienne , France
| | - Yuenv Wu
- Haematology Laboratory, Pole de Biologie-Pathologie, University Hospital of St Etienne , St Etienne , France
| | - Carmen Aanei
- Haematology Laboratory, Pole de Biologie-Pathologie, University Hospital of St Etienne , St Etienne , France
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28
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Maciejewski-Duval A, Meuris F, Bignon A, Aknin ML, Balabanian K, Faivre L, Pasquet M, Barlogis V, Fieschi C, Bellanné-Chantelot C, Donadieu J, Schlecht-Louf G, Marin-Esteban V, Bachelerie F. Altered chemotactic response to CXCL12 in patients carrying GATA2 mutations. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 99:1065-76. [PMID: 26710799 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.5ma0815-388r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
GATA2 deficiency-formerly described as MonoMAC syndrome; dendritic cells, monocytes, B cells, and natural killer cell deficiency; familial myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myeloid leukemia; or Emberger syndrome-encompasses a range of hematologic and nonhematologic anomalies, mainly characterized by monocytopenia, B lymphopenia, natural killer cell cytopenia, neutropenia, immunodeficiency, and a high risk of developing acute myeloid leukemia. Herein, we present 7 patients with GATA2 deficiency recruited into the French Severe Chronic Neutropenia Registry, which enrolls patients with all kinds of congenital neutropenia. We performed extended immunophenotyping of their whole blood lymphocyte populations, together with the analysis of their chemotactic responses. Lymphopenia was recorded for B and CD4(+) T cells in 6 patients. Although only 3 patients displayed natural killer cell cytopenia, the CD56(bright) natural killer subpopulation was nearly absent in all 7 patients. Natural killer cells from 6 patients showed decreased CXCL12/CXCR4-dependent chemotaxis, whereas other lymphocytes, and most significantly B lymphocytes, displayed enhanced CXCL12-induced chemotaxis compared with healthy volunteers. Surface expression of CXCR4 was significantly diminished in the patients' natural killer cells, although the total expression of the receptor was found to be equivalent to that of natural killer cells from healthy individual controls. Together, these data reveal that GATA2 deficiency is associated with impaired membrane expression and chemotactic dysfunctions of CXCR4. These dysfunctions may contribute to the physiopathology of this deficiency by affecting the normal distribution of lymphocytes and thus potentially affecting the susceptibility of patients to associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maciejewski-Duval
- UMR996 - Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology, Inserm, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart, France
| | - Floriane Meuris
- UMR996 - Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology, Inserm, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart, France
| | - Alexandre Bignon
- UMR996 - Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology, Inserm, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart, France
| | - Marie-Laure Aknin
- US31-UMS3679 -Plateforme PLAIMMO, Institut Paris-Saclay d'Innovation Thérapeutique (IPSIT), INSERM, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart, France
| | - Karl Balabanian
- UMR996 - Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology, Inserm, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart, France
| | - Laurence Faivre
- Génétique et Anomalies du Développement, EA4271, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France and FHU TRANSLAD, Département de Génétique, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Marlène Pasquet
- Département d'Hématologie du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Toulouse Purpan and INSERM, CRCT, IUCT-Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Vincent Barlogis
- Service d'Hématologie Pédiatrique, Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital Timone Enfants, Marseille, France
| | - Claire Fieschi
- Département d'Immunologie Clinique, Hôpital Saint Louis and Université Denis Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Christine Bellanné-Chantelot
- US31-UMS3679 -Plateforme PLAIMMO, Institut Paris-Saclay d'Innovation Thérapeutique (IPSIT), INSERM, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart, France
| | - Jean Donadieu
- UMR996 - Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology, Inserm, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart, France; UMR996 - Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology, Inserm, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart, France
| | - Géraldine Schlecht-Louf
- UMR996 - Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology, Inserm, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart, France
| | - Viviana Marin-Esteban
- UMR996 - Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology, Inserm, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart, France;
| | - Françoise Bachelerie
- UMR996 - Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology, Inserm, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart, France;
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29
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Roeven MWH, Thordardottir S, Kohela A, Maas F, Preijers F, Jansen JH, Blijlevens NM, Cany J, Schaap N, Dolstra H. The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Antagonist StemRegenin1 Improves In Vitro Generation of Highly Functional Natural Killer Cells from CD34(+) Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:2886-98. [PMID: 26414401 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Early natural killer (NK)-cell repopulation after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) has been associated with reduced relapse rates without an increased risk of graft-versus-host disease, indicating that donor NK cells have specific antileukemic activity. Therefore, adoptive transfer of donor NK cells is an attractive strategy to reduce relapse rates after allo-SCT. Since NK cells of donor origin will not be rejected, multiple NK-cell infusions could be administered in this setting. However, isolation of high numbers of functional NK cells from transplant donors is challenging. Hence, we developed a cytokine-based ex vivo culture protocol to generate high numbers of functional NK cells from granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-mobilized CD34(+) hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). In this study, we demonstrate that addition of aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonist StemRegenin1 (SR1) to our culture protocol potently enhances expansion of CD34(+) HSPCs and induces expression of NK-cell-associated transcription factors promoting NK-cell differentiation. As a result, high numbers of NK cells with an active phenotype can be generated using this culture protocol. These SR1-generated NK cells exert efficient cytolytic activity and interferon-γ production toward acute myeloid leukemia and multiple myeloma cells. Importantly, we observed that NK-cell proliferation and function are not inhibited by cyclosporin A, an immunosuppressive drug often used after allo-SCT. These findings demonstrate that SR1 can be exploited to generate high numbers of functional NK cells from G-CSF-mobilized CD34(+) HSPCs, providing great promise for effective NK-cell-based immunotherapy after allo-SCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieke W H Roeven
- 1 Department of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen, the Netherlands .,2 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Soley Thordardottir
- 2 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Arwa Kohela
- 2 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Frans Maas
- 2 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Frank Preijers
- 2 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Joop H Jansen
- 2 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Nicole M Blijlevens
- 1 Department of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jeannette Cany
- 2 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Nicolaas Schaap
- 1 Department of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Harry Dolstra
- 2 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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30
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Mehling M, Burgener AV, Brinkmann V, Bantug GR, Dimeloe S, Hoenger G, Kappos L, Hess C. Tissue Distribution Dynamics of Human NK Cells Inferred from Peripheral Blood Depletion Kinetics after Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor Blockade. Scand J Immunol 2015; 82:460-6. [DOI: 10.1111/sji.12347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Mehling
- Immunobiology Laboratory/Department of Biomedicine and Medical Outpatient Division; University Hospital Basel; Basel Switzerland
- Department of Neurology; University Hospital Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - A.-V. Burgener
- Immunobiology Laboratory/Department of Biomedicine and Medical Outpatient Division; University Hospital Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - V. Brinkmann
- Department of Autoimmunity, Transplantation & Inflammation; Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Basel Switzerland
| | - G. R. Bantug
- Immunobiology Laboratory/Department of Biomedicine and Medical Outpatient Division; University Hospital Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - S. Dimeloe
- Immunobiology Laboratory/Department of Biomedicine and Medical Outpatient Division; University Hospital Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - G. Hoenger
- Immunobiology Laboratory/Department of Biomedicine and Medical Outpatient Division; University Hospital Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - L. Kappos
- Department of Neurology; University Hospital Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - C. Hess
- Immunobiology Laboratory/Department of Biomedicine and Medical Outpatient Division; University Hospital Basel; Basel Switzerland
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CXCR4 expression on pathogenic T cells facilitates their bone marrow infiltration in a mouse model of aplastic anemia. Blood 2015; 125:2087-94. [PMID: 25647836 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-08-594796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aplastic anemia (AA) is a disease characterized by T-cell-mediated destruction of bone marrow (BM) hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Physiologically, T cells migrate to the BM in response to chemokines, such as SDF-1α, the ligand for CXCR4. However, how T cells traffic to the BM in AA is poorly understood. CXCR4 is aberrantly expressed in immune-mediated diseases and its regulation by nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in cancer models is well documented. In this study, we show that CXCR4 is highly expressed on BM-infiltrating CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in a mouse model of AA. Inhibiting CXCR4 in AA mice, using CXCR4(-/-) splenocytes or AMD3100, significantly reduced BM infiltration of T cells. We also report that NF-κB occupancy at the CXCR4 promoter is enhanced in BM-infiltrating CD8(+) T cells of AA mice. Moreover, inhibiting NF-κB signaling in AA mice using Bay11 or dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin, or transferring p50(-/-) splenocytes, decreased CXCR4 expression on CD8(+) T cells, significantly reduced BM infiltration of T cells, and strongly attenuated disease symptoms. Remarkably, therapeutic administration of Bay11 significantly extended survival of AA mice. Overall, we demonstrate that CXCR4 mediates migration of pathogenic T cells to the BM in AA mice, and inhibiting NF-κB signaling may represent a novel therapeutic approach to treating AA.
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Wennerberg E, Kremer V, Childs R, Lundqvist A. CXCL10-induced migration of adoptively transferred human natural killer cells toward solid tumors causes regression of tumor growth in vivo. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2015; 64:225-35. [PMID: 25344904 PMCID: PMC11028951 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-014-1629-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive infusion of natural killer (NK) cells is being increasingly explored as a therapy in patients with cancer, although clinical responses are thus far limited to patients with hematological malignancies. Inadequate homing of infused NK cells to the tumor site represents a key factor that may explain the poor anti-tumor effect of NK cell therapy against solid tumors. One of the major players in the regulation of lymphocyte chemotaxis is the chemokine receptor chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 3 (CXCR3) which is expressed on activated NK cells and induces NK cell migration toward gradients of the chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL9, 10 and 11). Here, we show that ex vivo expansion of human NK cells results in a tenfold increased expression of the CXCR3 receptor compared with resting NK cells (p = 0.04). Consequently, these NK cells displayed an improved migratory capacity toward solid tumors, which was dependent on tumor-derived CXCL10. In xenograft models, adoptively transferred NK cells showed increased migration toward CXCL10-transfected melanoma tumors compared with CXCL10-negative wild-type tumors, resulting in significantly reduced tumor burden and increased survival (median survival 41 vs. 32 days, p = 0.03). Furthermore, administration of interferon-gamma locally in the tumor stimulated the production of CXCL10 in subcutaneous melanoma tumors resulting in increased infiltration of adoptively transferred CXCR3-positive expanded NK cells. Our findings demonstrate the importance of CXCL10-induced chemoattraction in the anti-tumor response of adoptively transferred expanded NK cells against solid melanoma tumors.
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MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Animals
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/administration & dosage
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement
- Chemokine CXCL10/immunology
- Chemokine CXCL10/metabolism
- Chemokines, CXC/immunology
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/drug effects
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Doxorubicin/administration & dosage
- Doxorubicin/pharmacology
- Humans
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive
- Interferon-gamma/administration & dosage
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Interferon-gamma/pharmacology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Neoplasms/metabolism
- Neoplasms/mortality
- Neoplasms/pathology
- Neoplasms/therapy
- Receptors, CXCR3/metabolism
- Treatment Outcome
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- Tumor Burden/immunology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Wennerberg
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, R8:01, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Veronika Kremer
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, R8:01, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Richard Childs
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Andreas Lundqvist
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, R8:01, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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Inhibition of Akt signaling promotes the generation of superior tumor-reactive T cells for adoptive immunotherapy. Blood 2014; 124:3490-500. [PMID: 25336630 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-05-578583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective T-cell therapy against cancer is dependent on the formation of long-lived, stem cell-like T cells with the ability to self-renew and differentiate into potent effector cells. Here, we investigated the in vivo existence of stem cell-like antigen-specific T cells in allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) patients and their ex vivo generation for additive treatment posttransplant. Early after allo-SCT, CD8+ stem cell memory T cells targeting minor histocompatibility antigens (MiHAs) expressed by recipient tumor cells were not detectable, emphasizing the need for improved additive MiHA-specific T-cell therapy. Importantly, MiHA-specific CD8+ T cells with an early CCR7+CD62L+CD45RO+CD27+CD28+CD95+ memory-like phenotype and gene signature could be expanded from naive precursors by inhibiting Akt signaling during ex vivo priming and expansion. This resulted in a MiHA-specific CD8+ T-cell population containing a high proportion of stem cell-like T cells compared with terminal differentiated effector T cells in control cultures. Importantly, these Akt-inhibited MiHA-specific CD8+ T cells showed a superior expansion capacity in vitro and in immunodeficient mice and induced a superior antitumor effect in intrafemural multiple myeloma-bearing mice. These findings provide a rationale for clinical exploitation of ex vivo-generated Akt-inhibited MiHA-specific CD8+ T cells in additive immunotherapy to prevent or treat relapse in allo-SCT patients.
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Deng C, Qin A, Zhao W, Feng T, Shi C, Liu T. Up-regulation of CXCR4 in rat umbilical mesenchymal stem cells induced by serum from rat with acute liver failure promotes stem cells migration to injured liver tissue. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 396:107-16. [PMID: 25098450 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2147-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The role of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) in umbilical mesenchymal stem cells (UMSCs) as therapy for liver disease is ill understood. The aim of the study was to evaluate rat UMSCs (rUMSCs) on CXCR4 expression and homing to injured liver tissue. rUMSCs were isolated from umbilical cords of pregnant rats. Acute liver failure (ALF) models were developed using D-galactosamine. CXCR4 expression induction by serum from rats with ALF (LFS), cytokines, growth factors, and LPS was analyzed. CXCR4 expression was analyzed by RT-PCR, western blot, and flow cytometry. rUMSCs were labeled with carboxyfluorescein and pretreated with LFS to induce CXCR4 expression and were transplanted into ALF rats. Animals were sacrificed 48 h and 1 week after transplantation. Liver-homing rUMSCs were observed under fluorescence microscopy. rUMSCs were successfully isolated, expressing CD90 and CD106, but not CD34 and CD45. mRNA and protein expressions of CXCR4 were strongly up-regulated by LFS and by the mixture of cytokines, stem cell factor, and LPS (CM). Expression of cell surface CXCR4 on rUMSCs in groups treated with LFS (42.37 ± 1.60 %) and CM (40.17 ± 1.78 %) was higher than that in the untreated control group (9.67 ± 1.06 %) (both P < 0.001). At 48 h after transplantation, more rUMSCs pretreated with LFS appeared in the portal area, and migrated to the liver parenchyma after 1 week. LFS strongly induced the surface expression of CXCR4 on rUMSCs. Increasing CXCR4 expression on rUMSCs may enhance their homing ability to injured liver tissue, and may eventually be used for treating liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Hospital Affiliated to Suzhou University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
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Mahmood S, Nandagopal S, Sow I, Lin F, Kung SKP. Microfluidic-based, live-cell analysis allows assessment of NK-cell migration in response to crosstalk with dendritic cells. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:2737-48. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201344244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Mahmood
- Department of Immunology; University of Manitoba; Winnipeg MB Canada
| | - Saravanan Nandagopal
- Department of Immunology; University of Manitoba; Winnipeg MB Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of Manitoba; Winnipeg MB Canada
- Department of Biosystems Engineering; University of Manitoba; Winnipeg MB Canada
| | - Ibrahim Sow
- Department of Immunology; University of Manitoba; Winnipeg MB Canada
| | - Francis Lin
- Department of Immunology; University of Manitoba; Winnipeg MB Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of Manitoba; Winnipeg MB Canada
- Department of Biosystems Engineering; University of Manitoba; Winnipeg MB Canada
| | - Sam K. P. Kung
- Department of Immunology; University of Manitoba; Winnipeg MB Canada
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36
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NK Cell Trafficking in Health and Autoimmunity:A Comprehensive Review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2013; 47:119-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s12016-013-8400-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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37
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Yamin R, Kaynan NS, Glasner A, Vitenshtein A, Tsukerman P, Bauman Y, Ophir Y, Elias S, Bar-On Y, Gur C, Mandelboim O. The viral KSHV chemokine vMIP-II inhibits the migration of Naive and activated human NK cells by antagonizing two distinct chemokine receptors. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003568. [PMID: 23966863 PMCID: PMC3744409 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune cells able to rapidly kill virus-infected and tumor cells. Two NK cell populations are found in the blood; the majority (90%) expresses the CD16 receptor and also express the CD56 protein in intermediate levels (CD56Dim CD16Pos) while the remaining 10% are CD16 negative and express CD56 in high levels (CD56Bright CD16Neg). NK cells also reside in some tissues and traffic to various infected organs through the usage of different chemokines and chemokine receptors. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is a human virus that has developed numerous sophisticated and versatile strategies to escape the attack of immune cells such as NK cells. Here, we investigate whether the KSHV derived cytokine (vIL-6) and chemokines (vMIP-I, vMIP-II, vMIP-III) affect NK cell activity. Using transwell migration assays, KSHV infected cells, as well as fusion and recombinant proteins, we show that out of the four cytokine/chemokines encoded by KSHV, vMIP-II is the only one that binds to the majority of NK cells, affecting their migration. We demonstrate that vMIP-II binds to two different receptors, CX3CR1 and CCR5, expressed by naïve CD56Dim CD16Pos NK cells and activated NK cells, respectively. Furthermore, we show that the binding of vMIP-II to CX3CR1 and CCR5 blocks the binding of the natural ligands of these receptors, Fractalkine (Fck) and RANTES, respectively. Finally, we show that vMIP-II inhibits the migration of naïve and activated NK cells towards Fck and RANTES. Thus, we present here a novel mechanism in which KSHV uses a unique protein that antagonizes the activity of two distinct chemokine receptors to inhibit the migration of naïve and activated NK cells. NK cells belong to the innate immune system, able to rapidly kill tumors and various pathogens. They reside in the blood and in various tissues and traffic to different infected organs through the usage of different chemokines and chemokine receptors. KSHV is a master of immune evasion, and around a quarter of the KSHV encoded genes are dedicated to interfere with immune cell recognition. Here, we investigate the role played by the KSHV derived cytokine and chemokines (vIL-6, vMIP-I, vMIP-II, vMIP-III) in modulating NK cell activity. We show that vMIP-II binds and inhibits the activity of two different receptors, CX3CR1 and CCR5, expressed by naïve NK cells and by activated NK cells, respectively. Thus, we demonstrate here a novel mechanism in which KSHV uses a unique protein that antagonizes the activity of two distinct chemokine receptors to inhibit the migration of naïve and activated NK cells.
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MESH Headings
- Anti-HIV Agents/pharmacology
- CCR5 Receptor Antagonists
- CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemokine CCL5/metabolism
- Chemokine CX3CL1/metabolism
- Chemokines/pharmacology
- Cytokines/genetics
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Herpesvirus 8, Human/chemistry
- Humans
- Immunoblotting
- Interleukin-6
- Killer Cells, Natural/cytology
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptors, CCR5/genetics
- Receptors, CCR5/metabolism
- Receptors, Chemokine/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Chemokine/genetics
- Receptors, Chemokine/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Yamin
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel Canada of the Faculty of Medicine (IMRIC), The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Noa S. Kaynan
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel Canada of the Faculty of Medicine (IMRIC), The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ariella Glasner
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel Canada of the Faculty of Medicine (IMRIC), The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alon Vitenshtein
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel Canada of the Faculty of Medicine (IMRIC), The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Pinchas Tsukerman
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel Canada of the Faculty of Medicine (IMRIC), The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yoav Bauman
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel Canada of the Faculty of Medicine (IMRIC), The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yael Ophir
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel Canada of the Faculty of Medicine (IMRIC), The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shlomo Elias
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel Canada of the Faculty of Medicine (IMRIC), The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yotam Bar-On
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel Canada of the Faculty of Medicine (IMRIC), The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Chamutal Gur
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel Canada of the Faculty of Medicine (IMRIC), The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ofer Mandelboim
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel Canada of the Faculty of Medicine (IMRIC), The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
- * E-mail:
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38
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Cany J, van der Waart AB, Tordoir M, Franssen GM, Hangalapura BN, de Vries J, Boerman O, Schaap N, van der Voort R, Spanholtz J, Dolstra H. Natural killer cells generated from cord blood hematopoietic progenitor cells efficiently target bone marrow-residing human leukemia cells in NOD/SCID/IL2Rg(null) mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64384. [PMID: 23755121 PMCID: PMC3673996 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cell-based adoptive immunotherapy is an attractive adjuvant treatment option for patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Recently, we reported a clinical-grade, cytokine-based culture method for the generation of NK cells from umbilical cord blood (UCB) CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells with high yield, purity and in vitro functionality. The present study was designed to evaluate the in vivo anti-leukemic potential of UCB-NK cells generated with our GMP-compliant culture system in terms of biodistribution, survival and cytolytic activity following adoptive transfer in immunodeficient NOD/SCID/IL2Rgnull mice. Using single photon emission computed tomography, we first demonstrated active migration of UCB-NK cells to bone marrow, spleen and liver within 24 h after infusion. Analysis of the chemokine receptor expression profile of UCB-NK cells matched in vivo findings. Particularly, a firm proportion of UCB-NK cells functionally expressed CXCR4, what could trigger BM homing in response to its ligand CXCL12. In addition, high expression of CXCR3 and CCR6 supported the capacity of UCB-NK cells to migrate to inflamed tissues via the CXCR3/CXCL10-11 and CCR6/CCL20 axis. Thereafter, we showed that low dose IL-15 mediates efficient survival, expansion and maturation of UCB-NK cells in vivo. Most importantly, we demonstrate that a single UCB-NK cell infusion combined with supportive IL-15 administration efficiently inhibited growth of human leukemia cells implanted in the femur of mice, resulting in significant prolongation of mice survival. These preclinical studies strongly support the therapeutic potential of ex vivo-generated UCB-NK cells in the treatment of myeloid leukemia after immunosuppressive chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannette Cany
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre-RUNMC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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39
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Castriconi R, Dondero A, Bellora F, Moretta L, Castellano A, Locatelli F, Corrias MV, Moretta A, Bottino C. Neuroblastoma-derived TGF-β1 modulates the chemokine receptor repertoire of human resting NK cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:5321-8. [PMID: 23576682 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we show that neuroblastoma (NB) cell conditioning affects the chemokine receptor repertoire of human resting NK cells. In particular, NB cells upregulated the expression of CXCR4 and CXCR3 in all NK cells and downregulated CX3CR1 in the CD56(dim) subset. On the contrary, the expression of CXCR1 and CCR7 remained unaltered. The phenomenon was dependent on the release by NB cells of TGF-β1, and rTGF-β1 induced a chemokine receptor repertoire identical to that of NB-conditioned NK cells. The immune modulatory role of TGF-β1 appears to be dose dependent because low amounts of the cytokine were sufficient to modulate CXCR4 and CX3CR1 expression, intermediate amounts modified that of CXCR3, and high amounts were necessary to downregulate the expression of the NKp30 activating receptor. Notably, a similar receptor modulation was observed in rTGF-β2-conditioned NK cells. Finally, the analysis of NK cells from patients with stage 4 NB suggests that NB conditioning could exert in vivo an immune modulatory effect resembling that emerged from in vitro experiments. Altogether our data propose a novel tumor escape-mechanism based on the modulation of chemokine receptors that play pivotal roles in NK cells bone marrow homing, egress, or recruitment into peripheral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Castriconi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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40
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Abstract
Organs such as the liver, uterus and lung possess hallmark immunotolerant features, making these organs important for sustaining self-homeostasis. These organs contain a relatively large amount of negative regulatory immune cells, which are believed to take part in the regulation of immune responses. Because natural killer cells constitute a large proportion of all lymphocytes in these organs, increasing attention has been given to the roles that these cells play in maintaining immunotolerance. Here, we review the distribution, differentiation, phenotypic features and functional features of natural killer cells in these immunotolerant organs, in addition to the influence of local microenvironments on these cells and how these factors contribute to organ-specific diseases.
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41
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Bernardini G, Sciumè G, Santoni A. Differential chemotactic receptor requirements for NK cell subset trafficking into bone marrow. Front Immunol 2013; 4:12. [PMID: 23386850 PMCID: PMC3558687 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Responsiveness of maturing natural killer (NK) cells to chemotactic molecules directly affect their retention and relocation in selected bone marrow (BM) microenvironment during development, as well as their localization at sites of immune response during inflammatory diseases. BM is the main site of NK cell generation, providing microenvironmental signals required to sustain cell proliferation and differentiation. Drastic changes of expression and function of several chemoattractant receptors can be observed during progression from precursor NK cells to immature and mature NK cells. Indeed, the gradual decrease of CXCR4 expression parallels the increased expression of CXCR3, CCR1, and CX3CR1 and S1P5 (Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 5) on mature DX5+ NK cells. The chemokine CXCL12 is produced constitutively in the BM and, acting via CXCR4, is critical for retaining immature and mature NK cell subsets in the BM. During steady-state, the maintenance of NK cells into BM parenchyma depends on the equilibrium of CXCR4 retention and S1P5 mobilizing functions, as the gradient of S1P coming from the sinusoids facilitates mature NK cell egress into circulation via S1P5, when CXCR4/CXCL12-mediated retention decreases. Chemoattractants are also key factors for the response to inflammatory or infection conditions that promote mobilization of effector NK cells from storage compartments (including BM) to sites of disease or for NK cell recruitment/response during pathological conditions that affect BM integrity, including hematopoietic malignancies. In this review, we summarize what is known about the requirement for NK cell localization and exit from BM and how chemokine-mediated functions may affect BM NK cell development and immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Bernardini
- Laboratory of Immunology and Immunopathology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, "Sapienza" Università di Roma Rome, Italy
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42
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Luevano M, Daryouzeh M, Alnabhan R, Querol S, Khakoo S, Madrigal A, Saudemont A. The unique profile of cord blood natural killer cells balances incomplete maturation and effective killing function upon activation. Hum Immunol 2012; 73:248-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2011.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Revised: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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43
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Moustaki A, Argyropoulos KV, Baxevanis CN, Papamichail M, Perez SA. Effect of the simultaneous administration of glucocorticoids and IL-15 on human NK cell phenotype, proliferation and function. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2011; 60:1683-95. [PMID: 21706285 PMCID: PMC11029608 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-011-1067-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We have previously reported a synergistic effect between hydrocortisone (HC) and IL-15 on promoting natural killer (NK) cell expansion and function. In the present study, we extend our findings to methylprednisolone (MeP) and dexamethasone (Dex), thus ascribing to glucocorticoids (GCs) a general feature as positive regulators of IL-15-mediated effects on NK cells. We demonstrate that each GC when combined with IL-15 in cultures of peripheral blood (PB)-derived CD56(+) cells induces increased expansion of CD56(+)CD3(-) cells displaying high cytolytic activity, IFN-γ production potential and activating receptor expression, including NKp30, NKp44, NKp46, 2B4, NKG2D and DNAM-1. Furthermore, GCs protected NK cells from IL-15-induced cell death. The combination of IL-15 with GCs favored the expansion of a relatively more immature CD16(low/neg) NK cell population, with high expression of NKG2A and CD94, and significantly lower expression of KIR (CD158a and CD158b) and CD57, compared to IL-15 alone. IL-15-expanded NK cells, in the presence or absence of GCs, did not express CD62L, CXCR1 or CCR7. However, the presence of GCs significantly increased the density of CXCR3 and induced strong CXCR4 expression on the surface of NK cells. Our data indicate that IL-15/GC-expanded NK cells, apart from their increased proliferation rate, retain their functional integrity and exhibit a migratory potential rendering them useful for adoptive transfer in NK cell-based cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardiana Moustaki
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 171 Alexandras Avenue, 11522 Athens, Greece
| | - Kimon V. Argyropoulos
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 171 Alexandras Avenue, 11522 Athens, Greece
| | - Constantin N. Baxevanis
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 171 Alexandras Avenue, 11522 Athens, Greece
| | - Michael Papamichail
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 171 Alexandras Avenue, 11522 Athens, Greece
| | - Sonia A. Perez
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 171 Alexandras Avenue, 11522 Athens, Greece
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44
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Abstract
During development, natural killer (NK) cells exit the BM to reach the blood. CXCR4 retains NK cells in the BM, whereas the sphingosine-1 phosphate receptor 5 (S1P5) promotes their exit from this organ. However, how the action of these receptors is coordinated to preserve NK-cell development in the BM parenchyma while providing mature NK cells at the periphery is unclear. The role of CXCR4 and S1P5 in NK-cell recirculation at the periphery is also unknown. In the present study, we show that, during NK-cell differentiation, CXCR4 expression decreases whereas S1P5 expression increases, thus favoring the exit of mature NK cells via BM sinusoids. Using S1P5(-/-) mice and a new knockin mouse model in which CXCR4 cannot be desensitized (a mouse model of warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infections, and myelokathexis [WHIM] syndrome), we demonstrate that NK-cell exit from the BM requires both CXCR4 desensitization and S1P5 engagement. These 2 signals occur independently of each other: CXCR4 desensitization is not induced by S1P5 engagement and vice versa. Once in the blood, the S1P concentration increases and S1P5 responsiveness decreases. This responsiveness is recovered in the lymph nodes to allow NK-cell exit via lymphatics in a CXCR4-independent manner. Therefore, coordinated changes in CXCR4 and S1P5 responsiveness govern NK-cell trafficking.
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45
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Keeley EC, Mehrad B, Strieter RM. Chemokines as mediators of tumor angiogenesis and neovascularization. Exp Cell Res 2010; 317:685-90. [PMID: 21040721 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2010.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines are a superfamily of structurally homologous heparin-binding proteins that influence tumor growth and metastasis. Several members of the CXC and CC chemokine families are potent inducers of neovascularization, whereas a subset of the CXC chemokines are potent inhibitors. In this paper, we review the current literature regarding the role of chemokines as mediators of tumor angiogenesis and neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen C Keeley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Williams SA, Harata-Lee Y, Comerford I, Anderson RL, Smyth MJ, McColl SR. Multiple functions of CXCL12 in a syngeneic model of breast cancer. Mol Cancer 2010; 9:250. [PMID: 20849618 PMCID: PMC3098012 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-9-250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2010] [Accepted: 09/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A growing body of work implicates chemokines, in particular CXCL12 and its receptors, in the progression and site-specific metastasis of various cancers, including breast cancer. Various agents have been used to block the CXCL12-CXCR4 interaction as a means of inhibiting cancer metastasis. However, as a potent chemotactic factor for leukocytes, CXCL12 also has the potential to enhance anti-cancer immunity. To further elucidate its role in breast cancer progression, CXCL12 and its antagonist CXCL12(P2G) were overexpressed in the syngeneic 4T1.2 mouse model of breast carcinoma. Results While expression of CXCL12(P2G) significantly inhibited metastasis, expression of wild-type CXCL12 potently inhibited both metastasis and primary tumor growth. The effects of wild-type CXCL12 were attributed to an immune response characterized by the induction of CD8+ T cell activity, enhanced cell-mediated cytotoxicity, increased numbers of CD11c+ cells in the tumor-draining lymph nodes and reduced accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the spleen. Conclusions This study highlights the need to consider carefully therapeutic strategies that block CXCL12 signaling. Therapies that boost CXCL12 levels at the primary tumor site may prove more effective in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon A Williams
- School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Moroso V, Metselaar HJ, Mancham S, Tilanus HW, Eissens D, van der Meer A, van der Laan LJW, Kuipers EJ, Joosten I, Kwekkeboom J. Liver grafts contain a unique subset of natural killer cells that are transferred into the recipient after liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2010; 16:895-908. [PMID: 20583081 DOI: 10.1002/lt.22080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to other solid organ transplantations, liver grafts have tolerogenic properties. Animal models indicate that donor leukocytes transferred into the recipient after liver transplantation (LTX) play a relevant role in this tolerogenic phenomenon. However, the specific donor cell types involved in modulation of the recipient alloresponse are not yet defined. We hypothesized that this unique property of liver grafts may be related to their high content of organ-specific natural killer (NK) and CD56(+) T cells. Here, we show that a high proportion of hepatic NK cells that detach from human liver grafts during pretransplant perfusion belong to the CD56bright subset, and are in an activated state (CD69(+)). Liver NK cells contained perforin and granzymes, exerted stronger cytotoxicity against K562 target cells when compared with blood NK cells, and secreted interferon-gamma, but no interleukin-10 or T helper 2 cytokines, upon stimulation with monokines. Interestingly, whereas the CD56bright subset is classically considered as noncytolytic, liver CD56bright NK cells showed a high content of cytolytic molecules and degranulated in response to K562 cells. After LTX, but not after renal transplantation, significant numbers of donor CD56dim NK and CD56(+) T cells were detected in the recipient circulation for approximately 2 weeks. In conclusion, during clinical LTX, activated and highly cytotoxic NK cells of donor origin are transferred into the recipient, and a subset of them mixes with the recirculating recipient NK cell pool. The unique properties of the transferred hepatic NK cells may enable them to play a role in regulating the immunological response of the recipient against the graft and therefore contribute to liver tolerogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Moroso
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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The PD-1/PD-L1 axis modulates the natural killer cell versus multiple myeloma effect: a therapeutic target for CT-011, a novel monoclonal anti-PD-1 antibody. Blood 2010; 116:2286-94. [PMID: 20460501 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-02-271874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 645] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell expression of programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) down-regulates the immune response against malignancy by interacting with cognate ligands (eg, PD-L1) on tumor cells; however, little is known regarding PD-1 and natural killer (NK) cells. NK cells exert cytotoxicity against multiple myeloma (MM), an effect enhanced through novel therapies. We show that NK cells from MM patients express PD-1 whereas normal NK cells do not and confirm PD-L1 on primary MM cells. Engagement of PD-1 with PD-L1 should down-modulate the NK-cell versus MM effect. We demonstrate that CT-011, a novel anti-PD-1 antibody, enhances human NK-cell function against autologous, primary MM cells, seemingly through effects on NK-cell trafficking, immune complex formation with MM cells, and cytotoxicity specifically toward PD-L1(+) MM tumor cells but not normal cells. We show that lenalidomide down-regulates PD-L1 on primary MM cells and may augment CT-011's enhancement of NK-cell function against MM. We demonstrate a role for the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling axis in the NK-cell immune response against MM and a role for CT-011 in enhancing the NK-cell versus MM effect. A phase 2 clinical trial of CT-011 in combination with lenalidomide for patients with MM should be considered.
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CD16- natural killer cells: enrichment in mucosal and secondary lymphoid tissues and altered function during chronic SIV infection. Blood 2010; 115:4439-46. [PMID: 20339088 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-01-265595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells contribute to control of HIV/SIV infection. We defined macaque NK-cell subsets based on expression of CD56 and CD16 and found their distribution to be highly disparate. CD16(+) NK cells predominated in peripheral blood, whereas most mucosal NK cells were CD56(+), and lymph nodes contained both CD56(+) and CD16(-)CD56(-) (double-negative [DN]) subsets. Functional profiles were also distinct among subsets--CD16(+) NK cells expressed high levels of cytolytic molecules, and CD56(+) NK cells were predominantly cytokine-secreting cells, whereas DN NK possessed both functions. In macaques chronically infected with SIV, circulating CD16(+) and DN NK cells were expanded in number and, although markers of cytoxicity increased, cytokine secretion decreased. Notably, CD56(+) NK cells in SIV-infected animals up-regulated perforin, granzyme B, and CD107a. In contrast, the lymph node-homing molecules CD62 ligand (CD62L) and C-C chemokine receptor type 7 (CCR7), which are expressed primarily on CD56(+) and DN NK cells, were significantly down-regulated on NK cells from infected animals. These data demonstrate that SIV infection drives a shift in NK-cell function characterized by decreased cytokine production, expanded cytotoxicity, and trafficking away from secondary lymphoid organs, suggesting that the NK-cell repertoire is not only heterogeneous but also plastic.
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The localization and migration of natural killer cells in health and disease. NATURAL KILLER CELLS 2010. [PMCID: PMC7150348 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-370454-2.00010-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells comprise a finite lymphocyte lineage with distinctive gene expression patterns. Natural killer (NK) cells develop in the bone marrow (BM) and are not static but populate secondary and primary lymphoid organs. A unique feature of NK cells is their expression of activating and inhibitory receptors, which allow them to respond either when ligands for activating receptors are upregulated or when ligands for inhibitory receptors are downregulated. The unique transcriptome of NK cells renders them capable of protecting the host from a vast array of disease states. Their undisputed importance in host protection is conferred by their ability to eliminate unhealthy cells. However, in order for NK cells to exert their effects, they need to be strategically located at the right places. This chapter provides an overview of the current understanding of the localization of NK cell populations and their ability to migrate in response to homeostatic and pathological conditions. NK cells develop in the BM, which they exit using specific molecular interactions. Exit from the BM is followed by localization to a number of tissues, including secondary lymphoid organs. Within each tissue, NK cells often acquire unique function and phenotype that is regulated by the local microenvironment. Their localization is primarily directed by the action of chemokines and therefore is in tight association with the activation status of the organism. Changes in chemokine expression during disease results in further NK cell mobilization and allows them to protect the host from infection and malignancy. Thus, from their time of production until their end, NK cells travel exhaustively over long distances and visit places that influence their already dynamic life.
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