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Voßen S, Xerxa E, Bajorath J. Assessing Darkness of the Human Kinome from a Medicinal Chemistry Perspective. J Med Chem 2024; 67:17919-17928. [PMID: 39320975 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c01992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
In drug discovery, human protein kinases (PKs) represent one of the major target classes due to their central role in cellular signaling, implication in various diseases as a consequence of deregulated signaling, and notable druggability. Individual PKs and their disease biology have been explored to different degrees, giving rise to heterogeneous functional knowledge and disease associations across the human kinome. The U.S. National Institutes of Health previously designated 162 understudied ("dark") human PKs and lipid kinases due to the lack of functional annotations and high-quality molecular probes for functional investigations. Given the large volumes of available PK inhibitors (PKIs) and activity data, we have systematically analyzed the distribution of PKIs and associated data at different confidence levels across the human kinome and distinguished between chemically explored, underexplored, and unexplored PKs. The analysis provides a medicinal chemistry-centric view of PK exploration and further extends prior assessment of the dark kinome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina Voßen
- B-IT, Department of Life Science Informatics and Data Science, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Bonn D-53115, Germany
| | - Elena Xerxa
- B-IT, Department of Life Science Informatics and Data Science, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Bonn D-53115, Germany
- Lamarr Institute for Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence, Bonn D-53115, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bajorath
- B-IT, Department of Life Science Informatics and Data Science, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Bonn D-53115, Germany
- Lamarr Institute for Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence, Bonn D-53115, Germany
- LIMES Institute, Program Unit Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Friedrich-Hirzebruch-Allee 5/6, Bonn D-53115, Germany
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Das R, Chatterjee DR, Kapoor S, Vyas H, Shard A. Novel sulfonamides unveiled as potent anti-lung cancer agents via tumor pyruvate kinase M2 activation. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:3070-3091. [PMID: 39309364 PMCID: PMC11411637 DOI: 10.1039/d4md00367e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This rational pursuit led to the identification of a novel sulfonamide derivative as a potent anti-lung cancer (LC) compound. Considering these results, we synthesized 38 novel sulfonamide derivatives with diverse skeletal structures. In vitro cytotoxicity assays revealed a potent and selective antiproliferative effect against A549 cells after evaluating a panel of cancer cell lines. Compound 9b has emerged as a potent activator of tumor pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), a protein known to play a critical role in LC. Apoptosis assays and cell cycle analysis demonstrated early apoptosis and G2 phase arrest. In silico studies demonstrated interactions between compound 9b and the activator binding site of PKM2. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments strongly indicated that 9b has a high affinity (K d of 1.378 nM) for PKM2. Furthermore, the increase in reactive oxygen species and decrease in lactate concentration suggested that compound 9b has significant anticancer effects. Notably, the increase in particle size following treatment with 9b suggested the tetramerization of PKM2. This work provides insights that might advance efforts to develop effective non-platinum anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudradip Das
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A) Opposite Airforce station Palaj, Gandhinagar Gujarat - 382355 India
| | - Deep Rohan Chatterjee
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A) Opposite Airforce station Palaj, Gandhinagar Gujarat - 382355 India
| | - Saumya Kapoor
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A) Opposite Airforce station Palaj, Gandhinagar Gujarat - 382355 India
| | - Het Vyas
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A) Opposite Airforce station Palaj, Gandhinagar Gujarat - 382355 India
| | - Amit Shard
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A) Opposite Airforce station Palaj, Gandhinagar Gujarat - 382355 India
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Kumar R, Goel H, Solanki R, Rawat L, Tabasum S, Tanwar P, Pal S, Sabarwal A. Recent developments in receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors: A promising mainstay in targeted cancer therapy. MEDICINE IN DRUG DISCOVERY 2024; 23:100195. [PMID: 39281823 PMCID: PMC11393807 DOI: 10.1016/j.medidd.2024.100195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
During the past two decades, significant advances have been made in the discovery and development of targeted inhibitors aimed at improving the survival rates of cancer patients. Among the multitude of potential therapeutic targets identified thus far, Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs) are of particular importance. Dysregulation of RTKs has been implicated in numerous human diseases, particularly cancer, where aberrant signaling pathways contribute to disease progression. RTKs have a profound impact on intra and intercellular communication, and they also facilitate post-translational modifications, notably phosphorylation, which intricately regulates a multitude of cellular processes. Prolonged phosphorylation or the disruption of kinase regulation may lead to significant alterations in cell signaling. The emergence of small molecule kinase inhibitors has revolutionized cancer therapy by offering a targeted and strategic approach that surpasses the efficacy of traditional chemotherapeutic drugs. Over the last two decades, a plethora of targeted inhibitors have been identified or engineered and have undergone clinical evaluation to enhance the survival rates of cancer patients. In this review, we have compared the expression of different RTKs, including Met, KDR/VEGFR2, EGFR, BRAF, BCR, and ALK across different cancer types in TCGA samples. Additionally, we have summarized the recent development of small molecule inhibitors and their potential in treating various malignancies. Lastly, we have discussed the mechanisms of acquired therapeutic resistance with a focus on kinase inhibitors in EGFR mutant and ALK-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer and BCR-ABL positive chronic myeloid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar
- Dr B. R. A.-Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Harsh Goel
- Dr B. R. A.-Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Raghu Solanki
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Laxminarayan Rawat
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Saba Tabasum
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pranay Tanwar
- Dr B. R. A.-Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Soumitro Pal
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Akash Sabarwal
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Manswell K, Le V, Henry K, Casey M, Anumolu N, Putman MS. The State of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Rheumatology. J Rheumatol 2024; 51:920-927. [PMID: 38825357 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.2023-1073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to evaluate the quality and timeliness of patient-reported outcome (PRO) measure reporting, which have not been previously studied. METHODS Clinical trials that informed new US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approvals for the first rheumatological indication between 1995 and 2021 were identified. Data were recorded to determine whether collected PROs were published, met minimum clinically important difference (MCID) or statistical significance (P < 0.05) thresholds, and were consistent with Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT)-PRO standards. Hazard ratios and Kaplan-Meier estimate were used to assess the time from FDA approval to PRO publication. RESULTS Thirty-one FDA approvals corresponded with 110 pivotal trials and 262 reported PROs. Of the 90 included studies, 1 (1.1%) met all 5 recommended items, 10 (11.1%) met 4 items, 17 (18.9%) met 3 items, 21 (23.3%) met 2 items, 26 (28.9%) met 1 item, and 15 (16.7%) met none of the reporting standards. Most PROs met MCID thresholds (149/262; 56.9%) and were statistically significant (223/262; 85.1%). Of our subset analysis, one-third of PROs were not published upfront (70/212; 33%) and 1 of 9 (22/212; 10.4%) remained unpublished ≥ 4 years after initial trial reporting. Publication rates were highest for the Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (97.4%) and lowest for the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (81.8%). Less than half of these published PROs met MCID and statistical significance thresholds (94/212; 44.3%). CONCLUSION One in 9 PROs remained unpublished for ≥ 4 years after initial trial reporting, and compliance with CONSORT-PRO reporting guidelines was poor. Efforts should be made to ensure PROs are adequately reported and expeditiously published.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenrick Manswell
- K. Manswell, BS, V. Le, BS, K. Henry, BS, M. Casey, BS, N. Anumolu, BS, M.S. Putman MD, MSci, Froedtert and the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Victoria Le
- K. Manswell, BS, V. Le, BS, K. Henry, BS, M. Casey, BS, N. Anumolu, BS, M.S. Putman MD, MSci, Froedtert and the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kathryn Henry
- K. Manswell, BS, V. Le, BS, K. Henry, BS, M. Casey, BS, N. Anumolu, BS, M.S. Putman MD, MSci, Froedtert and the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Maximilian Casey
- K. Manswell, BS, V. Le, BS, K. Henry, BS, M. Casey, BS, N. Anumolu, BS, M.S. Putman MD, MSci, Froedtert and the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Natalie Anumolu
- K. Manswell, BS, V. Le, BS, K. Henry, BS, M. Casey, BS, N. Anumolu, BS, M.S. Putman MD, MSci, Froedtert and the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Michael S Putman
- K. Manswell, BS, V. Le, BS, K. Henry, BS, M. Casey, BS, N. Anumolu, BS, M.S. Putman MD, MSci, Froedtert and the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
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Huang W, Zhou H, He Y, Wang A, Wang B, Chen Y, Liu C, Wang H, Xie W, Kong H. A novel PDGFR inhibitor WQ-C-401 prevents pulmonary vascular remodeling in rats with monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension. Exp Cell Res 2024; 441:114154. [PMID: 38996959 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.114154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is one of the most important cytokines associated with pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). PDGF receptor (PDGFR) inhibition exerted therapeutic effects on PAH in clinical trials, but serious side effects warrant the withdrawal of existing drugs. In this study, a novel highly selective PDGFR inhibitor WQ-C-401 was developed, and its effects on PDGFR signaling pathway and pulmonary vascular remodeling in PAH were investigated. Cell proliferation assays and Western blot analysis of PDGFRα/β phosphorylation showed that WQ-C-401 inhibited PDGFR-mediated cell proliferation assay and suppressed PDGFR phosphorylation in a concentration-dependent manner. DiscoverX's KinomeScanTM technology confirmed the good kinome selectivity of WQ-C-401 (S score (1) of PDGFR = (0.01)). In monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH rats, intragastric administration of WQ-C-401 (25, 50, 100 mg/kg/d) or imatinib (50 mg/kg/d, positive control) significantly decreased right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP). Histological analysis demonstrated that WQ-C-401 inhibited pulmonary vascular remodeling by reducing muscularization and fibrosis, as well as alleviated right ventricular hypertrophy in MCT-treated rats. In addition, WQ-C-401 suppressed MCT-induced cell hyperproliferation and CD68+ macrophage infiltration around the pulmonary artery. In vitro, WQ-C-401 inhibited PDGF-BB-induced proliferation and migration of human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Moreover, Western blot analysis showed that WQ-C-401 concertration-dependently inhibited PDGF-BB-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and PDGFRβ Y751, decreased collagen Ⅰ synthesis and increased alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression in PASMCs. Collectively, our results suggest that WQ-C-401 is a selective and potent PDGFR inhibitor which could be a promising drug for the therapeutics of PAH by preventing pulmonary vascular remodeling.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Monocrotaline
- Vascular Remodeling/drug effects
- Rats
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Male
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/drug therapy
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/chemically induced
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/metabolism
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/pathology
- Humans
- Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/metabolism
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Pulmonary Artery/drug effects
- Pulmonary Artery/pathology
- Pulmonary Artery/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/chemically induced
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/drug therapy
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/prevention & control
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/pathology
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/metabolism
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta/antagonists & inhibitors
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Huang
- Department of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yiting He
- Department of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Aoli Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics & Technology, Institute of Health & Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, PR China; Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, PR China
| | - Beilei Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics & Technology, Institute of Health & Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, PR China; Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, PR China
| | - Yongfei Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics & Technology, Institute of Health & Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, PR China; Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, PR China
| | - Chenyang Liu
- Department of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Weiping Xie
- Department of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Hui Kong
- Department of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Auberger P, Favreau C, Savy C, Jacquel A, Robert G. Emerging role of glutathione peroxidase 4 in myeloid cell lineage development and acute myeloid leukemia. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2024; 29:98. [PMID: 38977956 PMCID: PMC11229210 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-024-00613-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Phospholipid Hydroperoxide Gluthatione Peroxidase also called Glutathione Peroxidase 4 is one of the 25 described human selenoproteins. It plays an essential role in eliminating toxic lipid hydroxy peroxides, thus inhibiting ferroptosis and favoring cell survival. GPX4 is differentially expressed according to myeloid differentiation stage, exhibiting lower expression in hematopoietic stem cells and polymorphonuclear leucocytes, while harboring higher level of expression in common myeloid progenitors and monocytes. In addition, GPX4 is highly expressed in most of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) subtypes compared to normal hematopoietic stem cells. High GPX4 expression is consistently correlated to poor prognosis in patients suffering AML. However, the role of GPX4 in the development of the myeloid lineage and in the initiation and progression of myeloid leukemia remains poorly explored. Given its essential role in the detoxification of lipid hydroperoxides, and its overexpression in most of myeloid malignancies, GPX4 inhibition has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy to specifically trigger ferroptosis and eradicate myeloid leukemia cells. In this review, we describe the most recent advances concerning the role of GPX4 and, more generally ferroptosis in the myeloid lineage and in the emergence of AML. We also discuss the therapeutic interest and limitations of GPX4 inhibition alone or in combination with other drugs as innovative therapies to treat AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Auberger
- University of Nice Cote d'Azur (UniCA), Nice, France.
- Mediterranean Centre for Molecular Medicine, C3M, Inserm U1065, Team 2 "Innovative Therapies in Myeloid Leukemia", Nice, France.
| | | | - Coline Savy
- University of Nice Cote d'Azur (UniCA), Nice, France
- Mediterranean Centre for Molecular Medicine, C3M, Inserm U1065, Team 2 "Innovative Therapies in Myeloid Leukemia", Nice, France
| | - Arnaud Jacquel
- University of Nice Cote d'Azur (UniCA), Nice, France
- Mediterranean Centre for Molecular Medicine, C3M, Inserm U1065, Team 2 "Innovative Therapies in Myeloid Leukemia", Nice, France
| | - Guillaume Robert
- University of Nice Cote d'Azur (UniCA), Nice, France.
- Mediterranean Centre for Molecular Medicine, C3M, Inserm U1065, Team 2 "Innovative Therapies in Myeloid Leukemia", Nice, France.
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Ghosal S, Bag S, Chinnadurai RK, Mukherjee M, Pramanik G, Bhowmik S. Investigating the preferential interaction between imatinib mesylate and VEGF G-quadruplex DNA as therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment: Biophysical and molecular modelling approaches. Comput Biol Med 2024; 177:108683. [PMID: 38838555 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
G-Quadruplex DNA (GQ-DNA) is one of the most important non-canonical nucleic acid structures. GQ-DNA forming sequences are present in different crucial genomic regions and are abundant in promoter regions of several oncogenes. Therefore, GQ-DNA is an important target for anticancer drugs and hence binding interactions between GQ-DNA and small molecule ligands are of great importance. Since GQ-DNA is a highly polymorphic structure, it is important to identify ligand molecules which preferentially target a particular quadruplex sequence. In this present study, we have used a FDA approved drug called imatinib mesylate (ligand) which is a selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor, successfully used for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukaemia, gastrointestinal stromal tumours. Different spectroscopic techniques as well as molecular docking investigations and molecular simulations have been used to explore the interaction between imatinib mesylate with VEGF GQ DNA structures along with duplex DNA, C-Myc, H-Telo GQ DNA. We found that imatinib mesylate shows preferential interaction towards VEGF GQ DNA compared to C-Myc, H-Telo GQ and duplex DNA. Imatinib mesylate seems to be an efficient ligand for VEGF GQ DNA, suggesting that it might be used to regulate the expression of genes in cancerous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Ghosal
- Mahatma Gandhi Medical Advanced Research Institute (MGMARI), Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pondy-Cuddalore Main Road, Pillaiyarkuppam, Pondicherry, 607402, India
| | - Sagar Bag
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata, 700009, India
| | - Raj Kumar Chinnadurai
- Mahatma Gandhi Medical Advanced Research Institute (MGMARI), Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pondy-Cuddalore Main Road, Pillaiyarkuppam, Pondicherry, 607402, India
| | - Moupriya Mukherjee
- UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Kolkata Centre, Sector III, LB-8, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, 700 106, India
| | - Goutam Pramanik
- UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Kolkata Centre, Sector III, LB-8, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, 700 106, India
| | - Sudipta Bhowmik
- Mahatma Gandhi Medical Advanced Research Institute (MGMARI), Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pondy-Cuddalore Main Road, Pillaiyarkuppam, Pondicherry, 607402, India; Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata, 700009, India.
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8
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Combarel D, Dousset L, Bouchet S, Ferrer F, Tetu P, Lebbe C, Ciccolini J, Meyer N, Paci A. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors in cancers: Treatment optimization - Part I. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 199:104384. [PMID: 38762217 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
A multitude of TKI has been developed and approved targeting various oncogenetic alterations. While these have provided improvements in efficacy compared with conventional chemotherapies, resistance to targeted therapies occurs. Mutations in the kinase domain result in the inability of TKI to inactivate the protein kinase. Also, gene amplification, increased protein expression and downstream activation or bypassing of signalling pathways are commonly reported mechanisms of resistance. Improved understanding of mechanisms involved in TKI resistance has resulted in the development of new generations of targeted agents. In a race against time, the search for new, more potent and efficient drugs, and/or combinations of drugs, remains necessary as new resistance mechanisms to the latest generation of TKI emerge. This review examines the various generations of TKI approved to date and their common mechanisms of resistance, focusing on TKI targeting BCR-ABL, epidermal growth factor receptor, anaplastic lymphoma kinase and BRAF/MEK tyrosine kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Combarel
- Service de Pharmacologie, Département de Biologie et Pathologie médicales, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif 94805, France; Service de Pharmacocinétique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry 92 296, France
| | - Léa Dousset
- Dermatology Department, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Stéphane Bouchet
- Département de Pharmacologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Florent Ferrer
- Department of Pharmacology, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France; SMARTc Unit, CRCM Inserm U1068, Aix Marseille Univ and APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Pauline Tetu
- Department of Dermatology, APHP Dermatology, Paris 7 Diderot University, INSERM U976, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Céleste Lebbe
- Department of Dermatology, APHP Dermatology, Paris 7 Diderot University, INSERM U976, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Joseph Ciccolini
- SMARTc Unit, CRCM Inserm U1068, Aix Marseille Univ and APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Meyer
- Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche 1037-CRCT, Toulouse, France
| | - Angelo Paci
- Service de Pharmacologie, Département de Biologie et Pathologie médicales, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif 94805, France; Service de Pharmacocinétique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry 92 296, France.
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9
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García-Trejo MA, Castañeda G, Ríos Á. Analytical control of imatinib in bioanalytical samples using graphene quantum dots sensing. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024:10.1007/s00216-024-05346-1. [PMID: 38795213 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05346-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
An analytical method for the determination of imatinib (IMA, the primary treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia), based on the fluorescence properties of graphene quantum dots (GQDs), is reported in this work. The method is addressed to the analytical control of IMA in biological and pharmaceutical samples, due to the present interest in the control of the doses of this anticancer drug, as well as the therapeutic monitoring. The whole method involves the use of a solid-phase extraction (SPE) procedure, followed by an evaporation step, for the treatment of biological samples. For that, tC18 sorbent cartridges were used. After the sample treatment, the solution containing the analyte was mixed with an aqueous solution of GQDs at pH 7.2, and the fluorescent quenching of GQDs was measured. IMA was determined in the 10-250 µg L-1 range, with a limit of detection of 21 µg L-1 and a precision of 1.5% as relative standard deviation, measured in terms of reproducibility. The recovery for biological samples was in the 84-113% range.
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Affiliation(s)
- María A García-Trejo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Regional Institute for Applied Scientific Research, IRICA, Camilo José Cela Avenue, E-13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Gregorio Castañeda
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Regional Institute for Applied Scientific Research, IRICA, Camilo José Cela Avenue, E-13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Ángel Ríos
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
- Regional Institute for Applied Scientific Research, IRICA, Camilo José Cela Avenue, E-13005, Ciudad Real, Spain.
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10
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Xerxa E, Bajorath J. Data-oriented protein kinase drug discovery. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 271:116413. [PMID: 38636127 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The continued growth of data from biological screening and medicinal chemistry provides opportunities for data-driven experimental design and decision making in early-phase drug discovery. Approaches adopted from data science help to integrate internal and public domain data and extract knowledge from historical in-house data. Protein kinase (PK) drug discovery is an exemplary area where large amounts of data are accumulating, providing a valuable knowledge base for discovery projects. Herein, the evolution of PK drug discovery and development of small molecular PK inhibitors (PKIs) is reviewed, highlighting milestone developments in the field and discussing exemplary studies providing a basis for increasing data orientation of PK discovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Xerxa
- Department of Life Science Informatics and Data Science, B-IT, LIMES Program Unit Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Lamarr Institute for Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Friedrich-Hirzebruch-Allee 5/6, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bajorath
- Department of Life Science Informatics and Data Science, B-IT, LIMES Program Unit Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Lamarr Institute for Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Friedrich-Hirzebruch-Allee 5/6, D-53115, Bonn, Germany.
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11
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Wolach O. New bullets in the fight against cancer. Haematologica 2024; 109:1313-1314. [PMID: 38695267 PMCID: PMC11063851 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2024.285334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ofir Wolach
- Institute of Hematology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva.
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12
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Gomez EW, De Paula LB, Weimer RD, Hellwig AHDS, Rodrigues GM, Alegretti AP, de Oliveira JR. The potential of circHIPK3 as a biomarker in chronic myeloid leukemia. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1330592. [PMID: 38505596 PMCID: PMC10948418 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1330592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disorder characterized by leukocytosis and left shift. The primary molecular alteration is the BCR::ABL1, chimeric oncoprotein with tyrosine kinase activity, responsible for the initial oncogenesis of the disease. Therapy of CML was revolutionized with the advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, but it is still not considered curative and may present resistance and serious adverse effects. Discoveries in CML inaugurated a new era in cancer treatment and despite all the advances, a new biomarker is needed to detect resistance and adverse effects. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a special type of non-coding RNA formed through a process called backsplicing. The majority of circRNAs are derived from protein-coding genes. CircHIPK3 is formed from the second exon of the HIPK3 gene and has been found in various pathologies, including different types of cancer. New approaches have demonstrated the potential of circular RNAs in cancer research, and circHIPK3 has shown promising results. It is often associated with cellular regulatory pathways, suggesting an important role in the molecular dynamics of tumors. The identification of biomarkers is an important tool for therapeutic improvement; thus we review the role of circHIPK3 and its potential as a biomarker in CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Wandame Gomez
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics and Inflammation, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Laboratory Diagnostic Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Laura Berti De Paula
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics and Inflammation, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rafael Diogo Weimer
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics and Inflammation, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Grazielle Motta Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Laboratory Diagnostic Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Alegretti
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Laboratory Diagnostic Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jarbas Rodrigues de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics and Inflammation, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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13
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Maddeboina K, Yada B, Kumari S, McHale C, Pal D, Durden DL. Recent advances in multitarget-directed ligands via in silico drug discovery. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103904. [PMID: 38280625 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.103904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
To combat multifactorial refractory diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases, multitarget drugs have become an emerging area of research aimed at 'synthetic lethality' (SL) relationships associated with drug-resistance mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the in silico design of dual and triple-targeted ligands, strategies by which specific 'warhead' groups are incorporated into a parent compound or scaffold with primary inhibitory activity against one target to develop one small molecule that inhibits two or three molecular targets in an effort to increase potency against multifactorial diseases. We also discuss the analytical exploration of structure-activity relationships (SARs), physicochemical properties, polypharmacology, scaffold feature extraction of US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved multikinase inhibitors (MKIs), and updates regarding the clinical status of dual-targeted chemotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnaiah Maddeboina
- Molecular Targeted Therapeutics Laboratory, Levine Cancer Institute/Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC 28204, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Bharath Yada
- Molecular Targeted Therapeutics Laboratory, Levine Cancer Institute/Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC 28204, USA
| | - Shikha Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Cody McHale
- Molecular Targeted Therapeutics Laboratory, Levine Cancer Institute/Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC 28204, USA
| | - Dhananjaya Pal
- Molecular Targeted Therapeutics Laboratory, Levine Cancer Institute/Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC 28204, USA
| | - Donald L Durden
- Molecular Targeted Therapeutics Laboratory, Levine Cancer Institute/Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC 28204, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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14
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Mobasher M, Vogt M, Xerxa E, Bajorath J. Comprehensive Data-Driven Assessment of Non-Kinase Targets of Inhibitors of the Human Kinome. Biomolecules 2024; 14:258. [PMID: 38540679 PMCID: PMC10967794 DOI: 10.3390/biom14030258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein kinases (PKs) are involved in many intracellular signal transduction pathways through phosphorylation cascades and have become intensely investigated pharmaceutical targets over the past two decades. Inhibition of PKs using small-molecular inhibitors is a premier strategy for the treatment of diseases in different therapeutic areas that are caused by uncontrolled PK-mediated phosphorylation and aberrant signaling. Most PK inhibitors (PKIs) are directed against the ATP cofactor binding site that is largely conserved across the human kinome comprising 518 wild-type PKs (and many mutant forms). Hence, these PKIs often have varying degrees of multi-PK activity (promiscuity) that is also influenced by factors such as single-site mutations in the cofactor binding region, compound binding kinetics, and residence times. The promiscuity of PKIs is often-but not always-critically important for therapeutic efficacy through polypharmacology. Various in vitro and in vivo studies have also indicated that PKIs have the potential of interacting with additional targets other than PKs, and different secondary cellular targets of individual PKIs have been identified on a case-by-case basis. Given the strong interest in PKs as drug targets, a wealth of PKIs from medicinal chemistry and their activity data from many assays and biological screens have become publicly available over the years. On the basis of these data, for the first time, we conducted a systematic search for non-PK targets of PKIs across the human kinome. Starting from a pool of more than 155,000 curated human PKIs, our large-scale analysis confirmed secondary targets from diverse protein classes for 447 PKIs on the basis of high-confidence activity data. These PKIs were active against 390 human PKs, covering all kinase groups of the kinome and 210 non-PK targets, which included other popular pharmaceutical targets as well as currently unclassified proteins. The target distribution and promiscuity of the 447 PKIs were determined, and different interaction profiles with PK and non-PK targets were identified. As a part of our study, the collection of PKIs with activity against non-PK targets and the associated information are made freely available.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jürgen Bajorath
- LIMES Program Unit Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Life Science Informatics and Data Science, B-IT, Lamarr Institute for Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Hirzebruch-Allee 5/6, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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15
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Sun L, Yang PC, Luan L, Sun JF, Wang YT. Harmonizing the craft of crafting clinically endorsed small-molecule BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the treatment of hematological malignancies. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 193:106678. [PMID: 38114052 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The advancement and practical use of small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that specifically target the BCR-ABL fusion protein have introduced a revolutionary era of precision medicine for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL). This review offers a comprehensive exploration of the synthesis, mechanisms of action, and clinical implementation of clinically validated TKIs in the context of BCR-ABL, emphasizing the remarkable strides made in achieving therapeutic precision. We delve into the intricate design and synthesis of these small molecules, highlighting the synthetic strategies and modifications that have led to increased selectivity, enhanced binding affinities, and reduced off-target effects. Additionally, we discuss the structural biology of BCR-ABL inhibition and how it informs drug design. The success of these compounds in inhibiting aberrant kinase activity is a testament to the meticulous refinement of the synthetic process. Furthermore, this review provides a detailed analysis of the clinical applications of these TKIs, covering not only their efficacy in achieving deep molecular responses but also their impact on patient outcomes, safety profiles, and resistance mechanisms. We explore ongoing research efforts to overcome resistance and enhance the therapeutic potential of these agents. In conclusion, the synthesis and utilization of clinically validated small-molecule TKIs targeting BCR-ABL exemplify the transformative power of precision medicine in the treatment of hematological malignancies. This review highlights the evolving landscape of BCR-ABL inhibition and underscores the continuous commitment to refining and expanding the therapeutic repertoire for these devastating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Sun
- Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China
| | - Li Luan
- Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China.
| | - Jin-Feng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China.
| | - Ya-Tao Wang
- First People's Hospital of Shangqiu, Shangqiu, Henan 476100, China; The Rogel Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.
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16
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Feng X, Yang L, Liu X, Liu M, Liu L, Liu J, Luo J. Long non-coding RNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 29 drives chronic myeloid leukemia progression via microRNA-483-3p/Casitas B-lineage Lymphoma axis-mediated activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway. Med Oncol 2024; 41:60. [PMID: 38252204 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02287-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The aberrant expression of the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) Small Nucleolar RNA Host Gene 29 (SNHG29) has been associated with various human cancers. However, the role of SNHG29 in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) remains elusive. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the function of SNHG29 in CML and unveil its potential underlying mechanisms. Herein, peripheral blood samples from 44 CML patients and 17 healthy subjects were collected. The expressions of SNHG29, microRNA-483-3p (miR-483-3p), and Casitas B-lineage Lymphoma (CBL) were measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) or Western Blot. Cell viability, apoptosis, and cell cycle progression were evaluated using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation, and flow cytometry, respectively. Western Blot analysis was employed to assess protein expressions related to cellular proliferation, apoptosis, and oncogenesis. RNA immunoprecipitation and dual-luciferase reporter assays were utilized to verify the interactions among SNHG29, miR-483-3p, and CBL. SNHG29 was significantly overexpressed in both blood samples of CML patients and CML cell lines. In CML, increased expression of SNHG29 was positively correlated with clinical staging, and patients with high SNHG29 expression had poorer survival outcomes. Functionally, knocking down SNHG29 effectively inhibited CML cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis. Mechanistically, SNHG29 acted as a competing endogenous RNA for miR-483-3p to modulate CBL expression, thereby activating the Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase/Akt signaling pathway and mediating CML progression. In summary, these findings reveal that SNHG29 promotes tumorigenesis in CML, offering a potential therapeutic strategy for CML treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- XueFeng Feng
- Department of Second Ward of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215, Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang City, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Second Ward of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215, Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang City, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- Department of Second Ward of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215, Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang City, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Menghan Liu
- Department of Second Ward of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215, Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang City, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Second Ward of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215, Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang City, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Second Ward of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215, Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang City, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - JianMin Luo
- Department of Second Ward of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215, Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang City, 050000, Hebei, China.
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17
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Yao Y, Li X, Yang X, Mou H, Wei L. Indirubin, an Active Component of Indigo Naturalis, Exhibits Inhibitory Effects on Leukemia Cells via Targeting HSP90AA1 and PI3K/Akt Pathway. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2024; 24:718-727. [PMID: 38347773 DOI: 10.2174/0118715206258293231017063340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This research intended to predict the active ingredients and key target genes of Indigo Naturalis in treating human chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) using network pharmacology and conduct the invitro verification. METHODS The active components of Indigo Naturalis and the corresponding targets and leukemia-associated genes were gathered through public databases. The core targets and pathways of Indigo Naturalis were predicted through protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, gene ontology (GO) function, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. Next, after intersecting with leukemia-related genes, the direct core target gene of Indigo Naturalis active components was identified. Subsequently, HL-60 cells were stimulated with indirubin (IND) and then examined for cell proliferation using CCK-8 assay and cell cycle, cell apoptosis, and mitochondrial membrane potential using flow cytometry. The content of apoptosis-associated proteins (Cleaved Caspase 9, Cleaved Caspase 7, Cleaved Caspase 3, and Cleaved parp) were detected using Western blot, HSP90AA1 protein, and PI3K/Akt signaling (PI3K, p-PI3K, Akt, and p-Akt) within HL-60 cells. RESULTS A total of 9 active components of Indigo Naturalis were screened. The top 10 core target genes (TNF, PTGS2, RELA, MAPK14, IFNG, PPARG, NOS2, IKBKB, HSP90AA1, and NOS3) of Indigo Naturalis active components within the PPI network were identified. According to the KEGG enrichment analysis, these targets were associated with leukemia-related pathways (such as acute myeloid leukemia and CML). After intersecting with leukemia-related genes, it was found that IND participated in the most pairs of target information and was at the core of the target network; HSP90AA1 was the direct core gene of IND. Furthermore, the in-vitro cell experiments verified that IND could inhibit the proliferation, elicit G2/M-phase cell cycle arrest, enhance the apoptosis of HL-60 cells, reduce mitochondrial membrane potential, and promote apoptosis-related protein levels. Under IND treatment, HSP90AA1 overexpression notably promoted cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis. Additionally, IND exerted tumor suppressor effects on leukemia cells by inhibiting HSP90AA1 expression. CONCLUSION IND, an active component of Indigo Naturalis, could inhibit CML progression, which may be achieved via inhibiting HSP90AA1 and PI3K/Akt signaling expression levels.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/antagonists & inhibitors
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Indoles/pharmacology
- Indoles/chemistry
- HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents/chemical synthesis
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- HL-60 Cells
- Molecular Structure
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Leukemia/drug therapy
- Leukemia/pathology
- Leukemia/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhi Yao
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Huaihua University, Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Huaihua University, Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Xiaoqin Yang
- College of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Hai Mou
- College of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Lin Wei
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Huaihua University, Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province, Huaihua 418000, China
- College of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
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18
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Metwally K, Abo-Dya NE. Pyrrolo[2,3-D]Pyrimidines as EGFR and VEGFR Kinase Inhibitors: A Comprehensive SAR Review. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:5918-5936. [PMID: 37581522 DOI: 10.2174/0929867331666230815115111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinases are implicated in a wide array of cellular physiological processes, including cell signaling. The discovery of the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib and its FDA approval in 2001 paved the way for the development of small molecule chemical entities of diverse structural backgrounds as tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the treatment of various ailments. Two of the most prominent tyrosine kinases as drug targets are the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), as evidenced by the clinical success of their many inhibitors in the drug market. Among several other physiological roles, EGFR regulates epithelial tissue development and homeostasis, while VEGFR regulates tumor-induced angiogenesis. The pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine nucleus represents a deaza-isostere of adenine, the nitrogenous base of ATP. The recent introduction of many pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines to the drug market as tyrosine kinase inhibitors makes them a hot topic in the medicinal chemistry research area at the present time. This review article comprehensively sheds light on the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines as EGFR and VEGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, aiming to provide help medicinal chemists in the design of future pyrrolopyrimidine kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamel Metwally
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Nader E Abo-Dya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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19
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Parsa-Kondelaji M, Musavi M, Barzegar F, Abbasian N, Rostami M, R Seyedtaghia M, S Hashemi S, Modi M, Nikfar B, A Momtazi-Borojeni A. Dysregulation of miRNA expression in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia at diagnosis: a systematic review. Biomark Med 2023; 17:1021-1029. [PMID: 38230979 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2023-0575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: The present systematic review aimed to explore miRNAs as a potential biomarker for early diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Materials & methods: A systematic search was conducted in three electronic databases, including Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed, to obtain relevant articles investigating the alteration of miRNA expression in patients with CML. Results: The authors found miRNAs whose expression changes are effective in the induction of CML disease. Among them, miR-21 and miR-155 were identified as the most common miRNAs with increased expression and miR-150 and miR-146 as the most common miRNAs with decreased expression. Conclusion: miRNAs can be used as an indicator for the early detection and treatment of CML phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Parsa-Kondelaji
- Department of Hematology & Blood Banking, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Musavi
- Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Faezeh Barzegar
- Department of Hematology & Blood Banking, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Neda Abbasian
- Hematology & Blood Banking Center, Emam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Rostami
- Department of Hematology & Blood Banking, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad R Seyedtaghia
- Department of Medical Genetics & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyyed S Hashemi
- Department of Medical Genetics & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahdiyeh Modi
- Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Banafsheh Nikfar
- Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center, Pars Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir A Momtazi-Borojeni
- Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
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20
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Fischer M, Luck M, Werle M, Vogel A, Bashawat M, Ludwig K, Scheidt HA, Müller P. The small-molecule kinase inhibitor ceritinib, unlike imatinib, causes a significant disturbance of lipid membrane integrity: A combined experimental and MD study. Chem Phys Lipids 2023; 257:105351. [PMID: 37863350 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2023.105351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Ceritinib and imatinib are small-molecule protein kinase inhibitors which are applied as therapeutic agents against various diseases. The fundamentals of their clinical use, i.e. their pharmacokinetics as well as the mechanisms of the inhibition of the respective kinases, are relatively well studied. However, the interaction of the drugs with membranes, which can be a possible cause of side effects, has hardly been investigated so far. Therefore, we have characterized the interaction of both drugs with lipid membranes consisting of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) in the absence and in the presence of cholesterol. For determining the membrane impact of both drugs on a molecular level, different experimental (NMR, ESR, fluorescence) and theoretical (MD simulations) approaches were applied. The data show that ceritinib, in contrast to imatinib, interacts more effectively with membranes significantly affecting various physico-chemical membrane parameters like membrane order and transmembrane permeation of polar solutes. The pronounced membrane impact of ceritinib can be explained by a strong affinity of the drug towards POPC which competes with the POPC-cholesterol interaction by that attenuating the ordering effect of cholesterol. The data are relevant for understanding putative toxic and cytotoxic side effects of these drugs such as the triggering of cell lysis or apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Fischer
- Leipzig University, Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Härtelstr. 16-18, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Meike Luck
- Humboldt University Berlin, Department of Biology, Invalidenstr. 42, D-10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Max Werle
- Humboldt University Berlin, Department of Biology, Invalidenstr. 42, D-10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Vogel
- Leipzig University, Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Härtelstr. 16-18, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mohammad Bashawat
- Humboldt University Berlin, Department of Biology, Invalidenstr. 42, D-10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai Ludwig
- Freie Universität Berlin, Research Center for Electron Microscopy and Core Facility BioSupraMol, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fabeckstr. 36a, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger A Scheidt
- Leipzig University, Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Härtelstr. 16-18, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Peter Müller
- Humboldt University Berlin, Department of Biology, Invalidenstr. 42, D-10115 Berlin, Germany.
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21
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Ma Z, Bolinger AA, Zhou J. RIPTACs: A groundbreaking approach to drug discovery. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103774. [PMID: 37734702 PMCID: PMC11144445 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Regulated induced proximity targeting chimeras (RIPTACs), a new class of heterobifunctional molecules, show promise in specifically targeting and eliminating cancer cells while leaving healthy cells unharmed. As a groundbreaking drug discovery approach, RIPTACs work by forming a stable complex with two proteins, one specifically found in cancer cells (target protein, TP) and the other pan-essential for cell survival (effector protein, EP), selectively disrupting the function of the EP in cancer cells and causing cell death. Interestingly, the TPs need not be linked to disease progression, broadening the spectrum of potential drug targets. This review summarizes the discovery and recent advances of the RIPTAC strategy. Additionally, it discusses the associated opportunities and challenges as well as future perspectives in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonghui Ma
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Andrew A Bolinger
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Jia Zhou
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
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22
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Alhazzani K, Almangour A, Alsalem A, Alqinyah M, Alhamed AS, Alhamami HN, Alanazi AZ. Examining the Effects of Dasatinib, Sorafenib, and Nilotinib on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: Insights into Proliferation, Migration, and Gene Expression Dynamics. Diseases 2023; 11:147. [PMID: 37873791 PMCID: PMC10594443 DOI: 10.3390/diseases11040147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dasatinib, nilotinib, and sorafenib are clinically proven tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) used for the treatment of leukemia and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, there is a growing concern regarding cardiotoxicity associated with their use. The impact of these TKIs on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) remains unexplored. This study aims to investigate the effects of TKIs on VSMC proliferation and migration, as well as to elucidate the underlying mechanisms involving inflammatory and apoptotic pathways. METHODS VSMCs were extracted from albino rats and cultured in vitro. The cells were divided into four experimental groups: control, dasatinib, sorafenib, and nilotinib. The MTT assay was employed to assess the cytotoxic effects of TKIs on VSMCs. A scratch assay was conducted to evaluate the inhibitory potential of TKIs on VSMC migration. Flow cytometry analysis was used to detect apoptotic cells. Real-Time PCR expression was utilized to determine the differential gene expression of apoptotic and inflammatory markers. RESULTS Dasatinib, nilotinib, and sorafenib demonstrated significant inhibitory effects on VSMC viability and migration at low concentrations (<1 µmol/L, p < 0.05). Furthermore, gene expression analysis revealed up-regulation of inflammatory biomarkers (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) and apoptotic markers (P53, BAX), along with down-regulation of the anti-apoptotic biomarker BCL-2 in response to all TKIs. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that dasatinib, nilotinib, and sorafenib inhibit VSMC proliferation and migration, suggesting their potential to induce vascular injury and remodeling by activating inflammation and apoptosis pathways. These findings highlight the need for further investigation into the cardiotoxic effects of these TKIs and the development of strategies to mitigate their adverse vascular effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Alhazzani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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23
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Žagar Ž, Schmidt JM. A Scoping Review on Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Cats: Current Evidence and Future Directions. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3059. [PMID: 37835664 PMCID: PMC10572079 DOI: 10.3390/ani13193059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have become invaluable in the treatment of human and canine malignancies, but their role in feline oncology is less defined. While toceranib phosphate and masitinib mesylate are licensed for use in dogs, no TKI is yet approved for cats. This review systematically maps the research conducted on the expression of tyrosine kinases in neoplastic and non-neoplastic domestic feline tissues, as well as the in vitro/in vivo use of TKIs in domestic cats. We identify and discuss knowledge gaps and speculate on the further research and potential indications for TKI use in cats. A comprehensive search of three electronic databases and relevant paper reference lists identified 139 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. The most commonly identified tumors were mast cell tumors (MCTs), mammary and squamous cell carcinomas and injection-site sarcomas. Based on the current literature, toceranib phosphate appears to be the most efficacious TKI in cats, especially against MCTs. Exploring the clinical use of TKIs in mammary carcinomas holds promise. Despite the progress, currently, the evidence falls short, underscoring the need for further research to discover new indications in feline oncology and to bridge the knowledge gaps between human and feline medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Žiga Žagar
- IVC Evidensia Small Animal Clinic Hofheim, 65719 Hofheim am Taunus, Germany
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24
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Jitrangsri K, Khaing EM, Intaraphairot T, Phaechamud T, Mahadlek J. Injectable Gamboge-Based In Situ Gel for Sustained Delivery of Imatinib Mesylate. Gels 2023; 9:737. [PMID: 37754418 PMCID: PMC10529659 DOI: 10.3390/gels9090737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to prepare and characterize the imatinib mesylate (IM)-loaded gamboge-based ISG system for local administration of an anticancer agent against colorectal carcinoma. The ISG formulations were prepared in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). The physicochemical properties, drug release profile, and cytotoxicity of the developed formulations were assessed. The developed ISG demonstrated Newtonian flow behavior with acceptable rheological and mechanical properties. The viscosity of the developed ISG, measured at less than 80 cP, and the applied forces of less than 50 N·mm, indicated easy administration using clinical injection techniques. Upon contact with an aqueous phase, the ISG immediately formed a porous cross-sectional structure, enabling sustained release of IM over 14 days. The release profile of IM was fitted to the quasi-Fickian diffusion mechanism, and the release rate could be controlled by the types of solvent and the amount of IM content. The developed IM-loaded gamboge ISG effectively inhibited colorectal cancer cells, including HCT116 and HT29 cell lines, with less than 20% cell viability observed at a concentration of 1% w/w IM after 2 days of incubation. This suggests that the developed ISG may potentially serve as an injectable system for localized anticancer delivery against colorectal cells, potentially reducing the side effects of systemic chemotherapy and improving patient adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritamorn Jitrangsri
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Engineering and Technology, Walailak University, Nakhon Srithammarat 80160, Thailand;
- Natural Bioactive and Material for Health Promotion and Drug Delivery System Group (NBM Group), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand; (E.M.K.); (T.I.); (T.P.)
| | - Ei Mon Khaing
- Natural Bioactive and Material for Health Promotion and Drug Delivery System Group (NBM Group), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand; (E.M.K.); (T.I.); (T.P.)
- Program of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Torsak Intaraphairot
- Natural Bioactive and Material for Health Promotion and Drug Delivery System Group (NBM Group), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand; (E.M.K.); (T.I.); (T.P.)
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Thawatchai Phaechamud
- Natural Bioactive and Material for Health Promotion and Drug Delivery System Group (NBM Group), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand; (E.M.K.); (T.I.); (T.P.)
- Program of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Jongjan Mahadlek
- Natural Bioactive and Material for Health Promotion and Drug Delivery System Group (NBM Group), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand; (E.M.K.); (T.I.); (T.P.)
- Pharmaceutical Intellectual Center “Prachote Plengwittaya”, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
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25
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Ghosh AK, Mishevich JL, Kovela S, Shaktah R, Ghosh AK, Johnson M, Wang YF, Wong-Sam A, Agniswamy J, Amano M, Takamatsu Y, Hattori SI, Weber IT, Mitsuya H. Exploration of imatinib and nilotinib-derived templates as the P2-Ligand for HIV-1 protease inhibitors: Design, synthesis, protein X-ray structural studies, and biological evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 255:115385. [PMID: 37150084 PMCID: PMC10759558 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Structure-based design, synthesis, X-ray structural studies, and biological evaluation of a new series of potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors are described. These inhibitors contain various pyridyl-pyrimidine, aryl thiazole or alkylthiazole derivatives as the P2 ligands in combination with darunavir-like hydroxyethylamine sulfonamide isosteres. These heterocyclic ligands are inherent to kinase inhibitor drugs, such as nilotinib and imatinib. These ligands are designed to make hydrogen bonding interactions with the backbone atoms in the S2 subsite of HIV-1 protease. Various benzoic acid derivatives have been synthesized and incorporation of these ligands provided potent inhibitors that exhibited subnanomolar level protease inhibitory activity and low nanomolar level antiviral activity. Two high resolution X-ray structures of inhibitor-bound HIV-1 protease were determined. These structures provided important ligand-binding site interactions for further optimization of this class of protease inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States.
| | - Jennifer L Mishevich
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States
| | - Satish Kovela
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States
| | - Ryan Shaktah
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States
| | - Ajay K Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States
| | - Megan Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States
| | - Yuan-Fang Wang
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, United States
| | - Andres Wong-Sam
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, United States
| | - Johnson Agniswamy
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, United States
| | - Masayuki Amano
- Departments of Infectious Diseases and Hematology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yuki Takamatsu
- Refractory Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Hattori
- Refractory Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Irene T Weber
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, United States
| | - Hiroaki Mitsuya
- Departments of Infectious Diseases and Hematology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan; Refractory Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan; Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
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26
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Ayaz P, Lyczek A, Paung Y, Mingione VR, Iacob RE, de Waal PW, Engen JR, Seeliger MA, Shan Y, Shaw DE. Structural mechanism of a drug-binding process involving a large conformational change of the protein target. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1885. [PMID: 37019905 PMCID: PMC10076256 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36956-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins often undergo large conformational changes when binding small molecules, but atomic-level descriptions of such events have been elusive. Here, we report unguided molecular dynamics simulations of Abl kinase binding to the cancer drug imatinib. In the simulations, imatinib first selectively engages Abl kinase in its autoinhibitory conformation. Consistent with inferences drawn from previous experimental studies, imatinib then induces a large conformational change of the protein to reach a bound complex that closely resembles published crystal structures. Moreover, the simulations reveal a surprising local structural instability in the C-terminal lobe of Abl kinase during binding. The unstable region includes a number of residues that, when mutated, confer imatinib resistance by an unknown mechanism. Based on the simulations, NMR spectra, hydrogen-deuterium exchange measurements, and thermostability measurements and estimates, we suggest that these mutations confer imatinib resistance by exacerbating structural instability in the C-terminal lobe, rendering the imatinib-bound state energetically unfavorable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Ayaz
- D. E. Shaw Research, New York, NY, 10036, USA
| | - Agatha Lyczek
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8651, USA
| | - YiTing Paung
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8651, USA
| | - Victoria R Mingione
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8651, USA
| | - Roxana E Iacob
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Relay Therapeutics, 399 Binney St., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | | | - John R Engen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Markus A Seeliger
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8651, USA.
| | - Yibing Shan
- D. E. Shaw Research, New York, NY, 10036, USA.
| | - David E Shaw
- D. E. Shaw Research, New York, NY, 10036, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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27
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Ebrahimi N, Fardi E, Ghaderi H, Palizdar S, Khorram R, Vafadar R, Ghanaatian M, Rezaei-Tazangi F, Baziyar P, Ahmadi A, Hamblin MR, Aref AR. Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors in cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:104. [PMID: 36947256 PMCID: PMC11073124 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04729-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Targeted therapy is a new cancer treatment approach, involving drugs that particularly target specific proteins in cancer cells, such as receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) which are involved in promoting growth and proliferation, Therefore inhibiting these proteins could impede cancer progression. An understanding of RTKs and the relevant signaling cascades, has enabled the development of many targeted drug therapies employing RTK inhibitors (RTKIs) some of which have entered clinical application. Here we discuss RTK structures, activation mechanisms and functions. Moreover, we cover the potential effects of combination drug therapy (including chemotherapy or immunotherapy agents with one RTKI or multiple RTKIs) especially for drug resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Ebrahimi
- Genetics Division, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elmira Fardi
- Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hajarossadat Ghaderi
- Laboratory of Regenerative and Medical Innovation, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Palizdar
- Division of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University of Tehran East Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Khorram
- Bone and Joint Diseases Research Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Vafadar
- Department of Orthopeadic Surgery, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Masoud Ghanaatian
- Master 1 Bio-Santé-Parcours Toulouse Graduate School of Cancer, Ageing and Rejuvenation (CARe), Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Fatemeh Rezaei-Tazangi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Payam Baziyar
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Uinversity of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Ahmadi
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Nano and Bio Science and Technology, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, 75169, Iran.
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa.
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Translational Medicine Group, Xsphera Biosciences, 6 Tide Street, Boston, MA, 02210, USA.
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28
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Min T, Bain SC. Emerging drugs for the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus: a review of phase 2 clinical trials. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2023; 28:1-15. [PMID: 36896700 DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2023.2188191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite therapeutic advances in the field of diabetes management since the discovery of insulin 100 years ago, there are still unmet clinical needs for people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). AREAS COVERED Genetic testing and islet autoantibodies testing allow researchers to design prevention studies. This review discusses the emerging therapy for prevention of T1DM, disease modification therapy in early course of T1DM, and therapies and technologies for established T1DM. We focus on phase 2 clinical trials with promising results, thus avoiding the exhausted list of every new therapy for T1DM. EXPERT OPINION Teplizumab has demonstrated potential as a preventative agent for individuals at risk prior to the onset of overt dysglycemia. However, these agents are not without side effects, and there are uncertainties on long-term safety. Technological advances have led a substantial influence on quality of life of people suffering from T1DM. There remains variation in uptake of new technologies across the globe. Novel insulins (ultra-long acting), oral insulin, and inhaled insulin attempt to narrow the gap of unmet needs. Islet cell transplant is another exciting field, and stem cell therapy might have potential to provide unlimited supply of islet cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thinzar Min
- Diabetes Research Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Neath Port Talbot Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, UK
| | - Stephen C Bain
- Diabetes Research Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Singleton Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, UK
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29
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Wang Z, Zhu H. Exploiting liver metabolism for tissue-specific cancer targeting. NATURE CANCER 2023; 4:310-311. [PMID: 36977775 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-023-00530-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zixi Wang
- Children's Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Hao Zhu
- Children's Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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30
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Design, synthesis and antitumor evaluation of 3-chloro-4 - (pyridin-2-ylmethoxy) aniline derivatives as BCR-ABL kinase. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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31
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Zhang M, Xiao F, Li Y, Chen Z, Zhang X, Zhang X, Song J, Zhang Y, Si X, Bai J, Yagüe E, Zhou Y. The miR-106b-25 cluster mediates drug resistance in myeloid leukaemias by inactivating multiple apoptotic genes. Int J Hematol 2023; 117:236-250. [PMID: 36399285 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-022-03483-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance is a major obstacle to the successful treatment of cancer. The role of the miR-106b-25 cluster in drug resistance of haematologic malignancies has not yet been elucidated. Here, we show that the miR-106b-25 cluster mediates resistance to therapeutic agents with structural and mechanistic dissimilarity in vitro and in vivo. RNA sequencing data revealed that overexpression of the miR-106b-25 cluster or its individual miRNAs resulted in downregulation of multiple key regulators of apoptotic pathways. Luciferase reporter assay identified TP73 as a direct target of miR-93 and miR-106b, BAK1 as a direct target of miR-25 and CASP7 as a direct target of all three miRNAs. We also showed that inhibitors of the miR-106b-25 cluster and BCL-2 exert synergistic effects on apoptosis induction in primary myeloid leukaemic cells. Thus, the members of the miR-106b-25 cluster may jointly contribute to myeloid leukaemia drug resistance by inactivating multiple apoptotic genes. Targeting this cluster could be a promising combination strategy in patients resistant to therapeutic agents that induce apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Fangnan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Yunan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Zizhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Xiaoru Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Junzhe Song
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Yuhui Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Xiaohui Si
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Jie Bai
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Ernesto Yagüe
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Yuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.
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32
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Shi YH, Xu QC, Zhu YQ, Liu ZD, Zhao GY, Liu Q, Wang XY, Wang JQ, Xu X, Su Q, Lai JM, Huang CS, Yin XY. Imatinib facilitates gemcitabine sensitivity by targeting epigenetically activated PDGFC signaling in pancreatic cancer. Mol Ther 2023; 31:503-516. [PMID: 36384875 PMCID: PMC9931609 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a malignant tumor with poor prognosis. Gemcitabine-based chemotherapy has become one of the main modalities of its management. However, gemcitabine resistance frequently occurs, leading to failure of PDAC therapy. Platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) and their receptors play important roles in cancer progression and chemoresistance. We aimed to investigate the biological function and therapeutic significance of platelet-derived growth factor C (PDGFC) in drug-resistant PDAC. Our study showed that PDGFC was abnormally highly expressed in gemcitabine-resistant PDAC. Silencing PDGFC expression can enhance the therapeutic effect of gemcitabine on PDAC. Mechanistically, the transcription of PDGFC is mediated by H3K27 acetylation, and PDGFC promotes gemcitabine resistance by activating the PDGFR-PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. The PDGFR inhibitor imatinib inhibits the PDGFR pathway. Imatinib and gemcitabine have a synergistic effect on the treatment of PDAC, and imatinib can significantly enhance the anti-tumor effect of gemcitabine in a drug-resistant PDAC patient-derived xenograft model. In conclusion, PDGFC is a potential predictor of gemcitabine-resistant PDAC. Imatinib inhibits PDGFR activation to promote gemcitabine sensitivity in PDAC. Combined modality regimen of imatinib and gemcitabine is likely to translate into clinical trial for the treatment of PDGFC-associated gemcitabine-resistant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Hao Shi
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qiong-Cong Xu
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ying-Qin Zhu
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhi-De Liu
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Guang-Yin Zhao
- Department of Animal Experiment Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xi-Yu Wang
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jie-Qin Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qiao Su
- Department of Animal Experiment Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jia-Ming Lai
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Chen-Song Huang
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Xiao-Yu Yin
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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Zhang H, He F, Gao G, Lu S, Wei Q, Hu H, Wu Z, Fang M, Wang X. Approved Small-Molecule ATP-Competitive Kinases Drugs Containing Indole/Azaindole/Oxindole Scaffolds: R&D and Binding Patterns Profiling. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28030943. [PMID: 36770611 PMCID: PMC9920796 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28030943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinases are among the most important families of biomolecules and play an essential role in the regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, and other critical physiological processes. The dysregulation and gene mutation of kinases are linked to the occurrence and development of various human diseases, especially cancer. As a result, a growing number of small-molecule drugs based on kinase targets are being successfully developed and approved for the treatment of many diseases. The indole/azaindole/oxindole moieties are important key pharmacophores of many bioactive compounds and are generally used as excellent scaffolds for drug discovery in medicinal chemistry. To date, 30 ATP-competitive kinase inhibitors bearing the indole/azaindole/oxindole scaffold have been approved for the treatment of diseases. Herein, we summarize their research and development (R&D) process and describe their binding models to the ATP-binding sites of the target kinases. Moreover, we discuss the significant role of the indole/azaindole/oxindole skeletons in the interaction of their parent drug and target kinases, providing new medicinal chemistry inspiration and ideas for the subsequent development and optimization of kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haofan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Fengming He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Guiping Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, China
| | - Sheng Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Qiaochu Wei
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Hongyu Hu
- Xingzhi College, Zhejiang Normal University, Lanxi 321004, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Meijuan Fang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiumin Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (X.W.)
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Therapy Resistance and Disease Progression in CML: Mechanistic Links and Therapeutic Strategies. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2022; 17:181-197. [PMID: 36258106 DOI: 10.1007/s11899-022-00679-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Despite the adoption of tyrosine kinases inhibitors (TKIs) as molecular targeted therapy in chronic myeloid leukemia, some patients do not respond to treatment and even experience disease progression. This review aims to give a broad summary of advances in understanding of the mechanisms of therapy resistance, as well as management strategies that may overcome or prevent the emergence of drug resistance. Ultimately, the goal of therapy is the cure of CML, which will also require an increased understanding of the leukemia stem cell (LSC). RECENT FINDINGS Resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors stems from a range of possible causes. Mutations of the BCR-ABL1 fusion oncoprotein have been well-studied. Other causes range from cell-intrinsic factors, such as the inherent resistance of primitive stem cells to drug treatment, to mechanisms extrinsic to the leukemic compartment that help CML cells evade apoptosis. There exists heterogeneity in TKI response among different hematopoietic populations in CML. The abundances of these TKI-sensitive and TKI-insensitive populations differ from patient to patient and contribute to response heterogeneity. It is becoming clear that targeting the BCR-ABL1 kinase through TKIs is only one part of the equation, and TKI usage alone may not cure the majority of patients with CML. Considerable effort should be devoted to targeting the BCR-ABL1-independent mechanisms of resistance and persistence of CML LSCs.
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N-(4-Methyl-3-((4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl)amino)phenyl)-4-((4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)benzamide. MOLBANK 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/m1461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Imatinib is one of the most used therapeutic agents to treat leukemia, which specifically inhibits the activity of tyrosine kinases. This polytopic molecule has been structurally characterized only in the form of its piperazin-1-ium salt (mesylate, picrate, citrate, fumarate or malonate). Herein we present the crystal structure of the freebase Imatinib which precipitated from a 1:10 mixture with arginine. The molecule realizes an extended conformation and forms infinite H-bonded chains through its amide, amine and pyrimidine groups.
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Zheng TJ, Parra-Izquierdo I, Reitsma SE, Heinrich MC, Larson MK, Shatzel JJ, Aslan JE, McCarty OJT. Platelets and tyrosine kinase inhibitors: clinical features, mechanisms of action, and effects on physiology. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C1231-C1250. [PMID: 35938677 PMCID: PMC9576167 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00040.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have emerged as a promising class of target-directed, small molecule inhibitors used to treat hematologic malignancies, inflammatory diseases, and autoimmune disorders. Recently, TKIs have also gained interest as potential antiplatelet-directed therapeutics that could be leveraged to reduce pathologic thrombus formation and atherothrombotic complications, while minimally affecting platelet hemostatic function. This review provides a mechanistic overview and summarizes the known effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors on platelet signaling and function, detailing prominent platelet signaling pathways downstream of the glycoprotein VI (GPVI) receptor, integrin αIIbβ3, and G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). This review focuses on mechanistic as well as clinically relevant and emerging TKIs targeting major families of tyrosine kinases including but not limited to Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), Src family kinases (SFKs), Janus kinases (JAK), and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) and evaluates their effects on platelet aggregation and adhesion, granule secretion, receptor expression and activation, and protein phosphorylation events. In summation, this review highlights current advances and knowledge on the effects of select TKIs on platelet biology and furthers insight on signaling pathways that may represent novel druggable targets coupled to specific platelet functional responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony J Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Iván Parra-Izquierdo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Stéphanie E Reitsma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Michael C Heinrich
- Portland Veterans Affairs Health Care System and Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Mark K Larson
- Department of Biology, Augustana University, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | - Joseph J Shatzel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Joseph E Aslan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Department of Chemical Physiology & Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Owen J T McCarty
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
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Wang B, He BS, Ruan XL, Zhu J, Hu R, Wang J, Li Y, Yang YH, Liu ML. An integrated microfluidics platform with high-throughput single-cell cloning array and concentration gradient generator for efficient cancer drug effect screening. Mil Med Res 2022; 9:51. [PMID: 36131323 PMCID: PMC9494811 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-022-00409-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor cell heterogeneity mediated drug resistance has been recognized as the stumbling block of cancer treatment. Elucidating the cytotoxicity of anticancer drugs at single-cell level in a high-throughput way is thus of great value for developing precision therapy. However, current techniques suffer from limitations in dynamically characterizing the responses of thousands of single cells or cell clones presented to multiple drug conditions. METHODS We developed a new microfluidics-based "SMART" platform that is Simple to operate, able to generate a Massive single-cell array and Multiplex drug concentrations, capable of keeping cells Alive, Retainable and Trackable in the microchambers. These features are achieved by integrating a Microfluidic chamber Array (4320 units) and a six-Concentration gradient generator (MAC), which enables highly efficient analysis of leukemia drug effects on single cells and cell clones in a high-throughput way. RESULTS A simple procedure produces 6 on-chip drug gradients to treat more than 3000 single cells or single-cell derived clones and thus allows an efficient and precise analysis of cell heterogeneity. The statistic results reveal that Imatinib (Ima) and Resveratrol (Res) combination treatment on single cells or clones is much more efficient than Ima or Res single drug treatment, indicated by the markedly reduced half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50). Additionally, single-cell derived clones demonstrate a higher IC50 in each drug treatment compared to single cells. Moreover, primary cells isolated from two leukemia patients are also found with apparent heterogeneity upon drug treatment on MAC. CONCLUSION This microfluidics-based "SMART" platform allows high-throughput single-cell capture and culture, dynamic drug-gradient treatment and cell response monitoring, which represents a new approach to efficiently investigate anticancer drug effects and should benefit drug discovery for leukemia and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Bang-Shun He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, China.
| | - Xiao-Lan Ruan
- Department of Hematology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China
| | - Rui Hu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China.
| | - Yun-Huang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China
| | - Mai-Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China
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Daniel JP, Mesquita FP, Da Silva EL, de Souza PFN, Lima LB, de Oliveira LLB, de Moraes MEA, Moreira-Nunes CDFA, Burbano RMR, Zanatta G, Montenegro RC. Anticancer potential of mebendazole against chronic myeloid leukemia: in silico and in vitro studies revealed new insights about the mechanism of action. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:952250. [PMID: 36091760 PMCID: PMC9452629 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.952250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is caused by constitutively active fusion protein BCR-ABL1, and targeting ABL1 is a promising therapy option. Imatinib, dasatinib, and nilotinib have all been shown to work effectively in clinical trials. ABL1 mutations, particularly the T315I gate-keeper mutation, cause resistance in patients. As a result, broad-spectrum ABL1 medicines are desperately needed. In order to screen potential drugs targeting CML, mebendazole (MBZ) was subjected to the in vitro test against CML cell lines (K562 and FEPS) and computational assays. The antiproliferative effect of MBZ and the combination with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) was tested using end-point viability assays, cell cycle distribution analysis, cell membrane, and mitochondrial dyes. By interrupting the cell cycle and causing cell death, MBZ and its combination with imatinib and dasatinib have a significant antiproliferative effect. We identified MBZ as a promising “new use” drug targeting wild-type and mutant ABL1 using molecular docking. Meanwhile, we determined which residues in the allosteric site are important in ABL1 drug development. These findings may not only serve as a model for repositioning current authorized medications but may also provide ABL1-targeted anti-CML treatments a fresh lease of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Paulino Daniel
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Felipe Pantoja Mesquita
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Emerson Lucena Da Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Pedro Filho Noronha de Souza
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Luina Benevides Lima
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | | | - Caroline de Fátima Aquino Moreira-Nunes
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oncology Research Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Rommel Mario Rodríguez Burbano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oncology Research Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Ophir Loyola Hospital, Belém, Brazil
| | - Geancarlo Zanatta
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Raquel Carvalho Montenegro
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Raquel Carvalho Montenegro,
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The Role of Histology-Agnostic Drugs in the Treatment of Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158535. [PMID: 35955671 PMCID: PMC9369092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Precision medicine has opened up a new era in the development of anti-cancer agents that is focused on identifying biomarkers predictive of treatment response regardless of tumor histology. Since 2017, the Food and Drug Administration has approved six drugs with histology-agnostic indications: pembrolizumab (both for tumors with the mismatch-repair deficiency (dMMR)/high microsatellite instability (MSI-H) phenotype and for those with the high tumor mutational burden (TMB-H) phenotype), dostarlimab (for dMMR tumors), larotrectinib and entrectinib (for tumors harboring neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) fusions), and the combination of dabrafenib plus trametinib (for BRAF V600E-mutated tumors). The genomic alterations targeted by these antineoplastic agents are rare in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Furthermore, only a small number of mCRPC patients were enrolled in the clinical trials that led to the approval of the above-mentioned drugs. Therefore, we critically reviewed the literature on the efficacy of histology-agnostic drugs in mCRPC patients. Although the available evidence derives from retrospective studies and case reports, our results confirmed the efficacy of pembrolizumab in dMMR/MSI-H mCRPC. In contrast, few data are available for dostarlimab, larotrectinib, entrectinib, and dabrafenib-trametinib in this subset of patients. Large, multi-institutional registries aimed at collecting real-world data are needed to better comprehend the role of tissue-agnostic drugs in mCRPC patients.
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Jiang P, Tang S, Hudgins H, Smalligan T, Zhou X, Kamat A, Dharmarpandi J, Naguib T, Liu X, Dai Z. The Abl/Abi signaling links WAVE regulatory complex to Cbl E3 ubiquitin ligase and is essential for breast cancer cell metastasis. Neoplasia 2022; 32:100819. [PMID: 35839699 PMCID: PMC9287790 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2022.100819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
A Cbl-TKB binding motif regulates the stability of Abi and WAVE regulatory complex. Abl kinases serve as a switch to activate Cbl-mediated Abi/WRC degradation. Depletion of Abi1 impairs EGFR and Src family kinases signaling. Abi1 is essential for breast cancer cell invasion and lung metastasis.
The family of Abelson interactor (Abi) proteins is a component of WAVE regulatory complex (WRC) and a downstream target of Abelson (Abl) tyrosine kinase. The fact that Abi proteins also interact with diverse membrane proteins and intracellular signaling molecules places these proteins at a central position in the network that controls cytoskeletal functions and cancer cell metastasis. Here, we identified a motif in Abi proteins that conforms to consensus sequences found in a cohort of receptor and non-receptor tyrosine kinases that bind to Cbl-tyrosine kinase binding domain. The phosphorylation of tyrosine 213 in this motif is essential for Abi degradation. Double knockout of c-Cbl and Cbl B in Bcr-Abl-transformed leukemic cells abolishes Abi1, Abi2, and WAVE2 degradation. Moreover, knockout of Abi1 reduces Src family kinase Lyn activation in Bcr-Abl-positive leukemic cells and promotes EGF-induced EGF receptor downregulation in breast cancer cells. Importantly, Abi1 depletion impeded breast cancer cell invasion in vitro and metastasis in mouse xenografts. Together, these studies uncover a novel mechanism by which the WRC and receptor/non-receptor tyrosine kinases are regulated and identify Abi1 as a potential therapeutic target for metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixin Jiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Suni Tang
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Hogan Hudgins
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Tate Smalligan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Xue Zhou
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Anuja Kamat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Janaki Dharmarpandi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Tarek Naguib
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Xinli Liu
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
| | - Zonghan Dai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.
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Vokes EE. 2022 Presidential Address: Advancing Equitable Cancer Care Through Innovation. J Clin Oncol 2022; 40:2859-2862. [PMID: 35797507 DOI: 10.1200/jco.22.01305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors negatively impact on pro-reparative characteristics of human cardiac progenitor cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10132. [PMID: 35710779 PMCID: PMC9203790 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13203-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors improve cancer survival but their cardiotoxicity requires investigation. We investigated these inhibitors’ effects on human cardiac progenitor cells in vitro and rat heart in vivo. We applied imatinib, sunitinib or sorafenib to human cardiac progenitor cells, assessing cell viability, proliferation, stemness, differentiation, growth factor production and second messengers. Alongside, sunitinib effects were assessed in vivo. Inhibitors decreased (p < 0.05) cell viability, at levels equivalent to ‘peak’ (24 h; imatinib: 91.5 ± 0.9%; sunitinib: 83.9 ± 1.8%; sorafenib: 75.0 ± 1.6%) and ‘trough’ (7 days; imatinib: 62.3 ± 6.2%; sunitinib: 86.2 ± 3.5%) clinical plasma levels, compared to control (100% viability). Reduced (p < 0.05) cell cycle activity was seen with imatinib (29.3 ± 4.3% cells in S/G2/M-phases; 50.3 ± 5.1% in control). Expression of PECAM-1, Nkx2.5, Wnt2, linked with cell differentiation, were decreased (p < 0.05) 2, 2 and 6-fold, respectively. Expression of HGF, p38 and Akt1 in cells was reduced (p < 0.05) by sunitinib. Second messenger (p38 and Akt1) blockade affected progenitor cell phenotype, reducing c-kit and growth factor (HGF, EGF) expression. Sunitinib for 9 days (40 mg/kg, i.p.) in adult rats reduced (p < 0.05) cardiac ejection fraction (68 ± 2% vs. baseline (83 ± 1%) and control (84 ± 4%)) and reduced progenitor cell numbers. Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors reduce cardiac progenitor cell survival, proliferation, differentiation and reparative growth factor expression.
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Unraveling the Biology of Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma, a TAZ-CAMTA1 Fusion Driven Sarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122980. [PMID: 35740643 PMCID: PMC9221450 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) is a rare vascular cancer that involves a gain-of-function gene fusion involving TAZ, a transcriptional coactivator, and one of two end effectors of the Hippo pathway. Although the activity of TAZ and/or YAP, a paralog of TAZ, is consistently altered in many cancers, genetic alterations involving YAP/TAZ are rare, and the precise mechanisms by which YAP/TAZ are activated are not well understood in most cancers. Because WWTR1(TAZ)–CAMTA1 is the only genetic alteration in approximately half of EHE, EHE is a genetically clean and homogenous system for understanding how the dysregulation of TAZ promotes tumorigenesis. Therefore, by using EHE as a model system, we hope to elucidate the essential biological pathways mediated by TAZ and identify mechanisms to target them. The findings of EHE research can be applied to other cancers that are addicted to high YAP/TAZ activity. Abstract The activities of YAP and TAZ, the end effectors of the Hippo pathway, are consistently altered in cancer, and this dysregulation drives aggressive tumor phenotypes. While the actions of these two proteins aid in tumorigenesis in the majority of cancers, the dysregulation of these proteins is rarely sufficient for initial tumor development. Herein, we present a unique TAZ-driven cancer, epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE), which harbors a WWTR1(TAZ)–CAMTA1 gene fusion in at least 90% of cases. Recent investigations have elucidated the mechanisms by which YAP/TAP-fusion oncoproteins function and drive tumorigenesis. This review presents a critical evaluation of this recent work, with a particular focus on how the oncoproteins alter the normal activity of TAZ and YAP, and, concurrently, we generate a framework for how we can target the gene fusions in patients. Since EHE represents a paradigm of YAP/TAZ dysregulation in cancer, targeted therapies for EHE may also be effective against other YAP/TAZ-dependent cancers.
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Scott SS, Greenlee AN, Matzko A, Stein M, Naughton MT, Zaramo TZ, Schwendeman EJ, Mohammad SJ, Diallo M, Revan R, Shimmin G, Tarun S, Ferrall J, Ho TH, Smith SA. Intracellular Signaling Pathways Mediating Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Cardiotoxicity. Heart Fail Clin 2022; 18:425-442. [PMID: 35718417 PMCID: PMC10391230 DOI: 10.1016/j.hfc.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are used to treat several cancers; however, a myriad of adverse cardiotoxic effects remain a primary concern. Although hypertension (HTN) is the most common adverse effect reported with TKI therapy, incidents of arrhythmias (eg, QT prolongation, atrial fibrillation) and heart failure are also prevalent. These complications warrant further research toward understanding the mechanisms of TKI-induced cardiotoxicity. Recent literature has given some insight into the intracellular signaling pathways that may mediate TKI-induced cardiac dysfunction. In this article, we discuss the cardiotoxic effects of TKIs on cardiomyocyte function, signaling, and possible treatments.
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Kim SJ, Kim TE, Jee BC. Impact of imatinib administration on the mouse ovarian follicle count and levels of intra-ovarian proteins related to follicular quality. Clin Exp Reprod Med 2022; 49:93-100. [PMID: 35698771 PMCID: PMC9184883 DOI: 10.5653/cerm.2022.05218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The impact of imatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, on ovarian follicles and several proteins related to follicular function and apoptosis was investigated in mice. Methods Saline, cyclophosphamide (Cp; 50 or 75 mg/kg), or imatinib (7.5 or 15 mg/kg) was injected once intraperitoneally into female B6D2F1 mice (18 mice in each group). In multiple ovarian sections, the number of various types of follicles and the proportion of good-quality (G1) follicles were counted. The levels of six proteins (anti-Müllerian hormone [AMH], BCL-xL, BAX, acid sphingomyelinase [A-SMase], caspase-3, and α-smooth muscle actin [α-SMA]) within the whole ovaries were quantified using Western blots. Results Compared to the saline group, a significant reduction of the primordial follicle count was observed in the group treated with imatinib 7.5 and 15 mg/kg, as well as in the group treated with Cp 75 mg/kg. Administration of Cp significantly decreased the proportion of G1 primordial follicles, but administration of imatinib did not. No differences in the AMH, anti-apoptotic BCLX-L, pro-apoptotic BAX, and A-SMase levels in the ovarian tissues were observed among the five groups. However, caspase-3 and α-SMA levels were significantly higher in the imatinib and Cp groups than in the saline group. Conclusion The administration of imatinib to mice significantly reduced the primordial follicle count and increased the protein levels of caspase-3 and α-SMA. Our findings suggest that imatinib potentially exerts ovarian toxicity via apoptotic processes, similarly to Cp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Jeong Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fertility Center of CHA Ilsan Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Eun Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Chul Jee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author: Byung Chul Jee Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-ro 173beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea Tel: +82-31-787-7254 Fax: +82-31-787-4054 E-mail:
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Tachibana T, Kondo T, Uchida N, Doki N, Takada S, Takahashi S, Yano S, Mori T, Kohno A, Kimura T, Fukuda T, Atsuta Y, Nagamura-Inoue T. The Clinical Significance of BCR-ABL1 Mutations in Patients With Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Who Underwent Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. Transplant Cell Ther 2022; 28:321.e1-321.e8. [PMID: 35296447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The global standard therapy for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). One of the causes of therapeutic resistance to some TKIs corresponds to point mutations in the BCR-ABL1 fusion gene. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is a treatment option for high-risk CML, including TKI resistance. Although BCR-ABL1 point mutations comprise a major factor in the assessment of the indications for HCT, there is limited evidence for their significance in relation to transplant outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the profiles and transplant outcomes of BCR-ABL1 mutations in allografted patients with CML. The retrospective study used a nationwide registry data including adult patients with CML who underwent their first HCT between 2006 and 2016. The inclusion criterion was the evaluation of the status of the BCR-ABL1 mutation before HCT. The cohort included 315 patients with a median age of 44 years (range 16-70 years). Point mutations were detected in 152 patients, of which 101 (66%) harbored T315I mutations and 51 harbored mutations other than T315I (non-T315I). With a median follow-up period of 38 months (range 2-114 months), overall survival (OS) at 3 years was worse in the mutation group than in the no-mutation group (53% versus 71%; P = .002), which was validated by multivariate analysis (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.50; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0-2.2; P = .038); this difference was remarkable in the chronic phase of CML. OS in the non-T315I group was significantly worse than that in the no-mutation group (HR = 1.69; 95% CI, 1.0-2.8; P = .035). The nationwide study has successfully evaluated the BCR-ABL1 mutational profile and its outcomes in patients with CML who received HCT. The mortality risk was significantly higher in patients with the BCR-ABL1 mutation than in patients without the mutation. These findings would be useful to understand the clinical significance of various BCR-ABL1 mutations in CML and provide insight into the on mid need for treatment strategies for cases of CML with BCR-ABL1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takeshi Kondo
- Blood Disorders Center, Aiiku Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Uchida
- Department of Hematology, Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Aid Associations, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Doki
- Hematology Division, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center, Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Takada
- Leukemia Research Center, Saiseikai Maebashi Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takahashi
- Division of Clinical Precision Research Platform, the Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Singo Yano
- Clinical Oncology and Hematology, the Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehiko Mori
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akio Kohno
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Konan Kosei Hospital, Konan, Japan
| | - Takafumi Kimura
- Preparation Department, Japanese Red Cross Kinki Block Blood Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Fukuda
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Atsuta
- Japanese Data Center for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tokiko Nagamura-Inoue
- Department of Cell Processing and Transfusion, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Burange AS, Osman SM, Luque R. Understanding flow chemistry for the production of active pharmaceutical ingredients. iScience 2022; 25:103892. [PMID: 35243250 PMCID: PMC8867129 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-step organic syntheses of various drugs, active pharmaceutical ingredients, and other pharmaceutically and agriculturally important compounds have already been reported using flow synthesis. Compared to batch, hazardous and reactive reagents can be handled safely in flow. This review discusses the pros and cons of flow chemistry in today’s scenario and recent developments in flow devices. The review majorly emphasizes on the recent developments in the flow synthesis of pharmaceutically important products in last five years including flibanserin, imatinib, buclizine, cinnarizine, cyclizine, meclizine, ribociclib, celecoxib, SC-560 and mavacoxib, efavirenz, fluconazole, melitracen HCl, rasagiline, tamsulosin, valsartan, and hydroxychloroquine. Critical steps and new development in the flow synthesis of selected compounds are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand S. Burange
- Department of Chemistry, Wilson College, Chowpatty, Mumbai 400007, India
- Corresponding author
| | - Sameh M. Osman
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rafael Luque
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Universidad de Cordoba, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), Ctra Nnal IV-A, Km 396, E14014 Cordoba, Spain
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho Maklaya str., 107198 Moscow, Russian Federation
- Corresponding author
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Bcr-Abl drives the formation of Hsp70/Bim PPI to stabilize oncogenic clients and prevent cells from undergoing apoptosis. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 198:114964. [PMID: 35182521 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.114964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Although tyrosine kinase inhibitors that inhibit Bcr-Abl kinase activity have shown excellent efficacy in the clinical application of CML patients, it still a challenge to discover alternative targets and novel therapies because of the emergence of Bcr-Abl-independent resistance. Most recently, Hsp70/Bim complex was revealed that driven by Bcr-Abl and testified as a specific target for CML because it folds and stabilizes many Hsp70 oncogenic substrates that mediate CML specific signaling pathways. However, the relationship between Bcr-Abl and Hsp70/Bim complex and how the chaperone complex contributes to Bcr-Abl-driven leukemogenic cells remain unclear. Herein, with the help of S1g-2, a specific small-molecule inhibitor of Hsp70/Bim complex, and Bcr-Abl knockdown to induce a panel of cancer cell lines apoptosis, we illustrated that Bcr-Abl could prevent cells from undergoing apoptosis mainly by driving the formation of Hsp70/Bim complex both in Bcr-Abl positive CML cells and ALL cells. Through cell-based Co-immunoprecipitation experiments, we identified that Bcr-Abl could stabilize oncogenic clients including AKT and eIF4E mainly by driving the formation of Hsp70/Bim complex in Bcr-Abl positive cells. Moreover, we identified that Bim mediates interactions of Hsp70 and Bak in Bcr-Abl positive cells. Together, the target identification of Hsp70/Bim complex could make it as a promising anticancer target for Bcr-Abl positive leukemia treatment.
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Xie T, Saleh T, Rossi P, Miller D, Kalodimos CG. Imatinib can act as an Allosteric Activator of Abl Kinase. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167349. [PMID: 34774565 PMCID: PMC8752476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Imatinib is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of Bcr-Abl kinase and the first drug approved for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) treatment. Here we show that imatinib binds to a secondary, allosteric site located in the myristoyl pocket of Abl to function as an activator of the kinase activity. Abl transitions between an assembled, inhibited state and an extended, activated state. The equilibrium is regulated by the conformation of the αΙ helix, which is located nearby the allosteric pocket. Imatinib binding to the allosteric pocket elicits an αΙ helix conformation that is not compatible with the assembled state, thereby promoting the extended state and stimulating the kinase activity. Although in wild-type Abl the catalytic pocket has a much higher affinity for imatinib than the allosteric pocket does, the two binding affinities are comparable in Abl variants carrying imatinib-resistant mutations in the catalytic site. A previously isolated imatinib-resistant mutation in patients appears to be mediating its function by increasing the affinity of imatinib for the allosteric pocket, providing a hitherto unknown mechanism of drug resistance. Our results highlight the benefit of combining imatinib with allosteric inhibitors to maximize their inhibitory effect on Bcr-Abl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xie
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, United States
| | - Tamjeed Saleh
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, United States
| | - Paolo Rossi
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, United States
| | - Darcie Miller
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, United States
| | - Charalampos G Kalodimos
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, United States.
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De Santis S, Monaldi C, Mancini M, Bruno S, Cavo M, Soverini S. Overcoming Resistance to Kinase Inhibitors: The Paradigm of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Onco Targets Ther 2022; 15:103-116. [PMID: 35115784 PMCID: PMC8800859 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s289306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinases (PKs) play crucial roles in cellular proliferation and survival, hence their deregulation is a common event in the pathogenesis of solid and hematologic malignancies. Targeting PKs has been a promising strategy in cancer treatment, and there are now a variety of approved anticancer drugs targeting PKs. However, the phenomenon of resistance remains an obstacle to be addressed and overcoming resistance is a goal to be achieved. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is the first as well as one of the best examples of a cancer that can be targeted by molecular therapy; hence, it can be used as a model disease for other cancers. This review aims to summarize up-to-date knowledge on the main mechanisms implicated in resistance to PK inhibitory therapies and to outline the main strategies that are being explored to overcome resistance. The importance of molecular diagnostics and disease monitoring in counteracting resistance will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara De Santis
- Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale, UO Ematologia ‘Lorenzo e Ariosto Seràgnoli’, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: Sara De Santis Insitute of Hematology “Lorenzo e Ariosto Seràgnoli”, Via Massarenti 9, Bologna, 40138, ItalyTel +39 051 2143791Fax +39 051 2144037 Email
| | - Cecilia Monaldi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale, UO Ematologia ‘Lorenzo e Ariosto Seràgnoli’, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Mancini
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, Bologna, Italy
| | - Samantha Bruno
- Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale, UO Ematologia ‘Lorenzo e Ariosto Seràgnoli’, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Cavo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale, UO Ematologia ‘Lorenzo e Ariosto Seràgnoli’, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Soverini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale, UO Ematologia ‘Lorenzo e Ariosto Seràgnoli’, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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