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Foster D, Williams L, Arnold N, Larsen J. Therapeutic developments for neurodegenerative GM1 gangliosidosis. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1392683. [PMID: 38737101 PMCID: PMC11082364 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1392683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
GM1 gangliosidosis (GM1) is a rare but fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by dysfunction or lack of production of lysosomal enzyme, β-galactosidase, leading to accumulation of substrates. The most promising treatments for GM1, include enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), substrate reduction therapy (SRT), stem cell therapy and gene editing. However, effectiveness is limited for neuropathic GM1 due to the restrictive nature of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). ERT and SRT alleviate substrate accumulation through exogenous supplementation over the patient's lifetime, while gene editing could be curative, fixing the causative gene, GLB1, to enable endogenous enzyme activity. Stem cell therapy can be a combination of both, with ex vivo gene editing of cells to cause the production of enzymes. These approaches require special considerations for brain delivery, which has led to novel formulations. A few therapeutic interventions have progressed to early-phase clinical trials, presenting a bright outlook for improved clinical management for GM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorian Foster
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Lucian Williams
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Noah Arnold
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Jessica Larsen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
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2
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Weesner JA, Annunziata I, van de Vlekkert D, d'Azzo A. Glycosphingolipids within membrane contact sites influence their function as signaling hubs in neurodegenerative diseases. FEBS Open Bio 2023; 13:1587-1600. [PMID: 37014126 PMCID: PMC10476575 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular organelles carry out many of their functions by engaging in extensive interorganellar communication through specialized membrane contact sites (MCSs) formed where two organelles tether to each other or to the plasma membrane (PM) without fusing. In recent years, these ubiquitous membrane structures have emerged as central signaling hubs that control a multitude of cellular pathways, ranging from lipid metabolism/transport to the exchange of metabolites and ions (i.e., Ca2+ ), and general organellar biogenesis. The functional crosstalk between juxtaposed membranes at MCSs relies on a defined composite of proteins and lipids that populate these microdomains in a dynamic fashion. This is particularly important in the nervous system, where alterations in the composition of MCSs have been shown to affect their functions and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we focus on the MCSs that are formed by the tethering of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the mitochondria, the ER to the endo-lysosomes and the mitochondria to the lysosomes. We highlight how glycosphingolipids that are aberrantly processed/degraded and accumulate ectopically in intracellular membranes and the PM change the topology of MCSs, disrupting signaling pathways that lead to neuronal demise and neurodegeneration. In particular, we focus on neurodegenerative lysosomal storage diseases linked to altered glycosphingolipid catabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ida Annunziata
- Department of GeneticsSt. Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTNUSA
- Compliance OfficeSt. Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTNUSA
| | | | - Alessandra d'Azzo
- Department of GeneticsSt. Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTNUSA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Graduate Health SciencesUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTNUSA
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3
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Pandey MK. Exploring Pro-Inflammatory Immunological Mediators: Unraveling the Mechanisms of Neuroinflammation in Lysosomal Storage Diseases. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041067. [PMID: 37189685 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases are a group of rare and ultra-rare genetic disorders caused by defects in specific genes that result in the accumulation of toxic substances in the lysosome. This excess accumulation of such cellular materials stimulates the activation of immune and neurological cells, leading to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Examples of lysosomal storage diseases include Gaucher, Fabry, Tay–Sachs, Sandhoff, and Wolman diseases. These diseases are characterized by the accumulation of various substrates, such as glucosylceramide, globotriaosylceramide, ganglioside GM2, sphingomyelin, ceramide, and triglycerides, in the affected cells. The resulting pro-inflammatory environment leads to the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and several components of complement cascades, which contribute to the progressive neurodegeneration seen in these diseases. In this study, we provide an overview of the genetic defects associated with lysosomal storage diseases and their impact on the induction of neuro-immune inflammation. By understanding the underlying mechanisms behind these diseases, we aim to provide new insights into potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for monitoring and managing the severity of these diseases. In conclusion, lysosomal storage diseases present a complex challenge for patients and clinicians, but this study offers a comprehensive overview of the impact of these diseases on the central and peripheral nervous systems and provides a foundation for further research into potential treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Pandey
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3026, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0515, USA
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4
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Poletto E, Silva AO, Weinlich R, Martin PKM, Torres DC, Giugliani R, Baldo G. Ex vivo gene therapy for lysosomal storage disorders: future perspectives. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2023; 23:353-364. [PMID: 36920351 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2023.2192348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lysosomal storage disorders (LSD) are a group of monogenic rare diseases caused by pathogenic variants in genes that encode proteins related to lysosomal function. These disorders are good candidates for gene therapy for different reasons: they are monogenic, most of lysosomal proteins are enzymes that can be secreted and cross-correct neighboring cells, and small quantities of these proteins are able to produce clinical benefits in many cases. Ex vivo gene therapy allows for autologous transplant of modified cells from different sources, including stem cells and hematopoietic precursors. AREAS COVERED Here, we summarize the main gene therapy and genome editing strategies that are currently being used as ex vivo gene therapy approaches for lysosomal disorders, highlighting important characteristics, such as vectors used, strategies, types of cells that are modified and main results in different disorders. EXPERT OPINION Clinical trials are already ongoing, and soon approved therapies for LSD based on ex vivo gene therapy approaches should reach the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edina Poletto
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto alegre, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Andrew Oliveira Silva
- Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Weinlich
- Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Centro de Ensino e Pesquisa/Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Davi Coe Torres
- Centro de Ensino e Pesquisa/Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto Giugliani
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto alegre, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Baldo
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto alegre, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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5
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Zhou K, Han J, Wang Y, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Zhu C. The therapeutic potential of bone marrow-derived macrophages in neurological diseases. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 28:1942-1952. [PMID: 36066198 PMCID: PMC9627381 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating monocytes are precursors of both tissue macrophages and dendritic cells, and they can infiltrate the central nervous system (CNS) where they transform into bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). BMDMs play essential roles in various CNS diseases, thus modulating BMDMs might be a way to treat these disorders because there are currently no efficient therapeutic methods available for most of these neurological diseases. Moreover, BMDMs can serve as promising gene delivery vehicles following bone marrow transplantation for otherwise incurable genetic CNS diseases. Understanding the distinct roles that BMDMs play in CNS diseases and their potential as gene delivery vehicles may provide new insights and opportunities for using BMDMs as therapeutic targets or delivery vehicles. This review attempts to comprehensively summarize the neurological diseases that might be treated by modulating BMDMs or by delivering gene therapies via BMDMs after bone marrow transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhou
- Henan Neurodevelopment Engineering Research Center for ChildrenChildren's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Jinming Han
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yafeng Wang
- Henan Neurodevelopment Engineering Research Center for ChildrenChildren's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina,Department of Hematology and OncologyChildren's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan, Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's HospitalZhengzhouChina
| | - Yiran Xu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury and Henan Pediatric Clinical Research CenterThe Third Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Yaodong Zhang
- Henan Neurodevelopment Engineering Research Center for ChildrenChildren's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Changlian Zhu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury and Henan Pediatric Clinical Research CenterThe Third Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina,Centre for Brain Repair and RehabilitationInstitute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
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6
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Weesner JA, Annunziata I, Yang T, Acosta W, Gomero E, Hu H, van de Vlekkert D, Ayala J, Qiu X, Fremuth LE, Radin DN, Cramer CL, d’Azzo A. Preclinical Enzyme Replacement Therapy with a Recombinant β-Galactosidase-Lectin Fusion for CNS Delivery and Treatment of GM1-Gangliosidosis. Cells 2022; 11:2579. [PMID: 36010656 PMCID: PMC9406850 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
GM1-gangliosidosis is a catastrophic, neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disease caused by a deficiency of lysosomal β-galactosidase (β-Gal). The primary substrate of the enzyme is GM1-ganglioside (GM1), a sialylated glycosphingolipid abundant in nervous tissue. Patients with GM1-gangliosidosis present with massive and progressive accumulation of GM1 in the central nervous system (CNS), which leads to mental and motor decline, progressive neurodegeneration, and early death. No therapy is currently available for this lysosomal storage disease. Here, we describe a proof-of-concept preclinical study toward the development of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) for GM1-gangliosidosis using a recombinant murine β-Gal fused to the plant lectin subunit B of ricin (mβ-Gal:RTB). We show that long-term, bi-weekly systemic injection of mβ-Gal:RTB in the β-Gal-/- mouse model resulted in widespread internalization of the enzyme by cells of visceral organs, with consequent restoration of enzyme activity. Most importantly, β-Gal activity was detected in several brain regions. This was accompanied by a reduction of accumulated GM1, reversal of neuroinflammation, and decrease in the apoptotic marker caspase 3. These results indicate that the RTB lectin delivery module enhances both the CNS-biodistribution pattern and the therapeutic efficacy of the β-Gal ERT, with the potential to translate to a clinical setting for the treatment of GM1-gangliosidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Andrew Weesner
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Ida Annunziata
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
- Compliance Office, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Tianhong Yang
- BioStrategies, LC, P.O. Box 2428, State University, Jonesboro, AR 72467, USA
| | - Walter Acosta
- BioStrategies, LC, P.O. Box 2428, State University, Jonesboro, AR 72467, USA
| | - Elida Gomero
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Huimin Hu
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | | | - Jorge Ayala
- BioStrategies, LC, P.O. Box 2428, State University, Jonesboro, AR 72467, USA
| | - Xiaohui Qiu
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Leigh Ellen Fremuth
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - David N. Radin
- BioStrategies, LC, P.O. Box 2428, State University, Jonesboro, AR 72467, USA
| | - Carole L. Cramer
- BioStrategies, LC, P.O. Box 2428, State University, Jonesboro, AR 72467, USA
| | - Alessandra d’Azzo
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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7
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Hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy ameliorates CNS involvement in murine model of GM1-gangliosidosis. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2022; 25:448-460. [PMID: 35615711 PMCID: PMC9118356 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2022.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
GM1-gangliosidosis is a progressive neurodegenerative glycosphingolipidosis resulting from a GLB1 gene mutation causing a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme β-galactosidase, which leads to the abnormal accumulation of GM1 ganglioside in the central nervous system. In the most severe early infantile phenotype, excessive ganglioside accumulation results in a rapid decline in neurological and psychomotor functions, and death occurs within 2 years of age. Currently, there is no effective therapy for GM1-gangliosidosis. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of ex vivo gene therapy targeting hematopoietic stem cells using a lentiviral vector to increase enzyme activity, reduce substrate accumulation, and improve astrocytosis and motor function. Transplanting GLB1-transduced hematopoietic stem cells in mice increased β-galactosidase enzyme activity in the central nervous system and visceral organs. Specifically, this gene therapy significantly decreased GM1 ganglioside levels in the brain, especially in the cerebrum. More important, this gene therapy rectified astrocytosis in the cerebrum and improved motor function deficits. Furthermore, the elevation of serum β-galactosidase activity in secondary-transplanted mice suggested the ability of transduced hematopoietic stem cells to repopulate long term. These data indicate that ex vivo gene therapy with lentiviral vectors is a promising approach for the treatment of brain deficits in GM1 gangliosidosis.
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8
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Shaimardanova AA, Chulpanova DS, Solovyeva VV, Aimaletdinov AM, Rizvanov AA. Functionality of a bicistronic construction containing HEXA and HEXB genes encoding β-hexosaminidase A for cell-mediated therapy of GM2 gangliosidoses. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:122-129. [PMID: 34100447 PMCID: PMC8451576 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.314310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Tay-Sachs disease and Sandhoff disease are severe hereditary neurodegenerative disorders caused by a deficiency of β-hexosaminidase A (HexA) enzyme, which results in the accumulation of GM2 gangliosides in the nervous system cells. In this work, we analyzed the efficacy and safety of cell-mediated gene therapy for Sandhoff disease and Sandhoff disease using a bicistronic lentiviral vector encoding cDNA of HexA α- and β-subunit genes separated by the nucleotide sequence of a P2A peptide (HEXA-HEXB). The functionality of the bicistronic construct containing the HEXA-HEXB genetic cassette was analyzed in a culture of HEK293T cells and human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (hUCBMCs). Our results showed that the enzymatic activity of HexA in the conditioned medium harvested from genetically modified HEK293T-HEXA-HEXB and hUCBMCs-HEXA-HEXB was increased by 23 and 8 times, respectively, compared with the conditioned medium of native cells. Western blot analysis showed that hUCBMCs-HEXA-HEXB secreted both completely separated HEXA and HEXB proteins, and an uncleaved protein containing HEXA + HEXB linked by the P2A peptide. Intravenous injection of genetically modified hUCBMCs-HEXA-HEXB to laboratory Wistar rats was carried out, and the HexA enzymatic activity in the blood plasma of experimental animals, as well as the number of live cells of immune system organs (spleen, thymus, bone marrow, lymph nodes) were determined. A significant increase in the enzymatic activity of HexA in the blood plasma of laboratory rats on days 6 and 9 (by 2.5 and 3 times, respectively) after the administration of hUCBMCs-HEXA-HEXB was shown. At the same time, the number of live cells in the studied organs remained unchanged. Thus, the functionality of the bicistronic genetic construct encoding cDNA of the HEXA and HEXB genes separated by the nucleotide sequence of the P2A peptide was shown in vitro and in vivo. We hypothesize that due to the natural ability of hUCBMCs to overcome biological barriers, such a strategy can restore the activity of the missing enzyme in the central nervous system of patients with GM2 gangliosidoses. Based on the obtained data, it can be concluded that intravenous administration of hUCBMCs with HexA overexpression is a promising method of the therapy for GM2 gangliosidoses. The animal protocol was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of the Kazan Federal University (No. 23) on June 30, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa A Shaimardanova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Daria S Chulpanova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Valeriya V Solovyeva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | | | - Albert A Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
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9
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Nicoli ER, Annunziata I, d’Azzo A, Platt FM, Tifft CJ, Stepien KM. GM1 Gangliosidosis-A Mini-Review. Front Genet 2021; 12:734878. [PMID: 34539759 PMCID: PMC8446533 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.734878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
GM1 gangliosidosis is a progressive, neurosomatic, lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the GLB1 gene encoding the enzyme β-galactosidase. Absent or reduced β-galactosidase activity leads to the accumulation of β-linked galactose-containing glycoconjugates including the glycosphingolipid (GSL) GM1-ganglioside in neuronal tissue. GM1-gangliosidosis is classified into three forms [Type I (infantile), Type II (late-infantile and juvenile), and Type III (adult)], based on the age of onset of clinical symptoms, although the disorder is really a continuum that correlates only partially with the levels of residual enzyme activity. Severe neurocognitive decline is a feature of Type I and II disease and is associated with premature mortality. Most of the disease-causing β-galactosidase mutations reported in the literature are clustered in exons 2, 6, 15, and 16 of the GLB1 gene. So far 261 pathogenic variants have been described, missense/nonsense mutations being the most prevalent. There are five mouse models of GM1-gangliosidosis reported in the literature generated using different targeting strategies of the Glb1 murine locus. Individual models differ in terms of age of onset of the clinical, biochemical, and pathological signs and symptoms, and overall lifespan. However, they do share the major abnormalities and neurological symptoms that are characteristic of the most severe forms of GM1-gangliosidosis. These mouse models have been used to study pathogenic mechanisms, to identify biomarkers, and to evaluate therapeutic strategies. Three GLB1 gene therapy trials are currently recruiting Type I and Type II patients (NCT04273269, NCT03952637, and NCT04713475) and Type II and Type III patients are being recruited for a trial utilizing the glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor, venglustat (NCT04221451).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena-Raluca Nicoli
- Glycosphingolipid and Glycoprotein Disorders Unit, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ida Annunziata
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Alessandra d’Azzo
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Frances M. Platt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Cynthia J. Tifft
- Glycosphingolipid and Glycoprotein Disorders Unit, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Office of the Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Karolina M. Stepien
- Adult Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, United Kingdom
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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10
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Graceffa V. Clinical Development of Cell Therapies to Halt Lysosomal Storage Diseases: Results and Lessons Learned. Curr Gene Ther 2021; 22:191-213. [PMID: 34323185 DOI: 10.2174/1566523221666210728141924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although cross-correction was discovered more than 50 years ago, and held the promise of drastically improving disease management, still no cure exists for lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs). Cell therapies hold the potential to halt disease progression: either a subset of autologous cells can be ex vivo/ in vivo transfected with the functional gene or allogenic wild type stem cells can be transplanted. However, majority of cell-based attempts have been ineffective, due to the difficulties in reversing neuronal symptomatology, in finding appropriate gene transfection approaches, in inducing immune tolerance, reducing the risk of graft versus host disease (GVHD) when allogenic cells are used and that of immune response when engineered viruses are administered, coupled with a limited secretion and uptake of some enzymes. In the last decade, due to advances in our understanding of lysosomal biology and mechanisms of cross-correction, coupled with progresses in gene therapy, ongoing pre-clinical and clinical investigations have remarkably increased. Even gene editing approaches are currently under clinical experimentation. This review proposes to critically discuss and compare trends and advances in cell-based and gene therapy for LSDs. Systemic gene delivery and transplantation of allogenic stem cells will be initially discussed, whereas proposed brain targeting methods will be then critically outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Graceffa
- Cellular Health and Toxicology Research Group (CHAT), Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Ln, Bellanode, Sligo, Ireland
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11
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Rha AK, Maguire AS, Martin DR. GM1 Gangliosidosis: Mechanisms and Management. Appl Clin Genet 2021; 14:209-233. [PMID: 33859490 PMCID: PMC8044076 DOI: 10.2147/tacg.s206076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The lysosomal storage disorder, GM1 gangliosidosis (GM1), is a neurodegenerative condition resulting from deficiency of the enzyme β-galactosidase (β-gal). Mutation of the GLB1 gene, which codes for β-gal, prevents cleavage of the terminal β-1,4-linked galactose residue from GM1 ganglioside. Subsequent accumulation of GM1 ganglioside and other substrates in the lysosome impairs cell physiology and precipitates dysfunction of the nervous system. Beyond palliative and supportive care, no FDA-approved treatments exist for GM1 patients. Researchers are critically evaluating the efficacy of substrate reduction therapy, pharmacological chaperones, enzyme replacement therapy, stem cell transplantation, and gene therapy for GM1. A Phase I/II clinical trial for GM1 children is ongoing to evaluate the safety and efficacy of adeno-associated virus-mediated GLB1 delivery by intravenous injection, providing patients and families with hope for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allisandra K Rha
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Anne S Maguire
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Douglas R Martin
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
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12
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Cadaoas J, Hu H, Boyle G, Gomero E, Mosca R, Jayashankar K, Machado M, Cullen S, Guzman B, van de Vlekkert D, Annunziata I, Vellard M, Kakkis E, Koppaka V, d’Azzo A. Galactosialidosis: preclinical enzyme replacement therapy in a mouse model of the disease, a proof of concept. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2021; 20:191-203. [PMID: 33426146 PMCID: PMC7782203 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Galactosialidosis is a rare lysosomal storage disease caused by a congenital defect of protective protein/cathepsin A (PPCA) and secondary deficiency of neuraminidase-1 and β-galactosidase. PPCA is a lysosomal serine carboxypeptidase that functions as a chaperone for neuraminidase-1 and β-galactosidase within a lysosomal multi-protein complex. Combined deficiency of the three enzymes leads to accumulation of sialylated glycoproteins and oligosaccharides in tissues and body fluids and manifests in a systemic disease pathology with severity mostly correlating with the type of mutation(s) and age of onset of the symptoms. Here, we describe a proof-of-concept, preclinical study toward the development of enzyme replacement therapy for galactosialidosis, using a recombinant human PPCA. We show that the recombinant enzyme, taken up by patient-derived fibroblasts, restored cathepsin A, neuraminidase-1, and β-galactosidase activities. Long-term, bi-weekly injection of the recombinant enzyme in a cohort of mice with null mutation at the PPCA (CTSA) locus (PPCA -/- ), a faithful model of the disease, demonstrated a dose-dependent, systemic internalization of the enzyme by cells of various organs, including the brain. This resulted in restoration/normalization of the three enzyme activities, resolution of histopathology, and reduction of sialyloligosacchariduria. These positive results underscore the benefits of a PPCA-mediated enzyme replacement therapy for the treatment of galactosialidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Huimin Hu
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | | | - Elida Gomero
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Rosario Mosca
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | | | - Mike Machado
- Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical, Novato, CA 94949, USA
| | - Sean Cullen
- Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical, Novato, CA 94949, USA
| | - Belle Guzman
- Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical, Novato, CA 94949, USA
| | - Diantha van de Vlekkert
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Ida Annunziata
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | | | - Emil Kakkis
- Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical, Novato, CA 94949, USA
| | - Vish Koppaka
- Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical, Novato, CA 94949, USA
| | - Alessandra d’Azzo
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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13
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Allende ML, Zhu H, Kono M, Hoachlander-Hobby LE, Huso VL, Proia RL. Genetic defects in the sphingolipid degradation pathway and their effects on microglia in neurodegenerative disease. Cell Signal 2021; 78:109879. [PMID: 33296739 PMCID: PMC7775721 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids, which function as plasma membrane lipids and signaling molecules, are highly enriched in neuronal and myelin membranes in the nervous system. They are degraded in lysosomes by a defined sequence of enzymatic steps. In the related group of disorders, the sphingolipidoses, mutations in the genes that encode the individual degradative enzymes cause lysosomal accumulation of sphingolipids and often result in severe neurodegenerative disease. Here we review the information indicating that microglia, which actively clear sphingolipid-rich membranes in the brain during development and homeostasis, are directly affected by these mutations and promote neurodegeneration in the sphingolipidoses. We also identify parallels between the sphingolipidoses and more common forms of neurodegeneration, which both exhibit evidence of defective sphingolipid clearance in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Allende
- Genetics of Development and Disease Section, Genetics and Biochemistry Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 9000 Rockville Pike, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hongling Zhu
- Genetics of Development and Disease Section, Genetics and Biochemistry Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 9000 Rockville Pike, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mari Kono
- Genetics of Development and Disease Section, Genetics and Biochemistry Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 9000 Rockville Pike, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lila E Hoachlander-Hobby
- Genetics of Development and Disease Section, Genetics and Biochemistry Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 9000 Rockville Pike, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Vienna L Huso
- Genetics of Development and Disease Section, Genetics and Biochemistry Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 9000 Rockville Pike, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Richard L Proia
- Genetics of Development and Disease Section, Genetics and Biochemistry Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 9000 Rockville Pike, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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14
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Wada M, Shimada Y, Iizuka S, Ishii N, Hiraki H, Tachibana T, Maeda K, Saito M, Arakawa S, Ishimoto T, Nakano T, Ida H, Ohashi T, Kobayashi H. Ex Vivo Gene Therapy Treats Bone Complications of Mucopolysaccharidosis Type II Mouse Models through Bone Remodeling Reactivation. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2020; 19:261-274. [PMID: 33102618 PMCID: PMC7567932 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type II is a disease caused by organ accumulation of glycosaminoglycans due to iduronate 2-sulfatase deficiency. This study investigated the pathophysiology of the bone complications associated with mucopolysaccharidosis II and the effect of lentivirus-mediated gene therapy of hematopoietic stem cells on bone lesions of mucopolysaccharidosis type II mouse models in comparison with enzyme replacement therapy. Bone volume, density, strength, and trabecular number were significantly higher in the untreated mucopolysaccharidosis type II mice than in wild-type mice. Accumulation of glycosaminoglycans caused reduced bone metabolism. Specifically, persistent high serum iduronate 2-sulfatase levels and release of glycosaminoglycans from osteoblasts and osteoclasts in mucopolysaccharidosis type II mice that had undergone gene therapy reactivated bone lineage remodeling, subsequently reducing bone mineral density, strength, and trabecular number to a similar degree as that observed in wild-type mice. Bone formation, resorption parameters, and mineral density in the diaphysis edge did not appear to have been affected by the irradiation administered as a pre-treatment for gene therapy. Hence, the therapeutic effect of gene therapy on the bone complications of mucopolysaccharidosis type II mice possibly outweighed that of enzyme replacement therapy in many aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Wada
- Department of Pediatrics, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Gene Therapy, Research Center for Medicine Sciences, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohta Shimada
- Division of Gene Therapy, Research Center for Medicine Sciences, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayoko Iizuka
- Division of Gene Therapy, Research Center for Medicine Sciences, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsumi Ishii
- Division of Gene Therapy, Research Center for Medicine Sciences, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Hiraki
- Division of Gene Therapy, Research Center for Medicine Sciences, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Tachibana
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Research Center for Medical Science, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Maeda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Saito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoutaro Arakawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Ishimoto
- Biomaterials & Structural Materials Design Area, Course of Materials Science & Engineering, Division of Materials & Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Nakano
- Biomaterials & Structural Materials Design Area, Course of Materials Science & Engineering, Division of Materials & Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ida
- Department of Pediatrics, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Gene Therapy, Research Center for Medicine Sciences, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toya Ohashi
- Department of Pediatrics, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Gene Therapy, Research Center for Medicine Sciences, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kobayashi
- Department of Pediatrics, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Gene Therapy, Research Center for Medicine Sciences, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Hinderer C, Nosratbakhsh B, Katz N, Wilson JM. A Single Injection of an Optimized Adeno-Associated Viral Vector into Cerebrospinal Fluid Corrects Neurological Disease in a Murine Model of GM1 Gangliosidosis. Hum Gene Ther 2020; 31:1169-1177. [PMID: 33045869 PMCID: PMC7698982 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2018.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
GM1 gangliosidosis is a rare neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disease caused by loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding beta-galactosidase (β-gal). There are no approved treatments for GM1 gangliosidosis. Previous studies in animal models have demonstrated that adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector-mediated gene transfer to the brain can restore β-gal expression and prevent the onset of neurological signs. We developed an optimized AAV vector expressing human β-gal and evaluated the efficacy of a single intracerebroventricular injection of this vector into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of a murine disease model. The AAV vector administration into the CSF increased β-gal activity in the brain, reduced neuronal lysosomal storage lesions, prevented the onset of neurological signs and gait abnormalities, and increased survival. These findings demonstrate the potential therapeutic activity of this vector and support its subsequent development for the treatment of GM1 gangliosidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hinderer
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brenden Nosratbakhsh
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nathan Katz
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James M Wilson
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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16
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Fischetto R, Palladino V, Mancardi MM, Giacomini T, Palladino S, Gaeta A, Di Rocco M, Zampini L, Lassandro G, Favia V, Tripaldi ME, Strisciuglio P, Romano A, Severino M, Morrone A, Giordano P. Substrate reduction therapy with Miglustat in pediatric patients with GM1 type 2 gangliosidosis delays neurological involvement: A multicenter experience. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1371. [PMID: 32779865 PMCID: PMC7549581 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In GM1 gangliosidosis the lack of function of β-galactosidase results in an accumulation of GM1 ganglioside and related glycoconjugates in visceral organs, and particularly in the central nervous system, leading to severe disability and premature death. In the type 2 form of the disease, early intervention would be important to avoid precocious complications. To date, there are no effective therapeutic options in preventing progressive neurological deterioration. Substrate reduction therapy with Miglustat, a N-alkylated sugar that inhibits the enzyme glucosylceramide synthase, has been proposed for the treatment of several lysosomal storage disorders such as Gaucher type 1 and Niemann Pick Type C diseases. However, data on Miglustat therapy in patients with GM1 gangliosidosis are still scarce. METHODS We report here the results of Miglustat administration in four Italian children (average age: 55 months, range 20-125) affected by GM1 gangliosidosis type 2 treated in three different Italian pediatric hospitals specialized in metabolic diseases. CONCLUSION This treatment was safe and relatively well tolerated by all patients, with stabilization and/or slowing down of the neurological progression in three subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Fischetto
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Pediatric Medicine, Giovanni XXIII Children's Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Valentina Palladino
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Pediatric Unit, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Maria M Mancardi
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, Clinical and Surgical Neurosciences Department, IRCCS Institute Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Thea Giacomini
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, Clinical and Surgical Neurosciences Department, IRCCS Institute Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Gaeta
- Radiology Unit, Pediatric Hospital Giovanni XXIII, Bari, Italy
| | - Maja Di Rocco
- Unit of Rare Diseases, IRCCS Institute Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Lucia Zampini
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Pediatrics, Polytechnic University of Marche, OspedaliRiuniti, Presidio Salesi, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lassandro
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Pediatric Unit, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Favia
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Pediatric Medicine, Giovanni XXIII Children's Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria E Tripaldi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Pediatric Unit, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Pietro Strisciuglio
- Department of Medical Translational Sciences Section of Pediatrics, University Federico II Naples, Napoli, Italy
| | - Alfonso Romano
- Department of Medical Translational Sciences Section of Pediatrics, University Federico II Naples, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Amelia Morrone
- Paediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Giordano
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Pediatric Unit, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
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17
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Miwa S, Watabe AM, Shimada Y, Higuchi T, Kobayashi H, Fukuda T, Kato F, Ida H, Ohashi T. Efficient engraftment of genetically modified cells is necessary to ameliorate central nervous system involvement of murine model of mucopolysaccharidosis type II by hematopoietic stem cell targeted gene therapy. Mol Genet Metab 2020; 130:262-273. [PMID: 32631737 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II) is a lysosomal storage disease (LSD) caused by a deficiency of the iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS) that catabolizes glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Abnormal accumulations of GAGs in somatic cells lead to various manifestations including central nervous system (CNS) disease. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are the currently available therapy for MPS II, but both therapies fail to improve CNS manifestations. We previously showed that hematopoietic stem cell targeted gene therapy (HSC-GT) with lethal irradiation improved CNS involvement in a murine model of MPS II which lacks the gene coding for IDS. However, the strong preconditioning, with lethal irradiation, would cause a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Therefore, we tested milder preconditioning procedures with either low dose irradiation or low dose irradiation plus an anti c-kit monoclonal antibody (ACK2) to assess CNS effects in mice with MPS II after HSC-GT. Mice from all the HSC-GT groups displayed super-physiological levels of IDS enzyme activity and robust reduction of abnormally accumulated GAGs to the wild type mice levels in peripheral organs. However, only the mice treated with lethal irradiation showed significant cognitive function improvement as well as IDS elevation and GAG reduction in the brain. These results suggest that an efficient engraftment of genetically modified cells for HSC-GT requires strong preconditioning to ameliorate CNS involvement in cases with MPS II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Miwa
- Division of Gene Therapy, Research Center for Medical Sciences, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako M Watabe
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Research, Research Center for Medical Sciences, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohta Shimada
- Division of Gene Therapy, Research Center for Medical Sciences, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Higuchi
- Division of Gene Therapy, Research Center for Medical Sciences, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kobayashi
- Division of Gene Therapy, Research Center for Medical Sciences, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Fukuda
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fusao Kato
- Division of Neuroscience, Research Center for Medical Sciences, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ida
- Division of Gene Therapy, Research Center for Medical Sciences, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toya Ohashi
- Division of Gene Therapy, Research Center for Medical Sciences, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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18
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Favret JM, Weinstock NI, Feltri ML, Shin D. Pre-clinical Mouse Models of Neurodegenerative Lysosomal Storage Diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:57. [PMID: 32351971 PMCID: PMC7174556 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There are over 50 lysosomal hydrolase deficiencies, many of which cause neurodegeneration, cognitive decline and death. In recent years, a number of broad innovative therapies have been proposed and investigated for lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs), such as enzyme replacement, substrate reduction, pharmacologic chaperones, stem cell transplantation, and various forms of gene therapy. Murine models that accurately reflect the phenotypes observed in human LSDs are critical for the development, assessment and implementation of novel translational therapies. The goal of this review is to summarize the neurodegenerative murine LSD models available that recapitulate human disease, and the pre-clinical studies previously conducted. We also describe some limitations and difficulties in working with mouse models of neurodegenerative LSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Daesung Shin
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
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19
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Eikelberg D, Lehmbecker A, Brogden G, Tongtako W, Hahn K, Habierski A, Hennermann JB, Naim HY, Felmy F, Baumgärtner W, Gerhauser I. Axonopathy and Reduction of Membrane Resistance: Key Features in a New Murine Model of Human G M1-Gangliosidosis. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9041004. [PMID: 32252429 PMCID: PMC7230899 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9041004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
GM1-gangliosidosis is caused by a reduced activity of β-galactosidase (Glb1), resulting in intralysosomal accumulations of GM1. The aim of this study was to reveal the pathogenic mechanisms of GM1-gangliosidosis in a new Glb1 knockout mouse model. Glb1−/− mice were analyzed clinically, histologically, immunohistochemically, electrophysiologically and biochemically. Morphological lesions in the central nervous system were already observed in two-month-old mice, whereas functional deficits, including ataxia and tremor, did not start before 3.5-months of age. This was most likely due to a reduced membrane resistance as a compensatory mechanism. Swollen neurons exhibited intralysosomal storage of lipids extending into axons and amyloid precursor protein positive spheroids. Additionally, axons showed a higher kinesin and lower dynein immunoreactivity compared to wildtype controls. Glb1−/− mice also demonstrated loss of phosphorylated neurofilament positive axons and a mild increase in non-phosphorylated neurofilament positive axons. Moreover, marked astrogliosis and microgliosis were found, but no demyelination. In addition to the main storage material GM1, GA1, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine were elevated in the brain. In summary, the current Glb1−/− mice exhibit a so far undescribed axonopathy and a reduced membrane resistance to compensate the functional effects of structural changes. They can be used for detailed examinations of axon–glial interactions and therapy trials of lysosomal storage diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Eikelberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, D-30559 Hannover, Germany; (D.E.); (A.L.); (W.T.); (K.H.); (A.H.); (I.G.)
| | - Annika Lehmbecker
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, D-30559 Hannover, Germany; (D.E.); (A.L.); (W.T.); (K.H.); (A.H.); (I.G.)
| | - Graham Brogden
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, D-30559 Hannover, Germany; (G.B.); (H.Y.N.)
| | - Witchaya Tongtako
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, D-30559 Hannover, Germany; (D.E.); (A.L.); (W.T.); (K.H.); (A.H.); (I.G.)
- c/o Faculty of Veterinary Science, Prince of Sonkla University, 5 Karnjanavanich Rd., Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Kerstin Hahn
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, D-30559 Hannover, Germany; (D.E.); (A.L.); (W.T.); (K.H.); (A.H.); (I.G.)
| | - Andre Habierski
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, D-30559 Hannover, Germany; (D.E.); (A.L.); (W.T.); (K.H.); (A.H.); (I.G.)
| | - Julia B. Hennermann
- Villa Metabolica, University of Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 2, D-55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Hassan Y. Naim
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, D-30559 Hannover, Germany; (G.B.); (H.Y.N.)
| | - Felix Felmy
- Department for Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, D-30559 Hannover, Germany; (D.E.); (A.L.); (W.T.); (K.H.); (A.H.); (I.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ingo Gerhauser
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, D-30559 Hannover, Germany; (D.E.); (A.L.); (W.T.); (K.H.); (A.H.); (I.G.)
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20
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Nagree MS, Scalia S, McKillop WM, Medin JA. An update on gene therapy for lysosomal storage disorders. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2019; 19:655-670. [DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2019.1607837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Murtaza S. Nagree
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto,
Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee,
WI, USA
| | - Simone Scalia
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee,
WI, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey A. Medin
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto,
Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee,
WI, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee,
WI, USA
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21
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Piguet F, Alves S, Cartier N. Clinical Gene Therapy for Neurodegenerative Diseases: Past, Present, and Future. Hum Gene Ther 2017; 28:988-1003. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2017.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Piguet
- Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics Department, Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire, Strasbourg, France
- Inserm U596, Illkirch, France; CNRS, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Faculte des Sciences de la Vie, Universite de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Nathalie Cartier
- INSERM/CEA UMR1169, MIRCen Fontenay aux Roses, France
- Universite Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
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22
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Hematopoietic Stem Cell Gene Therapy for Storage Disease: Current and New Indications. Mol Ther 2017; 25:1155-1162. [PMID: 28389320 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are a broad class of monogenic diseases with an overall incidence of 1:7,000 newborns, due to the defective activity of one or more lysosomal hydrolases or related proteins resulting in storage of un-degraded substrates in the lysosomes. The over 40 different known LSDs share a life-threatening nature, but they are present with extremely variable clinical manifestations, determined by the characteristics and tissue distribution of the material accumulating due to the lysosomal dysfunction. The majority of LSDs lack a curative treatment. This is particularly true for LSDs severely affecting the CNS. Based on current preclinical and clinical evidences, among other treatment modalities, hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy could potentially result in robust therapeutic benefit for LSD patients, with particular indication for those characterized by severe brain damage. Optimization of current approaches and technology, as well as implementation of clinical trials for novel indications, and prolonged and more extensive follow-up of the already treated patients will allow translating this promise into new medicinal products.
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23
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Regier DS, Proia RL, D’Azzo A, Tifft CJ. The GM1 and GM2 Gangliosidoses: Natural History and Progress toward Therapy. PEDIATRIC ENDOCRINOLOGY REVIEWS : PER 2016; 13 Suppl 1:663-673. [PMID: 27491214 PMCID: PMC8186028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The gangliosidoses are lysosomal storage disorders caused by accumulation of GM1 or GM2 gangliosides. GM1 gangliosidosis has both central nervous system and systemic findings; while, GM2 gangliosidosis is restricted primarily to the central nervous system. Both disorders have autosomal recessive modes of inheritance and a continuum of clinical presentations from a severe infantile form to a milder, chronic adult form. Both are devastating diseases without cure or specific treatment however, with the use of supportive aggressive medical management, the lifespan and quality of life has been extended for both diseases. Naturally occurring and engineered animal models that mimic the human diseases have enhanced our understanding of the pathogenesis of disease progression. Some models have shown significant improvement in symptoms and lifespan with enzyme replacement, substrate reduction, and anti-inflammatory treatments alone or in combination. More recently gene therapy has shown impressive results in large and small animal models. Treatment with FDA-approved glucose analogs to reduce the amount of ganglioside substrate is used as off-label treatments for some patients. Therapies also under clinical development include small molecule chaperones and gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra S. Regier
- Genetics and Metabolism, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Richard L. Proia
- Genetics of Development and Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Alessandra D’Azzo
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis TN
| | - Cynthia J. Tifft
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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Condori J, Acosta W, Ayala J, Katta V, Flory A, Martin R, Radin J, Cramer CL, Radin DN. Enzyme replacement for GM1-gangliosidosis: Uptake, lysosomal activation, and cellular disease correction using a novel β-galactosidase:RTB lectin fusion. Mol Genet Metab 2016; 117:199-209. [PMID: 26766614 PMCID: PMC6116835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
New enzyme delivery technologies are required for treatment of lysosomal storage disorders with significant pathologies associated with the so-called "hard-to-treat" tissues and organs. Genetic deficiencies in the GLB1 gene encoding acid β-galactosidase lead to GM1-gangliosidosis or Morquio B, lysosomal diseases with predominant disease manifestation associated with the central nervous system or skeletal system, respectively. Current lysosomal ERTs are delivered into cells based on receptor-mediated endocytosis and do not effectively address several hard-to-treat organs including those critical for GM1-gangliosidosis patients. Lectins provide alternative cell-uptake mechanisms based on adsorptive-mediated endocytosis and thus may provide unique biodistribution for lysosomal disease therapeutics. In the current study, genetic fusions of the plant galactose/galactosamine-binding lectin, RTB, and the human acid β-galactosidase enzyme were produced using a plant-based bioproduction platform. β-gal:RTB and RTB:β-gal fusion products retained both lectin activity and β-galactosidase activity. Purified proteins representing both fusion orientations were efficiently taken up into GM1 patient fibroblasts and mediated the reduction of GM1 ganglioside substrate with activities matching mammalian cell-derived β-galactosidase. In contrast, plant-derived β-gal alone was enzymatically active but did not mediate uptake or correction indicating the need for either lectin-based (plant product) or mannose-6-phosphate-based (mammalian product) delivery. Native β-galactosidase undergoes catalytic activation (cleavage within the C-terminal region) in lysosomes and is stabilized by association with protective protein/cathepsin A. Enzymatic activity and lysosomal protein processing of the RTB fusions were assessed following internalization into GM1 fibroblasts. Within 1-4h, both β-gal:RTB and RTB:β-gal were processed to the ~64kDa "activated" β-gal form; the RTB lectin was cleaved and rapidly degraded. The activated β-gal was still detected at 48h suggesting interactions with protective protein/cathepsin A. Uptake-saturation analyses indicated that the RTB adsorptive-mediated mechanisms of β-gal:RTB supported significantly greater accumulation of β-galactose activity in fibroblasts compared to the receptor-mediated mechanisms of the mammalian cell-derived β-gal. These data demonstrate that plant-made β-gal:RTB functions as an effective replacement enzyme for GM1-gangliosidosis - delivering enzyme into cells, enabling essential lysosomal processing, and mediating disease substrate clearance at the cellular level. RTB provides novel uptake behaviors and thus may provide new receptor-independent strategies that could broadly impact lysosomal disease treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Condori
- BioStrategies LC, P.O. Box 2428, State University, AR 72467, USA
| | - Walter Acosta
- BioStrategies LC, P.O. Box 2428, State University, AR 72467, USA
| | - Jorge Ayala
- BioStrategies LC, P.O. Box 2428, State University, AR 72467, USA
| | - Varun Katta
- BioStrategies LC, P.O. Box 2428, State University, AR 72467, USA
| | - Ashley Flory
- BioStrategies LC, P.O. Box 2428, State University, AR 72467, USA
| | - Reid Martin
- BioStrategies LC, P.O. Box 2428, State University, AR 72467, USA; Arkansas Biosciences Institute & Dept. Biological Sciences, P.O Box 639, Arkansas State University-Jonesboro, State University, AR 72467, USA
| | - Jonathan Radin
- BioStrategies LC, P.O. Box 2428, State University, AR 72467, USA
| | - Carole L Cramer
- BioStrategies LC, P.O. Box 2428, State University, AR 72467, USA; Arkansas Biosciences Institute & Dept. Biological Sciences, P.O Box 639, Arkansas State University-Jonesboro, State University, AR 72467, USA.
| | - David N Radin
- BioStrategies LC, P.O. Box 2428, State University, AR 72467, USA
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Biffi A. Gene therapy for lysosomal storage disorders: a good start. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 25:R65-75. [PMID: 26604151 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are a heterogeneous group of inherited diseases with a collective frequency of ∼1 in 7000 births, resulting from the deficiency in one or more enzymes or transporters that normally reside within the lysosomes. Pathology results from the progressive accumulation of uncleaved lipids, glycoproteins and/or glycosaminoglycans in the lysosomes and secondary damages that affect the brain, viscera, bones and connective tissues. Most treatment modalities developed for LSD, including gene therapy (GT), are based on the lysosome-specific cross-correction mechanism, by which close proximity of normal cells leads to the correction of the biochemical consequences of enzymatic deficiency within the neighboring cells. Here, GT efforts addressing these disorders are reviewed with an up-to-date discussion of their impact on the LSD disease phenotype in animal models and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Biffi
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (HSR-TIGET), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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26
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27
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Weismann CM, Ferreira J, Keeler AM, Su Q, Qui L, Shaffer SA, Xu Z, Gao G, Sena-Esteves M. Systemic AAV9 gene transfer in adult GM1 gangliosidosis mice reduces lysosomal storage in CNS and extends lifespan. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:4353-64. [PMID: 25964428 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
GM1 gangliosidosis (GM1) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease where GLB1 gene mutations result in a reduction or absence of lysosomal acid β-galactosidase (βgal) activity. βgal deficiency leads to accumulation of GM1-ganglioside in the central nervous system (CNS). GM1 is characterized by progressive neurological decline resulting in generalized paralysis, extreme emaciation and death. In this study, we assessed the therapeutic efficacy of an adeno-associated virus (AAV) 9-mβgal vector infused systemically in adult GM1 mice (βGal(-/-)) at 1 × 10(11) or 3 × 10(11) vector genomes (vg). Biochemical analysis of AAV9-treated GM1 mice showed high βGal activity in liver and serum. Moderate βGal levels throughout CNS resulted in a 36-76% reduction in GM1-ganglioside content in the brain and 75-86% in the spinal cord. Histological analyses of the CNS of animals treated with 3 × 10(11) vg dose revealed increased presence of βgal and clearance of lysosomal storage throughout cortex, hippocampus, brainstem and spinal cord. Storage reduction in these regions was accompanied by a marked decrease in astrogliosis. AAV9 treatment resulted in improved performance in multiple tests of motor function and behavior. Also the majority of GM1 mice in the 3 × 10(11) vg cohort retained ambulation and rearing despite reaching the humane endpoint due to weight loss. Importantly, the median survival of AAV9 treatment groups (316-576 days) was significantly increased over controls (250-264 days). This study shows that moderate widespread expression of βgal in the CNS of GM1 gangliosidosis mice is sufficient to achieve significant biochemical impact with phenotypic amelioration and extension in lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Scott A Shaffer
- Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
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Stein A, Stroobants S, Gieselmann V, D'Hooge R, Matzner U. Anti-inflammatory Therapy With Simvastatin Improves Neuroinflammation and CNS Function in a Mouse Model of Metachromatic Leukodystrophy. Mol Ther 2015; 23:1160-1168. [PMID: 25896249 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2015.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is a lysosomal storage disease caused by a functional deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme arylsulfatase A. The prevailing late-infantile variant of MLD is characterized by widespread and progressive demyelination of the central nervous system (CNS) causing death during childhood. In order to gain insight into the pathomechanism of the disease and to identify novel therapeutic targets, we analyzed neuroinflammation in two mouse models reproducing a mild, nondemyelinating, and a more severe, demyelinating, variant of MLD, respectively. Microgliosis and upregulation of cytokine/chemokine levels were clearly more pronounced in the demyelinating model. The analysis of the temporal cytokine/chemokine profiles revealed that the onset of demyelination is preceded by a sustained elevation of the macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α followed by an upregulation of MIP-1β, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, and several interleukins. The tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α remains unchanged. Treatment of the demyelinating mouse model with the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug simvastatin reduced neuroinflammation, improved the swimming performance and ataxic gait, and retarded demyelination of the spinal cord. Our data suggest that neuroinflammation is causative for demyelination in MLD mice and that anti-inflammatory treatment might be a novel therapeutic option to improve the CNS function of MLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Stein
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stijn Stroobants
- Laboratory of Biological Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Volkmar Gieselmann
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität, Bonn, Germany
| | - Rudi D'Hooge
- Laboratory of Biological Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ulrich Matzner
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität, Bonn, Germany.
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Wakabayashi T, Shimada Y, Akiyama K, Higuchi T, Fukuda T, Kobayashi H, Eto Y, Ida H, Ohashi T. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Gene Therapy Corrects Neuropathic Phenotype in Murine Model of Mucopolysaccharidosis Type II. Hum Gene Ther 2015; 26:357-66. [PMID: 25761450 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2014.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II) is a neuropathic lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency of iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS), which leads to the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). We demonstrated that biochemical alterations in the brains of MPS II mice are not corrected by bone marrow transplantation (BMT) or enzyme replacement therapy, although BMT has been shown to be effective for other neurodegenerative MPSs, such as Hurler syndrome. In this study, we demonstrated that lentiviral isogeneic hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) gene therapy corrected neuronal manifestations by ameliorating lysosomal storage and autophagic dysfunction in the brains of MPS II mice. IDS-transduced HSCs increased enzyme activity both in various visceral organs and the CNS. Decreased levels of GAGs were observed in many organs, including cerebra, after transplantation of IDS-transduced HSCs. In addition, lentiviral HSC gene therapy normalized the secondary accumulation of autophagic substrates, such as p62 and ubiquitin-protein conjugates, in cerebra. Furthermore, in contrast to naive MPS II mice, there was no deterioration of neuronal function observed in transplant recipients. These results indicated that lentiviral HSC gene therapy is a promising approach for the treatment of CNS lesions in MPS II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Wakabayashi
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Jikei University School of Medicine , Tokyo 105-8461, Japan .,2 Division of Gene Therapy, Research Center for Medical Sciences, Jikei University School of Medicine , Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Yohta Shimada
- 2 Division of Gene Therapy, Research Center for Medical Sciences, Jikei University School of Medicine , Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Akiyama
- 3 Department of Pediatrics, Kitasato University School of Medicine , Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Takashi Higuchi
- 2 Division of Gene Therapy, Research Center for Medical Sciences, Jikei University School of Medicine , Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Takahiro Fukuda
- 4 Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, Jikei University School of Medicine , Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kobayashi
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Jikei University School of Medicine , Tokyo 105-8461, Japan .,2 Division of Gene Therapy, Research Center for Medical Sciences, Jikei University School of Medicine , Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Eto
- 5 Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Neurological Disorders , Kanagawa 215-0026, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ida
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Jikei University School of Medicine , Tokyo 105-8461, Japan .,2 Division of Gene Therapy, Research Center for Medical Sciences, Jikei University School of Medicine , Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Toya Ohashi
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Jikei University School of Medicine , Tokyo 105-8461, Japan .,2 Division of Gene Therapy, Research Center for Medical Sciences, Jikei University School of Medicine , Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
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30
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Akgoc Z, Sena-Esteves M, Martin DR, Han X, d'Azzo A, Seyfried TN. Bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate: a secondary storage lipid in the gangliosidoses. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:1006-13. [PMID: 25795792 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m057851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP) is a negatively charged glycerophospholipid with an unusual sn-1;sn-1' structural configuration. BMP is primarily enriched in endosomal/lysosomal membranes. BMP is thought to play a role in glycosphingolipid degradation and cholesterol transport. Elevated BMP levels have been found in many lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs), suggesting an association with lysosomal storage material. The gangliosidoses are a group of neurodegenerative LSDs involving the accumulation of either GM1 or GM2 gangliosides resulting from inherited deficiencies in β-galactosidase or β-hexosaminidase, respectively. Little information is available on BMP levels in gangliosidosis brain tissue. Our results showed that the content of BMP in brain was significantly greater in humans and in animals (mice, cats, American black bears) with either GM1 or GM2 ganglioside storage diseases, than in brains of normal subjects. The storage of BMP and ganglioside GM2 in brain were reduced similarly following adeno-associated viral-mediated gene therapy in Sandhoff disease mice. We also found that C22:6, C18:0, and C18:1 were the predominant BMP fatty acid species in gangliosidosis brains. The results show that BMP accumulates as a secondary storage material in the brain of a broad range of mammals with gangliosidoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Akgoc
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467
| | - Miguel Sena-Esteves
- Department of Neurology and Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Douglas R Martin
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center and Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL 36849
| | - Xianlin Han
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL 32827
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Abstract
Developing therapies for the brain is perhaps the greatest challenge facing modern medicine today. While a great many potential therapies show promise in animal models, precious few make it to approval or are even studied in human patients. The particular challenges to the translation of neurotherapeutics to the clinic are many, but a major barrier is difficulty in delivering therapeutics into the brain. The goal of this workshop was to present ways to deliver therapeutics to the brain, including the limitations of each method, and describe ways to track their delivery, safety, and efficacy. Solving the problem of delivery will aid translation of therapeutics for patients suffering from neurodegeneration and other disorders of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia I Dickson
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 W. Carson Street, HH1, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA,
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32
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Cartier N, Lewis CA, Zhang R, Rossi FMV. The role of microglia in human disease: therapeutic tool or target? Acta Neuropathol 2014; 128:363-80. [PMID: 25107477 PMCID: PMC4131134 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-014-1330-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Microglia have long been the focus of much attention due to their strong proliferative response (microgliosis) to essentially any kind of damage to the CNS. More recently, we reached the realization that these cells play specific roles in determining progression and outcomes of essentially all CNS disease. Thus, microglia has ceased to be viewed as an accessory to underlying pathologies and has now taken center stage as a therapeutic target. Here, we review how our understanding of microglia's involvement in promoting or limiting the pathogenesis of diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) and lysosomal storage diseases (LSD) has changed over time. While strategies to suppress the deleterious and promote the virtuous functions of microglia will undoubtedly be forthcoming, replacement of these cells has already proven its usefulness in a clinical setting. Over the past few years, we have reached the realization that microglia have a developmental origin that is distinct from that of bone marrow-derived myelomonocytic cells. Nevertheless, microglia can be replaced, in specific situations, by the progeny of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), pointing to a strategy to engineer the CNS environment through the transplantation of modified HSCs. Thus, microglia replacement has been successfully exploited to deliver therapeutics to the CNS in human diseases such as X-ALD and LSD. With this outlook in mind, we will discuss the evidence existing so far for microglial involvement in the pathogenesis and the therapy of specific CNS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Cartier
- INSERM U986, 80 rue du Général Leclerc, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- MIRCen CEA Fontenay aux Roses, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- University Paris-Sud, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Coral-Ann Lewis
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1C7 Canada
| | - Regan Zhang
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1C7 Canada
| | - Fabio M. V. Rossi
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1C7 Canada
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33
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Cheng SH. Gene therapy for the neurological manifestations in lysosomal storage disorders. J Lipid Res 2014; 55:1827-38. [PMID: 24683200 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r047175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past several years, considerable progress has been made in the development of gene therapy as a therapeutic strategy for a variety of inherited metabolic diseases, including neuropathic lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs). The premise of gene therapy for this group of diseases is borne of findings that genetic modification of a subset of cells can provide a more global benefit by virtue of the ability of the secreted lysosomal enzymes to effect cross-correction of adjacent and distal cells. Preclinical studies in small and large animal models of these disorders support the application of either a direct in vivo approach using recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors or an ex vivo strategy using lentiviral vector-modified hematopoietic stem cells to correct the neurological component of these diseases. Early clinical studies utilizing both approaches have begun or are in late-stage planning for a small number of neuropathic LSDs. Although initial indications from these studies are encouraging, it is evident that second-generation vectors that exhibit a greater safety profile and transduction activity may be required before this optimism can be fully realized. Here, I review recent progress and the remaining challenges to treat the neurological aspects of various LSDs using this therapeutic paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seng H Cheng
- Genzyme, a Sanofi Company, Framingham, MA 01701-9322
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34
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Activation of CXCL10/CXCR3 Signaling Attenuates Morphine Analgesia: Involvement of Gi Protein. J Mol Neurosci 2014; 53:571-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-013-0223-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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35
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Lysosomal multienzyme complex: pros and cons of working together. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 71:2017-32. [PMID: 24337808 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1538-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitous distribution of lysosomes and their heterogeneous protein composition reflects the versatility of these organelles in maintaining cell homeostasis and their importance in tissue differentiation and remodeling. In lysosomes, the degradation of complex, macromolecular substrates requires the synergistic action of multiple hydrolases that usually work in a stepwise fashion. This catalytic machinery explains the existence of lysosomal enzyme complexes that can be dynamically assembled and disassembled to efficiently and quickly adapt to the pool of substrates to be processed or degraded, adding extra tiers to the regulation of the individual protein components. An example of such a complex is the one composed of three hydrolases that are ubiquitously but differentially expressed: the serine carboxypeptidase, protective protein/cathepsin A (PPCA), the sialidase, neuraminidase-1 (NEU1), and the glycosidase β-galactosidase (β-GAL). Next to this 'core' complex, the existence of sub-complexes, which may contain additional components, and function at the cell surface or extracellularly, suggests as yet unexplored functions of these enzymes. Here we review how studies of basic biological processes in the mouse models of three lysosomal storage disorders, galactosialidosis, sialidosis, and GM1-gangliosidosis, revealed new and unexpected roles for the three respective affected enzymes, Ppca, Neu1, and β-Gal, that go beyond their canonical degradative activities. These findings have broadened our perspective on their functions and may pave the way for the development of new therapies for these lysosomal storage disorders.
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36
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Tanaka A, Okuyama T, Suzuki Y, Sakai N, Takakura H, Sawada T, Tanaka T, Otomo T, Ohashi T, Ishige-Wada M, Yabe H, Ohura T, Suzuki N, Kato K, Adachi S, Kobayashi R, Mugishima H, Kato S. Long-term efficacy of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation on brain involvement in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type II: a nationwide survey in Japan. Mol Genet Metab 2012; 107:513-20. [PMID: 23022072 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2012.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2012] [Accepted: 09/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has not been indicated for patients with mucopolysaccharidosis II (MPS II, Hunter syndrome), while it is indicated for mucopolysaccharidosis I (MPS I) patients <2 years of age and an intelligence quotient (IQ) of ≥ 70. Even after the approval of enzyme replacement therapy for both of MPS I and II, HSCT is still indicated for patients with MPS I severe form (Hurler syndrome). To evaluate the efficacy and benefit of HSCT in MPS II patients, we carried out a nationwide retrospective study in Japan. Activities of daily living (ADL), IQ, brain magnetic resonance image (MRI) lesions, cardiac valvular regurgitation, and urinary glycosaminoglycan (GAG) were analyzed at baseline and at the most recent visit. We also performed a questionnaire analysis about ADL for an HSCT-treated cohort and an untreated cohort (natural history). Records of 21 patients were collected from eight hospitals. The follow-up period in the retrospective study was 9.6 ± 3.5 years. ADL was maintained around baseline levels. Cribriform changes and ventricular dilatation on brain MRI were improved in 9/17 and 4/17 patients, respectively. Stabilization of brain atrophy was shown in 11/17 patients. Cardiac valvular regurgitation was diminished in 20/63 valves. Urinary GAG concentration was remarkably lower in HSCT-treated patients than age-matched untreated patients. In the questionnaire analysis, speech deterioration was observed in 12/19 patients in the untreated cohort and 1/7 patient in HSCT-treated cohort. HSCT showed effectiveness towards brain or heart involvement, when performed before signs of brain atrophy or valvular regurgitation appear. We consider HSCT is worthwhile in early stages of the disease for patients with MPS II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akemi Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
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Brain conditioning is instrumental for successful microglia reconstitution following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:15018-23. [PMID: 22923692 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1205858109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent hypothesis that postnatal microglia are maintained independently of circulating monocytes by local precursors that colonize the brain before birth has relevant implications for the treatment of various neurological diseases, including lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs), for which hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is applied to repopulate the recipient myeloid compartment, including microglia, with cells expressing the defective functional hydrolase. By studying wild-type and LSD mice at diverse time-points after HCT, we showed the occurrence of a short-term wave of brain infiltration by a fraction of the transplanted hematopoietic progenitors, independently from the administration of a preparatory regimen and from the presence of a disease state in the brain. However, only the use of a conditioning regimen capable of ablating functionally defined brain-resident myeloid precursors allowed turnover of microglia with the donor, mediated by local proliferation of early immigrants rather than entrance of mature cells from the circulation.
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Reaux-Le Goazigo A, Rivat C, Kitabgi P, Pohl M, Melik Parsadaniantz S. Cellular and subcellular localization of CXCL12 and CXCR4 in rat nociceptive structures: physiological relevance. Eur J Neurosci 2012; 36:2619-31. [PMID: 22694179 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2012.08179.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Initial studies implicated the chemokine CXC motif ligand 12 (CXCL12) and its cognate CXC motif receptor 4 (CXCR4) in pain modulation. However, there has been no description of the distribution, transport and axonal sorting of CXCL12 and CXCR4 in rat nociceptive structures, and their direct participation in nociception modulation has not been demonstrated. Here, we report that acute intrathecal administration of CXCL12 induced mechanical hypersensitivity in naive rats. This effect was prevented by a CXCR4-neutralizing antibody. To determine the morphological basis of this behavioural response, we used light and electron microscopic immunohistochemistry to map CXCL12- and CXCR4-immunoreactive elements in dorsal root ganglia, lumbar spinal cord, sciatic nerve and skin. Light microscopy analysis revealed CXCL12 and CXCR4 immunoreactivity in calcitonin gene related peptide-containing peptidergic primary sensory neurons, which were both conveyed to central and peripheral sensory nerve terminals. Electron microscopy clearly demonstrated CXCL12 and CXCR4 immunoreactivity in primary sensory nerve terminals in the dorsal horn; both were sorted into small clear vesicles and large dense-core vesicles. This suggests that CXCL12 and CXCR4 are trafficked from nerve cell bodies to the dorsal horn. Double immunogold labelling for CXCL12 and calcitonin gene related peptide revealed partial vesicular colocalization in axonal terminals. We report, for the first time, that CXCR4 receptors are mainly located on the neuronal plasma membrane, where they are present at pre-synaptic and post-synaptic sites of central terminals. Receptor inactivation experiments, behavioural studies and morphological analyses provide strong evidence that the CXCL12/CXCR4 system is involved in modulation of nociceptive signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle Reaux-Le Goazigo
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut Cerveau Moelle (CrICM), UMR S 975 INSERM-UMR 7225 CNRS-UPMC, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Faculty of Medicine Pitié Salpêtrière, 91 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France.
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Lopez ME, Klein AD, Hong J, Dimbil UJ, Scott MP. Neuronal and epithelial cell rescue resolves chronic systemic inflammation in the lipid storage disorder Niemann-Pick C. Hum Mol Genet 2012; 21:2946-60. [PMID: 22493001 PMCID: PMC3373242 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/dds126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic systemic inflammation is thought to be a major contributor to metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. Since inflammatory components are shared among different disorders, targeting inflammation is an attractive option for mitigating disease. To test the significance of inflammation in the lipid storage disorder (LSD) Niemann-Pick C (NPC), we deleted the macrophage inflammatory gene Mip1a/Ccl3 from NPC diseased mice. Deletion of Ccl3 had been reported to delay neuronal loss in Sandhoff LSD mice by inhibiting macrophage infiltration. For NPC mice, in contrast, deleting Ccl3 did not retard neurodegeneration and worsened the clinical outcome. Depletion of visceral tissue macrophages also did not alter central nervous system (CNS) pathology and instead increased liver injury, suggesting a limited macrophage infiltration response into the CNS and a beneficial role of macrophage activity in visceral tissue. Prevention of neuron loss or liver injury, even at late stages in the disease, was achieved through specific rescue of NPC disease in neurons or in liver epithelial cells, respectively. Local epithelial cell correction was also sufficient to reduce the macrophage-associated pathology in lung tissue. These results demonstrate that elevated inflammation and macrophage activity does not necessarily contribute to neurodegeneration and tissue injury, and LSD defects in immune cells may not preclude an appropriate inflammatory response. We conclude that inflammation remains secondary to neuronal and epithelial cell dysfunction and does not irreversibly contribute to the pathogenic cascade in NPC disease. Without further exploration of possible beneficial roles of inflammatory mediators, targeting inflammation may not be therapeutically effective at ameliorating disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel E Lopez
- Department of Developmental Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine Clark Center, 318 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5439, USA
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) encompass more than 50 distinct diseases, caused by defects in various aspects of lysosomal function. Neurodegeneration and/or dysmyelination are the hallmark of roughly 70% of LSDs. Gene therapy represents a promising approach for the treatment of CNS manifestations in LSDs, as it has the potential to provide a permanent source of the deficient enzyme, either by direct injection of vectors or by transplantation of gene-corrected cells. In this latter approach, the biology of neural stem/progenitor cells and hematopoietic cells might be exploited. AREAS COVERED Based on an extensive literature search up until March 2011, the author reviews and discusses the progress, the crucial aspects and the major challenges towards the development of novel gene therapy strategies aimed to target the CNS, with particular attention to direct intracerebral gene delivery and transplantation of neural stem/progenitor cells. EXPERT OPINION The implementation of viral vector delivery systems with specific tropism, regulated transgene expression, low immunogenicity and low genotoxic risk and the improvement in isolation and manipulation of relevant cell types to be transplanted, are fundamental challenges to the field. Also, combinatorial strategies might be required to achieve full correction in LSDs with neurological involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Gritti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (HSR-TIGET), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milano, Italy.
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Hawkins-Salsbury JA, Reddy AS, Sands MS. Combination therapies for lysosomal storage disease: is the whole greater than the sum of its parts? Hum Mol Genet 2011; 20:R54-60. [PMID: 21421999 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs), as a group, are among the most common inherited diseases affecting children. The primary defect is typically a genetic deficiency of one of the lysosomal enzymes, often causing accumulation of undegraded substrates within the lysosome. This accumulation causes numerous secondary effects that contribute to the disease phenotype. Viral-mediated gene therapy (GT) can supply a persistent source of the deficient enzyme. However, with some notable exceptions, GT has been only modestly successful as a single approach. Recently, various therapies have been combined in order to more effectively target the diverse pathogenic mechanisms at work in LSDs. One strategy that has shown promise involves providing a persistent source of the deficient enzyme (GT, stem cell transplantation) while targeting a secondary consequence of disease with a more transient approach (substrate reduction, anti-inflammatories, pharmacological mimetic, etc.). This general strategy has resulted in both additive and synergistic effects. Interestingly, some therapeutic approaches by themselves provide essentially no clinical benefit but contribute greatly to the overall efficacy when used in combination with other treatments. Unfortunately, no therapeutic combination is universally effective. This adds to the difficulty in predicting and identifying combinations that will be most effective for individual LSDs. A better understanding of both pathogenic and therapeutic mechanisms is necessary in order to identify potentially successful combinations. While a single treatment would be ideal, the complex nature of these diseases may unavoidably limit the efficacy of single therapies. In order to more successfully treat LSDs, a shift in focus towards a combination therapy may be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline A Hawkins-Salsbury
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University, Campus PO Box 8007, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Chen KA, Cruz PE, Lanuto DJ, Flotte TR, Borchelt DR, Srivastava A, Zhang J, Steindler DA, Zheng T. Cellular fusion for gene delivery to SCA1 affected Purkinje neurons. Mol Cell Neurosci 2011; 47:61-70. [PMID: 21420496 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2011.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Revised: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebellar Purkinje neurons (PNs) possess a well characterized propensity to fuse with bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs), producing heterokaryons with Purkinje cell identities. This offers the potential to rescue/repair at risk or degenerating PNs in the inherited ataxias, including Spinocerebellar Ataxia 1 (SCA1), by introducing therapeutic factors through BMDCs to potentially halt or reverse disease progression. In this study, we combined gene therapy and a stem cell-based treatment to attempt repair of at-risk PNs through cell-cell fusion in a Sca1(154Q/2Q) knock-in mouse model. BMDCs enriched for the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) population were genetically modified using adeno-associated viral vector 7 (AAV7) to carry SCA1 modifier genes and transplanted into irradiated Sca1(154Q/2Q) mice. Binucleated Purkinje heterokaryons with sex-mismatched donor Y chromosomes were detected and successfully expressed the modifier genes in vivo. Potential effects of the new genome within Purkinje heterokaryons were evaluated using nuclear inclusions (NIs) as a biological marker to reflect possible modifications of the SCA1 disease process. An overall decrease in number of NIs and an increase in the number of surviving PNs were observed in treated Sca1(154Q/2Q). Furthermore, Bergmann glia were found to have fusogenic potential with the donor population and reveal another potential route of therapeutic entry into at-risk cells of the SCA1 cerebellum. This study presents a first step towards a proof-of-principle that combines somatic cellular fusion events with a neuroprotective gene therapy approach for providing potential neuronal protection/repair in a variety of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Amy Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, The Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute of the University of Florida, USA
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Molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis in a glycosphingolipid and a glycoprotein storage disease. Biochem Soc Trans 2011; 38:1453-7. [PMID: 21118106 DOI: 10.1042/bst0381453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The lysosomal system comprises a specialized network of organelles crucial for the sorting, digestion, recycling and secretion of cellular components. With their content of hydrolytic enzymes, lysosomes regulate the degradation of a multitude of substrates that reach these organelles via the biosynthetic or the endocytic route. Gene defects that affect one or more of these hydrolases lead to LSDs (lysosomal storage diseases). This underscores the apparent lack of redundancy of these enzymes and the importance of the lysosomal system in cell and tissue homoeostasis. Some of the lysosomal enzymes may form multiprotein complexes, which usually work synergistically on substrates and, in this configuration, may respond more efficiently to changes in substrate load and composition. A well-characterized lysosomal multienzyme complex is the one comprising the glycosidases β-gal (β-galactosidase) and NEU1 (neuramidase-1), and of the serine carboxypeptidase PPCA (protective protein/cathepsin A). Three neurodegenerative LSDs are caused by either single or combined deficiency of these lysosomal enzymes. Sialidosis (NEU1 deficiency) and galactosialidosis (combined NEU1 and β-gal deficiency, secondary to a primary defect of PPCA) belong to the glycoprotein storage diseases, whereas GM1-gangliosidosis (β-gal deficiency) is a glycosphingolipid storage disease. Identification of novel molecular pathways that are deregulated because of loss of enzyme activity and/or accumulation of specific metabolites in various cell types has shed light on mechanisms of disease pathogenesis and may pave the way for future development of new therapies for these LSDs.
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Baek RC, Broekman MLD, Leroy SG, Tierney LA, Sandberg MA, d'Azzo A, Seyfried TN, Sena-Esteves M. AAV-mediated gene delivery in adult GM1-gangliosidosis mice corrects lysosomal storage in CNS and improves survival. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13468. [PMID: 20976108 PMCID: PMC2956705 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 09/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND GM1-gangliosidosis is a glycosphingolipid (GSL) lysosomal storage disease caused by a genetic deficiency of acid β-galactosidase (βgal), which results in the accumulation of GM1-ganglioside and its asialo-form (GA1) primarily in the CNS. Age of onset ranges from infancy to adulthood, and excessive ganglioside accumulation produces progressive neurodegeneration and psychomotor retardation in humans. Currently, there are no effective therapies for the treatment of GM1-gangliosidosis. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study we examined the effect of thalamic infusion of AAV2/1-βgal vector in adult GM1 mice on enzyme distribution, activity, and GSL content in the CNS, motor behavior, and survival. Six to eight week-old GM1 mice received bilateral injections of AAV vector in the thalamus, or thalamus and deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) with pre-determined endpoints at 1 and 4 months post-injection, and the humane endpoint, or 52 weeks of age. Enzyme activity was elevated throughout the CNS of AAV-treated GM1 mice and GSL storage nearly normalized in most structures analyzed, except in the spinal cord which showed ∼50% reduction compared to age-matched untreated GM1 mice spinal cord. Survival was significantly longer in AAV-treated GM1 mice (52 wks) than in untreated mice. However the motor performance of AAV-treated GM1 mice declined over time at a rate similar to that observed in untreated GM1 mice. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our studies show that the AAV-modified thalamus can be used as a 'built-in' central node network for widespread distribution of lysosomal enzymes in the mouse cerebrum. In addition, this study indicates that thalamic delivery of AAV vectors should be combined with additional targets to supply the cerebellum and spinal cord with therapeutic levels of enzyme necessary to achieve complete correction of the neurological phenotype in GM1 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rena C. Baek
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Marike L. D. Broekman
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Anatomy, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stanley G. Leroy
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Laryssa A. Tierney
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Sandberg
- Berman-Gund Laboratory for the Study of Retinal Degenerations, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Alessandra d'Azzo
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Thomas N. Seyfried
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Miguel Sena-Esteves
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Schiffmann R. Therapeutic approaches for neuronopathic lysosomal storage disorders. J Inherit Metab Dis 2010; 33:373-9. [PMID: 20162366 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-010-9047-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2009] [Revised: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 01/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Therapy of the central nervous system (CNS) manifestations of lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) has remained a major challenge because of its inability to deliver therapeutic agents efficiently across the intact blood-brain barrier. Non-specific therapies such as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation have been useful in globoid cell leukodystrophy (Krabbe disease) and in some mucopolysaccharidoses. Anti-inflammatory agents also show promise as adjuvant therapy. High doses of replacement therapy with native or modified enzyme show renewed promise for correction of CNS cells. Alternatively, small molecules can enter the brain relatively easily and promote reduction of accumulated substrate or function as pharmacological chaperones to enhance the level of the deficient enzyme. Gene therapy is still being developed and tested in patients. It is therefore likely that, thanks to a better understanding of disease mechanism, a variety of therapeutic approaches, used alone or in combination, will be useful to treat the devastating neurological complications of LSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Schiffmann
- Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, TX 75226, USA.
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Lysosomal storage of oligosaccharide and glycosphingolipid in imino sugar treated cells. Glycoconj J 2010; 27:297-308. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-010-9278-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2009] [Revised: 01/08/2010] [Accepted: 01/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Tessitore A, Pirozzi M, Auricchio A. Abnormal autophagy, ubiquitination, inflammation and apoptosis are dependent upon lysosomal storage and are useful biomarkers of mucopolysaccharidosis VI. PATHOGENETICS 2009; 2:4. [PMID: 19531206 PMCID: PMC2708151 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8417-2-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2009] [Accepted: 06/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Lysosomal storage diseases are characterized by intracellular accumulation of metabolites within lysosomes. Recent evidence suggests that lysosomal storage impairs autophagy resulting in accumulation of polyubiquitinated proteins and dysfunctional mitochondria, ultimately leading to apoptosis. We studied the relationship between lysosome storage and impairment of different intracellular pathways and organelle function in mucopolysaccharidosis VI, which is characterized by accumulation of dermatan sulfate and signs of visceral and skeletal but not cerebral involvement. Results We show lysosomal storage, impaired autophagy, accumulation of polyubiquitinated proteins, and mitochondrial dysfunction in fibroblasts from mucopolysaccharidosis VI patients. We observe similar anomalies, along with inflammation and cell death, in association with dermatan sulfate storage in the visceral organs of mucopolysaccharidosis VI rats, but not in their central nervous system where dermatan sulfate storage is absent. Importantly, we show that prevention of dermatan sulfate storage in the mucopolysaccharidosis VI rat visceral organs by gene transfer results in correction of abnormal autophagy, inflammation, and apoptosis, suggesting that dermatan sulfate accumulation impairs lysosomal ability to receive and degrade molecules and organelles from the autophagic pathway, thus leading to cell toxicity. Conclusion These results indicate that the non-lysosomal degradation pathways we found activated in mucopolysaccharidosis VI can be both targets of new experimental therapies and biomarkers for follow-up of existing treatments.
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Visigalli I, Moresco RM, Belloli S, Politi LS, Gritti A, Ungaro D, Matarrese M, Turolla E, Falini A, Scotti G, Naldini L, Fazio F, Biffi A. Monitoring disease evolution and treatment response in lysosomal disorders by the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor ligand PK11195. Neurobiol Dis 2009; 34:51-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2008.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Cox-Brinkman J, van Breemen MJ, van Maldegem BT, Bour L, Donker WE, Hollak CEM, Wijburg FA, Aerts JMFG. Potential efficacy of enzyme replacement and substrate reduction therapy in three siblings with Gaucher disease type III. J Inherit Metab Dis 2008; 31:745-52. [PMID: 18850301 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-008-0873-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2008] [Revised: 07/24/2008] [Accepted: 07/28/2008] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We report three siblings with Gaucher disease type III, born between 1992 and 2004. During this period, new developments resulted in different potential therapies, changing clinical practice. The two eldest siblings received enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) from the age of 24 and 5 months respectively, later followed by an increase in dosage. ERT was combined with substrate reduction therapy (SRT) from the ages of 12 and 8 years, respectively. In the youngest sibling the combination of high-dose ERT and SRT was given from the age of 5 months. The two eldest siblings showed significant neurological impairment from the age of 1.5 years, starting with a convergent strabismus and partial oculomotor apraxia, followed by cognitive decline and an abnormal EEG and BAER. In contrast, the neurological development in the youngest sibling is almost completely normal. At the age of 3 years, cognitive development, EEG and BAER are all normal. Disturbed saccadic eye movements, which were already present at the start of therapy, remained stable. In addition to the clinical efficacy, we report on the biochemical response to therapy. Based on our results, the combination of high-dose ERT and SRT should be considered as a possible therapeutic approach for GD III, especially if started at a young age. Further follow-up studies are necessary to explore the long-term therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cox-Brinkman
- Department of Pediatrics, G8-205, Academic Medical Center, PO Box 22660, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Jiang HW, Ling JQ, Gong QM. The Expression of Stromal Cell–derived Factor 1 (SDF-1) in Inflamed Human Dental Pulp. J Endod 2008; 34:1351-1354. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2008.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2008] [Revised: 07/23/2008] [Accepted: 07/27/2008] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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