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Wang M, Shang Z, Qiao F, Hei J, Ma X, Wang Y. Notch signaling pathway involved in Echinococcus granulosus infection regulates dendritic cell development and differentiation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1147025. [PMID: 37274316 PMCID: PMC10235693 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1147025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The Notch signaling pathway is involved in the development of many diseases; it regulates the development of dendritic cells (DCs), and affects the immune response of DC-mediated T cells. We previously found that ferritin and malate dehydrogenase (mMDH) in Echinococcus granulosus (E.granulosus) induced different immune responses through sensitized DCs. Therefore, in the study we explored whether the Notch signaling pathway affects the development and differentiation of DCs, causing changes in the immune response of DCs sensitized with E. granulosus antigens, and clarified whether it is involved in E.granulosus infection. Methods We used the Notch signaling pathway inhibitor [N-[3,5-difluorophenace-tyl] -L-alanyl]-S-phenylglycinet-butyl ester (DAPT) or activator Jagged1 to construct in vitro cell models with blocked or activated Notch signaling respectively. We analyzed the effect of Notch signaling on the development and differentiation of DCs by detecting their morphology, migration function, capacity to promote T cell proliferation, and cytokine secretion. We observed the changes in DC response to E. granulosus antigens and the mediated immune response. Results DAPT inhibited the development and maturation of DCs, which were in a non-responsive or incompetent state, reduced the sensitization of DCs to Eg.ferritin, weakened the migration ability of DCs, disrupted their ability to mediate T-cell proliferation, reduced DC expression of MHCII, CD80, CD60, and CD40 co-stimulatory molecules, prevented the secretion of cytokines and attenuated the expression of Notch1, Notch2, Notch3 receptors, Jagged1, Delta-like 4 (Delta4), and Hes1. Following Jagged1 addition, the function of DCs was restored to some extent, and the expression of Notch1, Delta4 and Hes1 was activated in response to the stimulation of Eg.ferritin. However, Eg.mMDH stimulated DCs to produce an immune response showing weak interference by DAPT and Jagged1. Discussion The study suggests that the Notc h signaling pathway is involved in the Eg.ferritin-sensitized DC-mediated immune response, which may become a new target for treating E.granulosus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxia Wang
- Basic Medical Institute of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zailing Shang
- Basic Medical Institute of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Fei Qiao
- Basic Medical Institute of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Junhu Hei
- Basic Medical Institute of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xueling Ma
- Basic Medical Institute of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yana Wang
- Basic Medical Institute of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Common Infectious Diseases of Ningxia Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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2
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Iden JA, Raphael-Mizrahi B, Naim A, Kolomansky A, Liron T, Neumann D, Vered M, Gabet Y. The Anti-Tumorigenic Role of Cannabinoid Receptor 2 in Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097773. [PMID: 37175480 PMCID: PMC10178456 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Five million non-melanoma skin cancers occur globally each year, and it is one of the most common malignant cancers. The dysregulation of the endocannabinoid system, particularly cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2), is implicated in skin cancer development, progression, and metastasis. Comparing wildtype (WT) to systemic CB2 knockout (CB2-/-) mice, we performed a spontaneous cancer study in one-year old mice, and subsequently used the multi-stage chemical carcinogenesis model, wherein cancer is initiated by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) and promoted by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). We found that aging CB2-/- mice have an increased incidence of spontaneous cancerous and precancerous skin lesions compared to their WT counterparts. In the DMBA/TPA model, CB2-/- developed more and larger papillomas, had decreased spontaneous regression of papillomas, and displayed an altered systemic immune profile, including upregulated CD4+ T cells and dendritic cells, compared to WT mice. Immune cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment was generally low for both genotypes, although a trend of higher myeloid-derived suppressor cells was observed in the CB2-/- mice. CB2 expression in carcinogen-exposed skin was significantly higher compared to naïve skin in WT mice, suggesting a role of CB2 on keratinocytes. Taken together, our data show that endogenous CB2 activation plays an anti-tumorigenic role in non-melanoma skin carcinogenesis, potentially via an immune-mediated response involving the alteration of T cells and myeloid cells coupled with the modulation of keratinocyte activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Ana Iden
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Bitya Raphael-Mizrahi
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Aaron Naim
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Albert Kolomansky
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Tamar Liron
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Drorit Neumann
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Marilena Vered
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Imaging, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Institute of Pathology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel
| | - Yankel Gabet
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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3
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Bourdely P, Savoldelli R, Vetillard M, Anselmi G, Helft J, Guermonprez P. In Vitro Generation of Human Dendritic Cell Subsets from CD34+ Cord Blood Progenitors. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2618:121-132. [PMID: 36905513 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2938-3_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells controlling the activation of T cells and thus regulating adaptive immune response against pathogens or tumors. Modeling human DC differentiation and function is crucial for our understanding of immune response and the development of new therapies. Considering DC rarity in human blood, in vitro systems allowing their faithful generation are needed. This chapter will describe a DC differentiation method based on the co-culture of CD34+ cord blood progenitors together with mesenchymal stromal cells (eMSCs) engineered to deliver growth factors and chemokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Bourdely
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France.
| | - Roberto Savoldelli
- King's College London, Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, London, UK
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1149, CNRS erl8252, Centre for Inflammation Research, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Mathias Vetillard
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1149, CNRS erl8252, Centre for Inflammation Research, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Giorgio Anselmi
- King's College London, Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, London, UK
- Oxford University, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford, UK
| | - Julie Helft
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Guermonprez
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1149, CNRS erl8252, Centre for Inflammation Research, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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4
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Segura E. Human dendritic cell subsets: An updated view of their ontogeny and functional specialization. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:1759-1767. [PMID: 35187651 PMCID: PMC9790408 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Human DCs have been divided into several subsets based on their phenotype and ontogeny. Recent high throughput single-cell methods have revealed additional heterogeneity within human DC subsets, and new subpopulations have been proposed. In this review, we provide an updated view of the human DC subsets and of their ontogeny supported by recent clinical studies . We also summarize their main characteristics including their functional specialization.
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Johnson P, Rosendahl N, Radford KJ. Conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1) as cancer therapeutics: challenges and opportunities. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2021; 22:465-472. [PMID: 34654337 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2022.1994943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The use of dendritic cell (DC)-based cancer vaccines over three decades has shown them to be a safe therapeutic approach against a range of hematological and solid malignancies. However, underwhelming and inconsistent results from clinical trials have seen them move in and out of favor. The limitations of ex vivo generated monocyte-derived DC (MoDC) in these therapies provide a pointed explanation for the varying and somewhat disappointing clinical outcomes. The identification of a specialized role for the rare conventional type 1 dendritic cell (cDC1) subset in orchestrating tumor immunity via the initiation of CD8+ T cell responses has led to a new concept of targeting cDC1 as a therapeutic option to address the unmet need of enhancing the immune response in cancer patients. AREAS COVERED This article reviews several current challenges and key opportunities associated with the development and use of next generation cDC1 cancer vaccines. EXPERT OPINION Manipulation of cDC1 quantity and quality holds enormous potential to improve tumor immunogenicity, as already demonstrated in preclinical models. New technologies are rapidly advancing the understanding of cDC1 in human cancer patients and facilitating the generation of these extremely rare cells in vitro, providing feasible new approaches toward clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Johnson
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Queensland Cord Blood Bank At The Mater, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nikita Rosendahl
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kristen J Radford
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
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Le J, Park JE, Ha VL, Luong A, Branciamore S, Rodin AS, Gogoshin G, Li F, Loh YHE, Camacho V, Patel SB, Welner RS, Parekh C. Single-Cell RNA-Seq Mapping of Human Thymopoiesis Reveals Lineage Specification Trajectories and a Commitment Spectrum in T Cell Development. Immunity 2021; 52:1105-1118.e9. [PMID: 32553173 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The challenges in recapitulating in vivo human T cell development in laboratory models have posed a barrier to understanding human thymopoiesis. Here, we used single-cell RNA sequencing (sRNA-seq) to interrogate the rare CD34+ progenitor and the more differentiated CD34- fractions in the human postnatal thymus. CD34+ thymic progenitors were comprised of a spectrum of specification and commitment states characterized by multilineage priming followed by gradual T cell commitment. The earliest progenitors in the differentiation trajectory were CD7- and expressed a stem-cell-like transcriptional profile, but had also initiated T cell priming. Clustering analysis identified a CD34+ subpopulation primed for the plasmacytoid dendritic lineage, suggesting an intrathymic dendritic specification pathway. CD2 expression defined T cell commitment stages where loss of B cell potential preceded that of myeloid potential. These datasets delineate gene expression profiles spanning key differentiation events in human thymopoiesis and provide a resource for the further study of human T cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Le
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeong Eun Park
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vi Luan Ha
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Annie Luong
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sergio Branciamore
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, and Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Andrei S Rodin
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, and Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Grigoriy Gogoshin
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, and Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Fan Li
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Virginia Camacho
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sweta B Patel
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Robert S Welner
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Chintan Parekh
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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7
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Rothenberg EV. Single-cell insights into the hematopoietic generation of T-lymphocyte precursors in mouse and human. Exp Hematol 2021; 95:1-12. [PMID: 33454362 PMCID: PMC8018899 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
T-Cell development is a major branch of lymphoid development and a key output of hematopoiesis, especially in early life, but the molecular requirements for T-cell potential have remained obscure. Considerable advances have now been made toward solving this problem through single-cell transcriptome studies, interfaced with in vitro differentiation assays that monitor potential efficiently at the single-cell level. This review focuses on a series of recent reports studying mouse and human early T-cell precursors, both in the developing fetus and in stringently purified postnatal samples of intrathymic and prethymic T-lineage precursors. Cross-comparison of results reveals a robustly conserved core program in mouse and human, but with some informative and provocative variations between species and between ontogenic states. Repeated findings are the multipotent progenitor regulatory signature of thymus-seeding cells and the proximity of the T-cell program to dendritic cell programs, especially to plasmacytoid dendritic cells in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen V Rothenberg
- Division of Biology & Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA.
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8
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Luo XL, Dalod M. The quest for faithful in vitro models of human dendritic cells types. Mol Immunol 2020; 123:40-59. [PMID: 32413788 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are mononuclear phagocytes that are specialized in the induction and functional polarization of effector lymphocytes, thus orchestrating immune defenses against infections and cancer. The population of DC encompasses distinct cell types that vary in their efficacy for complementary functions and are thus likely involved in defending the body against different threats. Plasmacytoid DCs specialize in the production of high levels of the antiviral cytokines type I interferons. Type 1 conventional DCs (cDC1s) excel in the activation of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells (CTLs) which are critical for defense against cancer and infections by intracellular pathogens. Type 2 conventional DCs (cDC2s) prime helper CD4+ T cells for the production of type 2 cytokines underpinning immune defenses against worms or of IL-17 promoting control of infections by extracellular bacteria or fungi. Hence, clinically manipulating the development and functions of DC types could have a major impact for improving treatments against many diseases. However, the rarity and fragility of human DC types is impeding advancement towards this goal. To overcome this roadblock, major efforts are ongoing to generate in vitro large numbers of distinct human DC types. We review here the current state of this research field, emphasizing recent breakthrough and proposing future priorities. We also pinpoint the necessity to develop a consensus nomenclature and rigorous methodologies to ensure proper identification and characterization of human DC types. Finally, we elaborate on how faithful in vitro models of human DC types can accelerate our understanding of the biology of these cells and the engineering of next generation vaccines or immunotherapies against viral infections or cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Long Luo
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Marc Dalod
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France.
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9
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Villar J, Segura E. Recent advances towards deciphering human dendritic cell development. Mol Immunol 2020; 122:109-115. [PMID: 32339957 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) populations are the orchestrators of immune responses and arise from hematopoietic progenitors. Studies to unravel DC ontogeny have been conducted mainly in mice due to historical and practical reasons. However, understanding DC development in humans is a prerequisite for manipulating this process for therapeutic design. Here, we review the advantages and limitations of methods used to study human DC development in vitro and in vivo. In particular, we examine the in vitro culture systems that support the differentiation of all or some DC subpopulations. We also review recent discoveries regarding human DC precursors and factors that regulate their differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javiera Villar
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Elodie Segura
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France.
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10
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Qu SY, Ti XY, Zhang J, Wu CG. Disruption of the Notch pathway aggravates airway inflammation by inhibiting regulatory T cell differentiation via regulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Scand J Immunol 2020; 91:e12865. [PMID: 32185817 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) regulate immunity and promote tolerance in asthma. Notch signalling is a highly conserved pathway that regulates the immune response; however, its role in pDC-mediated asthmatic airway inflammation is unclear. This study clarified the effects of Notch signalling on pDC-mediated airway inflammation using murine models of ovalbumin-sensitized allergic asthma. RBP-J-deficient pDCs (RBP-J-/- pDCs) were co-cultured with naïve CD4+ T cells and supernatants and T cell subtypes were analysed. RBP-J-/- pDCs were intranasally transferred to the airways of ovalbumin-sensitized recipient mice. Lung samples of all mice were subjected to tests for histopathology, cytokine profile of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, airway hyperactivity and expression of T helper type 1 (Th1)/Th2 cells, regulatory T cells and type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s). The results showed that pDCs with and without RBP-J deficiency significantly differed in expression levels of cluster of differentiation 83 (CD83), but not CD80, CD86 and major histocompatibility complex class II. Co-culturing pDCs with naïve T cells revealed a poorer immunosuppressive effect of RBP-J-/- pDCs. This may be attributed to the lower expression levels of inducible co-stimulator ligand and lower production of interleukin 10 in RBP-J-/- pDCs than in control pDCs, which impeded T cell activation and Treg suppression. RBP-J-/- pDCs were associated with high ILC2 expression and severe Th2 immune responses and airway inflammation. Therefore, Notch signalling is critical for pDC-dependent immunoregulation, and RBP-J deficiency reduces pDC-based immunosuppression via T cell activation and Th cell differentiation. Thus, this pathway may be a therapeutic target for pDC-based anti-asthma immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo-Yao Qu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin-Yu Ti
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chang-Gui Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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An in vivo brain-bacteria interface: the developing brain as a key regulator of innate immunity. NPJ Regen Med 2020; 5:2. [PMID: 32047653 PMCID: PMC7000827 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-020-0087-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections have numerous effects on the brain. However, possible roles of the brain in protecting against infection, and the developmental origin and role of brain signaling in immune response, are largely unknown. We exploited a unique Xenopus embryonic model to reveal control of innate immune response to pathogenic E. coli by the developing brain. Using survival assays, morphological analysis of innate immune cells and apoptosis, and RNA-seq, we analyzed combinations of infection, brain removal, and tail-regenerative response. Without a brain, survival of embryos injected with bacteria decreased significantly. The protective effect of the developing brain was mediated by decrease of the infection-induced damage and of apoptosis, and increase of macrophage migration, as well as suppression of the transcriptional consequences of the infection, all of which decrease susceptibility to pathogen. Functional and pharmacological assays implicated dopamine signaling in the bacteria–brain–immune crosstalk. Our data establish a model that reveals the very early brain to be a central player in innate immunity, identify the developmental origins of brain–immune interactions, and suggest several targets for immune therapies.
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Balan S, Arnold-Schrauf C, Abbas A, Couespel N, Savoret J, Imperatore F, Villani AC, Vu Manh TP, Bhardwaj N, Dalod M. Large-Scale Human Dendritic Cell Differentiation Revealing Notch-Dependent Lineage Bifurcation and Heterogeneity. Cell Rep 2019; 24:1902-1915.e6. [PMID: 30110645 PMCID: PMC6113934 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to generate large numbers of distinct types of human dendritic cells (DCs) in vitro is critical for accelerating our understanding of DC biology and harnessing them clinically. We developed a DC differentiation method from human CD34+ precursors leading to high yields of plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) and both types of conventional DCs (cDC1s and cDC2s). The identity of the cells generated in vitro and their strong homology to their blood counterparts were demonstrated by phenotypic, functional, and single-cell RNA-sequencing analyses. This culture system revealed a critical role of Notch signaling and GM-CSF for promoting cDC1 generation. Moreover, we discovered a pre-terminal differentiation state for each DC type, characterized by high expression of cell-cycle genes and lack of XCR1 in the case of cDC1. Our culture system will greatly facilitate the simultaneous and comprehensive study of primary, otherwise rare human DC types, including their mutual interactions. A CD34+ cell culture protocol yields large numbers of human pDCs and cDC1/2s Notch signaling is critical for cDC1 generation and GM-CSF has a synergistic effect scRNAseq confirms homology of in-vitro-derived DC types to their blood counterparts CLEC9A-positive XCR1-negative cells were identified as immediate precursors of cDC1s
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreekumar Balan
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille 13288, France; The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Parker Institute of Cancer Immunotherapy, USA
| | - Catharina Arnold-Schrauf
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille 13288, France
| | - Abdenour Abbas
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille 13288, France
| | - Norbert Couespel
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille 13288, France
| | - Juliette Savoret
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille 13288, France
| | - Francesco Imperatore
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille 13288, France
| | - Alexandra-Chloé Villani
- Broad Institute of Harvard University and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Thien-Phong Vu Manh
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille 13288, France
| | - Nina Bhardwaj
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Parker Institute of Cancer Immunotherapy, USA.
| | - Marc Dalod
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille 13288, France.
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Ye Y, Gao L, Zhang S. MSTD: an efficient method for detecting multi-scale topological domains from symmetric and asymmetric 3D genomic maps. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:e65. [PMID: 30941409 PMCID: PMC6582338 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The chromosome conformation capture (3C) technique and its variants have been employed to reveal the existence of a hierarchy of structures in three-dimensional (3D) chromosomal architecture, including compartments, topologically associating domains (TADs), sub-TADs and chromatin loops. However, existing methods for domain detection were only designed based on symmetric Hi-C maps, ignoring long-range interaction structures between domains. To this end, we proposed a generic and efficient method to identify multi-scale topological domains (MSTD), including cis- and trans-interacting regions, from a variety of 3D genomic datasets. We first applied MSTD to detect promoter-anchored interaction domains (PADs) from promoter capture Hi-C datasets across 17 primary blood cell types. The boundaries of PADs are significantly enriched with one or the combination of multiple epigenetic factors. Moreover, PADs between functionally similar cell types are significantly conserved in terms of domain regions and expression states. Cell type-specific PADs involve in distinct cell type-specific activities and regulatory events by dynamic interactions within them. We also employed MSTD to define multi-scale domains from typical symmetric Hi-C datasets and illustrated its distinct superiority to the-state-of-art methods in terms of accuracy, flexibility and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusen Ye
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lin Gao
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shihua Zhang
- NCMIS, CEMS, RCSDS, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
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14
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Nagasawa M, Heesters BA, Kradolfer CMA, Krabbendam L, Martinez-Gonzalez I, de Bruijn MJW, Golebski K, Hendriks RW, Stadhouders R, Spits H, Bal SM. KLRG1 and NKp46 discriminate subpopulations of human CD117 +CRTH2 - ILCs biased toward ILC2 or ILC3. J Exp Med 2019; 216:1762-1776. [PMID: 31201208 PMCID: PMC6683990 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, human ILCs that express CD117 and CD127 but lack CRTH2 and NKp44 have been shown to contain precursors of ILC1, ILC2, and ILC3. However, these ILCs have not been extensively characterized. We performed an unbiased hierarchical stochastic neighbor embedding (HSNE) analysis of the phenotype of peripheral blood CD117+ ILCs, which revealed the presence of three major subsets: the first expressed NKp46, the second expressed both NKp46 and CD56, and the third expressed KLRG1, but not NKp46 or CD56. Analysis of their cytokine production profiles and transcriptome revealed that NKp46+ ILCs predominantly develop into ILC3s; some of them can differentiate into ILC1/NK-like cells, but they are unable to develop into ILC2s. In contrast, KLRG1+ ILCs predominantly differentiate into ILC2s. Single-cell cultures demonstrate that KLRG1+ ILCs can also differentiate into other ILC subsets depending on the signals they receive. Epigenetic profiling of KLRG1+ ILCs is consistent with the broad differentiation potential of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maho Nagasawa
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Balthasar A Heesters
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chantal M A Kradolfer
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lisette Krabbendam
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Itziar Martinez-Gonzalez
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Korneliusz Golebski
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rudi W Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ralph Stadhouders
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hergen Spits
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands .,Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne M Bal
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands .,Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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15
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Hossain F, Majumder S, Ucar DA, Rodriguez PC, Golde TE, Minter LM, Osborne BA, Miele L. Notch Signaling in Myeloid Cells as a Regulator of Tumor Immune Responses. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1288. [PMID: 29915603 PMCID: PMC5994797 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy, which stimulates or augments host immune responses to treat malignancies, is the latest development in the rapidly advancing field of cancer immunology. The basic principles of immunotherapies are either to enhance the functions of specific components of the immune system or to neutralize immune-suppressive signals produced by cancer cells or tumor microenvironment cells. When successful, these approaches translate into long-term survival for patients. However, durable responses are only seen in a subset of patients and so far, only in some cancer types. As for other cancer treatments, resistance to immunotherapy can also develop. Numerous research groups are trying to understand why immunotherapy is effective in some patients but not others and to develop strategies to enhance the effectiveness of immunotherapy. The Notch signaling pathway is involved in many aspects of tumor biology, from angiogenesis to cancer stem cell maintenance to tumor immunity. The role of Notch in the development and modulation of the immune response is complex, involving an intricate crosstalk between antigen-presenting cells, T-cell subpopulations, cancer cells, and other components of the tumor microenvironment. Elegant studies have shown that Notch is a central mediator of tumor-induced T-cell anergy and that activation of Notch1 in CD8 T-cells enhances cancer immunotherapy. Tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells, altered dendritic cells, and tumor-associated macrophages along with regulatory T cells, are major obstacles to the development of successful cancer immunotherapies. In this article, we focus on the roles of Notch signaling in modulating tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells and discuss implications for therapeutic strategies that modulate Notch signaling to enhance cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fokhrul Hossain
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States.,Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Samarpan Majumder
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States.,Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Deniz A Ucar
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Paulo C Rodriguez
- H. Lee Moffitt Comprehensive Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Todd E Golde
- Department of Neurosciences, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida at Gainesville, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Lisa M Minter
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Barbara A Osborne
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Lucio Miele
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States.,Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
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16
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Martín-Gayo E, González-García S, García-León MJ, Murcia-Ceballos A, Alcain J, García-Peydró M, Allende L, de Andrés B, Gaspar ML, Toribio ML. Spatially restricted JAG1-Notch signaling in human thymus provides suitable DC developmental niches. J Exp Med 2017; 214:3361-3379. [PMID: 28947612 PMCID: PMC5679173 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20161564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Martín-Gayo et al. report that human early thymic progenitors can undergo a GATA2-dependent myeloid developmental program leading to resident dendritic cells (DCs) upon JAG1-Notch activation. The identification of JAG1+ DC-permissive intrathymic niches validates the human thymus as a DC-poietic organ. A key unsolved question regarding the developmental origin of conventional and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (cDCs and pDCs, respectively) resident in the steady-state thymus is whether early thymic progenitors (ETPs) could escape T cell fate constraints imposed normally by a Notch-inductive microenvironment and undergo DC development. By modeling DC generation in bulk and clonal cultures, we show here that Jagged1 (JAG1)-mediated Notch signaling allows human ETPs to undertake a myeloid transcriptional program, resulting in GATA2-dependent generation of CD34+ CD123+ progenitors with restricted pDC, cDC, and monocyte potential, whereas Delta-like1 signaling down-regulates GATA2 and impairs myeloid development. Progressive commitment to the DC lineage also occurs intrathymically, as myeloid-primed CD123+ monocyte/DC and common DC progenitors, equivalent to those previously identified in the bone marrow, are resident in the normal human thymus. The identification of a discrete JAG1+ thymic medullary niche enriched for DC-lineage cells expressing Notch receptors further validates the human thymus as a DC-poietic organ, which provides selective microenvironments permissive for DC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Martín-Gayo
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara González-García
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María J García-León
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Murcia-Ceballos
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Alcain
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina García-Peydró
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Allende
- Immunology Department, i+12 Research Institute, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén de Andrés
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María L Gaspar
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María L Toribio
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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17
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Nagasawa M, Germar K, Blom B, Spits H. Human CD5 + Innate Lymphoid Cells Are Functionally Immature and Their Development from CD34 + Progenitor Cells Is Regulated by Id2. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1047. [PMID: 28912776 PMCID: PMC5583608 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have emerged as a key cell type involved in surveillance and maintenance of mucosal tissues. Mouse ILCs rely on the transcriptional regulator Inhibitor of DNA-binding protein 2 (Id2) for their development. Here, we show that Id2 also drives development of human ILC because forced expression of Id2 in human thymic progenitors blocked T cell commitment, upregulated CD161 and promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF), and maintained CD127 expression, markers that are characteristic for human ILCs. Surprisingly CD5 was also expressed on these in vitro generated ILCs. This was not an in vitro artifact because CD5 was also found on ex vivo isolated ILCs from thymus and from umbilical cord blood. CD5 was also expressed on small proportions of ILC2 and ILC3. CD5+ ILCs were functionally immature, but could further differentiate into mature CD5− cytokine-secreting ILCs. Our data show that Id2 governs human ILC development from thymic progenitor cells toward immature CD5+ ILCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maho Nagasawa
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kristine Germar
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology Center, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bianca Blom
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hergen Spits
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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18
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Kim DE, Procopio MG, Ghosh S, Jo SH, Goruppi S, Magliozzi F, Bordignon P, Neel V, Angelino P, Dotto GP. Convergent roles of ATF3 and CSL in chromatin control of cancer-associated fibroblast activation. J Exp Med 2017; 214:2349-2368. [PMID: 28684431 PMCID: PMC5551580 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20170724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) promotes tumorigenesis. Kim et al. show that ATF3 and CSL converge in negative regulation of CAF activation through long-distance chromatin control. Bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) inhibitors counteract the effects of ATF3 and CSL loss in CAF activation and cancer–stromal cell expansion. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are important for tumor initiation and promotion. CSL, a transcriptional repressor and Notch mediator, suppresses CAF activation. Like CSL, ATF3, a stress-responsive transcriptional repressor, is down-modulated in skin cancer stromal cells, and Atf3 knockout mice develop aggressive chemically induced skin tumors with enhanced CAF activation. Even at low basal levels, ATF3 converges with CSL in global chromatin control, binding to few genomic sites at a large distance from target genes. Consistent with this mode of regulation, deletion of one such site 2 Mb upstream of IL6 induces expression of the gene. Observed changes are of translational significance, as bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) inhibitors, unlinking activated chromatin from basic transcription, counteract the effects of ATF3 or CSL loss on global gene expression and suppress CAF tumor-promoting properties in an in vivo model of squamous cancer–stromal cell expansion. Thus, ATF3 converges with CSL in negative control of CAF activation with epigenetic changes amenable to cancer- and stroma-focused intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Eun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Épalinges, Switzerland
| | | | - Soumitra Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Épalinges, Switzerland
| | - Seung-Hee Jo
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA
| | - Sandro Goruppi
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA
| | | | - Pino Bordignon
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Épalinges, Switzerland
| | - Victor Neel
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Paolo Angelino
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - G Paolo Dotto
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Épalinges, Switzerland .,Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA
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19
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Liver immunology: How to reconcile tolerance with autoimmunity. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2017; 41:6-16. [PMID: 27526967 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
There are several examples of liver tolerance: the relative ease by which liver allografts are accepted and the exploitation of the hepatic microenvironment by the malarial parasite and hepatotrophic viruses are notable examples. The vasculature of the liver supports a unique population of antigen presenting cells specialised to maintain immunological tolerance despite continuous exposure to gut-derived antigens. Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and Kupffer cells appear to be key to the maintenance of immune tolerance, by promoting T cell anergy or deletion and the generation of regulatory cell subsets. Despite this, there are three liver diseases with likely autoimmune involvement: primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis and autoimmune hepatitis. How can we reconcile this with the inherent tolerogenicity of the liver? Genetic studies have uncovered several associations with genes involved in the activation of the innate and adaptive immune systems. There is also evidence pointing to pathogenic and xenobiotic triggers of autoimmune liver disease. Coupled to this, impaired immunoregulatory mechanisms potentially play a permissive role, allowing the autoimmune response to proceed.
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20
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Qian XQ, Chen LL, Cheng Q, Tian Y, Luo XF, Wan XY. Inhibition of Notch 1 receptor influenced the differentiation of Lin-CD45RA-dendritic cell precursors within ovarian carcinoma microenvironment. BMC Immunol 2016; 17:14. [PMID: 27259477 PMCID: PMC4893273 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-016-0150-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous evidence suggested that the differentiation of Lin-CD45RA-DC precursors were prior to plasmcytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) than myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) within ovarian cancer microenvironment. However, the mechanism is still unclear. Therefore, we investigated the function of Notch 1 signal pathway in the differentiation of Lin-CD45RA-DC precursors. Methods The CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells were extracted from umbilical cord blood in term parturition, and Lin-CD45RA-DC precusors were separated and induced mature. Expression of Notch1 receptor and ligands in Lin-CD45RA-DC precusors was detected by Real-time PCR and was down-regulated by shRNA or γ-secretase inhibitor (GSI). Flow cytometry was used to analyze the subset of DCs with or without SKOV3 culture supernatants. IL-12 level was detected by ELISA. Results Expression of Notch1 receptors and ligands were detected in Lin-CD45RA-DC precursor cells. The Notch1 mRNA in Lin-CD45RA-DC precursors can be down-regulated by shRNA-Notch1 lentivirus transfection and GSI. ShRNA mediated Notch 1 knock-down significantly differentiated less plasmcytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), but generated more myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs), and this would not be influenced by the supernatant of the ovarian carcinoma cell line. GSI had the same effect in the differentiation of pDC. The secretion of IL-12 significantly increased after Notch1 knock-down with or without SKOV3 culture supernatants. Conclusions Notch1 is an important signaling pathway in the differentiation of Lin-CD45RA-DC precursor cells to plasmcytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). And this would not be affected by the supernatant of the ovarian carcinoma cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Qian Qian
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Xueshi Road 1#, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li-Li Chen
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Xueshi Road 1#, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Cheng
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Xueshi Road 1#, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Tian
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79#, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Luo
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Xueshi Road 1#, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Wan
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Xueshi Road 1#, Hangzhou, China. .,Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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21
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Shang Y, Smith S, Hu X. Role of Notch signaling in regulating innate immunity and inflammation in health and disease. Protein Cell 2016; 7:159-74. [PMID: 26936847 PMCID: PMC4791423 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-016-0250-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway is conserved from Drosophila to mammals and is critically involved in developmental processes. In the immune system, it has been established that Notch signaling regulates multiple steps of T and B cell development in both central and peripheral lymphoid organs. Relative to the well documented role of Notch signaling in lymphocyte development, less is known about its role in regulating myeloid lineage development and function, especially in the context of acute and chronic inflammation. In this review article, we will describe the evidence accumulated during the recent years to support a key regulatory role of the Notch pathway in innate immune and inflammatory responses and discuss the potential implications of such regulation for pathogenesis and therapy of inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingli Shang
- School of Medicine and Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Sinead Smith
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2, Ireland
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- School of Medicine and Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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22
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Epithelium-Intrinsic MicroRNAs Contribute to Mucosal Immune Homeostasis by Promoting M-Cell Maturation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150379. [PMID: 26930511 PMCID: PMC4773159 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
M cells in the follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) of Peyer’s patches (PPs) serve as a main portal for external antigens and function as a sentinel in mucosal immune responses. The scarcity of these cells has hampered identification of M cell-specific molecules. Recent efforts have begun to provide insight into antigen transcytosis and differentiation of M cells; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes are not fully elucidated. Small non-coding RNAs including microRNA (miRNA) have been reported to regulate gene expression and control various biological processes such as cellular differentiation and function. To evaluate the expression of miRNAs in FAE, including M cells, we previously performed microarray analysis comparing intestinal villous epithelium (VE) and PP FAE. Here we confirmed FAE specific miRNA expression levels by quantitative PCR. To gain insight into miRNA function, we generated mice with intestinal epithelial cell-specific deletion of Dicer1 (DicerΔIEC) and analyzed intestinal phenotypes, including M-cell differentiation, morphology and function. DicerΔIEC mice had a marked decrease in M cells compared to control floxed Dicer mice, suggesting an essential role of miRNAs in maturation of these cells. Furthermore, transmission electron microscopic analysis revealed that depletion of miRNA caused the loss of endosomal structures in M cells. In addition, antigen uptake by M cells was impaired in DicerΔIEC mice. These results suggest that miRNAs play a significant role in M cell differentiation and help secure mucosal immune homeostasis.
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23
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Li H, Koo Y, Mao X, Sifuentes-Dominguez L, Morris LL, Jia D, Miyata N, Faulkner RA, van Deursen JM, Vooijs M, Billadeau DD, van de Sluis B, Cleaver O, Burstein E. Endosomal sorting of Notch receptors through COMMD9-dependent pathways modulates Notch signaling. J Cell Biol 2016; 211:605-17. [PMID: 26553930 PMCID: PMC4639872 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201505108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
COMMD protein family member COMMD9 regulates the endosome to plasma membrane trafficking of Notch through a unique COMMD–CCDC22–CCDC93 (CCC) complex. Notch family members are transmembrane receptors that mediate essential developmental programs. Upon ligand binding, a proteolytic event releases the intracellular domain of Notch, which translocates to the nucleus to regulate gene transcription. In addition, Notch trafficking across the endolysosomal system is critical in its regulation. In this study we report that Notch recycling to the cell surface is dependent on the COMMD–CCDC22–CCDC93 (CCC) complex, a recently identified regulator of endosomal trafficking. Disruption in this system leads to intracellular accumulation of Notch2 and concomitant reduction in Notch signaling. Interestingly, among the 10 copper metabolism MURR1 domain containing (COMMD) family members that can associate with the CCC complex, only COMMD9 and its binding partner, COMMD5, have substantial effects on Notch. Furthermore, Commd9 deletion in mice leads to embryonic lethality and complex cardiovascular alterations that bear hallmarks of Notch deficiency. Altogether, these studies highlight that the CCC complex controls Notch activation by modulating its intracellular trafficking and demonstrate cargo-specific effects for members of the COMMD protein family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Yeon Koo
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Xicheng Mao
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | | | - Lindsey L Morris
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Da Jia
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Naoteru Miyata
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Rebecca A Faulkner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Jan M van Deursen
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Marc Vooijs
- Department of Radiotherapy (MAASTRO)/GROW-School for Developmental Biology and Oncology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Daniel D Billadeau
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Bart van de Sluis
- Molecular Genetics Section - Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ondine Cleaver
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Ezra Burstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390 Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
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24
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Habets RAJ, Groot AJ, Yahyanejad S, Tiyanont K, Blacklow SC, Vooijs M. Human NOTCH2 Is Resistant to Ligand-independent Activation by Metalloprotease Adam17. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:14705-16. [PMID: 25918160 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.643676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell surface receptors of the NOTCH family of proteins are activated by ligand induced intramembrane proteolysis. Unfolding of the extracellular negative regulatory region (NRR), enabling successive proteolysis by the enzymes Adam10 and γ-secretase, is rate-limiting in NOTCH activation. Mutations in the NOTCH1 NRR are associated with ligand-independent activation and frequently found in human T-cell malignancies. In mammals four NOTCH receptors and five Delta/Jagged ligands exist, but mutations in the NRR are only rarely reported for receptors other than NOTCH1. Using biochemical and functional assays, we compared the molecular mechanisms of ligand-independent signaling in NOTCH1 and the highly related NOTCH2 receptor. Both murine Notch1 and Notch2 require the metalloprotease protease Adam17, but not Adam10 during ligand-independent activation. Interestingly, the human NOTCH2 receptor is resistant to ligand-independent activation compared with its human homologs or murine orthologs. Taken together, our data reveal subtle but functionally important differences for the NRR among NOTCH paralogs and homologs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A J Habets
- From the Department of Radiotherapy (MaastRO)/GROW, School for Developmental Biology & Oncology, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan J Groot
- From the Department of Radiotherapy (MaastRO)/GROW, School for Developmental Biology & Oncology, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sanaz Yahyanejad
- From the Department of Radiotherapy (MaastRO)/GROW, School for Developmental Biology & Oncology, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kittichoat Tiyanont
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, and
| | - Stephen C Blacklow
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, and Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Marc Vooijs
- From the Department of Radiotherapy (MaastRO)/GROW, School for Developmental Biology & Oncology, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands,
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25
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Akiyama N, Shinzawa M, Miyauchi M, Yanai H, Tateishi R, Shimo Y, Ohshima D, Matsuo K, Sasaki I, Hoshino K, Wu G, Yagi S, Inoue JI, Kaisho T, Akiyama T. Limitation of immune tolerance-inducing thymic epithelial cell development by Spi-B-mediated negative feedback regulation. J Exp Med 2014; 211:2425-38. [PMID: 25385757 PMCID: PMC4235644 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20141207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) expressing the autoimmune regulator AIRE and various tissue-specific antigens (TSAs) are critical for preventing the onset of autoimmunity and may attenuate tumor immunity. However, molecular mechanisms controlling mTEC development remain elusive. Here, we describe the roles of the transcription factor Spi-B in mTEC development. Spi-B is rapidly up-regulated by receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) cytokine signaling, which triggers mTEC differentiation, and in turn up-regulates CD80, CD86, some TSAs, and the natural inhibitor of RANKL signaling, osteoprotegerin (OPG). Spi-B-mediated OPG expression limits mTEC development in neonates but not in embryos, suggesting developmental stage-specific negative feedback regulation. OPG-mediated negative regulation attenuates cellularity of thymic regulatory T cells and tumor development in vivo. Hence, these data suggest that this negative RANKL-Spi-B-OPG feedback mechanism finely tunes mTEC development and function and may optimize the trade-off between prevention of autoimmunity and induction of antitumor immunity.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- B7-1 Antigen/immunology
- B7-1 Antigen/metabolism
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Epithelial Cells/immunology
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Feedback, Physiological
- Female
- Gene Expression/immunology
- Immune Tolerance/genetics
- Immune Tolerance/immunology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Osteoprotegerin/genetics
- Osteoprotegerin/immunology
- Osteoprotegerin/metabolism
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/immunology
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets/immunology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets/metabolism
- RANK Ligand/immunology
- RANK Ligand/metabolism
- Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B/genetics
- Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B/immunology
- Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Thymus Gland/immunology
- Thymus Gland/metabolism
- NF-kappaB-Inducing Kinase
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuko Akiyama
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Miho Shinzawa
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Maki Miyauchi
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Hiromi Yanai
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Tateishi
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yusuke Shimo
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ohshima
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Koichi Matsuo
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Izumi Sasaki
- Laboratory for Immune Regulation, World Premier International Research Center Initiative, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Katsuaki Hoshino
- Laboratory for Immune Regulation, World Premier International Research Center Initiative, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan Laboratory for Inflammatory Regulation, Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Guoying Wu
- Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shintaro Yagi
- Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Jun-ichiro Inoue
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Tsuneyasu Kaisho
- Laboratory for Immune Regulation, World Premier International Research Center Initiative, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan Laboratory for Inflammatory Regulation, Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Taishin Akiyama
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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26
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Scripture-Adams DD, Damle SS, Li L, Elihu KJ, Qin S, Arias AM, Butler RR, Champhekar A, Zhang JA, Rothenberg EV. GATA-3 dose-dependent checkpoints in early T cell commitment. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2014; 193:3470-91. [PMID: 25172496 PMCID: PMC4170028 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
GATA-3 expression is crucial for T cell development and peaks during commitment to the T cell lineage, midway through the CD4(-)CD8(-) (double-negative [DN]) stages 1-3. We used RNA interference and conditional deletion to reduce GATA-3 protein acutely at specific points during T cell differentiation in vitro. Even moderate GATA-3 reduction killed DN1 cells, delayed progression to the DN2 stage, skewed DN2 gene regulation, and blocked appearance of the DN3 phenotype. Although a Bcl-2 transgene rescued DN1 survival and improved DN2 cell generation, it did not restore DN3 differentiation. Gene expression analyses (quantitative PCR, RNA sequencing) showed that GATA-3-deficient DN2 cells quickly upregulated genes, including Spi1 (PU.1) and Bcl11a, and downregulated genes, including Cpa3, Ets1, Zfpm1, Bcl11b, Il9r, and Il17rb with gene-specific kinetics and dose dependencies. These targets could mediate two distinct roles played by GATA-3 in lineage commitment, as revealed by removing wild-type or GATA-3-deficient early T lineage cells from environmental Notch signals. GATA-3 worked as a potent repressor of B cell potential even at low expression levels, so that only full deletion of GATA-3 enabled pro-T cells to reveal B cell potential. The ability of GATA-3 to block B cell development did not require T lineage commitment factor Bcl11b. In prethymic multipotent precursors, however, titration of GATA-3 activity using tamoxifen-inducible GATA-3 showed that GATA-3 inhibits B and myeloid developmental alternatives at different threshold doses. Furthermore, differential impacts of a GATA-3 obligate repressor construct imply that B and myeloid development are inhibited through distinct transcriptional mechanisms. Thus, the pattern of GATA-3 expression sequentially produces B lineage exclusion, T lineage progression, and myeloid-lineage exclusion for commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre D Scripture-Adams
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Sagar S Damle
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Long Li
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Koorosh J Elihu
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Shuyang Qin
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Alexandra M Arias
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Robert R Butler
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Ameya Champhekar
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Jingli A Zhang
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Ellen V Rothenberg
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
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27
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Hagenbeek TJ, Wu X, Choy L, Sanchez-Irizarry C, Seshagiri S, Stinson J, Siebel CW, Spits H. Murine Pten−/− T-ALL requires non-redundant PI3K/mTOR and DLL4/Notch1 signals for maintenance and γc/TCR signals for thymic exit. Cancer Lett 2014; 346:237-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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28
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Haji Y, Suzuki M, Moriya K, So T, Hozumi K, Mizuma M, Unno M, Ishii N. Activation of Notch1 promotes development of human CD8(+) single positive T cells in humanized mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 447:346-51. [PMID: 24726647 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Notch1 mutations are found in more than 50% of human T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cells. However, the functions of Notch1 for human T cell development and leukemogenesis are not well understood. To examine the role of Notch1, human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which had been transduced with a constitutively active form of Notch1 (ICN1), were transplanted into severely immunodeficient NOD/Shi-scid-IL2rγ(null) (NOG) mice. We found that the great majority of the ICN1-expressing hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow expressed surface markers for T cells, such as CD3, CD4, and CD8, and that this T cell development was independent of the thymus. Accordingly, phenotypically mature CD8(+) single positive (SP) T cells were observed in the spleen. Furthermore, T-ALL developed in one NOG recipient mouse out of 26 that had been secondary transferred with the T cells developed in the first NOG mice. These results indicate that Notch1 signaling in HSCs promotes CD8(+) SP T cell development, and that T cell leukemogenesis may require additional oncogenic factors other than Notch1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Haji
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Makiko Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Moriya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takanori So
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Katsuto Hozumi
- Department of Immunology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara 259-1193, Japan
| | - Masamichi Mizuma
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Michiaki Unno
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Naoto Ishii
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
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29
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Abstract
T and B cells share a common somatic gene rearrangement mechanism for assembling the genes that code for their antigen receptors; they also have developmental pathways with many parallels. Shared usage of basic helix-loop-helix E proteins as transcriptional drivers underlies these common features. However, the transcription factor networks in which these E proteins are embedded are different both in membership and in architecture for T and B cell gene regulatory programs. These differences permit lineage commitment decisions to be made in different hierarchical orders. Furthermore, in contrast to B cell gene networks, the T cell gene network architecture for effector differentiation is sufficiently modular so that E protein inputs can be removed. Complete T cell-like effector differentiation can proceed without T cell receptor rearrangement or selection when E proteins are neutralized, yielding natural killer and other innate lymphoid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen V Rothenberg
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125;
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30
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Bakay M, Pandey R, Hakonarson H. Genes involved in type 1 diabetes: an update. Genes (Basel) 2013; 4:499-521. [PMID: 24705215 PMCID: PMC3924830 DOI: 10.3390/genes4030499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is a chronic multifactorial disease with a strong genetic component, which, through interactions with specific environmental factors, triggers disease onset. T1D typically manifests in early to mid childhood through the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β cells resulting in a lack of insulin production. Historically, prior to genome-wide association studies (GWAS), six loci in the genome were fully established to be associated with T1D. With the advent of high-throughput single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping array technologies, enabling investigators to perform high-density GWAS, many additional T1D susceptibility genes have been discovered. Indeed, recent meta-analyses of multiple datasets from independent investigators have brought the tally of well-validated T1D disease genes to almost 60. In this mini-review, we address recent advances in the genetics of T1D and provide an update on the latest susceptibility loci added to the list of genes involved in the pathogenesis of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Bakay
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Rahul Pandey
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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31
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Gene-pair expression signatures reveal lineage control. Nat Methods 2013; 10:577-83. [PMID: 23603899 PMCID: PMC4131748 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.2445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The distinct cell types of multicellular organisms arise due to constraints imposed by gene regulatory networks on the collective change of gene expression across the genome, creating self-stabilizing expression states, or attractors. We compiled a resource of curated human expression data comprising 166 cell types and 2,602 transcription regulating genes and developed a data driven method built around the concept of expression reversal defined at the level of gene pairs, such as those participating in toggle switch circuits. This approach allows us to organize the cell types into their ontogenetic lineage-relationships and to reflect regulatory relationships among genes that explain their ability to function as determinants of cell fate. We show that this method identifies genes belonging to regulatory circuits that control neuronal fate, pluripotency and blood cell differentiation, thus offering a novel large-scale perspective on lineage specification.
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32
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Van de Walle I, Waegemans E, De Medts J, De Smet G, De Smedt M, Snauwaert S, Vandekerckhove B, Kerre T, Leclercq G, Plum J, Gridley T, Wang T, Koch U, Radtke F, Taghon T. Specific Notch receptor-ligand interactions control human TCR-αβ/γδ development by inducing differential Notch signal strength. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 210:683-97. [PMID: 23530123 PMCID: PMC3620353 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20121798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Jagged2 preferentially signals through Notch3 to promote γδ T cell development. In humans, high Notch activation promotes γδ T cell development, whereas lower levels promote αβ-lineage differentiation. How these different Notch signals are generated has remained unclear. We show that differential Notch receptor–ligand interactions mediate this process. Whereas Delta-like 4 supports both TCR-αβ and -γδ development, Jagged1 induces mainly αβ-lineage differentiation. In contrast, Jagged2-mediated Notch activation primarily results in γδ T cell development and represses αβ-lineage differentiation by inhibiting TCR-β formation. Consistently, TCR-αβ T cell development is rescued through transduction of a TCR-β transgene. Jagged2 induces the strongest Notch signal through interactions with both Notch1 and Notch3, whereas Delta-like 4 primarily binds Notch1. In agreement, Notch3 is a stronger Notch activator and only supports γδ T cell development, whereas Notch1 is a weaker activator supporting both TCR-αβ and -γδ development. Fetal thymus organ cultures in JAG2-deficient thymic lobes or with Notch3-blocking antibodies confirm the importance of Jagged2/Notch3 signaling in human TCR-γδ differentiation. Our findings reveal that differential Notch receptor–ligand interactions mediate human TCR-αβ and -γδ T cell differentiation and provide a mechanistic insight into the high Notch dependency of human γδ T cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Van de Walle
- The Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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33
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Osteosclerosis and inhibition of human hematopoiesis in NOG mice expressing human Delta-like 1 in osteoblasts. Exp Hematol 2012; 40:953-963.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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34
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PI3K-PKB hyperactivation augments human plasmacytoid dendritic cell development and function. Blood 2012; 120:4982-91. [PMID: 23091295 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-02-413229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are considered potential tools or targets for immunotherapy. However, current knowledge concerning methodologies to manipulate their development or function remains limited. Here, we investigated the role of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (PKB)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) axis in human pDC development, survival, and function. In vitro pDC generation from human cord blood-derived CD34(+) hematopoietic progenitors was reduced by pharmacologic inhibition of PI3K, PKB, or mTOR activity, and peripheral blood pDCs required PI3K-PKB-mTOR signaling to survive. Accordingly, activity of this pathway in circulating pDCs correlated with their abundance in peripheral blood. Importantly, introduction of constitutively active PKB or pharmacologic inhibition of negative regulator phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) resulted in increased pDC numbers in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, MHC class II and costimulatory molecule expression, and production of IFN-α and TNF-α, were augmented, which could be explained by enhanced IRF7 and NF-κB activation. Finally, the numerically and functionally impaired pDCs of chronic hepatitis B patients demonstrated reduced PI3K-PKB-mTOR activity. In conclusion, intact PI3K-PKB-mTOR signaling regulates development, survival, and function of human pDCs, and pDC development and functionality can be promoted by PI3K-PKB hyperactivation. Manipulation of this pathway or its downstream targets could be used to improve the generation and function of pDCs to augment immunity.
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35
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Mjösberg J, Bernink J, Golebski K, Karrich JJ, Peters CP, Blom B, te Velde AA, Fokkens WJ, van Drunen CM, Spits H. The transcription factor GATA3 is essential for the function of human type 2 innate lymphoid cells. Immunity 2012; 37:649-59. [PMID: 23063330 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2012.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 511] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are part of a large family of ILCs that are important effectors in innate immunity, lymphoid organogenesis, and tissue remodeling. ILC2s mediate parasite expulsion but also contribute to airway inflammation, emphasizing the functional similarity between these cells and Th2 cells. Consistent with this, we report that the transcription factor GATA3 was highly expressed by human ILC2s. CRTH2(+) ILC2s were enriched in nasal polyps of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis, a typical type 2-mediated disease. Nasal polyp epithelial cells expressed TSLP, which enhanced STAT5 activation, GATA3 expression, and type 2 cytokine production in ILC2s. Ectopic expression of GATA3 in Lin(-)CD127(+)CRTH2(-) cells resulted in induction of CRTH2 and the capacity to produce high amounts of type 2 cytokines in response to TSLP plus IL-33. Hence, we identify GATA3, potently regulated by TSLP, as an essential transcription factor for the function of human ILC2s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Mjösberg
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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36
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Moore AJ, Sarmiento J, Mohtashami M, Braunstein M, Zúñiga-Pflücker JC, Anderson MK. Transcriptional priming of intrathymic precursors for dendritic cell development. Development 2012; 139:373-84. [PMID: 22186727 DOI: 10.1242/dev.069344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Specialized dendritic cells (DCs) within the thymus are crucial for the deletion of autoreactive T cells. The question of whether these cells arise from intrathymic precursors with T-cell potential has been hotly debated, and the regulatory pathways and signals that direct their development remain unclear. Here, we compared the gene expression profiles of thymic DC subsets with those of four early thymic precursor subsets: early T-cell precursors (ETPs), double-negative 1c (DN1c), double-negative 1d (DN1d) and double-negative 1e (DN1e) subsets. We found that the DN1d subset expressed Spi-B, HEBCan, Ccr7 and Ccr4, similar to thymic plasmacytoid DCs, whereas the DN1e subset expressed Id2, Ccr7 and Ccr4, similar to thymic conventional DCs. The expression of Ccr7 and Ccr4 in DN1d and DN1e cells suggested that they might be able to migrate towards the medulla (low in Dll proteins) and away from the cortex (high in Dll proteins) where early T-cell development occurs. We therefore assessed the sensitivity of developing DC precursors to Dll-Notch signaling, and found that high levels of Dll1 or Dll4 were inhibitory to DC development, whereas medium levels of Dll4 allowed DC development but not myeloid development. To evaluate directly the lineage potential of the ETP, DN1d and DN1e subsets, we injected them into nonirradiated congenic hosts intrathymically or intravenously, and found that they were all able to form medullary DCs in vivo. Therefore, DN1d and DN1e cells are transcriptionally primed to home to the thymus, migrate into DC-permissive microenvironments and develop into medullary DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Moore
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Division of Biological Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, M4N 3M5, Canada
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37
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Abstract
Notch signaling is critical during multiple stages of T cell development in both mouse and human. Evidence has emerged in recent years that this pathway might regulate T-lineage differentiation differently between both species. Here, we review our current understanding of how Notch signaling is activated and used during human T cell development. First, we set the stage by describing the developmental steps that make up human T cell development before describing the expression profiles of Notch receptors, ligands, and target genes during this process. To delineate stage-specific roles for Notch signaling during human T cell development, we subsequently try to interpret the functional Notch studies that have been performed in light of these expression profiles and compare this to its suggested role in the mouse.
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38
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González-García S, García-Peydró M, Alcain J, Toribio ML. Notch1 and IL-7 receptor signalling in early T-cell development and leukaemia. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2012; 360:47-73. [PMID: 22695916 DOI: 10.1007/82_2012_231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Notch receptors are master regulators of many aspects of development and tissue renewal in metazoans. Notch1 activation is essential for T-cell specification of bone marrow-derived multipotent progenitors that seed the thymus, and for proliferation and further progression of early thymocytes along the T-cell lineage. Deregulated activation of Notch1 significantly contributes to the generation of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL). In addition to Notch1 signals, survival and proliferation signals provided by the IL-7 receptor (IL-7R) are also required during thymopoiesis. Our understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling stage-specific survival and proliferation signals provided by Notch1 and IL-7R has recently been improved by the discovery that the IL-7R is a transcriptional target of Notch1. Thus, Notch1 controls T-cell development, in part by regulating the stage- and lineage-specific expression of IL-7R. The finding that induction of IL-7R expression downstream of Notch1 also occurs in T-ALL highlights the important contribution that deregulated IL-7R expression and function may have in this pathology. Confirming this notion, oncogenic IL7R gain-of-function mutations have recently been identified in childhood T-ALL. Here we discuss the fundamental role of Notch1 and IL-7R signalling pathways in physiological and pathological T-cell development in mice and men, highlighting their close molecular underpinnings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara González-García
- Centro de Biología Molecular, Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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39
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Thompson PK, Zúñiga-Pflücker JC. On becoming a T cell, a convergence of factors kick it up a Notch along the way. Semin Immunol 2011; 23:350-9. [PMID: 21981947 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2011.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The thymus is seeded by bone marrow-derived progenitors, which undergo a series of differentiation and proliferation events in order to generate functional T lymphocytes. The Notch signaling pathway, together with multiple transcription factors, act in concert to commit progenitors to a T-lineage fate, extinguishing non-T cell potential, inducing thymocyte differentiation and supporting proliferation and survival along the way to becoming a mature T cell. This review focuses on recent evidence regarding the complex interplay between the Notch pathway and other key transcription factors at specific lineage-decision points during the program of T cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja K Thompson
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
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Pérez-Cabezas B, Naranjo-Gómez M, Bastos-Amador P, Requena-Fernández G, Pujol-Borrell R, Borràs FE. Ligation of Notch receptors in human conventional and plasmacytoid dendritic cells differentially regulates cytokine and chemokine secretion and modulates Th cell polarization. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:7006-15. [PMID: 21593384 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1100203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Notch signaling is involved in multiple cellular processes. Recent data also support the prominent role of Notch signaling in the regulation of the immune response. In this study, we analyzed the expression and function of Notch receptors and ligands on both human blood conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs). The expression and modulation upon TLR activation of Notch molecules partially differed between cDCs and pDCs, but functional involvement of the Notch pathway in both cell types was clearly revealed by specific inhibition using DAPT. Beyond the induction of Notch target genes and modulation of maturation markers, Notch pathway was also involved in a differential secretion of some specific cytokines/chemokines by DC subsets. Whereas Notch ligation induced IL-10 and CCL19 secretion in cDCs, Notch inhibition resulted in a diminished production of these proteins. With regard to pDCs, Notch activation induced TNF-α whereas Notch inhibition significantly abrogated the secretion of CCL19, CXCL9, CXCL10, and TNF-α. Additionally, Notch modulation of DC subsets differentially affected Th polarization of allostimulated T cells. Our results suggest that the Notch pathway may function as an additional mechanism controlling human DC responses, with differential activity on cDCs and pDCs. This control mechanism may ultimately contribute to define the local milieu promoted by these cells under the particular conditions of the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Pérez-Cabezas
- Laboratori d'Immunobiologia i Diagnòstic Molecular, Banc de Sang i Teixits, Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
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41
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Abstract
T-cell development from stem cells has provided a highly accessible and detailed view of the regulatory processes that can go into the choice of a cell fate in a postembryonic, stem cell-based system. But it has been a view from the outside. The problems in understanding the regulatory basis for this lineage choice begin with the fact that too many transcription factors are needed to provide crucial input: without any one of them, T-cell development fails. Furthermore, almost all the factors known to provide crucial functions during the climax of T-lineage commitment itself are also vital for earlier functions that establish the pool of multilineage precursors that would normally feed into the T-cell specification process. When the regulatory genes that encode them are mutated, the confounding effects on earlier stages make it difficult to dissect T-cell specification genetically. Yet both the positive and the negative regulatory events involved in the choice of a T-cell fate are actually a mosaic of distinct functions. New evidence has emerged recently that finally provides a way to separate the major components that fit together to drive this process. Here, we review insights into T-cell specification and commitment that emerge from a combination of molecular, cellular, and systems biology approaches. The results reveal the regulatory structure underlying this lineage decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen V Rothenberg
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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42
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Abstract
Notch signaling critically mediates various hematopoietic lineage decisions and is induced in mammals by Notch ligands that are classified into 2 families, Delta-like (Delta-like-1, -3 and -4) and Jagged (Jagged1 and Jagged2), based on structural homology with both Drosophila ligands Delta and Serrate, respectively. Because the functional differences between mammalian Notch ligands were still unclear, we have investigated their influence on early human hematopoiesis and show that Jagged2 affects hematopoietic lineage decisions very similarly as Delta-like-1 and -4, but very different from Jagged1. OP9 coculture experiments revealed that Jagged2, like Delta-like ligands, induces T-lineage differentiation and inhibits B-cell and myeloid development. However, dose-dependent Notch activation studies, gene expression analysis, and promoter activation assays indicated that Jagged2 is a weaker Notch1-activator compared with the Delta-like ligands, revealing a Notch1 specific signal strength hierarchy for mammalian Notch ligands. Strikingly, Lunatic-Fringe- mediated glycosylation of Notch1 potentiated Notch signaling through Delta-like ligands and also Jagged2, in contrast to Jagged1. Thus, our results reveal a unique role for Jagged1 in preventing the induction of T-lineage differentiation in hematopoietic stem cells and show an unexpected functional similarity between Jagged2 and the Delta-like ligands.
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43
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Svensson A, Jäkärä E, Shestakov A, Eriksson K. Inhibition of γ-secretase cleavage in the notch signaling pathway blocks HSV-2-induced type I and type II interferon production. Viral Immunol 2011; 23:647-51. [PMID: 21142451 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2010.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We have evaluated the role of γ-secretase, which is a crucial component in the Notch-induced signaling cascade, on herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2)-induced innate and acquired interferon responses in human CD4(+) T cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC). We found that blockade of the Notch signaling pathway with a pharmacological γ-secretase inhibitor blocked both HSV-2-induced interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production in CD4(+) T cells, and HSV-2-induced IFN-α production in pDC in a dose-dependent fashion. These effects were not due to an overall suppressive capacity of the γ-secretase inhibitor, as it affected neither phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced IFN-γ production in CD4(+) T cells, nor CpG-induced IFN-α production in pDC. Our data suggest that Notch signaling could be involved in HSV-2-induced interferon responses in CD4(+) T-cells and pDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Svensson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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44
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Thiel A, Kesselring R, Pries R, Puzik A, Wittkopf N, Wollenberg B. Expression of the T cell receptor αβ on a CD123+ BDCA2+ HLA-DR+ subpopulation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2011; 6:e15997. [PMID: 21264308 PMCID: PMC3019173 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells (PDCs) infiltrating solid tumor tissues and draining lymph nodes of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) show an impaired immune response. In addition to an attenuated secretion of IFN-α little is known about other HNSCC-induced functional alterations in PDCs. Particular objectives in this project were to gain new insights regarding tumor-induced phenotypical and functional alterations in the PDC population. We showed by FACS analysis and RT-PCR that HNSCC orchestrates an as yet unknown subpopulation exhibiting functional autonomy in-vitro and in-vivo besides bearing phenotypical resemblance to PDCs and T cells. A subset, positive for the PDC markers CD123, BDCA-2, HLA-DR and the T cell receptor αβ (TCR-αβ) was significantly induced subsequent to stimulation with HNSCC in-vitro (p = 0.009) and also present in metastatic lymph nodes in-vivo. This subgroup could be functionally distinguished due to an enhanced production of IL-2 (p = 0.02), IL-6 (p = 0.0007) and TGF-β (not significant). Furthermore, after exposure to HNSCC cells, mRNA levels revealed a D-J-beta rearrangement of the TCR-beta chain besides a strong enhancement of the CD3ε chain in the PDC population. Our data indicate an interface between the PDC and T cell lineage. These findings will improve our understanding of phenotypical and functional intricacies concerning the very heterogeneous PDC population in-vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Thiel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
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45
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Liu X, Invernizzi P, Lu Y, Kosoy R, Lu Y, Bianchi I, Podda M, Xu C, Xie G, Macciardi F, Selmi C, Lupoli S, Shigeta R, Ransom M, Lleo A, Lee AT, Mason AL, Myers RP, Peltekian KM, Ghent CN, Bernuzzi F, Zuin M, Rosina F, Borghesio E, Floreani A, Lazzari R, Niro G, Andriulli A, Muratori L, Muratori P, Almasio PL, Andreone P, Margotti M, Brunetto M, Coco B, Alvaro D, Bragazzi MC, Marra F, Pisano A, Rigamonti C, Colombo M, Marzioni M, Benedetti A, Fabris L, Strazzabosco M, Portincasa P, Palmieri VO, Tiribelli C, Croce L, Bruno S, Rossi S, Vinci M, Prisco C, Mattalia A, Toniutto P, Picciotto A, Galli A, Ferrari C, Colombo S, Casella G, Morini L, Caporaso N, Colli A, Spinzi G, Montanari R, Gregersen PK, Heathcote EJ, Hirschfield GM, Siminovitch KA, Amos CI, Gershwin ME, Seldin MF. Genome-wide meta-analyses identify three loci associated with primary biliary cirrhosis. Nat Genet 2010; 42:658-60. [PMID: 20639880 DOI: 10.1038/ng.627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2010] [Accepted: 06/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A genome-wide association screen for primary biliary cirrhosis risk alleles was performed in an Italian cohort. The results from the Italian cohort replicated IL12A and IL12RB associations, and a combined meta-analysis using a Canadian dataset identified newly associated loci at SPIB (P = 7.9 x 10(-11), odds ratio (OR) = 1.46), IRF5-TNPO3 (P = 2.8 x 10(-10), OR = 1.63) and 17q12-21 (P = 1.7 x 10(-10), OR = 1.38).
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46
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Li L, Leid M, Rothenberg EV. An early T cell lineage commitment checkpoint dependent on the transcription factor Bcl11b. Science 2010; 329:89-93. [PMID: 20595614 DOI: 10.1126/science.1188989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The identities of the regulators that mediate commitment of hematopoietic precursors to the T lymphocyte lineage have been unknown. The last stage of T lineage commitment in vivo involves mechanisms to suppress natural killer cell potential, to suppress myeloid and dendritic cell potential, and to silence the stem cell or progenitor cell regulatory functions that initially provide T cell receptor-independent self-renewal capability. The zinc finger transcription factor Bcl11b is T cell-specific in expression among hematopoietic cell types and is first expressed in precursors immediately before T lineage commitment. We found that Bcl11b is necessary for T lineage commitment in mice and is specifically required both to repress natural killer cell-associated genes and to down-regulate a battery of stem cell or progenitor cell genes at the pivotal stage of commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Li
- Division of Biology 156-29, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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47
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Mohtashami M, Shah DK, Nakase H, Kianizad K, Petrie HT, Zúñiga-Pflücker JC. Direct comparison of Dll1- and Dll4-mediated Notch activation levels shows differential lymphomyeloid lineage commitment outcomes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:867-76. [PMID: 20548034 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1000782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the thymus, Notch signaling is essential for T lymphopoiesis, with Delta-like (Dll)4 uniquely involved in this process. However, using cocultures, either Dll4 or Dll1 were shown to support T lymphopoiesis. To address which Dll is more effective at inducing hematopoietic progenitor cells to give rise to T lineage cells in vitro, we generated OP9 cells expressing a series of incrementally discrete and equivalent levels of Dll1 or Dll4. In keeping with previous findings, OP9 cells expressing high levels of either Dll1 or Dll4 gave rise to T lineage cells with similar efficacy, and prevented the differentiation of B and myeloid-lineage cells. However, at limiting levels, Dll4 maintained its ability to inhibit B lineage choice and induce T lineage commitment and differentiation at lower levels than Dll1. This manifest property of Dll4 is evident despite lower levels of steady-state surface expression than Dll1 on OP9 cells. The heightened effectiveness of Dll4 over Dll1 also corresponded to the induction of Notch target genes, and inhibition of B and myeloid-specific transcription factors. Furthermore, we show that OP9 cells expressing levels of Dll4 equivalent to those present in thymic epithelial cells, as expected, gave rise to T lineage cells, but were also permissive for the differentiation of myeloid cells; whereas, still inhibiting B lymphopoiesis. Our findings show that Dll4 expressed at physiological levels on OP9 cells is functionally distinct from similarly expressed levels of Dll1, illustrating the unique properties of Dll4 in supporting the combined T lineage and specific myeloid-lineage outcomes that underpin its function within the thymus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Mohtashami
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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48
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Cheng P, Zhou J, Gabrilovich D. Regulation of dendritic cell differentiation and function by Notch and Wnt pathways. Immunol Rev 2010; 234:105-19. [PMID: 20193015 DOI: 10.1111/j.0105-2896.2009.00871.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The process of dendritic cell differentiation is governed by a tightly controlled signaling network regulated by cytokines and direct interaction between progenitor cells and bone marrow stroma. Notch signaling represents one of the major pathways activated during direct interaction between hematopoietic progenitor cells and bone marrow stroma. Wnt pathway is activated by soluble proteins produced by bone marrow stroma. Until recently, the role of Notch and Wnt signaling in the development of myeloid cells and dendritic cells in particular remained unclear. In this review, we discuss recent exciting findings that shed light on the critical role of Notch and Wnt pathways, their interaction in differentiation and function of dendritic cells, and their impact on immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingyan Cheng
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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49
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Schotte R, Dontje W, Nagasawa M, Yasuda Y, Bakker AQ, Spits H, Blom B. Synergy between IL-15 and Id2 Promotes the Expansion of Human NK Progenitor Cells, Which Can Be Counteracted by the E Protein HEB Required To Drive T Cell Development. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 184:6670-9. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0901508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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50
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Yuan JS, Kousis PC, Suliman S, Visan I, Guidos CJ. Functions of Notch Signaling in the Immune System: Consensus and Controversies. Annu Rev Immunol 2010; 28:343-65. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev.immunol.021908.132719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie S. Yuan
- Program in Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, and Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada;
| | - Philaretos C. Kousis
- Program in Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, and Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada;
| | - Sara Suliman
- Program in Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, and Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada;
| | - Ioana Visan
- Program in Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, and Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada;
| | - Cynthia J. Guidos
- Program in Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, and Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada;
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