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Santos FM, Ciordia S, Mesquita J, Cruz C, Sousa JPCE, Passarinha LA, Tomaz CT, Paradela A. Proteomics profiling of vitreous humor reveals complement and coagulation components, adhesion factors, and neurodegeneration markers as discriminatory biomarkers of vitreoretinal eye diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1107295. [PMID: 36875133 PMCID: PMC9978817 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1107295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Diabetic retinopathy (DR) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are leading causes of visual impairment and blindness in people aged 50 years or older in middle-income and industrialized countries. Anti-VEGF therapies have improved the management of neovascular AMD (nAMD) and proliferative DR (PDR), no treatment options exist for the highly prevalent dry form of AMD. Methods To unravel the biological processes underlying these pathologies and to find new potential biomarkers, a label-free quantitative (LFQ) method was applied to analyze the vitreous proteome in PDR (n=4), AMD (n=4) compared to idiopathic epiretinal membranes (ERM) (n=4). Results and discussion Post-hoc tests revealed 96 proteins capable of differentiating among the different groups, whereas 118 proteins were found differentially regulated in PDR compared to ERM and 95 proteins in PDR compared to dry AMD. Pathway analysis indicates that mediators of complement, coagulation cascades and acute phase responses are enriched in PDR vitreous, whilst proteins highly correlated to the extracellular matrix (ECM) organization, platelet degranulation, lysosomal degradation, cell adhesion, and central nervous system development were found underexpressed. According to these results, 35 proteins were selected and monitored by MRM (multiple reaction monitoring) in a larger cohort of patients with ERM (n=21), DR/PDR (n=20), AMD (n=11), and retinal detachment (n=13). Of these, 26 proteins could differentiate between these vitreoretinal diseases. Based on Partial least squares discriminant and multivariate exploratory receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses, a panel of 15 discriminatory biomarkers was defined, which includes complement and coagulation components (complement C2 and prothrombin), acute-phase mediators (alpha-1-antichymotrypsin), adhesion molecules (e.g., myocilin, galectin-3-binding protein), ECM components (opticin), and neurodegeneration biomarkers (beta-amyloid, amyloid-like protein 2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima M. Santos
- CICS-UBI – Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Ciordia
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joana Mesquita
- CICS-UBI – Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Carla Cruz
- CICS-UBI – Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Castro e Sousa
- CICS-UBI – Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar de Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
| | - Luís A. Passarinha
- CICS-UBI – Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Departamento de Química/Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Cândida T. Tomaz
- CICS-UBI – Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Alberto Paradela
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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Silva AL, Babo PS, Rodrigues MT, Gonçalves AI, Novoa-Carballal R, Pires RA, Rouwkema J, Reis RL, Gomes ME. Hyaluronic Acid Oligomer Immobilization as an Angiogenic Trigger for the Neovascularization of TE Constructs. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:6023-6035. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana L. Silva
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs − Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s−PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Pedro S. Babo
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs − Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s−PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Márcia T. Rodrigues
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs − Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s−PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Ana I. Gonçalves
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs − Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s−PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Ramon Novoa-Carballal
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs − Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s−PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Ricardo A. Pires
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs − Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s−PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Jeroen Rouwkema
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs − Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s−PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Manuela E. Gomes
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs − Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s−PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4710-057, Portugal
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Chan LY, Du J, Craik DJ. Tuning the Anti-Angiogenic Effect of the P15 Peptide Using Cyclic Trypsin Inhibitor Scaffolds. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:829-837. [PMID: 33881318 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is important for tumor growth, and accordingly, targeting angiogenesis has become an important pathway for antitumor therapy. A novel proapoptotic peptide, CIGB-300 (P15-Tat), has been shown to be involved in the casein kinase II phosphorylation pathway, conferring it with antiangiogenic activity. Cyclic peptides have been widely used as scaffolds in drug design studies due to their high stability and favorable biopharmaceutical properties. Here, we chose two very stable cyclic trypsin inhibitors, MCoTI-II and SFTI-1, as frameworks to incorporate the bioactive epitope P15 into various backbone loops. NMR studies revealed that all re-engineered analogs had similar secondary structures to their native cyclic frameworks. One key analog, MCoP15, displayed significant improvement for inhibiting human umbilical vein endothelial cell migration, was nontoxic, and had higher stability than the P15 epitope alone. Overall, the results show the value of P15 being engineered into cyclic trypsin inhibitor scaffolds for improving antiangiogenic activity and stability. More broadly, the study highlights the versatility of cyclic peptide frameworks in drug design for antiangiogenic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Yue Chan
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Junqiao Du
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - David J. Craik
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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Anti-Angiogenic Therapy: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073765. [PMID: 33916438 PMCID: PMC8038573 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-angiogenic therapy is an old method to fight cancer that aims to abolish the nutrient and oxygen supply to the tumor cells through the decrease of the vascular network and the avoidance of new blood vessels formation. Most of the anti-angiogenic agents approved for cancer treatment rely on targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) actions, as VEGF signaling is considered the main angiogenesis promotor. In addition to the control of angiogenesis, these drugs can potentiate immune therapy as VEGF also exhibits immunosuppressive functions. Despite the mechanistic rational that strongly supports the benefit of drugs to stop cancer progression, they revealed to be insufficient in most cases. We hypothesize that the rehabilitation of old drugs that interfere with mechanisms of angiogenesis related to tumor microenvironment might represent a promising strategy. In this review, we deepened research on the molecular mechanisms underlying anti-angiogenic strategies and their failure and went further into the alternative mechanisms that impact angiogenesis. We concluded that the combinatory targeting of alternative effectors of angiogenic pathways might be a putative solution for anti-angiogenic therapies.
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González-Castro R, Gómez-Lim MA, Plisson F. Cysteine-Rich Peptides: Hyperstable Scaffolds for Protein Engineering. Chembiochem 2020; 22:961-973. [PMID: 33095969 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cysteine-rich peptides (CRPs) are small proteins of less than 100 amino acids in length characterized by the presence of disulfide bridges and common end-to-end macrocyclization. These properties confer hyperstability against high temperatures, salt concentration, serum presence, and protease degradation to CRPs. Moreover, their intercysteine domains (loops) are susceptible to residue hypervariability. CRPs have been successfully applied as stable scaffolds for molecular grafting, a protein engineering process in which cysteine-rich structures provide higher thermodynamic and metabolic stability to an epitope and acquire new biological function(s). This review describes the successes and limitations of seven cysteine-rich scaffolds, their bioactive epitopes, and the resulting grafted peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael González-Castro
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV) Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad (Langebio), Irapuato, Guanajuato, 36824, México.,Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN Unidad Irapuato, Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Irapuato, Guanajuato, 36824, México
| | - Miguel A Gómez-Lim
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN Unidad Irapuato, Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Irapuato, Guanajuato, 36824, México
| | - Fabien Plisson
- CONACYT, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV) Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad (Langebio), Irapuato, Guanajuato, 36824, México
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Negative regulators of angiogenesis: important targets for treatment of exudative AMD. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:1763-1780. [PMID: 28679845 DOI: 10.1042/cs20170066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis contributes to the pathogenesis of many diseases including exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD). It is normally kept in check by a tightly balanced production of pro- and anti-angiogenic factors. The up-regulation of the pro-angiogenic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), is intimately linked to the pathogenesis of exudative AMD, and its antagonism has been effectively targeted for treatment. However, very little is known about potential changes in expression of anti-angiogenic factors and the role they play in choroidal vascular homeostasis and neovascularization associated with AMD. Here, we will discuss the important role of thrombospondins and pigment epithelium-derived factor, two major endogenous inhibitors of angiogenesis, in retinal and choroidal vascular homeostasis and their potential alterations during AMD and choroidal neovascularization (CNV). We will review the cell autonomous function of these proteins in retinal and choroidal vascular cells. We will also discuss the potential targeting of these molecules and use of their mimetic peptides for therapeutic development for exudative AMD.
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Chan LY, Craik DJ, Daly NL. Dual-targeting anti-angiogenic cyclic peptides as potential drug leads for cancer therapy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35347. [PMID: 27734947 PMCID: PMC5062114 DOI: 10.1038/srep35347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide analogues derived from bioactive hormones such as somatostatin or certain growth factors have great potential as angiogenesis inhibitors for cancer applications. In an attempt to combat emerging drug resistance many FDA-approved anti-angiogenesis therapies are co-administered with cytotoxic drugs as a combination therapy to target multiple signaling pathways of cancers. However, cancer therapies often encounter limiting factors such as high toxicities and side effects. Here, we combined two anti-angiogenic epitopes that act on different pathways of angiogenesis into a single non-toxic cyclic peptide framework, namely MCoTI-II (Momordica cochinchinensis trypsin inhibitor-II), and subsequently assessed the anti-angiogenic activity of the novel compound. We hypothesized that the combination of these two epitopes would elicit a synergistic effect by targeting different angiogenesis pathways and result in improved potency, compared to that of a single epitope. This novel approach has resulted in the development of a potent, non-toxic, stable and cyclic analogue with nanomolar potency inhibition in in vitro endothelial cell migration and in vivo chorioallantoic membrane angiogenesis assays. This is the first report to use the MCoTI-II framework to develop a 2-in-1 anti-angiogenic peptide, which has the potential to be used as a form of combination therapy for targeting a wide range of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Yue Chan
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, 4072 Brisbane, Australia
| | - David J Craik
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, 4072 Brisbane, Australia
| | - Norelle L Daly
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, 4870 Cairns, Australia
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PEDF and its roles in physiological and pathological conditions: implication in diabetic and hypoxia-induced angiogenic diseases. Clin Sci (Lond) 2015; 128:805-23. [PMID: 25881671 PMCID: PMC4557399 DOI: 10.1042/cs20130463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a broadly expressed multifunctional member of the serine proteinase inhibitor (serpin) family. This widely studied protein plays critical roles in many physiological and pathophysiological processes, including neuroprotection, angiogenesis, fibrogenesis and inflammation. The present review summarizes the temporal and spatial distribution patterns of PEDF in a variety of developing and adult organs, and discusses its functions in maintaining physiological homoeostasis. The major focus of the present review is to discuss the implication of PEDF in diabetic and hypoxia-induced angiogenesis, and the pathways mediating PEDF's effects under these conditions. Furthermore, the regulatory mechanisms of PEDF expression, function and degradation are also reviewed. Finally, the therapeutic potential of PEDF as an anti-angiogenic drug is briefly summarized.
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Sadeqzadeh E, de Bock CE, O'Donnell MR, Timofeeva A, Burns GF, Thorne RF. FAT1 cadherin is multiply phosphorylated on its ectodomain but phosphorylation is not catalysed by the four-jointed homologue. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:3511-7. [PMID: 25150169 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between the Drosophila cadherins fat and dachsous is regulated by phosphorylation of their respective ectodomains, a process catalysed by the atypical kinase four-jointed. Given that many signalling functions are conserved between Drosophila and vertebrate Fat cadherins, we sought to determine whether ectodomain phosphorylation is conserved in FAT1 cadherin, and also whether FJX1, the vertebrate orthologue of four-jointed, was involved in such phosphorylation events. Potential Fj consensus phosphorylation motifs were identified in FAT1 and biochemical experiments revealed the presence of phosphoserine and phosphothreonine residues in its extracellular domain. However, silencing FJX1 did not influence the levels of FAT1 ectodomain phosphorylation, indicating that other mechanisms are likely responsible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Sadeqzadeh
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Charles E de Bock
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Maureen R O'Donnell
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Anna Timofeeva
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Gordon F Burns
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Rick F Thorne
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia; School of Environmental & Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW 2258, Australia.
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Chuderland D, Ben-Ami I, Bar-Joseph H, Shalgi R. Role of pigment epithelium-derived factor in the reproductive system. Reproduction 2014; 148:R53-61. [PMID: 25049425 DOI: 10.1530/rep-14-0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The physiological function of the female reproductive organs is hormonally controlled. In each cycle, the reproductive organs undergo tissue modifications that are accompanied by formation and destruction of blood vessels. Proper angiogenesis requires an accurate balance between stimulatory and inhibitory signals, provided by pro- and anti-angiogenic factors. As with many other tissues, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) appears to be one of the major pro-angiogenic factors in the female reproductive organs. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a non-inhibitory member of the serine protease inhibitors (serpin) superfamily, possessing potent physiologic anti-angiogenic activity that negates VEGF activity. The role of PEDF in decreasing abnormal neovascularization by exerting its anti-angiogenic effect that inhibits pro-angiogenic factors, including VEGF, has been investigated mainly in the eye and in cancer. This review summarizes the function of PEDF in the reproductive system, showing its hormonal regulation and its anti-angiogenic activity. Furthermore, some pathologies of the female reproductive organs, including endometriosis, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, polycystic ovary syndrome, and others, are associated with a faulty angiogenic process. This review illuminates the role of PEDF in their pathogenesis and treatment. Collectively, we can conclude that although PEDF seems to play an essential role in the physiology and pathophysiology of the reproductive system, its full role and mechanism of action still need to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Chuderland
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologySackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, Tel-Aviv 69978, IsraelIVF and Infertility UnitDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center (Affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University), Zerifin 70300, Israel
| | - Ido Ben-Ami
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologySackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, Tel-Aviv 69978, IsraelIVF and Infertility UnitDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center (Affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University), Zerifin 70300, Israel
| | - Hadas Bar-Joseph
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologySackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, Tel-Aviv 69978, IsraelIVF and Infertility UnitDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center (Affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University), Zerifin 70300, Israel
| | - Ruth Shalgi
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologySackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, Tel-Aviv 69978, IsraelIVF and Infertility UnitDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center (Affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University), Zerifin 70300, Israel
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Craword SE, Fitchev P, Veliceasa D, Volpert OV. The many facets of PEDF in drug discovery and disease: a diamond in the rough or split personality disorder? Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 8:769-92. [PMID: 23642051 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2013.794781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) was discovered as a neurotrophic factor secreted by retinal pigment epithelial cells. A decade later, it re-emerged as a powerful angiogenesis inhibitor guarding ocular function. Since then, significant advances were made identifying PEDF's mechanisms, targets and biomedical applications. AREAS COVERED The authors review several methodologies that have generated significant new information about the potential of PEDF as a drug. Furthermore, the authors review and discuss mechanistic and structure-function analyses combined with the functional mapping of active fragments, which have yielded several short bioactive PEDF peptides. Additionally, the authors present functional studies in knockout animals and human correlates that have provided important information about conditions amenable to PEDF-based therapies. EXPERT OPINION Through its four known receptors, PEDF causes a wide range of cellular events vitally important for the organism, which include survival and differentiation, migration and invasion, lipid metabolism and stem cell maintenance. These processes are deregulated in multiple pathological conditions, including cancer, metabolic and cardiovascular disease. PEDF has been successfully used in countless preclinical models of these conditions and human correlates suggest a wide utility of PEDF-based drugs. The most significant clinical application of PEDF, to date, is its potential therapeutic use for age-related macular degeneration. Moreover, PEDF-based gene therapy has advanced to early stage clinical trials. PEDF active fragments have been mapped and used to design short peptide mimetics conferring distinct functions of PEDF, which may address specific clinical problems and become prototype drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Craword
- St. Louis University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Dong YH, Li ZQ, Sun Y, Zhuang L, Wang YK, Sun Q. Downregulation of pigment epithelium-derived factor in condyloma acuminatum. J Int Med Res 2013; 41:365-70. [PMID: 23569025 DOI: 10.1177/0300060513476584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) mRNA and protein levels in condyloma acuminatum, and their relationship with angiogenesis and keratinocyte proliferation. METHODS Lesions from male patients with condyloma acuminatum and skin from healthy male (control) subjects were collected. Levels of PEDF protein and its corresponding mRNA (SERPINF1) were determined via Western blotting and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Immunohistochemical staining for Ki-67 and CD34 was performed to calculate keratinocyte proliferation index (PI) and microvessel density (MVD), respectively. RESULTS Levels of both PEDF protein and SERPINF1 mRNA were significantly lower in lesions from patients with condyloma acuminatum (n = 30) than in skin from healthy control subjects (n = 30). There were significant negative correlations between PEDF levels and both PI and MVD. CONCLUSIONS The reduction in PEDF levels in condyloma acuminatum was associated with an increase in angiogenesis and cell proliferation. PEDF may be involved in the pathogenesis of condyloma acuminatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-hao Dong
- Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
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Chuderland D, Ben-Ami I, Kaplan-Kraicer R, Grossman H, Komsky A, Satchi-Fainaro R, Eldar-Boock A, Ron-El R, Shalgi R. Hormonal regulation of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) in granulosa cells. Mol Hum Reprod 2012; 19:72-81. [PMID: 23075882 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gas046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is critical for the development of ovarian follicles. Blood vessels are abrogated from the follicle until ovulation, when they invade it to support the developing corpus luteum. Granulosa cells are known to secrete anti-angiogenic factors that shield against premature vascularization; however, their molecular identity is yet to be defined. In this study we address the physiological role of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), a well-known angiogenic inhibitor, in granulosa cells. We have shown that human and mouse primary granulosa cells express and secrete PEDF, and characterized its hormonal regulation. Stimulation of granulosa cells with increasing doses of estrogen caused a gradual decrease in the PEDF secretion, while stimulation with progesterone caused an abrupt decrease in its secretion. Moreover, We have shown, by time- and dose-response experiments, that the secreted PEDF and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were inversely regulated by hCG; namely, PEDF level was nearly undetectable under high doses of hCG, while VEGF level was significantly elevated. The anti-angiogenic nature of the PEDF secreted from granulosa cells was examined by migration, proliferation and tube formation assays in cultures of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Depleting PEDF from primary granulosa cells conditioned media accelerated endothelial cells proliferation, migration and tube formation. Collectively, the dynamic expression of PEDF that inversely portrays VEGF expression may imply its putative role as a physiological negative regulator of follicular angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Chuderland
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
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Identification of pigment epithelium-derived factor protein forms with distinct activities on tumor cell lines. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:425907. [PMID: 22701303 PMCID: PMC3373277 DOI: 10.1155/2012/425907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a multifunctional serpin. The purpose of this study is to identify PEDF protein forms and investigate their biological activities on tumor cell lines. Methods. Recombinant human PEDF proteins were purified by cation- and anion-exchange column chromatography. They were subjected to SDS-PAGE, IEF, deglycosylation, heparin affinity chromatography, and limited proteolysis. Cell viability, real-time electrical impedance of cells, and wound healing assays were performed using bladder and breast cancer cell lines, rat retinal R28, and human ARPE-19 cells. Results. Two PEDF protein peaks were identified after anion-exchange column chromatography: PEDF-1 eluting with lower ionic strength than PEDF-2. PEDF-1 had higher pI value and lower apparent molecular weight than PEDF-2. Both PEDF forms were glycosylated, bound to heparin, and had identical patterns by limited proteolysis. However, PEDF-2 emerged as being highly potent in lowering cell viability in all tumor cell lines tested, and in inhibiting tumor and ARPE-19 cell migration. In contrast, PEDF-1 minimally affected tumor cell viability and cell migration but protected R28 cells against death caused by serum starvation. Conclusion. Two distinct biochemical forms of PEDF varying in overall charge have distinct biological effects on tumor cell viability and migration. The existence of PEDF forms may explain the multifunctional modality of PEDF.
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Farkas L, Gauldie J, Voelkel NF, Kolb M. Pulmonary Hypertension and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2011; 45:1-15. [DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2010-0365tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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16
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Narayan M, Mirza SP, Twining SS. Identification of phosphorylation sites on extracellular corneal epithelial cell maspin. Proteomics 2011; 11:1382-90. [PMID: 21365746 PMCID: PMC3098045 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201000362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Revised: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 12/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Maspin, a 42-kDa non-classical serine protease inhibitor (serpin), is expressed by epithelial cells of various tissues including the cornea. The protein localizes to the nucleus and cytosol, and is present in the extracellular space. While extracellular maspin regulates corneal stromal fibroblast adhesion and inhibits angiogenesis during wound healing in the cornea, the molecular mechanism of its extracellular functions is unclear. We hypothesized that identifying post-translational modifications of maspin, such as phosphorylation, may help decipher its mode of action. The focus of this study was on the identification of phosphorylation sites on extracellular maspin, since the extracellular form of the molecule is implicated in several functions. Multi-stage fragmentation MS was used to identify sites of phosphorylation on extracellular corneal epithelial cell maspin. A total of eight serine and threonine phosphorylation sites (Thr50, Ser97, Thr118, Thr157, Ser240, Ser298, Thr310 and Ser316) were identified on the extracellular forms of the molecule. Phosphorylation of tyrosine residues was not detected on extracellular maspin from corneal epithelial cell, in contrast to breast epithelial cells. This study provides the basis for further investigation into the functional role of phosphorylation of corneal epithelial maspin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malathi Narayan
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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17
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Abraham JD, Calvayrac-Pawlowski S, Cobo S, Salvetat N, Vicat G, Molina L, Touchon J, Michel BF, Molina F, Verdier JM, Fareh J, Mourton-Gilles C. Combined measurement of PEDF, haptoglobin and tau in cerebrospinal fluid improves the diagnostic discrimination between alzheimer’s disease and other dementias. Biomarkers 2011; 16:161-71. [DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2010.536995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Daniel Abraham
- SysDiag CNRS / Bio-Rad UMR3145, 1682 rue de la Valsiere, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Sandra Cobo
- SysDiag CNRS / Bio-Rad UMR3145, 1682 rue de la Valsiere, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Salvetat
- SysDiag CNRS / Bio-Rad UMR3145, 1682 rue de la Valsiere, Montpellier, France
| | - Guillaume Vicat
- SysDiag CNRS / Bio-Rad UMR3145, 1682 rue de la Valsiere, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurence Molina
- SysDiag CNRS / Bio-Rad UMR3145, 1682 rue de la Valsiere, Montpellier, France
| | - Jacques Touchon
- Neurology Service, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, Montpellier, France
| | - Bernard-François Michel
- Univ. Montpellier 2, Montpellier, F-34095 France; Inserm, U710, Montpellier, F-34095 France; EPHE, Paris, F-75007 France
| | - Franck Molina
- SysDiag CNRS / Bio-Rad UMR3145, 1682 rue de la Valsiere, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Michel Verdier
- Univ. Montpellier 2, Montpellier, F-34095 France; Inserm, U710, Montpellier, F-34095 France; EPHE, Paris, F-75007 France
| | - Jeannette Fareh
- SysDiag CNRS / Bio-Rad UMR3145, 1682 rue de la Valsiere, Montpellier, France
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18
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Manalo KB, Choong PFM, Becerra SP, Dass CR. Pigment epithelium-derived factor as an anticancer drug and new treatment methods following the discovery of its receptors: a patent perspective. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2011; 21:121-30. [PMID: 21204726 PMCID: PMC4026095 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2011.545347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Traditional forms of cancer therapy, which include chemotherapy, have largely been overhauled due to the significant degree of toxicity they pose to normal, otherwise healthy tissue. It is hoped that the use of biological agents, most of which are endogenously present in the body, will lead to safer treatment outcomes, without sacrificing efficacy. The finding that pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), a naturally-occurring protein, is a potent angiogenesis inhibitor has become the basis for studying the role of PEDF in tumours that are highly resistant to chemotherapy. The determination of the direct role of PEDF against cancer paves the way for understanding and developing PEDF as a novel drug. This review focuses on the patent applications behind testing the anticancer therapeutic effect of PEDF via its receptors as an antiangiogenic agent and as a direct anticancer agent. The majority of the PEDF patents describe the antiangiogenic ability and usage of recombinant vectors as the mode of treatment delivery. PEDF's therapeutic potential against different diseases and the discovery of its receptors open possibilities for improving PEDF-based peptide design and drug delivery modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina B Manalo
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, VIC, Australia
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19
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Konson A, Pradeep S, D'Acunto CW, Seger R. Pigment epithelium-derived factor and its phosphomimetic mutant induce JNK-dependent apoptosis and p38-mediated migration arrest. J Biol Chem 2010; 286:3540-51. [PMID: 21059648 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.151548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a potent endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis and a promising anticancer agent. We have previously shown that PEDF can be phosphorylated and that distinct phosphorylations differentially regulate its physiological functions. We also demonstrated that triple phosphomimetic mutant (EEE-PEDF), has significantly increased antiangiogenic activity and is much more efficient than WT-PEDF in inhibiting neovascularization and tumor growth. The enhanced antiangiogenic effect was associated with a direct ability to facilitate apoptosis of tumor-residing endothelial cells (ECs), and subsequently, disruption of intratumoral vascularization. In the present report, we elucidated the molecular mechanism by which EEE-PEDF exerts more profound effects at the cellular level. We found that EEE-PEDF suppresses EC proliferation due to caspase-3-dependent apoptosis and also inhibits migration of the EC much better than WT-PEDF. Although WT-PEDF and EEE-PEDF did not affect proliferation and did not induce apoptosis of cancer cells, these agents efficiently inhibited cancer cell motility, with EEE-PEDF showing a stronger effect. The stronger activity of EEE-PEDF was correlated with a better binding to laminin receptors. Furthermore, the proapoptotic and antimigratory activities of WT-PEDF and EEE-PEDF were found regulated by differential activation of two distinct MAPK pathways, namely JNK and p38, respectively. We show that JNK and p38 phosphorylation is much higher in cells treated with EEE-PEDF. JNK leads to apoptosis of ECs, whereas p38 leads to anti-migratory effect in both EC and cancer cells. These results reveal the molecular signaling mechanism by which the phosphorylated PEDF exerts its stronger antiangiogenic, antitumor activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Konson
- Department of Biological Regulation, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
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Konson A, Pradeep S, Seger R. Phosphomimetic Mutants of Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor with Enhanced Antiangiogenic Activity as Potent Anticancer Agents. Cancer Res 2010; 70:6247-57. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-0434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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On the identification of biomarkers for non-small cell lung cancer in serum and pleural effusion. J Proteomics 2010; 73:1511-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2010.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2009] [Revised: 03/01/2010] [Accepted: 03/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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22
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Filleur S, Nelius T, de Riese W, Kennedy RC. Characterization of PEDF: a multi-functional serpin family protein. J Cell Biochem 2009; 106:769-75. [PMID: 19180572 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a 50 kDa secreted glycoprotein that belongs to the non-inhibitory serpin family group. PEDF has been described as a natural angiogenesis inhibitor with neurotrophic and immune-modulation properties; it balances angiogenesis in the eye and blocks tumor progression. The mechanisms underlying most of these events are not completely clear; however, it appears that PEDF acts via multiple high affinity ligands and cell receptors. In this review article, we will summarize the current knowledge on the biochemical properties of PEDF and its receptors, the multimodal activities of PEDF and finally address the therapeutic potential of PEDF in treating angiogenesis-, neurodegeneration- and inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Filleur
- Department of Urology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 6591, Lubbock, Texas 79430-6591, USA.
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Fernandez-Garcia NI, Volpert OV, Jimenez B. Pigment epithelium-derived factor as a multifunctional antitumor factor. J Mol Med (Berl) 2006; 85:15-22. [PMID: 17106733 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-006-0111-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2006] [Revised: 07/14/2006] [Accepted: 08/11/2006] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The design of new therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment is based on the combination of drugs directed against different tumor compartments, including the tumor cells themselves and components of the stroma, such as the tumor vasculature. Indeed, several antiangiogenic compounds have entered clinical trials for use alone or in combination with conventional cytotoxic drugs. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a multifunctional natural peptide with complex neurotrophic, neuroprotective, antiangiogenic, and proapoptotic biological activities, any of which could potentially be exploited for therapeutic purposes. This review summarizes recent studies that reveal the antitumor potential of PEDF based on its antiangiogenic properties and its newly discovered direct antitumor effects, which involve the induction of differentiation or apoptosis in tumor cells. We also discuss possible therapeutic applications of PEDF, based on these mechanistic insights and on the identification of functional domains that retain specific biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- N I Fernandez-Garcia
- Departamento de Bioquimica, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas CSIC-UAM, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
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