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Jin X, Min Q, Wang D, Wang Y, Li G, Wang Z, Guo Y, Zhou Y. FV-429 induces apoptosis by regulating nuclear translocation of PKM2 in pancreatic cancer cells. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29515. [PMID: 38638982 PMCID: PMC11024618 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Of all malignancies, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), constituting 90% of pancreatic cancers, has the worst prognosis. Glycolysis is overactive in PDAC patients and is associated with poor prognosis. Drugs that inhibit glycolysis as well as induce cell death need to be identified. However, glycolysis inhibitors often fail to induce cell death. We here found that FV-429, a derivative of the natural flavonoid wogonin, can induce mitochondrial apoptosis and inhibit glycolysis in PDAC in vivo and in vitro. In vitro, FV-429 inhibited intracellular ATP content, glucose uptake, and lactate generation, consequently leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in PDAC cells. Furthermore, it decreased the expression of PKM2 (a specific form of pyruvate kinase) through the ERK signaling pathway and enhanced PKM2 nuclear translocation. TEPP-46, the activator of PKM2, reversed FV-429-induced glycolysis inhibition and mitochondrial apoptosis in the PDAC cells. In addition, FV-429 exhibited significant tumor suppressor activity and high safety in BxPC-3 cell xenotransplantation models. These results thus demonstrated that FV-429 decreases PKM2 expression through the ERK signaling pathway and enhances PKM2 nuclear translocation, thereby resulting in glycolysis inhibition and mitochondrial apoptosis in PDAC in vitro and in vivo, which makes FV-429 a promising candidate for pancreatic cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xifan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qi Min
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, China
- Department of Oncology, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Dechao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Guangming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zhiying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yongjian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yuxin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
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Govindasamy B, Muthu M, Gopal J, Chun S. A review on the impact of TRAIL on cancer signaling and targeting via phytochemicals for possible cancer therapy. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127162. [PMID: 37788732 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Anticancer therapies have been the continual pursuit of this age. Cancer has been ravaging all across the globe breathing not just threats but demonstrating them. Remedies for cancer have been frantically sought after. Few have worked out, yet till date, the available cancer therapies have not delivered a holistic solution. In a world where the search for therapies is levitating towards natural remedies, solutions based on phytochemicals are highly prospective attractions. A lot has been achieved with inputs from plant resources, providing numerous natural remedies. In the current review, we intensely survey the progress achieved in the treatment of cancer through phytochemicals-based programmed cell death of cancer cells. More specifically, we have further reviewed and discussed the role of phytochemicals in activating apoptosis via Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (TRAIL), which is a cell protein that can attach to certain molecules in cancer cells, killing cancer cells. The objective of this review is to enlist the various phytochemicals that are available for specifically contributing towards triggering the TRAIL cell protein-mediated cancer therapy and to point out the research gaps that require future research motivation. This is the first review of this kind in this research direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balasubramani Govindasamy
- Department of Product Development, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai 602105, India
| | - Manikandan Muthu
- Department of Research and Innovation, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai 602105, India
| | - Judy Gopal
- Department of Research and Innovation, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai 602105, India
| | - Sechul Chun
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Institute of Natural Science and Agriculture, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Pang J, Zhuang B, Zhang LM. A co-carrier for plasmid DNA and curcumin delivery to treat pancreatic cancer via dendritic poly(l-lysine) modified amylose. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127467. [PMID: 37863141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies in the world and remains one of the leading causes of cancer related death. For its treatment, a lot of investigations have dealt not only with individual chemotherapy by using polymeric carriers to deliver anticancer drugs, but also with individual gene therapy by using polymeric carriers to deliver nucleic acids such as small interfering RNA (siRNA) and plasmid DNA. However, relatively few studies have been focused on the co-delivery of gene and anticancer drug by multifunctional polymeric carriers for its synergistic therapy. In this work, a DPLL-functionalized amylose (ADP) was prepared by the click reaction between azidized amylose and propargyl focal point poly(l-lysine) dendrons, and then used to co-deliver plasmid pIRES2-EGFP-TNFα and curcumin for pancreatic cancer treatment. Due to the internal hydrophobic cavity of amylose component, ADP could load efficiently curcumin with anticancer activity and showed a sustained release behavior. Moreover, the curcumin-loaded ADP could form colloidally stable nanocomplexes with plasmid DNA in aqueous system due to the existence of cationic poly(l-lysine) dendrons and exhibited high gene transfection efficiency. The in vitro and in vivo tests confirmed the effectiveness of using ADP to co-deliver plasmid pIRES2-EGFP-TNFα and curcumin for synergistic therapy of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiadong Pang
- DSAPM Lab and PCFM Lab, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Medical Intelligence and Innovation Academy, South University of Science and Technology Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Baoxiong Zhuang
- Department of General Surgery & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Li-Ming Zhang
- DSAPM Lab and PCFM Lab, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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ARHGAP15 promotes metastatic colonization in gastric cancer by suppressing RAC1-ROS pathway. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010640. [PMID: 36802400 PMCID: PMC9983873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanism of tumor metastasis, especially how metastatic tumor cells colonize in a distant site, remains poorly understood. Here we reported that ARHGAP15, a Rho GTPase activating protein, enhanced gastric cancer (GC) metastatic colonization, which was quite different from its reported role as a tumor suppressor gene in other cancers. It was upregulated in metastatic lymph nodes and significantly associated with a poor prognosis. Ectopic expression of ARHGAP15 promoted metastatic colonization of gastric cancer cells in murine lungs and lymph nodes in vivo or protected cells from oxidative-related death in vitro. However, genetic downregulation of ARHGAP15 had the opposite effect. Mechanistically, ARHGAP15 inactivated RAC1 and then decreased intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thus enhancing the antioxidant capacity of colonizing tumor cells under oxidative stress. This phenotype could be phenocopied by inhibition of RAC1 or rescued by the introduction of constitutively active RAC1 into cells. Taken together, these findings suggested a novel role of ARHGAP15 in promoting gastric cancer metastasis by quenching ROS through inhibiting RAC1 and its potential value for prognosis estimation and targeted therapy.
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Bhosale PB, Abusaliya A, Kim HH, Ha SE, Park MY, Jeong SH, Vetrivel P, Heo JD, Kim JA, Won CK, Kim HW, Kim GS. Apigetrin Promotes TNFα-Induced Apoptosis, Necroptosis, G2/M Phase Cell Cycle Arrest, and ROS Generation through Inhibition of NF-κB Pathway in Hep3B Liver Cancer Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172734. [PMID: 36078142 PMCID: PMC9454891 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Apigetrin (7-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-4′,5-dihydroxyflavone), a glycoside bioactive dietary flavonoid derived from Taraxacum officinale and Teucrium gnaphalodes, is known to possess anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects on numerous cancers. In the present study, we examined the effect of apigetrin in Hep3B hepatocellular cancer cell line (HCC). Apigetrin inhibited cell growth and proliferation of Hep3B cells, as confirmed by MTT and colony formation assay. We used apigetrin at concentrations of 0, 50, and 100 µM for later experiments. Of these concentrations, 100 µM of apigetrin showed a significant effect on cell inhibition. In apigetrin-treated Hep3B cells, cell cycle arrest occurred at the G2/M phase. Apoptosis and necroptosis of Hep3B cells treated with apigetrin were confirmed by Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) staining and flow cytometry results. Morphological observation through 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining showed intense blue fluorescence representing chromatin condensation. Hematoxylin staining showed necroptotic features such as formation of vacuoles and swelling of organelles. Apigetrin increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in cells, based on fluorescence imaging. Furthermore, the underlying mechanism involved in the apoptosis and necroptosis was elucidated through western blotting. Apigetrin up-regulated TNFα, but down-regulated phosphorylation of p-p65, and IκB. Apigetrin inhibited the expression of Bcl-xl but increased Bax levels. Up-regulation of cleaved PARP and cleaved caspase 3 confirmed the induction of apoptosis in apigetrin-treated Hep3B cells. Additionally, necroptosis markers RIP3, p-RIP3, and p-MLKL were significantly elevated by apigetrin dose-dependently, suggesting necroptotic cell death. Taken together, our findings strongly imply that apigetrin can induce apoptosis and necroptosis of Hep3B hepatocellular cancer cells. Thus, apigetrin as a natural compound might have potential for treating liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Bhagwan Bhosale
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Abuyaseer Abusaliya
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Hun Hwan Kim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Sang Eun Ha
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
- Biological Resources Research Group, Bioenvironmental Science & Toxicology Division, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), 17 Jeigok-gil, Jinju 52834, Korea
| | - Min Yeong Park
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Se Hyo Jeong
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Preethi Vetrivel
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117643, Singapore
| | - Jeong Doo Heo
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117643, Singapore
| | - Jin-A Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, International University of Korea, Jinju 52833, Korea
| | - Chung kil Won
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Hyun-Wook Kim
- Division of Animal Bioscience & Intergrated Biotechnology, Jinju 52725, Korea
| | - Gon Sup Kim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-55-772-2346
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Webber KGI, Truong T, Johnston SM, Zapata SE, Liang Y, Davis JM, Buttars AD, Smith FB, Jones HE, Mahoney AC, Carson RH, Nwosu AJ, Heninger JL, Liyu AV, Nordin GP, Zhu Y, Kelly RT. Label-Free Profiling of up to 200 Single-Cell Proteomes per Day Using a Dual-Column Nanoflow Liquid Chromatography Platform. Anal Chem 2022; 94:6017-6025. [PMID: 35385261 PMCID: PMC9356711 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Single-cell proteomics (SCP) has great potential to advance biomedical research and personalized medicine. The sensitivity of such measurements increases with low-flow separations (<100 nL/min) due to improved ionization efficiency, but the time required for sample loading, column washing, and regeneration in these systems can lead to low measurement throughput and inefficient utilization of the mass spectrometer. Herein, we developed a two-column liquid chromatography (LC) system that dramatically increases the throughput of label-free SCP using two parallel subsystems to multiplex sample loading, online desalting, analysis, and column regeneration. The integration of MS1-based feature matching increased proteome coverage when short LC gradients were used. The high-throughput LC system was reproducible between the columns, with a 4% difference in median peptide abundance and a median CV of 18% across 100 replicate analyses of a single-cell-sized peptide standard. An average of 621, 774, 952, and 1622 protein groups were identified with total analysis times of 7, 10, 15, and 30 min, corresponding to a measurement throughput of 206, 144, 96, and 48 samples per day, respectively. When applied to single HeLa cells, we identified nearly 1000 protein groups per cell using 30 min cycles and 660 protein groups per cell for 15 min cycles. We explored the possibility of measuring cancer therapeutic targets with a pilot study comparing the K562 and Jurkat leukemia cell lines. This work demonstrates the feasibility of high-throughput label-free single-cell proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei G. I. Webber
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Thy Truong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - S. Madisyn Johnston
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Sebastian E. Zapata
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Yiran Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Jacob M. Davis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Alexander D. Buttars
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Fletcher B. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Hailey E. Jones
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Arianna C. Mahoney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Richard H. Carson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Andikan J. Nwosu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Jacob L. Heninger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Andrey V. Liyu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Gregory P. Nordin
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Ying Zhu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Ryan T. Kelly
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
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Banik K, Khatoon E, Harsha C, Rana V, Parama D, Thakur KK, Bishayee A, Kunnumakkara AB. Wogonin and its analogs for the prevention and treatment of cancer: A systematic review. Phytother Res 2022; 36:1854-1883. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kishore Banik
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering Indian Institute of Technology‐Guwahati Guwahati India
- DBT‐AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research Indian Institute of Technology‐Guwahati Guwahati India
| | - Elina Khatoon
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering Indian Institute of Technology‐Guwahati Guwahati India
- DBT‐AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research Indian Institute of Technology‐Guwahati Guwahati India
| | - Choudhary Harsha
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering Indian Institute of Technology‐Guwahati Guwahati India
- DBT‐AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research Indian Institute of Technology‐Guwahati Guwahati India
| | - Varsha Rana
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering Indian Institute of Technology‐Guwahati Guwahati India
- DBT‐AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research Indian Institute of Technology‐Guwahati Guwahati India
| | - Dey Parama
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering Indian Institute of Technology‐Guwahati Guwahati India
- DBT‐AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research Indian Institute of Technology‐Guwahati Guwahati India
| | - Krishan Kumar Thakur
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering Indian Institute of Technology‐Guwahati Guwahati India
- DBT‐AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research Indian Institute of Technology‐Guwahati Guwahati India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic medicine Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine Bradenton Florida USA
| | - Ajaikumar B. Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering Indian Institute of Technology‐Guwahati Guwahati India
- DBT‐AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research Indian Institute of Technology‐Guwahati Guwahati India
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Vilchis-Ordoñez A, Ramírez-Ramírez D, Pelayo R. The triad inflammation-microenvironment-tumor initiating cells in leukemia progression. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2020.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Hammad NM, Abdelhadi AA, Fawzy MM, Marei A. Complement component 3c and tumor necrosis factor-α systemic assessment after Candida antigen immunotherapy in cutaneous warts. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:1673-1681. [PMID: 32594377 PMCID: PMC7688774 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00322-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous warts are the commonest benign lesion produced by human papillomavirus. Lesions often regress spontaneously yet have a high rate of recurrence. They impair patients' quality of life and carry the potential risk of cancer. Nowadays, Candida antigen immunotherapy has become an encouraging therapeutic modality for warts. We tried to assess the role of the complement pathway and T helper 1 immune response in clinical response to Candida antigen immunotherapy via complement component 3c (C3c) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, respectively. METHODS A total of 44 patients with cutaneous warts were enrolled in the study. Patients were injected with Candida antigen at 2-week interval until complete clearance of the lesion or for a maximum of 5 sessions. Blood samples were collected before initiation and after completion of immunotherapy. C3 and C4 were measured using an automated turbidimetric method. Mannose-binding lectin (MBL), C3c, and TNF-α were measured using enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay. RESULTS A total of 56.4%, 17.9%, and 25.7% of the patients showed complete, partial, and no response to immunotherapy, respectively. Lesions on the dorsum of the foot and sole showed significant clearance (p value = 0.037). All patients had no deficient C3, C4, and MBL serum levels. C3c and TNF-α serum levels were significantly higher in non-responder group (p value < 0.001 and < 0.001, respectively). C3c and TNF-α serum levels were strongly correlated in all the studied patients (r = 0.8, p value < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Candida antigen immunotherapy is an effective therapeutic modality for cutaneous warts. C3c and TNF-α serum levels were higher in patients who failed to respond to immunotherapy. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NUMBER NCT04399577 , May 2020 "retrospectively registered".
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha M Hammad
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Amina A Abdelhadi
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Manal M Fawzy
- Dermatology and Andrology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ayman Marei
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Chen X, Wei L, Yang L, Guo W, Guo Q, Zhou Y. Glycolysis inhibition and apoptosis induction in human prostate cancer cells by FV-429-mediated regulation of AR-AKT-HK2 signaling network. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 143:111517. [PMID: 32619556 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) depends on androgen receptor (AR) signaling to regulate cell metabolism, including glycolysis, and thereby promotes tumor growth. Glycolysis is overactive in PCa and associated with poor prognosis, but the therapeutic efficacy of glycolysis inhibitors has thus far been limited by their inability to induce cell death. FV-429, a flavonoid derivative of Wogonin, is a glycolysis inhibitor that has shown anti-cancer promise. In this study, we used FV-429 as an anti-PCa agent and investigated its mechanisms of action. In vitro, both the glycolytic ability and the viability of PCa cells were inhibited by FV-429. We found that FV-429 could induce mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis, with AKT-HK2 signaling pathway playing a key role. In addition, FV-429 had a pro-apoptotic effect on human prostate cancer cells that relied on the inhibition of AR expression and activity. In vivo, FV-429 exerted significant tumor-repressing activity with high safety in the xenograft model using LNCaP cells. In summary, we demonstrated that FV-429 induced glycolysis inhibition and apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells by downregulating the AR-AKT-HK2 signaling network, making FV-429 a promising candidate as one therapeutic agent for advanced PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Libin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Liliang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinglong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuxin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Allegra A, Musolino C, Tonacci A, Pioggia G, Casciaro M, Gangemi S. Clinico-Biological Implications of Modified Levels of Cytokines in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Possible Therapeutic Role. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020524. [PMID: 32102441 PMCID: PMC7072434 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is the main cause of mortality among hematologic diseases in Western nations. B-CLL is correlated with an intense alteration of the immune system. The altered functions of innate immune elements and adaptive immune factors are interconnected in B-CLL and are decisive for its onset, evolution, and therapeutic response. Modifications in the cytokine balance could support the growth of the leukemic clone via a modulation of cellular proliferation and apoptosis, as some cytokines have been reported to be able to affect the life of B-CLL cells in vivo. In this review, we will examine the role played by cytokines in the cellular dynamics of B-CLL patients, interpret the contradictions sometimes present in the literature regarding their action, and evaluate the possibility of manipulating their production in order to intervene in the natural history of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Haematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Caterina Musolino
- Division of Haematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Alessandro Tonacci
- Clinical Physiology Institute, National Research Council of Italy (IFC-CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Pioggia
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 98164 Messina, Italy;
| | - Marco Casciaro
- Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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12
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Huang J, Guo W, Cheung F, Tan HY, Wang N, Feng Y. Integrating Network Pharmacology and Experimental Models to Investigate the Efficacy of Coptidis and Scutellaria Containing Huanglian Jiedu Decoction on Hepatocellular Carcinoma. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2020; 48:161-182. [PMID: 31964157 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x20500093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Unlike Western medicines with single-target, the traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) always exhibit diverse curative effects against multiple diseases through its "multi-components" and "multi-targets" manifestations. However, discovery and identification of the major therapeutic diseases and the underlying molecular mechanisms of TCM remain to be challenged. In the current study, we, for the first time, applied an integrated strategy by combining network pharmacology with experimental evaluation, for exploration and demonstration of the therapeutic potentials and the underlying possible mechanisms of a classic TCM formula, Huanglian Jiedu decoction (HLJDD). First, the herb-compound, compound-protein, protein-pathway, and gene-disease networks were constructed to predict the major therapeutic diseases of HLJDD and explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. Network pharmacology analysis showed the top one predicted disease of HLJDD treatment was cancer, especially hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and inflammation-related genes played an important role in the treatment of HLJDD on cancer. Next, based on the prediction by network pharmacology analysis, both in vitro HCC cell and in vivo orthotopic HCC implantation mouse models were established to validate the curative role of HLJDD. HLJDD exerted its antitumor activity on HCC in vitro, as demonstrated by impaired cell proliferation and colony formation abilities, induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, as well as inhibited migratory and invasive properties of HCC cells. The orthotopic HCC implantation mouse model further demonstrated the remarkable antitumour effects of HLJDD on HCC in vivo. In conclusion, our study demonstrated the effectiveness of integrating network pharmacology with experimental study for discovery and identification of the major therapeutic diseases and the underlying molecular mechanisms of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihan Huang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Center for Drug Clinical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Guo
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fan Cheung
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hor-Yue Tan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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13
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Khandia R, Munjal A. Interplay between inflammation and cancer. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2020; 119:199-245. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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14
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Sundarraj K, Raghunath A, Panneerselvam L, Perumal E. Fisetin, a phytopolyphenol, targets apoptotic and necroptotic cell death in HepG2 cells. Biofactors 2020; 46:118-135. [PMID: 31634424 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Fisetin (3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone), a bioactive dietary flavonoid, intrigued scientists for its anticancer potential against various cancer types. We investigated the fisetin-induced inhibition of growth and survival of human hepatocellular carcinoma. Fisetin decreased cell viability and proliferation of HepG2 cells as revealed from MTT and clonogenicity assays. Cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase was observed. Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) staining followed by flow cytometry revealed that fisetin induced both apoptosis and necroptosis in HepG2 cells. Apoptotic cells were significantly increased on fisetin treatment as observed in morphological evaluations and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole and Acridine orange staining. Flow cytometry, fluorescence imaging, and 2', 7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate analyses showed an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation on fisetin treatment. Pretreatment with N-acetyl cysteine inhibited ROS production and also rescued mitochondrial membrane potential in HepG2 cells. The underlying mechanisms of apoptosis and necroptosis were determined by analysis of their respective signaling molecules using qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Fisetin showed a marked increase in the expression of TNFα and IKκB with a decrease in NF-κB, pNF-κB and pIKκB expression. Fisetin reduced the expression of Bcl2, and elevated levels of Bax, caspase-3, and PARP and thus induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells. zVAD suppressed the fisetin-induced expression of caspase-8, RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL as opposed to fisetin treatment. Nec-1 + fisetin could not completely block necroptosis, which warrants further investigation. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the fisetin exhibited anti-proliferative effects on HepG2 cells through apoptosis and necroptosis via multiple signaling pathways. Fiestin has potential as a therapeutic agent against hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiruthika Sundarraj
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Azhwar Raghunath
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Lakshmikanthan Panneerselvam
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Ekambaram Perumal
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India
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15
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Li Y, Li J, Gong Z, Pan XH, Ma ZH, Ma SY, Wang HM, Dong HL, Gong FY, Gao XM. M860, a Monoclonal Antibody against Human Lactoferrin, Enhances Tumoricidal Activity of Low Dosage Lactoferrin via Granzyme B Induction. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24203640. [PMID: 31600968 PMCID: PMC6832554 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin (LF) is a soluble glycoprotein of the transferring family found in most biological fluids, functioning as a major first line defense molecule against infection in mammals. It also shows certain anti-tumor activity, but its clinical application in tumor therapy is limited because high dosage is required. In this study, we demonstrate that M860, a monoclonal antibody against human LF (hLF), could significantly increase the anti-tumor potential of low dosage hLF by forming LF-containing immune complex (IC). Human monocytes primed with LF-IC, but not hLF or M860 alone, or control ICs, showed strong tumoricidal activity on leukemia cell lines Jurkat and Raji through induction of secreted Granzyme B (GzB). LF-IC is able to colligate membrane-bound CD14 (a TLR4 co-receptor) and FcγRIIa (a low affinity activating Fcγ receptor) on the surface of human monocytes, thereby triggering the Syk-PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway leading to GzB production. Our work identifies a novel pathway for LF-mediated tumoricidal activity and may extend the clinical application of LF in tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Li
- The Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Key Laboratory of Systemic Biomedicine of Suzhou, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Jie Li
- The Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zheng Gong
- The Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Pan
- The Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zi-Han Ma
- The Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shu-Yan Ma
- The Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hong-Min Wang
- The Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hong-Liang Dong
- The Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Fang-Yuan Gong
- The Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
- Key Laboratory of Systemic Biomedicine of Suzhou, Suzhou 215000, China.
| | - Xiao-Ming Gao
- The Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
- Key Laboratory of Systemic Biomedicine of Suzhou, Suzhou 215000, China.
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16
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Xing H, Ren C, Kong Y, Ni Q, Wang Z, Zhao D, Li N, Chen X, Lu Y. Determination of GL-V9, a derivative of wogonin, in rat plasma by UPLC-MS/MS and its application to a pharmacokinetic study after oral and pulmonary administration. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 33:e4556. [PMID: 30990904 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
GL-V9, a derivative of wogonin, shows much more potent anticancer properties than wogonin. In this study, a selective, sensitive and rapid ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the determination of GL-V9 in rat plasma. Plasma samples were processed using methanol to precipitate protein. Chromatographic separation of analytes was achieved on a C18 column using gradient elution within 4.5 min. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and water including 0.1% (v/v) formic acid and 5 mm ammonium acetate. GL-V9 and caffeine (internal standard) were monitored by positive electrospray triple quadrupole mass spectrometer and quantified using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with the transitions of m/z 410.20 → 126.10 (GL-V9) and 195.10 → 138.00 (IS: caffeine), respectively. Good linearity was obtained over the range of 2-1000 ng/mL (R2 > 0.99) and the extraction recovery was 101.91 ± 11.34%. The intra- and inter-day precision variations were small (RSD 1.35-6.96%) and the relative error (RE) of accuracy was -7.35-6.27%. The established and validated UPLC-MS/MS method was successfully applied to study the pharmacokinetic behavior of GL-V9 after administration through different delivery routes. The results demonstrated that pulmonary delivery exhibited a greater advantage in terms of improving bioavailability compared with oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Xing
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chang Ren
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Kong
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Ni
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Li
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xijing Chen
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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17
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Xing H, Ren C, Kong Y, Ning C, Kong D, Zhang Y, Zhao D, Li N, Wang Z, Chen X, Lu Y. Mechanistic study of absorption and first-pass metabolism of GL-V9, a derivative of wogonin. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2019; 40:151-161. [PMID: 30931529 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
GL-V9, a derivative of wogonin, has potent anti-cancer activity. The absorption and metabolism of this compound have not been investigated systematically. This study aims to illustrate the pharmacokinetic characters of GL-V9 by exploring its metabolic status under different administration routes. To further clarify the absorption mechanism of GL-V9, an in situ single-pass perfusion model and a Caco-2 cell monolayer model were used. Meanwhile, a microsomal incubation system was used to evaluate the enzyme kinetic parameters. In vivo, the obtained gastrointestinal availability (Fa × Fg ) was 21.28 ± 5.38%. The unmetabolized fraction in the gut wall (Fgut wall ) was 98.59 ± 9.74%, while the hepatic bioavailability (Fh ) was 29.11 ± 5.22%. These results indicated that poor absorption and extensive metabolism may contribute greatly to the low bioavailability of GL-V9. The effective permeability (Peff ) in the duodenum and jejunum was 1.34 ± 0.50 × 10-4 and 0.90 ± 0.27 × 10-4 cm/s, respectively. The high permeability of GL-V9 indicated that other unknown factors (such as metabolism) may account for its systemic exposure problem. Studies in rat liver microsomal (RLMs) confirmed this hypothesis, and the Clint, CYP450s and UGT of GL-V9 was 0.20 ml/min/mg protein. In conclusion, these results suggest that GL-V9 possesses higher permeability than wogonin and the metabolism of GL-V9 is related to its disposition in rat intestine and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Xing
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211198, China
| | - Chang Ren
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211198, China
| | - Ying Kong
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211198, China
| | - Chen Ning
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211198, China
| | - Dexuan Kong
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211198, China
| | - Yongjie Zhang
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211198, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211198, China
| | - Ning Li
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211198, China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211198, China
| | - Xijing Chen
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211198, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211198, China
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18
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Fouani L, Kovacevic Z, Richardson DR. Targeting Oncogenic Nuclear Factor Kappa B Signaling with Redox-Active Agents for Cancer Treatment. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:1096-1123. [PMID: 29161883 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling is essential under physiologically relevant conditions. However, aberrant activation of this pathway plays a pertinent role in tumorigenesis and contributes to resistance. Recent Advances: The importance of the NF-κB pathway means that its targeting must be specific to avoid side effects. For many currently used therapeutics and those under development, the ability to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a promising strategy. CRITICAL ISSUES As cancer cells exhibit greater ROS levels than their normal counterparts, they are more sensitive to additional ROS, which may be a potential therapeutic niche. It is known that ROS are involved in (i) the activation of NF-κB signaling, when in sublethal amounts; and (ii) high levels induce cytotoxicity resulting in apoptosis. Indeed, ROS-induced cytotoxicity is valuable for its capabilities in killing cancer cells, but establishing the potency of ROS for effective inhibition of NF-κB signaling is necessary. Indeed, some cancer treatments, currently used, activate NF-κB and may stimulate oncogenesis and confer resistance. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Thus, combinatorial approaches using ROS-generating agents alongside conventional therapeutics may prove an effective tactic to reduce NF-κB activity to kill cancer cells. One strategy is the use of thiosemicarbazones, which form redox-active metal complexes that generate high ROS levels to deliver potent antitumor activity. These agents also upregulate the metastasis suppressor, N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 (NDRG1), which functions as an NF-κB signaling inhibitor. It is proposed that targeting NF-κB signaling may proffer a new therapeutic niche to improve the efficacy of anticancer regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Fouani
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Zaklina Kovacevic
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Des R Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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19
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Down‐regulation of intracellular anti‐apoptotic proteins, particularly c‐FLIP by therapeutic agents; the novel view to overcome resistance to TRAIL. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6470-6485. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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20
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Dürr C, Hanna BS, Schulz A, Lucas F, Zucknick M, Benner A, Clear A, Ohl S, Öztürk S, Zenz T, Stilgenbauer S, Li-Weber M, Krammer PH, Gribben JG, Lichter P, Seiffert M. Tumor necrosis factor receptor signaling is a driver of chronic lymphocytic leukemia that can be therapeutically targeted by the flavonoid wogonin. Haematologica 2018; 103:688-697. [PMID: 29326123 PMCID: PMC5865430 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.177808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is a malignancy of mature B cells that strongly depend on microenvironmental factors, and their deprivation has been identified as a promising treatment approach for this incurable disease. Cytokine array screening of 247 chronic lymphocytic leukemia serum samples revealed elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-1 which were associated with poor clinical outcome. We detected a microenvironment-induced expression of TNF receptor-1 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells in vitro, and an aberrantly high expression of this receptor in the proliferation centers of patients’ lymph nodes. Stimulation of TNF receptor-1 with TNF-α enhanced nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB) activity and viability of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells, which was inhibited by wogonin. The therapeutic effects of wogonin were analyzed in mice after adoptive transfer of Eμ-T-cell leukemia 1 (TCL1) leukemic cells. Wogonin treatment prevented leukemia development when given early after transplantation. The treatment of full-blown leukemia resulted in the loss of the TNF receptor-1 on chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells and their mobilization to blood. Targeting TNF receptor-1 signaling is therefore proposed for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Dürr
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bola S Hanna
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Angela Schulz
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabienne Lucas
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Manuela Zucknick
- Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Oslo Center for Biostatistics and Epidemiology; Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Axel Benner
- Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrew Clear
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Sibylle Ohl
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Selcen Öztürk
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Zenz
- Molecular Therapy in Haematology and Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), and Department of Medicine V, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Min Li-Weber
- Division of Immunogenetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter H Krammer
- Division of Immunogenetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - John G Gribben
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Peter Lichter
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Seiffert
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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21
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Pistollato F, Calderón Iglesias R, Ruiz R, Aparicio S, Crespo J, Dzul Lopez L, Giampieri F, Battino M. The use of natural compounds for the targeting and chemoprevention of ovarian cancer. Cancer Lett 2017; 411:191-200. [PMID: 29017913 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Among gynaecological cancers, ovarian cancer represents the leading cause of death in women. Current treatment for ovarian cancer entails surgery followed by combined chemotherapy with platinum and taxane, which are associated, particularly cisplatin, with severe side effects. While this treatment approach appears to be initially effective in a high number of patients, nearly 70% of them suffer a relapse within a few months after initial treatment. Therefore, more effective and better-tolerated treatment options are clearly needed. In recent years, several natural compounds (such as curcumin, epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG), resveratrol, sulforaphane and Withaferin-A), characterized by long-term safety and negligible and/or inexistent side effects, have been proposed as possible adjuvants of traditional chemotherapy. Indeed, several in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that phytocompounds can effectively inhibit tumor cell proliferation, stimulate autophagy, induce apoptosis, and specifically target ovarian cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are generally considered to be responsible for tumor recurrence in several types of cancer. Here we review current literature on the role of natural products in ovarian cancer chemoprevention, highlighting their effects particularly on the regulation of inflammation, autophagy, proliferation and apoptosis, chemotherapy resistance, and ovarian CSC growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pistollato
- Centre for Nutrition and Health, Universidad Europea Del Atlántico (UEA), Santander, Spain
| | | | - Roberto Ruiz
- Centre for Nutrition and Health, Universidad Europea Del Atlántico (UEA), Santander, Spain
| | - Silvia Aparicio
- Centre for Nutrition and Health, Universidad Europea Del Atlántico (UEA), Santander, Spain
| | - Jorge Crespo
- Centre for Nutrition and Health, Universidad Europea Del Atlántico (UEA), Santander, Spain
| | - Luis Dzul Lopez
- Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana (UNINI), Campeche, Mexico
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche Ed Odontostomatologiche, Sez. Biochimica, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Centre for Nutrition and Health, Universidad Europea Del Atlántico (UEA), Santander, Spain; Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche Ed Odontostomatologiche, Sez. Biochimica, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
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22
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Managit C, Sakurai H, Saiki I. Ethanolic extract of Thevetia peruviana flowers enhances TNF-α and TRAIL-induced apoptosis of human cervical cancer cells via intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:2791-2798. [PMID: 28454468 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) are promising candidates for cancer treatment due to their ability to induce apoptosis through death receptor stimulation. However, their usage may be limited due to the resistance of cancer cells to TNF-α- and TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Currently, there is interest in screening for natural products that can sensitize cancer cells to TNF-α- and TRAIL-induced apoptosis for their use in combination with TNF-α or TRAIL. It was previously reported that the bark extract of Thevetia peruviana showed a reversal effect on TRAIL-resistance in human gastric adenocarcinoma cell lines. In the present study, the effects of the ethanolic extract of T. peruviana flowers on TNF-α- and TRAIL-induced apoptosis of human cervical cancer HeLa cells were investigated in vitro by determining cell viability and apoptosis using a WST-1 cell proliferation assay and immunoblot analysis, respectively. The ethanolic extract of T. peruviana flowers promoted TNF-α and TRAIL-mediated cell death through the activation of the caspase cascade, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and BH3-interacting domain death agonist cleavage. Combined treatment using the extract plus TNF-α resulted in downregulation of anti-apoptotic protein, including myeloid cell leukemia sequence-1, B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-XL), X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein and survivin, while the combined treatment with TRAIL downregulated Bcl-XL. Thus, the ethanolic extract of T. peruviana flowers has potential in sensitizing the TNF-α- and TRAIL-induced apoptosis of HeLa cells via the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chittima Managit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhonnayok 26120, Thailand
| | - Hiroaki Sakurai
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Ikuo Saiki
- Division of Pathogenic Biochemistry, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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23
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Rong LW, Wang RX, Zheng XL, Feng XQ, Zhang L, Zhang L, Lin Y, Li ZP, Wang X. Combination of wogonin and sorafenib effectively kills human hepatocellular carcinoma cells through apoptosis potentiation and autophagy inhibition. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:5028-5034. [PMID: 28599504 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The small molecule multi-kinase inhibitor sorafenib has become the standard systemic treatment for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and renal cell carcinoma. Similar to other kinase inhibitors, drug resistance hinders its clinical use; thus, combination therapy to improve sorafenib sensitivity is a promising approach. The present study shows for the first time that the combination of sorafenib and wogonin exerts a significant potentiation of cytotoxicity in a number of human HCC cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. Enhanced cell death was due to potentiation of apoptosis, which was demonstrated by increased apoptotic cell populations, caspase activation and suppression of cell death by the pan-caspase inhibitor carbobenzoxy-valyl-alanyl-aspartyl. Sorafenib induced autophagy activation, which was shown by autophagic flux. Suppression of autophagy with the autophagy inhibitors chloroquine or 3-methyladenine significantly enhanced cytotoxicity, suggesting that sorafenib-induced autophagy is cytoprotective. Notably, wogonin effectively inhibited sorafenib-induced autophagy. Altogether, our results indicate that the combination of wogonin and sorafenib effectively kills human HCC cells. This occurs, at least in part, through autophagy inhibition, which potentiates apoptosis. Thus, wogonin could be an ideal candidate for increasing sorafenibs activity in HCC therapy, which warrants further investigation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Wen Rong
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.,Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Rui-Xue Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Lian Zheng
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xu-Qin Feng
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.,Department of Immunology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yong Lin
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Ping Li
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xia Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.,Department of Immunology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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Anti-tumor activity of wogonin, an extract from Scutellaria baicalensis, through regulating different signaling pathways. Chin J Nat Med 2017; 15:15-40. [PMID: 28259249 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(17)30005-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Wogonin is a plant flavonoid compound extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis (Huang-Qin or Chinese skullcap) and has been studied thoroughly by many researchers till date for its anti-viral, anti-oxidant, anti-cancerous and neuro-protective properties. Numerous experiments conducted in vitro and in vivo have demonstrated wogonin's excellent tumor inhibitory properties. The anti-cancer mechanism of wogonin has been ascribed to modulation of various cell signaling pathways, including serine-threonine kinase Akt (also known as protein kinase B) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways, p53-dependent/independent apoptosis, and inhibition of telomerase activity. Furthermore, wogonin also decreases DNA adduct formation with a carcinogenic compound 2-Aminofluorene and inhibits growth of drug resistant malignant cells and their migration and metastasis, without any side effects. Recently, newly synthesized wogonin derivatives have been developed with impressive anti-tumor activity. This review is the succinct appraisal of the pertinent articles on the mechanisms of anti-tumor properties of wogonin. We also summarize the potential of wogonin and its derivatives used alone or as an adjunct therapy for cancer treatment. Furthermore, pharmacokinetics and side effects of wogonin and its analogues have also been discussed.
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Chen F, Qin X, Xu G, Gou S, Jin X. Reversal of cisplatin resistance in human gastric cancer cells by a wogonin-conjugated Pt(IV) prodrug via attenuating Casein Kinase 2-mediated Nuclear Factor-κB pathways. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 135:50-68. [PMID: 28288821 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Pt(IV) prodrugs, with two additional coordination sites in contrast to Pt(II) drugs, have been actively studied nowadays, for they can perform well in enhancing the accumulation and retention of the corresponding Pt(II) drugs in cancer cells. Our designed Pt(II) drug, DN604, was recently found to exhibit significant anticancer activity and low toxicity, while, wogonin, a naturally O-methylated flavones, has been widely investigated for its tumor therapeutic potential. Thus, two Pt(IV)-based prodrugs were derived by addition of a wogonin unit to the axial position of DN604 and its analogue DN603 via a linker group. In vitro cytotoxicity assay indicated that the resulting compound 8 not only inherited the genotoxicity of DN604 on gastric cancer cells, but also obtained the COX inhibitory property arising from wogonin. Further studies revealed that compound 8 caused the accumulation of ROS production and decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). The CK2α kinase activity assay, ChIP and luciferase assays showed that CK2 plays an important role in the blockade of compound 8 on activated NF-κB survival pathways, which were established for sensitivity of cancer cells to platinum drugs. Similarly in vivo, in nude mice with SGC-7901/cDDP xenografts, compound 8 improved the effectiveness of DN604 via reversing tumor resistance and maintaining low toxicity. Overall, compound 8 is a promising Pt(IV) prodrug, which could be used to promote the anticancer activity of its counterpart Pt(II) species and reverse drug resistance via attenuating CK2-mediated NF-κB pathways during platinum-based chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feihong Chen
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Xiaodong Qin
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Shaohua Gou
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
| | - Xiufeng Jin
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
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Qin X, Xu G, Chen F, Fang L, Gou S. Novel platinum(IV) complexes conjugated with a wogonin derivative as multi-targeted anticancer agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:2507-2517. [PMID: 28314511 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Platinum-based complexes like cisplatin and oxaliplatin are well known the mainstay of chemotherapy regimens on clinic. Wogonin, a natural product that possesses wide biological activities, is now in phase I clinical test as an anticancer agent in China. Herein reported are a series of novel Pt(IV) complexes that conjugated a wogonin derivative (compound 3) to the axial position via a linker group. After being tethered to the platinum(IV) complexes, the wogonin derivative provided multiple anticancer effects, especially in compound 10, a fusion containing wogonin and cisplatin units. Compound 10 not only inherited the genotoxicity from cisplatin, but also obtained the COX inhibitory property from the wogonin derivative. Further mechanistic investigation revealed that compound 10 caused the accumulation of ROS, decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and then activated the p53 pathway. Overall, the research demonstrates that the "integrative" prodrug can be an effective strategy to promote the anticancer potency of Pt-based drugs for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Qin
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China; Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Feihong Chen
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China; Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Lei Fang
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China; Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
| | - Shaohua Gou
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China; Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
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DePaula-Silva AB, Hanak TJ, Libbey JE, Fujinami RS. Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus infection of SJL/J and C57BL/6J mice: Models for multiple sclerosis and epilepsy. J Neuroimmunol 2017; 308:30-42. [PMID: 28237622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Mouse models are great tools to study the mechanisms of disease development. Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus is used in two distinct viral infection mouse models to study the human diseases multiple sclerosis (MS) and epilepsy. Intracerebral (i.c.) infection of the SJL/J mouse strain results in persistent viral infection of the central nervous system and a MS-like disease, while i.c. infection of the C57BL/6J mouse strain results in acute seizures and epilepsy. Our understanding of how the immune system contributes to the development of two disparate diseases caused by the same virus is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Beatriz DePaula-Silva
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, 15 North Medical Drive East, 2600 EEJMRB, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Tyler J Hanak
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, 15 North Medical Drive East, 2600 EEJMRB, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jane E Libbey
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, 15 North Medical Drive East, 2600 EEJMRB, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Robert S Fujinami
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, 15 North Medical Drive East, 2600 EEJMRB, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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Abstract
Deadly diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer, remain the major health problems worldwide. Research in cardiovascular diseases and genome-wide association studies were successful in indentifying the gene loci associated with these threatening diseases. Yet, a substantial number of casual factors remain unexplained. Over the last decade, a better understanding of molecular and biochemical mechanisms of cardiac diseases led to developing a rationale for combining various protective agents, such as polyphenols, to target multiple signaling pathways. The present review article summarizes recent advances of the use of polyphenols against diseases, such as cardiac diseases.
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Dai X, Zhang J, Arfuso F, Chinnathambi A, Zayed ME, Alharbi SA, Kumar AP, Ahn KS, Sethi G. Targeting TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptor by natural products as a potential therapeutic approach for cancer therapy. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015; 240:760-73. [PMID: 25854879 DOI: 10.1177/1535370215579167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has been shown to selectively induce apoptotic cell death in various tumor cells by engaging its death-inducing receptors (TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2). This property has led to the development of a number of TRAIL-receptor agonists such as the soluble recombinant TRAIL and agonistic antibodies, which have shown promising anticancer activity in preclinical studies. However, besides activating caspase-dependent apoptosis in several cancer cells, TRAIL may also activate nonapoptotic signal transduction pathways such as nuclear factor-kappa B, mitogen-activated protein kinases, AKT, and signal transducers and activators of transcription 3, which may contribute to TRAIL resistance that is being now frequently encountered in various cancers. TRAIL resistance can be overcome by the application of efficient TRAIL-sensitizing pharmacological agents. Natural compounds have shown a great potential in sensitizing cells to TRAIL treatment through suppression of distinct survival pathways. In this review, we have summarized both apoptotic and nonapoptotic pathways activated by TRAIL, as well as recent advances in developing TRAIL-receptor agonists for cancer therapy. We also briefly discuss combination therapies that have shown great potential in overcoming TRAIL resistance in various tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Dai
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Frank Arfuso
- School of Biomedical Sciences, CHIRI Biosciences Research Precinct, Curtin University, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Arunachalam Chinnathambi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - M E Zayed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore School of Biomedical Sciences, CHIRI Biosciences Research Precinct, Curtin University, Western Australia 6009, Australia Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore 117599, Singapore Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore School of Biomedical Sciences, CHIRI Biosciences Research Precinct, Curtin University, Western Australia 6009, Australia Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Jing LL, Fan XF, Jia ZP, Fan PC, Ma HP. Convergent Synthesis of Moslosooflavone, Isowogonin and Norwogonin from Chrysin. Nat Prod Commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1501000303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A convergent synthesis route of moslooflavone, isowogonin and norwogoninis reported, starting from chrysin, an easily available flavone, by methylation, bromination, methoxylation and demethylation procedures. This synthetic route is convenient and can give the three rare flavones in good yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Lin Jing
- Department of Pharmacy, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Command of CPLA, Gansu, 710050, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Command of CPLA, Gansu, 710050, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Gansu, 710050, China
| | - Zheng-Ping Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Command of CPLA, Gansu, 710050, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Command of CPLA, Gansu, 710050, China
| | - Hui-Ping Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Command of CPLA, Gansu, 710050, China
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Zhang J, Park HS, Kim JA, Hong GE, Nagappan A, Park KI, Kim GS. Flavonoids identified from Korean Scutellaria baicalensis induce apoptosis by ROS generation and caspase activation on human fibrosarcoma cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2014; 42:465-83. [PMID: 24707875 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x14500311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The effects of flavonoids from Korean Scutellaria baicalensis on fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells and their underlying molecular mechanism were investigated in this study. Flavonoids affected HT1080 cell proliferation by interrupting cell cycle progress, obviously augmenting the proportion of sub-G1 and diminishing that of G1 phase, and undergoing apoptosis at the tested dosage (100-400 μg/mL). In addition, the mediated apoptosis was mainly caused by total reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and by up-regulating the ratio of Bax/Bcl-xL, triggering caspase cascades (caspase-3, -9 and -8), and inactivating PARP, dose-dependently. The proteomics results showed that AP-4, ARID 5B, HNRNP K, PLOG, Prdx6, and myosin-1, associated with cell growth, differentiation and development, and overexpressed in gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, etc., were statistically down-regulated after the flavonoids treatment. Taken together, our data demonstrated that flavonoids from Korean S. baicalensis induced apoptosis in HT1080 cells, which involved a hierarchy of cellular pathways and multiple signal proteins, and might be a potential anticancer therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China
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Lin LT, Wu SJ, Lin CC. The Anticancer Properties and Apoptosis-inducing Mechanisms of Cinnamaldehyde and the Herbal Prescription Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Tang ( Huáng Lián Jiě Dú Tang) in Human Hepatoma Cells. J Tradit Complement Med 2014; 3:227-33. [PMID: 24716182 PMCID: PMC3924998 DOI: 10.4103/2225-4110.119732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has long been one of the most important causes of cancer mortality in the world. Many natural products and traditional herbal medicines have been used to treat HCC in Asian countries such as Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and China. The present review aims to describe the anticancer properties and apoptotic mechanisms of cinnamaldehyde, the bioactive ingredient isolated from cinnamon trees, and the herbal prescription Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Tang (黃連解毒湯 Huáng Lián Jiě Dú Tang; HLJDT) against human hepatoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Implication of their treatment for the development of targeted therapy against HCC is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Tzung Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Jing Wu
- Department of Nutritional Health, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ching Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Polier G, Giaisi M, Köhler R, Müller WW, Lutz C, Buss EC, Krammer PH, Li-Weber M. Targeting CDK9 by wogonin and related natural flavones potentiates the anti-cancer efficacy of the Bcl-2 family inhibitor ABT-263. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:688-98. [PMID: 24895203 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tumor initiation, progression and resistance to therapies are tightly associated with over-expression of anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2, Bcl-x(L), Bcl-w and Mcl-1. ABT-263 (Navitoclax), an orally bio-available small-molecule mimetic of the Bcl-2 homology domain 3, inhibits Bcl-2, Bcl-x(L), and Bcl-w and has shown anti-cancer effects mainly on lymphomas and lymphocytic leukemia. Despite promising results obtained from the clinical trials, the use of ABT-263 in patients is dose-limited due to causing thrombocytopenia via inhibition of Bcl-x(L) in platelets. ABT-199 specifically inhibits Bcl-2; however, its use is limited to tumors over-expressing only Bcl-2. Besides, many tumors resist treatment due to high levels of Mcl-1 expression or develop resistance via up-regulation of Mcl-1 during long-term exposure. These obstacles highlight the demand to improve the ABT-263-based therapy. In this study, we show that anti-cancer flavones, e.g., wogonin, baicalein, apigenin, chrysin and luteolin enhance ABT-263-induced apoptosis in different cancer cell lines and in primary AML and ALL cells by down-regulation of Mcl-1 expression. Importantly, wogonin does not enhance the toxicity of ABT-263 to proliferating normal T cells and thrombocytes. Wogonin also potentiates the lethality of ABT-263 in cancer cells which have acquired resistance to ABT-263. Furthermore, we show that combination of wogonin with ABT-263 promotes in vivo tumor regression in a human T-cell leukemia xenograft mouse model. Our study demonstrates that wogonin (and related flavones) reduce the effective dose of ABT-263 thereby possibly decreasing the risk of adverse side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gernot Polier
- Tumorimmunology Program (D030), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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Abstract
Acute leukaemias are a group of malignancies characterised by the invasion of the bone marrow by immature haematopoietic precursors and differentiation arrest at various maturation steps. Multiplicity of intrinsic and extrinsic factors influences the transformation and progression of leukaemia. The intrinsic factors encompass genetic alterations of cellular pathways leading to the activation of, among others, inflammatory pathways (such as nuclear factor kappa B). The extrinsic components include, among others, the inflammatory pathways activated by the bone marrow microenvironment and include chemokines, cytokines and adhesion molecules. In this chapter, we review the role of inflammatory processes in the transformation, survival and proliferation of leukaemias, particularly the role of nuclear factor kappa B and its downstream signalling in leukaemias and the novel therapeutic strategies that exploit potentially unique properties of inflammatory signalling that offer interesting options for future therapeutic interventions.
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Suzuki-Karasaki M, Ochiai T, Suzuki-Karasaki Y. Crosstalk between mitochondrial ROS and depolarization in the potentiation of TRAIL-induced apoptosis in human tumor cells. Int J Oncol 2013; 44:616-28. [PMID: 24337174 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that membrane-depolarizing agents such as K+ and ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel inhibitors potentiate tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis‑inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis in human melanoma cells, but not in normal melanocytes. In this study, we investigated whether the tumor-selective effect of depolarization was observed among different tumor cell types and the mechanisms by which depolarization potentiates death pathways. We found that K+ and KATP channel inhibitors elicited similar apoptosis-potentiating effects in human tumor cells with different origins, including leukemia, melanoma and lung cancer cells. In contrast, minimal potentiation of apoptosis was observed in non-transformed lung cells. The potentiation was associated with increased mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum stress death pathways. Upregulation of surface TRAIL receptor-2 expression and modulation of the caspase-3 activation pathway seemed to play roles in the enhancement of death signaling. Moreover, the results showed that depolarization and mitochondria‑derived reactive oxygen species (mROS) mutually regulated one another. Depolarization potentiated TRAIL-induced mROS accumulation. Conversely, scavenging of mROS by the antioxidant MnTBaP reduced depolarization, whereas mROS accumulation caused by metabolic inhibitors potentiated the depolarization. These findings suggest a positive loop between depolarization and mROS accumulation. This may provide a rationale for the tumor-selective cytotoxicity and/or potentiation of TRAIL cytotoxicity of a wide variety of ROS-producing substances in different types of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Suzuki-Karasaki
- Department of Dermatology, Nihon University Surugadai Hospital, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Toyoko Ochiai
- Department of Dermatology, Nihon University Surugadai Hospital, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Suzuki-Karasaki
- Division of Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
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Wang T, Gao J, Yu J, Shen L. Synergistic inhibitory effect of wogonin and low-dose paclitaxel on gastric cancer cells and tumor xenografts. Chin J Cancer Res 2013; 25:505-13. [PMID: 24255573 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.1000-9604.2013.08.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the synergistic inhibitory effects of wogonin (WOG) and chemotherapeutic drugs on growth of gastric cancer cells and tumor xenografts. METHODS The IC50 values of WOG, cisplatin (CDDP) and paclitaxel (PTX) in four gastric cancer cell lines were determined by MTS assay. Hoechst staining and the median effect method of Chou-Talalay were used to assess the apoptosis of cells and the interaction of two drugs, respectively. BGC-823-derived xenografts in nude mice were established to investigate the effects of WOG combined with chemotherapeutic drugs in vivo. RESULTS WOG, CDDP and PTX inhibited the growth of BGC-823, MGC-803, MKN-45 and HGC-27 gastric cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. WOG combined with CDDP or PTX synergistically inhibited the growth of all gastric cancer cell lines in vitro. In BGC-823, MGC-803, HGC-27 and MKN-45 cell lines, synergisms between WOG and PTX were shown when the fraction affected (Fa) values were <0.45, <0.90, <0.85 and <0.60. While WOG and CDDP had a synergistic inhibitory effect when the Fa values were >0, >0, >0.65 and >0.10. From the results of in vivo experiments using tumor xenografts, WOG and low-dose PTX showed better efficacy than either drug alone. The inhibitory percentages of tumor weight were 61.58%, 20.29%, and 22.28% for the combination, WOG-alone, and low-dose PTX-alone groups, respectively. Notably, WOG combined with CDDP displayed very high toxicity. CONCLUSIONS A synergistic inhibitory effect on growth was observed when WOG was combined with low-dose PTX in gastric cancer cells and tumor xenografts. These findings provide evidence for the design of a clinical trial to test the combination of WOG with low-dose PTX in human gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
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Xu M, Lu N, Zhang H, Dai Q, Wei L, Li Z, You Q, Guo Q. Wogonin induced cytotoxicity in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells by activation of unfolded protein response and inactivation of AKT. Hepatol Res 2013; 43:890-905. [PMID: 23294370 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the potential anticancer effects of the natural flavonoid wogonin on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and tumor xenografts and the contribution of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and AKT pathways to the cytotoxicity of wogonin. METHODS The HCC cell lines HepG2, SMMC-7721 and Hep3B were treated with wogonin. 3-(4 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays were used to evaluate the cell viability. Flow cytometry assays were used to identify the cell death types and measure the concentrations of intracellular H2 O2 and Ca(2+) . Western blotting assays were used to detect the protein expression levels of members in the UPR and AKT pathways. Relative quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assays were used to analysis the mRNA expression levels of chop and trb3. Furthermore, the male BALB/c nude mice with SMMC-7721 xenografts were treated with wogonin. The tumor volume, tumor weight and bodyweight were monitored during the tumorigenicity assays. RESULTS Wogonin significantly inhibited the viability of HCC cells by inducing apoptosis and necrosis. This cytotoxicity was at least partially attributed to the activation of the UPR pathway and consequent inactivation of AKT signaling, which resulted from the production of intracellular H2 O2 and causal release of endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) . Moreover, wogonin evidently repressed the growth of xenografts but slightly influenced the bodyweight of mice. CONCLUSION Wogonin is a prospect for improving the systemic chemotherapy strategy on HCC by concurrently rectifying the aberrant UPR and AKT signaling pathways, which are crucial to the biology of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University
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Zhao L, Sha YY, Zhao Q, Yao J, Zhu BB, Lu ZJ, You QD, Guo QL. Enhanced 5-fluorouracil cytotoxicity in high COX-2 expressing hepatocellular carcinoma cells by wogonin via the PI3K/Akt pathway. Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 91:221-9. [DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2012-0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Combination therapies may increase the antitumor effects and reduce the adverse effects for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. In this study, we determined the effects of 5-fluorouracil alone or in combination with wogonin in vitro and in vivo, and we investigated the possible mechanisms. The combination of these 2 drugs led to a decrease in survival and a significant synergistic inhibitory effect on high COX-2 expression in SMMC-7721 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Furthermore, the results show that this combination inhibits COX-2 expression and increases sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents partly through regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Moreover, the combination treatment caused a significant growth inhibition of human tumor xenografts in vivo. In conclusion, wogonin may increase the cytotoxicity of some antineoplastic agents and it can be used in combination with these agents as a novel therapeutic regimen for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Ying Sha
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Qing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Jing Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Bin-Bin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Jian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Qi-Dong You
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Long Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
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Attia SM, Ahmad SF, Harisa GI, Mansour AM, El Sayed ESM, Bakheet SA. Wogonin attenuates etoposide-induced oxidative DNA damage and apoptosis via suppression of oxidative DNA stress and modulation of OGG1 expression. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 59:724-30. [PMID: 23872129 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Damage to DNA can lead to many different acute and chronic pathophysiological conditions, ranging from cancer to endothelial damage. The current study has been initiated to determine whether the flavonoid wogonin can attenuate etoposide-induced oxidative DNA damage and apoptosis in mouse bone marrow cells. We found that oral administration of wogonin before etoposide injection significantly attenuates etoposide-induced oxidative DNA damage and apoptosis in a dose dependent manner. Etoposide induced a significant down-regulation of mRNA expression of the OGG1 repair gene and marked biochemical alterations characteristic of oxidative DNA stress, including increased 8-OHdG, enhanced lipid peroxidation and reduction in reduced glutathione. Prior administration of wogonin ahead of etoposide challenge restored these altered parameters. Importantly, wogonin had no antagonizing effect on etoposide-induce topoisomerase-II inhibition. Conclusively, our study indicates that wogonin has a protective role in the abatement of etoposide-induced oxidative DNA damage and apoptosis in the bone marrow cells of mice via suppression of oxidative DNA stress and enhancing DNA repair through modulation of OGG1 repair gene expression. Therefore, wogonin can be a promising chemoprotective agent and might be useful to avert secondary leukemia and other drug-related cancers in cured cancer patients and medical personnel exposing to the potent carcinogen etoposide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabry M Attia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Salini S, Chubicka T, Sasidharan N, Sindhu ER, Babu TD. Cytotoxic and antioxidant properties of selected Scutellaria species from the Western Ghats of Peninsular India. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2013; 51:152-159. [PMID: 23127222 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2012.715170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Scutellaria (Lamiaceae), commonly known as 'Skullcaps', has been extensively used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Recently, much emphasis has been given to this genus due to the rich source of bioflavonoids that contribute to its biological properties. Therefore, different species of Scutellaria are being explored worldwide. OBJECTIVES Cytotoxic, antioxidant, and phytochemical properties of Scutellaria colebrookiana Benth and S. violacea (Heyne ex Benth) Don collected (October 2009-February 2010) from Western Ghats of India have been analysed. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro cytotoxicity and free radical scavenging effects of root extracts in various solvents were analysed. Spectrophotometric and HPLC methods were performed for phytochemical analysis. RESULTS Chloroform extract exhibited significant cytotoxicity in Dalton's Lymphoma Ascites (DLA) and Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) cells with IC(50) values 150 and 140 µg/mL for S. colebrookiana and 250 and 280 µg/mL for S. violacea, respectively. Moreover, the extract was effective in scavenging free radicals and inhibiting membrane peroxidation in vitro with IC(50) values 158.3 and 167.5 (superoxide), 17.5 and 28.0 (hydroxyl), 76.25 and 69.75 (DPPH), 24.5 and 28.0 (ABTS), 69.75 and 64.6 (lipid peroxidation), 41 and 31.5 µg/mL (erythrocyte hemolysis), respectively. Antioxidant effect observed with acetone extract was also comparable to that of chloroform extract. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of baicalein. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Scutellaria species of Western Ghats showed cytotoxic and antioxidant potential and the presence of baicalein. This suggests that S. colebrookiana and S. violacea could be used as alternative sources for baicalein in view of the reported scarcity of S. baicalensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Salini
- Department of Biochemistry, Amala Cancer Research Centre, Amala Nagar, Thrissur, Kerala, India
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Yang L, Wang Q, Li D, Zhou Y, Zheng X, Sun H, Yan J, Zhang L, Lin Y, Wang X. Wogonin enhances antitumor activity of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand in vivo through ROS-mediated downregulation of cFLIPL and IAP proteins. Apoptosis 2013; 18:618-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-013-0808-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Tochigi M, Inoue T, Suzuki-Karasaki M, Ochiai T, Ra C, Suzuki-Karasaki Y. Hydrogen peroxide induces cell death in human TRAIL-resistant melanoma through intracellular superoxide generation. Int J Oncol 2013; 42:863-72. [PMID: 23314732 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O2()) are thought to mediate apoptosis induced by death receptor ligands, including tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). However, the role of H(2)O(2) is controversial, since some evidence suggests that H(2)O(2) acts as an anti-apoptotic factor. Here, we show that exogenously applied H(2)O(2) (30-100 µM) induces cell death in TRAIL-resistant human melanoma cells via intracellular superoxide (O(2)-) generation. H(2)O(2) induced apoptotic or necrotic cell death, depending on the concentration of the oxidant applied; low concentrations of H(2)O(2) preferentially activated the caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway, while high concentrations of H(2)O(2) induced apoptotic and necrotic cell death in a caspase-independent manner. The H(2)O(2)-induced cell death was associated with increased mitochondrial membrane potential collapse and caspase-3/7 activation and ER stress responses including caspase-12 and X-box-binding protein-1 (XBP-1) activation. H(2)O(2) induced intracellular O2- generation even within the mitochondria, while TRAIL did not. The superoxide dismutase mimetic antioxidant MnTBaP [Mn (III) tetrakis (4-benzonic acid) porphyrin chloride] inhibited the H(2)O(2)-induced O(2)- generation, apoptosis and XBP-1 and caspase-12 activation at comparable concentrations. Importantly, H(2)O(2) treatment caused minimal O(2)- generation and apoptosis in normal primary melanocytes. These data show that H(2)O(2) induces endoplasmic reticulum-associated cell death via intracellular O(2)- generation and that malignant melanoma cells are more susceptible than normal cells to this oxidative cell death. The findings suggest that H(2)O(2) has therapeutic potential in the treatment of TRAIL-resistant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Tochigi
- Division of Molecular Cell Immunology and Allergology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Yang Y, Li XJ, Chen Z, Zhu XX, Wang J, Zhang LB, Qiang L, Ma YJ, Li ZY, Guo QL, You QD. Wogonin induced calreticulin/annexin A1 exposure dictates the immunogenicity of cancer cells in a PERK/AKT dependent manner. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50811. [PMID: 23251389 PMCID: PMC3520942 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to ionizing irradiation and certain chemotherapeutic agents, dying tumor cells elicit a potent anticancer immune response. However, the potential effect of wogonin (5,7-dihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone) on cancer immunogenicity has not been studied. Here we demonstrated for the first time that wogonin elicits a potent antitumor immunity effect by inducing the translocation of calreticulin (CRT) and Annexin A1 to cell plasma membrane as well as the release of high-mobility group protein 1 (HMGB1) and ATP. Signal pathways involved in this process were studied. We found that wogonin-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production causes an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, including the phosphorylation of PERK (PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase)/PKR (protein kinase R) and eIF2α (eukaryotic initiation factor 2α), which served as upstream signal for the activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT, inducing calreticulin (CRT)/Annexin A1 cell membrane translocation. P22/CHP, a Ca2+-binding protein, was associated with CRT and was required for CRT translocation to cell membrane. The releases of HMGB1 and ATP from wogonin treated MFC cells, alone or together with other possible factors, activated dendritic cells and induced cytokine releases. In vivo study confirmed that immunization with wogonin-pretreated tumor cells vaccination significantly inhibited homoplastic grafted gastric tumor growth in mice and a possible inflammatory response was involved. In conclusion, the activation of PI3K pathway elicited by ER stress induced CRT/Annexin A1 translocation (“eat me” signal) and HMGB1 release, mediating wogonin-induced immunity of tumor cell vaccine. This indicated that wogonin is a novel effective candidate of immunotherapy against gastric tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan-Xuan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Qiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Long Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (Q-LG); (Q-DY)
| | - Qi-Dong You
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (Q-LG); (Q-DY)
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Infiltrating macrophages are key to the development of seizures following virus infection. J Virol 2012; 87:1849-60. [PMID: 23236075 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02747-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infections of the central nervous system (CNS) can trigger an antiviral immune response, which initiates an inflammatory cascade to control viral replication and dissemination. The extent of the proinflammatory response in the CNS and the timing of the release of proinflammatory cytokines can lead to neuronal excitability. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), two proinflammatory cytokines, have been linked to the development of acute seizures in Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus-induced encephalitis. It is unclear the extent to which the infiltrating macrophages versus resident CNS cells, such as microglia, contribute to acute seizures, as both cell types produce TNF-α and IL-6. In this study, we show that following infection a significantly higher number of microglia produced TNF-α than did infiltrating macrophages. In contrast, infiltrating macrophages produced significantly more IL-6. Mice treated with minocycline or wogonin, both of which limit infiltration of immune cells into the CNS and their activation, had significantly fewer macrophages infiltrating the brain, and significantly fewer mice had seizures. Therefore, our studies implicate infiltrating macrophages as an important source of IL-6 that contributes to the development of acute seizures.
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PENG MX, ZHANG HW, CHEN BA. Main signal pathways underlying the molecular mechanisms of the antitumor effects of wogonin. Chin J Nat Med 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(12)60079-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Xia B, Zhou Q, Zheng Z, Ye L, Hu M, Liu Z. A novel local recycling mechanism that enhances enteric bioavailability of flavonoids and prolongs their residence time in the gut. Mol Pharm 2012; 9:3246-58. [PMID: 23033922 DOI: 10.1021/mp300315d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recycling in the gastrointestinal tract is important for endogenous substances such as bile acids and for xenobiotics such as flavonoids. Although both enterohepatic and enteric recycling mechanisms are well recognized, no one has discussed the third recycling mechanism for glucuronides: local recycling. The intestinal absorption and metabolism of wogonin and wogonoside (wogonin-7-glucuronide) was characterized by using a four-site perfused rat intestinal model, and hydrolysis of wogonoside was measured in various enzyme preparations. In the perfusion model, the wogonoside and wogonin were interconverted in all four perfused segments. Absorption of wogonoside and conversion to its aglycon at the upper small intestine was inhibited in the presence of a glucuronidase inhibitor (saccharolactone) but was not inhibited by lactase phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) inhibitor gluconolactone or antibiotics. Further investigation indicated that hydrolysis of wogonoside in the blank intestinal perfusate was not correlated with bacterial counts. Kinetic studies indicated that K(m) values from blank duodenal and jejunal perfusate were essentially identical to the K(m) values from intestinal S9 fraction but were much higher (>2-fold) than those from the microbial enzyme extract. Lastly, jejunal perfusate and S9 fraction share the same optimal pH, which was different from those of fecal extract. In conclusion, local recycling of wogonin and wogonoside is the first demonstrated example that this novel mechanism is functional in the upper small intestine without significant contribution from bacteria β-glucuronidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijun Xia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1838 N Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
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The role of Nrf2 and apoptotic signaling pathways in oroxylin A-mediated responses in HCT-116 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells and xenograft tumors. Anticancer Drugs 2012; 23:651-8. [PMID: 22526619 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e3283512703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Oroxylin A is a flavonoid found in the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, a herbal medicine commonly used as an antipyretic, analgesic, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory agent. It has recently been investigated for its anticancer activities in hepatoma, gastric, and breast tumors. Here, we investigated the antitumor effects of oroxylin A in human colon carcinoma HCT-116 cells in vitro and in vivo. We characterized the proapoptotic effect of oroxylin A using diamidino-phenyl-indole (DAPI) and annexin V/PI staining. We then found that both caspase-3 and caspase-9 were activated, the expression of Bcl-2 protein decreased, and the expression of Bax protein increased after treatment with oroxylin A. In addition, oroxylin A increased nuclear transcription factor erythroid-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression and induced Nrf2 translocation into the nucleus. Furthermore, we found that oroxylin A treatment elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and increased the protein expression level of two of the Nrf2 target genes heme oxygenase-1 and NADP(H):quinone oxidoreductase-1 in HCT-116 cells. Finally, our study demonstrated that oral administration of oroxylin A significantly decreased tumor volume and weight in immunodeficient mice that were inoculated with HCT-116 cells. The in-vivo chemopreventive efficacy of oroxylin A against HCT-116 human colon cancer was accompanied by its proapoptotic and Nrf2-inducing activities, which correlates with the in-vitro study. This is the first demonstration of oroxylin A-dependent chemoprevention in colon cancer and may offer a potential mechanism for its anticancer action in vivo.
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Yao J, Hu R, Sun J, Lin B, Zhao L, Sha Y, Zhu B, You QD, Yan T, Guo QL. Oroxylin A prevents inflammation-related tumor through down-regulation of inflammatory gene expression by inhibiting NF-κB signaling. Mol Carcinog 2012; 53:145-58. [PMID: 22949302 DOI: 10.1002/mc.21958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that inflammatory microenvironment plays a critical role at different stages of tumor development. However, the molecular mechanisms of the interaction between inflammation and proliferation of cancer cells remain poorly defined. Here we reported the inhibitory effects of oroxylin A on the inflammation-stimulated proliferation of tumor cells and delineated the mechanism of its action. The results indicated that treatment with oroxylin A inhibited NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation and phosphorylation of IκBα and IKKα/β in both human colon tumor HCT116 cells and human monocytes THP-1 cells. In addition, in THP-1 cells, oroxylin A significantly suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced secretion of prototypical proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 but not IL-1β, and it was confirmed at the transcription level. Moreover, oroxylin A inhibited the proliferation of HCT116 cells stimulated by LPS-induced THP-1 cells in co-culture microenvironment. In summary, oroxylin A modulated NF-κB signaling pathway involved in inflammation-induced cancer initiation and progression and therefore could be a potential cancer chemoprevention agent for inflammation-related cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of, China
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Sato D, Kondo S, Yazawa K, Mukudai Y, Li C, Kamatani T, Katsuta H, Yoshihama Y, Shirota T, Shintani S. The potential anticancer activity of extracts derived from the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis on human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. Mol Clin Oncol 2012; 1:105-111. [PMID: 24649131 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2012.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Various herb products derived from plants have potent biological effects including anticancer activity. In the present study, the antitumor activity of a herbal product derived from the Scutellaria baicalensis (S. baicalensis) was examined, using in vitro assays in a human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell line. Results showed that S. baicalensis root extract at the concentration of 100 μg/ml inhibited monolayer- and anchorage-independent growth in human OSCC cell lines, while not affecting the adhering abilities of cells. This suggested that it did not alter the expression of any of the adhesion receptors that mediate cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions. The S. baicalensis root extract demonstrated potent cytostatic and apoptotic effects due to the downregulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase 4 expression and its partner cyclin D1, resulting in G1 arrest and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage. Additionally, the S. baicalensis root extract was found to have blocked vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced migration and tube formation in human endothelial cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate that as a herbal product, the S. baicalensis root extract is a potential inhibitor of tumori- and angiogenesis and may be valuable in the development of pharmaceutical medications for the treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Sato
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Ota-ku, Tokyo 145-8515
| | - Seiji Kondo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Ota-ku, Tokyo 145-8515
| | - Kazunaga Yazawa
- Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods Science, Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Mukudai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Ota-ku, Tokyo 145-8515
| | - Chunnan Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Ota-ku, Tokyo 145-8515
| | - Takaaki Kamatani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Ota-ku, Tokyo 145-8515
| | - Hideyuki Katsuta
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Ota-ku, Tokyo 145-8515
| | - Yasuto Yoshihama
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Ota-ku, Tokyo 145-8515
| | - Tatsuo Shirota
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Ota-ku, Tokyo 145-8515
| | - Satoru Shintani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Ota-ku, Tokyo 145-8515
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