1
|
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hyeon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Severance Biomedical Science Institute and Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - In Ryeong Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Severance Biomedical Science Institute and Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Soo Seok Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Severance Biomedical Science Institute and Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Chronic Intractable Disease Systems Medicine Research Center, Institute of Genetic Science, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lee YJ, Ho SR, Graves JD, Xiao Y, Huang S, Lin WC. CGRRF1, a growth suppressor, regulates EGFR ubiquitination in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2019; 21:134. [PMID: 31801577 PMCID: PMC6894136 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-019-1212-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background CGRRF1 is a growth suppressor and consists of a transmembrane domain and a RING-finger domain. It functions as a RING domain E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation. The expression of CGRRF1 is decreased in cancer tissues; however, the role of CGRRF1 in breast cancer and the mechanism(s) of its growth suppressor function remain to be elucidated. Methods To investigate whether CGRRF1 inhibits the growth of breast cancer, we performed MTT assays and a xenograft experiment. Tumors harvested from mice were further analyzed by reverse phase protein array (RPPA) analysis to identify potential substrate(s) of CGRRF1. Co-immunoprecipitation assay was used to verify the interaction between CGRRF1 and its substrate, followed by in vivo ubiquitination assays. Western blot, subcellular fractionation, and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were performed to understand the mechanism of CGRRF1 action in breast cancer. Publicly available breast cancer datasets were analyzed to examine the association between CGRRF1 and breast cancer. Results We show that CGRRF1 inhibits the growth of breast cancer in vitro and in vivo, and the RING-finger domain is important for its growth-inhibitory activity. To elucidate the mechanism of CGRRF1, we identified EGFR as a new substrate of CGRRF1. CGRRF1 ubiquitinates EGFR through K48-linked ubiquitination, which leads to proteasome degradation. In addition to regulating the stability of EGFR, knockout of CGRRF1 enhances AKT phosphorylation after EGF stimulation. By analyzing the breast cancer database, we found that patients with low CGRRF1 expression have shorter survival. As compared to normal breast tissues, the mRNA levels of CGRRF1 are lower in breast carcinomas, especially in HER2-positive and basal-like breast cancers. We further noticed that CGRRF1 promoter methylation is increased in breast cancer as compared to that in normal breast tissue, suggesting that CGRRF1 is epigenetically modified in breast cancer. Treatment of 5-azactidine and panobinostat restored CGRRF1 expression, supporting that the promoter of CGRRF1 is epigenetically modified in breast cancer. Since 5-azactidine and panobinostat can increase CGRRF1 expression, they might be potential therapies for breast cancer treatment. Conclusion We demonstrated a tumor-suppressive function of CGRRF1 in breast cancer and identified EGFR as its target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ju Lee
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS: BCM187, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shiuh-Rong Ho
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS: BCM187, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Joshua D Graves
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS: BCM187, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yang Xiao
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS: BCM187, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shixia Huang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Weei-Chin Lin
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS: BCM187, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen QB, Li ZH, Fu Y, Lv NN, Tian N, Han L, Tian Y. Downregulated long non-coding RNA LINC00899 inhibits invasion and migration of spinal ependymoma cells via RBL2-dependent FoxO pathway. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:2566-2579. [PMID: 31432742 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1652046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study is aimed to clarify the potential role of lncRNA LINC00899 in invasion and migration of spinal ependymoma cells through the FoxO pathway via RBL2. Spinal ependymoma related chip data (GSE50161 and GSE66354) was initially downloaded and differentially expressed lncRNAs were screened out. Fifty-eight cases of spinal ependymoma and normal ependymal tissues were collected. The effects of LINC00899 and RBL2 on the spinal ependymoma cell migration and invasion were determined using the third generation spinal ependymoma cells and transfection with LINC00899 vector, siRNA-LINC00899 and siRNA-RBL2. The expression of LINC00899, pathway and cell proliferation- and apoptosis-related factors was determined. Finally, we also detected cell proliferation, migration, invasion, cycle and apoptosis after transfection. Our results showed that LINC00899 was up-regulated in spinal ependymoma and RBL2 was confirmed as a target gene of LINC00899 and found to be involved in regulation of FoxO pathway. LINC00899 expression increased in spinal ependymoma tissues whereas RBL2 expression decreased. Moreover, we found that siRNA-LINC00899 could elevate RBL2, p21, p27 and Bax levels, decrease FoxO, Bcl-2, Vimentin, Annexin levels, reduced cell proliferation, migration and invasion and enhanced apoptosis. Taken together, our study suggests that down-regulated LINC00899 exerts anti-oncogenic effects on spinal ependymoma via RBL2-dependent FoxO, which provides a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of spinal ependymomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qun-Bang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , P.R. China
| | - Zhao-Hui Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , P.R. China
| | - Yao Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , P.R. China
| | - Ning-Ning Lv
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , P.R. China
| | - Nan Tian
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University , Hangzhou , P.R. China
| | - Liang Han
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , P.R. China
| | - Yu Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yuniati L, Scheijen B, van der Meer LT, van Leeuwen FN. Tumor suppressors BTG1 and BTG2: Beyond growth control. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:5379-5389. [PMID: 30350856 PMCID: PMC6587536 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Since the identification of B‐cell translocation gene 1 (BTG1) and BTG2 as antiproliferation genes more than two decades ago, their protein products have been implicated in a variety of cellular processes including cell division, DNA repair, transcriptional regulation and messenger RNA stability. In addition to affecting differentiation during development and in the adult, BTG proteins play an important role in maintaining homeostasis under conditions of cellular stress. Genomic profiling of B‐cell leukemia and lymphoma has put BTG1 and BTG2 in the spotlight, since both genes are frequently deleted or mutated in these malignancies, pointing towards a role as tumor suppressors. Moreover, in solid tumors, reduced expression of BTG1 or BTG2 is often correlated with malignant cell behavior and poor treatment outcome. Recent studies have uncovered novel roles for BTG1 and BTG2 in genotoxic and integrated stress responses, as well as during hematopoiesis. This review summarizes what is currently known about the roles of BTG1 and BTG2 in these and other cellular processes. In addition, we will highlight the molecular mechanisms and biological consequences of BTG1 and BTG2 deregulation during cancer progression and elaborate on the potential clinical implications of these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurensia Yuniati
- Laboratory of Pediatric Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Science, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Hubrecht Institute-KNAW, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Blanca Scheijen
- Laboratory of Pediatric Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Science, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Laurens T van der Meer
- Laboratory of Pediatric Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Science, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank N van Leeuwen
- Laboratory of Pediatric Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Science, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xia CQ, Han K, Qi Y, Zhang Y, Yu DJ. A Self-Training Subspace Clustering Algorithm under Low-Rank Representation for Cancer Classification on Gene Expression Data. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2018; 15:1315-1324. [PMID: 28600258 PMCID: PMC5986621 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2017.2712607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Accurate identification of the cancer types is essential to cancer diagnoses and treatments. Since cancer tissue and normal tissue have different gene expression, gene expression data can be used as an efficient feature source for cancer classification. However, accurate cancer classification directly using original gene expression profiles remains challenging due to the intrinsic high-dimension feature and the small size of the data samples. We proposed a new self-training subspace clustering algorithm under low-rank representation, called SSC-LRR, for cancer classification on gene expression data. Low-rank representation (LRR) is first applied to extract discriminative features from the high-dimensional gene expression data; the self-training subspace clustering (SSC) method is then used to generate the cancer classification predictions. The SSC-LRR was tested on two separate benchmark datasets in control with four state-of-the-art classification methods. It generated cancer classification predictions with an overall accuracy 89.7 percent and a general correlation 0.920, which are 18.9 and 24.4 percent higher than that of the best control method respectively. In addition, several genes (RNF114, HLA-DRB5, USP9Y, and PTPN20) were identified by SSC-LRR as new cancer identifiers that deserve further clinical investigation. Overall, the study demonstrated a new sensitive avenue to recognize cancer classifications from large-scale gene expression data.
Collapse
|
6
|
Piccaluga PP, Navari M, De Falco G, Ambrosio MR, Lazzi S, Fuligni F, Bellan C, Rossi M, Sapienza MR, Laginestra MA, Etebari M, Rogena EA, Tumwine L, Tripodo C, Gibellini D, Consiglio J, Croce CM, Pileri SA, Leoncini L. Virus-encoded microRNA contributes to the molecular profile of EBV-positive Burkitt lymphomas. Oncotarget 2016; 7:224-40. [PMID: 26325594 PMCID: PMC4807994 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is an aggressive neoplasm characterized by consistent morphology and phenotype, typical clinical behavior and distinctive molecular profile. The latter is mostly driven by the MYC over-expression associated with the characteristic translocation (8;14) (q24; q32) or with variant lesions. Additional genetic events can contribute to Burkitt Lymphoma pathobiology and retain clinical significance. A pathogenetic role for Epstein-Barr virus infection in Burkitt lymphomagenesis has been suggested; however, the exact function of the virus is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the molecular profiles (genes and microRNAs) of Epstein-Barr virus-positive and -negative BL, to identify specific patterns relying on the differential expression and role of Epstein-Barr virus-encoded microRNAs. First, we found significant differences in the expression of viral microRNAs and in selected target genes. Among others, we identified LIN28B, CGNL1, GCET2, MRAS, PLCD4, SEL1L, SXX1, and the tyrosine kinases encoding STK10/STK33, all provided with potential pathogenetic significance. GCET2, also validated by immunohistochemistry, appeared to be a useful marker for distinguishing EBV-positive and EBV-negative cases. Further, we provided solid evidences that the EBV-encoded microRNAs (e.g. BART6) significantly mold the transcriptional landscape of Burkitt Lymphoma clones. In conclusion, our data indicated significant differences in the transcriptional profiles of EBV-positive and EBV-negative BL and highlight the role of virus encoded miRNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pier Paolo Piccaluga
- Hematopathology Section, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Experimental Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna University School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mohsen Navari
- Hematopathology Section, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Experimental Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna University School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giulia De Falco
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Stefano Lazzi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Fabio Fuligni
- Hematopathology Section, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Experimental Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna University School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristiana Bellan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Maura Rossi
- Hematopathology Section, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Experimental Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna University School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Sapienza
- Hematopathology Section, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Experimental Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna University School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Antonella Laginestra
- Hematopathology Section, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Experimental Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna University School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maryam Etebari
- Hematopathology Section, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Experimental Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna University School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - Emily A Rogena
- Department of Pathology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Claudio Tripodo
- Tumour Immunology Unit, Department of Health Science, Human Pathology Section, Palermo University School of Medicine, Palermo, Italy
| | - Davide Gibellini
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostic, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Jessica Consiglio
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Carlo M Croce
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Stefano A Pileri
- Diagnostic Hematopathology Unit, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Leoncini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Moukhadder HM, Chaya BF, Bazarbachi AHA, Taher AT. Immune thrombocytopenia: a comprehensive review from pathophysiology to promising treatment modalities. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2016.1247691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
8
|
Rochford R. Epstein-Barr virus infection of infants: implications of early age of infection on viral control and risk for Burkitt lymphoma. BOLETIN MEDICO DEL HOSPITAL INFANTIL DE MEXICO 2016; 73:41-46. [PMID: 29421232 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmhimx.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its first description by Denis Burkitt, endemic Burkitt's lymphoma (BL), the most common childhood cancer in sub-Saharan Africa, has led scientists to search for clues to the origins of this malignancy. The discovery of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in BL cells over 50 years ago led to extensive sero-epidemiology studies and revealed that rather than being a virus restricted to areas where BL is endemic, EBV is ubiquitous in the world's population with an estimated greater than 90% of adults worldwide infected. A second pathogen, Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) malaria is also linked to BL. In this review, we will discuss recent studies that indicate a role for P. falciparum malaria in dysregulating EBV infection, and increasing the risk for BL in children living where P. falciparum malaria transmission is high.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary Rochford
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ullah F, Khan T, Ali N, Malik FA, Kayani MA, Shah STA, Saeed M. Promoter Methylation Status Modulate the Expression of Tumor Suppressor (RbL2/p130) Gene in Breast Cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134687. [PMID: 26271034 PMCID: PMC4536218 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aberrant expression of tumor suppressor genes may correspond to the abnormal cell development and tumorigenesis. Rbl2/p130, a member of retinoblastoma family of proteins, has growth suppressive properties. Numerous studies reported de-regulation of Rbl2/p130 in various types of cancer as a consequence of a number of genetic alterations. However, role of epigenetic mechanisms like DNA methylation in Rbl2/p130 expression remains elusive. Methods In the current study, 76 breast cancer tumors along with normal tissues (n = 76), blood (n = 76) of respective individuals and control blood (n = 50) were analyzed. Rbl2/p130 expression was analyzed by quantitative real time PCR (syber green method). Promoter methylation status was studied through methylation specific PCR of bisulfite converted genomic DNA. Data was analyzed using various statistical tests. Results We report significantly reduced Rbl2/p130 expression (P = 0.001) in tumors tissues as compared to control samples. Similarly, Rbl2/p130 expression varies with age and disease stages (P = 0.022), which suggest its involvement in tumor progression. Aberrant promoter methylation (Δmeth) was found in almost all the diseased samples and that was significantly different (P<0.001) with control samples. Similarly, methylation status varies significantly with tumor progression stages (P = 0.022). Hyper-methylation was observed at -1, +3, +15 and +75 of Rbl2/p130 promoter flanking around the TSS. Statistical analysis revealed that Rbl2/p130 expression negatively correlates to its promoter methylation (r = -0.412) in tumor tissues. Our results reflect an epigenetic regulation of Rbl2/p130 expression in breast cancer. This highlights the importance of Rbl2/p130 promoter methylation in breast cancer pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farman Ullah
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Taimoor Khan
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nawab Ali
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Faraz Arshad Malik
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mahmood Akhtar Kayani
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Tahir Abbas Shah
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saeed
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Islamabad, Pakistan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Luzzi A, Morettini F, Gazaneo S, Mundo L, Onnis A, Mannucci S, Rogena EA, Bellan C, Leoncini L, De Falco G. HIV-1 Tat induces DNMT over-expression through microRNA dysregulation in HIV-related non Hodgkin lymphomas. Infect Agent Cancer 2014; 9:41. [PMID: 25705251 PMCID: PMC4334912 DOI: 10.1186/1750-9378-9-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A close association between HIV infection and the development of cancer exists. Although the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy has changed the epidemiology of AIDS-associated malignancies, a better understanding on how HIV can induce malignant transformation will help the development of novel therapeutic agents. METHODS HIV has been reported to induce the expression of DNMT1 in vitro, but still no information is available about the mechanisms regulating DNMT expression in HIV-related B-cell lymphomas. In this paper, we investigated the expression of DNMT family members (DNMT1, DNMT3a/b) in primary cases of aggressive B-cell lymphomas of HIV-positive subjects. RESULTS Our results confirmed the activation of DNMT1 by HIV in vivo, and reported for the first time a marked up-regulation of DNMT3a and DNMT3b in HIV-positive aggressive B-cell lymphomas. DNMT up-regulation in HIV-positive tumors correlated with down-regulation of specific microRNAs, as the miR29 family, the miR148-152 cluster, known to regulate their expression. Literature reports the activation of DNMTs by the human polyomavirus BKV large T-antigen and adenovirus E1a, through the pRb/E2F pathway. We have previously demonstrated that the HIV Tat protein is able to bind to the pocket proteins and to inactivate their oncosuppressive properties, resulting in uncontrolled cell proliferation. Therefore, we focused on the role of Tat, due to its capability to be released from infected cells and to dysregulate uninfected ones, using an in vitro model in which Tat was ectopically expressed in B-cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated that the ectopic expression of Tat was per se sufficient to determine DNMT up-regulation, based on microRNA down-regulation, and that this results in aberrant hypermethylation of target genes and microRNAs. These results point at a direct role for Tat in participating in uninfected B-cell lymphomagenesis, through dysregulation of the epigenetical control of gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Luzzi
- />Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Federica Morettini
- />Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Sara Gazaneo
- />Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Lucia Mundo
- />Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Anna Onnis
- />Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Susanna Mannucci
- />Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Emily A Rogena
- />Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- />Department of Pathology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Cristiana Bellan
- />Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Leoncini
- />Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giulia De Falco
- />Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- />School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Perez-Chacon G, de los Rios C, Zapata JM. Indole-3-carbinol induces cMYC and IAP-family downmodulation and promotes apoptosis of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-positive but not of EBV-negative Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines. Pharmacol Res 2014; 89:46-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
12
|
Szedlak A, Paternostro G, Piermarocchi C. Control of asymmetric Hopfield networks and application to cancer attractors. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105842. [PMID: 25170874 PMCID: PMC4149479 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The asymmetric Hopfield model is used to simulate signaling dynamics in gene regulatory networks. The model allows for a direct mapping of a gene expression pattern into attractor states. We analyze different control strategies aimed at disrupting attractor patterns using selective local fields representing therapeutic interventions. The control strategies are based on the identification of signaling bottlenecks, which are single nodes or strongly connected clusters of nodes that have a large impact on the signaling. We provide a theorem with bounds on the minimum number of nodes that guarantee control of bottlenecks consisting of strongly connected components. The control strategies are applied to the identification of sets of proteins that, when inhibited, selectively disrupt the signaling of cancer cells while preserving the signaling of normal cells. We use an experimentally validated non-specific and an algorithmically-assembled specific B cell gene regulatory network reconstructed from gene expression data to model cancer signaling in lung and B cells, respectively. Among the potential targets identified here are TP53, FOXM1, BCL6 and SRC. This model could help in the rational design of novel robust therapeutic interventions based on our increasing knowledge of complex gene signaling networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Szedlak
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Giovanni Paternostro
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Salgomed Inc., Del Mar, California, United States of America
| | - Carlo Piermarocchi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- Salgomed Inc., Del Mar, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang Q, Schmandt R, Celestino J, McCampbell A, Yates MS, Urbauer DL, Broaddus RR, Loose DS, Shipley GL, Lu KH. CGRRF1 as a novel biomarker of tissue response to metformin in the context of obesity. Gynecol Oncol 2014; 133:83-9. [PMID: 24680596 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity-associated hyperestrogenism and hyperinsulinemia contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of endometrial cancer. We recently demonstrated that metformin, a drug long used for treatment of type 2 diabetes, attenuates both insulin- and estrogen-mediated proliferative signaling in the obese rat endometrium. In this study, we sought to identify tissue biomarkers that may prove clinically useful to predict tissue response for both prevention and therapeutic studies. We identified CGRRF1 (cell growth regulator with ring finger domain 1) as a novel metformin-responsive gene and characterized its possible role in endometrial cancer prevention. METHODS CGRRF1 mRNA expression was evaluated by RT-qPCR in the endometrium of obese and lean rats, and also in normal and malignant human endometrium. CGRRF1 levels were genetically manipulated in endometrial cancer cells, and its effects on proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated by MTT and Western blot. RESULTS CGRRF1 is significantly induced by metformin treatment in the obese rat endometrium. In vitro studies demonstrate that overexpression of CGRRF1 inhibits endometrial cancer cell proliferation. Analysis of human endometrial tumors reveals that CGRRF1 expression is significantly lower in hyperplasia, Grade 1, Grade 2, Grade 3, MMMT, and UPSC endometrial tumors compared to normal human endometrium (p<0.05), suggesting that loss of CGRRF1 is associated with the presence of disease. CONCLUSION CGRRF1 represents a novel, reproducible tissue marker of metformin response in the obese endometrium. Furthermore, our preliminary data suggests that up-regulation of CGRRF1 expression may prove clinically useful in the prevention or treatment of endometrial cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rosemarie Schmandt
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joseph Celestino
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Adrienne McCampbell
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Melinda S Yates
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Diana L Urbauer
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Russell R Broaddus
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David S Loose
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gregory L Shipley
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Karen H Lu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Di Fiore R, D'Anneo A, Tesoriere G, Vento R. RB1 in cancer: different mechanisms of RB1 inactivation and alterations of pRb pathway in tumorigenesis. J Cell Physiol 2013; 228:1676-87. [PMID: 23359405 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Loss of RB1 gene is considered either a causal or an accelerating event in retinoblastoma. A variety of mechanisms inactivates RB1 gene, including intragenic mutations, loss of expression by methylation and chromosomal deletions, with effects which are species-and cell type-specific. RB1 deletion can even lead to aneuploidy thus greatly increasing cancer risk. The RB1gene is part of a larger gene family that includes RBL1 and RBL2, each of the three encoding structurally related proteins indicated as pRb, p107, and p130, respectively. The great interest in these genes and proteins springs from their ability to slow down neoplastic growth. pRb can associate with various proteins by which it can regulate a great number of cellular activities. In particular, its association with the E2F transcription factor family allows the control of the main pRb functions, while the loss of these interactions greatly enhances cancer development. As RB1 gene, also pRb can be functionally inactivated through disparate mechanisms which are often tissue specific and dependent on the scenario of the involved tumor suppressors and oncogenes. The critical role of the context is complicated by the different functions played by the RB proteins and the E2F family members. In this review, we want to emphasize the importance of the mechanisms of RB1/pRb inactivation in inducing cancer cell development. The review is divided in three chapters describing in succession the mechanisms of RB1 inactivation in cancer cells, the alterations of pRb pathway in tumorigenesis and the RB protein and E2F family in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Di Fiore
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Polyclinic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mangani D, Roberti A, Rizzolio F, Giordano A. Emerging molecular networks in Burkitt's lymphoma. J Cell Biochem 2012; 114:35-8. [PMID: 22903691 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Mangani
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lee J, Sung CO, Lee EJ, Do IG, Kim HC, Yoon SH, Lee WY, Chun HK, Kim KM, Park YS. Metastasis of neuroendocrine tumors are characterized by increased cell proliferation and reduced expression of the ATM gene. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34456. [PMID: 22485171 PMCID: PMC3317775 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) are rare group of tumors with a wide spectrum of clinical behavior. However, there are no known clinically relevant biomarkers to predict metastasis. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN To investigate differential gene expression signatures of metastatic vs non-metastatic NETs, we studied cell cycle regulatory genes in 19 metastatic and 22 non-metastatic colorectal NETs by PCR arrays. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and quantitative real-time RT-PCR were performed to verify the results and another set of 38 GEP-NETs were further studied for validation. RESULTS We first delineated six candidate genes for metastasis including ATM, CCND2, RBL2, CDKN3, CCNB1, and GTSE1. ATM was negatively correlated with metastatic NETs (p<0.001) with more than 2-fold change compared to non-metastatic NETs. Overexpression of ATM protein by IHC was strongly correlated with high ATM mRNA levels and low Ki-67 labeling index. Patients with ATM-negativity by IHC showed significantly decreased overall survival than patients with ATM-positivity (median OS, metastatic vs non-metastatic NETs; 2.7 years vs not reached; p = 0.003) and 85.7% of metastatic NETs were ATM-negative. In another validation set of GEP-NETs, decreased mRNA of ATM gene was associated with metastasis and remained significant (p = 0.023). CONCLUSIONS ATM down-regulation was strongly associated with metastatic NETs when compared with non-metastatic NETs and ATM may be a potential predictive marker for metastasis as well as a novel target in metastatic GEP-NETs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeeyun Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Departments of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Ohk Sung
- Pathology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eui J. Lee
- Research Institute, Incheon St. Mary Hospital, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Gu Do
- Samsung Cancer Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Cheol Kim
- Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Hyeon Yoon
- Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Yong Lee
- Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Kyung Chun
- Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Mee Kim
- Pathology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Suk Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Departments of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Naresh KN, Raphael M, Ayers L, Hurwitz N, Calbi V, Rogena E, Sayed S, Sherman O, Ibrahim HAH, Lazzi S, Mourmouras V, Rince P, Githanga J, Byakika B, Moshi E, Durosinmi M, Olasode BJ, Oluwasola OA, Akang EE, Akenòva Y, Adde M, Magrath I, Leoncini L. Lymphomas in sub-Saharan Africa--what can we learn and how can we help in improving diagnosis, managing patients and fostering translational research? Br J Haematol 2011; 154:696-703. [PMID: 21707579 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2011.08772.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 30 000 cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) occur in the equatorial belt of Africa each year. Apart from the fact that Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is very common among children and adolescents in Africa and that an epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is currently ongoing in this part of the world, very little is known about lymphomas in Africa. This review provides information regarding the current infrastructure for diagnostics in sub-Saharan Africa. The results on the diagnostic accuracy and on the distribution of different lymphoma subsets in sub-Saharan Africa were based on a review undertaken by a team of lymphoma experts on 159 fine needle aspirate samples and 467 histological samples during their visit to selected sub-Saharan African centres is presented. Among children (<18 years of age), BL accounted for 82% of all NHL, and among adults, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma accounted for 55% of all NHLs. Among adults, various lymphomas other than BL, including T-cell lymphomas, were encountered. The review also discusses the current strategies of the International Network of Cancer Treatment and Research on improving the diagnostic standards and management of lymphoma patients and in acquiring reliable clinical and pathology data in sub-Saharan Africa for fostering high-quality translational research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kikkeri N Naresh
- Hammersmith Hospital & Imperial College, London, UKUniv Paris-Sud, Paris, FranceThe Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USAUniversity of Basel, Basel, SwitzerlandSaint Mary Hospital, Lacor, Gulu, UgandaUniversity of NairobiAga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, KenyaMansoura University, Mansoura, EgyptUniversity of Siena, Siena, ItalyNairobi Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya; Nairobi, KenyaMuhimbili National Hospital, Dares salaam, TanzaniaObafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, NigeriaU.C.H, Ibadan, NigeriaINCTR, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gene expression analysis uncovers similarity and differences among Burkitt lymphoma subtypes. Blood 2011; 117:3596-608. [PMID: 21245480 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-08-301556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is classified into 3 clinical subsets: endemic, sporadic, and immunodeficiency-associated BL. So far, possible differences in their gene expression profiles (GEPs) have not been investigated. We studied GEPs of BL subtypes, other B-cell lymphomas, and B lymphocytes; first, we found that BL is a unique molecular entity, distinct from other B-cell malignancies. Indeed, by unsupervised analysis all BLs clearly clustered apart of other lymphomas. Second, we found that BL subtypes presented slight differences in GEPs. Particularly, they differed for genes involved in cell cycle control, B-cell receptor signaling, and tumor necrosis factor/nuclear factor κB pathways. Notably, by reverse engineering, we found that endemic and sporadic BLs diverged for genes dependent on RBL2 activity. Furthermore, we found that all BLs were intimately related to germinal center cells, differing from them for molecules involved in cell proliferation, immune response, and signal transduction. Finally, to validate GEP, we applied immunohistochemistry to a large panel of cases and showed that RBL2 can cooperate with MYC in inducing a neoplastic phenotype in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, our study provided substantial insights on the pathobiology of BLs, by offering novel evidences that may be relevant for its classification and possibly future treatment.
Collapse
|
19
|
de Jong D, Balagué Ponz O. The molecular background of aggressive B cell lymphomas as a basis for targeted therapy. J Pathol 2010; 223:274-82. [PMID: 21125680 DOI: 10.1002/path.2807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Revised: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to classifications for the majority of solid tumours, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas have been defined on the basis of their genetic alterations for many years, providing a biologically highly relevant classification. However, for aggressive B cell lymphomas, which unfortunately is the most prevalent group of lymphomas in adults, the stratification is less optimal. Gene expression profiling, analyses of chromosomal alterations and functional assays have been instrumental in dissecting these tumours to support the distinction of essentially different diseases, such as diffuse large B cell lymphoma and Burkitt's lymphoma, and now start to identify the dominant driving oncogenetic pathways that may serve as rational therapeutic targets in this essentially heterogeneous group. In this review, the molecular background and the consequences of the molecular alterations in the context of the consequences for treatment in aggressive B cell lymphoma are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daphne de Jong
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Onnis A, De Falco G, Antonicelli G, Onorati M, Bellan C, Sherman O, Sayed S, Leoncini L. Alteration of microRNAs regulated by c-Myc in Burkitt lymphoma. PLoS One 2010; 5. [PMID: 20930934 PMCID: PMC2945769 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Accepted: 08/27/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is an aggressive B-cell lymphoma, with a characteristic clinical presentation, morphology and immunophenotype. Over the past years, the typical translocation t(8;14) and its variants have been considered the molecular hallmark of this tumor. However, BL cases with no detectable MYC rearrangement have been identified. Intriguingly, these cases express MYC at levels comparable with cases carrying the translocation. In normal cells c-Myc expression is tightly regulated through a complex feedback loop mechanism. In cancer, MYC is often dysregulated, commonly due to genomic abnormalities. It has recently emerged that this phenomenon may rely on an alteration of post-transcriptional regulation mediated by microRNAs (miRNAs), whose functional alterations are associated with neoplastic transformation. It is also emerging that c-Myc modulates miRNA expression, revealing an intriguing crosstalk between c-Myc and miRNAs. Principal Findings Here, we investigated the expression of miRNAs possibly regulated by c-Myc in BL cases positive or negative for the translocation. A common trend of miRNA expression, with the exception of hsa-miR-9*, was observed in all of the cases. Intriguingly, down-regulation of this miRNA seems to specifically identify a particular subset of BL cases, lacking MYC translocation. Here, we provided evidence that hsa-miR-9-1 gene is heavily methylated in those cases. Finally, we showed that hsa-miR-9* is able to modulate E2F1 and c-Myc expression. Conclusions Particularly, this study identifies hsa-miR-9* as potentially relevant for malignant transformation in BL cases with no detectable MYC translocation. Deregulation of hsa-miR-9* may therefore be useful as a diagnostic tool, suggesting it as a promising novel candidate for tumor cell marker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Onnis
- Department of Human Pathology and Oncology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giulia De Falco
- Department of Human Pathology and Oncology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Monica Onorati
- Department of Human Pathology and Oncology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Cristiana Bellan
- Department of Human Pathology and Oncology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | | | - Lorenzo Leoncini
- Department of Human Pathology and Oncology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Leucci E, Onnis A, Cocco M, De Falco G, Imperatore F, Giuseppina A, Costanzo V, Cerino G, Mannucci S, Cantisani R, Nyagol J, Mwanda W, Iriso R, Owang M, Schurfeld K, Bellan C, Lazzi S, Leoncini L. B-cell differentiation in EBV-positive Burkitt lymphoma is impaired at posttranscriptional level by miRNA-altered expression. Int J Cancer 2010; 126:1316-26. [PMID: 19530237 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Endemic, sporadic and HIV-associated Burkitt lymphoma (BL) all have a B-cell phenotype and a MYC translocation, but a variable association with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). However, there is still no satisfactory explanation of how EBV participates in the pathogenesis of BL. A recent investigation suggested that EBV-positive and EBV-negative BL have different cells of origin. In particular, according to immunoglobulin gene mutation analysis, EBV-negative BLs may originate from early centroblasts, whereas EBV-positive BLs seem to arise from postgerminal center B cells or memory B cells. The appearance of a germinal center phenotype in EBV-positive cells might thus derive from a block in B-cell differentiation. The exit from the germinal center involves a complex series of events, which require the activation of BLIMP-1, and the consequent downregulation of several target genes. Here, we investigated the expression of specific miRNAs predicted to be involved in B-cell differentiation and found that hsa-miR-127 is differentially expressed between EBV-positive and EBV-negative BLs. In particular, it was strongly upregulated only in EBV-positive BL samples, whereas EBV-negative cases showed levels of expression similar to normal controls, including microdissected germinal centers (GC) cells. In addition, we found evidence that hsa-miR-127 is involved in B-cell differentiation process through posttranscriptional regulation of BLIMP1 and XBP1. The overexpression of this miRNA may thus represent a key event in the lymphomagenesis of EBV positive BL, by blocking the B-cell differentiation process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Leucci
- Department of Human Pathology and Oncology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Diffuse aggressive B-cell lymphomas comprise a relatively common and increasingly diverse group of neoplasms. Newer modalities including gene expression profiling and an increasing panel of immunohistochemical markers have contributed to greater accuracy in defining these entities. Attention is paid not only to the neoplastic cells but also to the cellular and stromal milieu in which they proliferate. These distinctions may have therapeutic implications as well, with improved outcome related to newer and sometimes targeted therapies. At the same time there is increasing understanding of the overlap, which occurs in the grey zone between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and Burkitt lymphoma as well as between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma. This review aims to provide practical insights in the correct identification and differential diagnosis of these lymphomas, with emphasis on the changes that have occurred with the publication of the 2008 World Health Organization updated classification.
Collapse
|
23
|
Leucci E, Cocco M, Onnis A, De Falco G, van Cleef P, Bellan C, van Rijk A, Nyagol J, Byakika B, Lazzi S, Tosi P, van Krieken H, Leoncini L. MYC translocation-negative classical Burkitt lymphoma cases: an alternative pathogenetic mechanism involving miRNA deregulation. J Pathol 2008; 216:440-50. [PMID: 18802929 DOI: 10.1002/path.2410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The molecular feature of Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is the translocation that places c-Myc under the control of immunoglobulin gene regulatory elements. However, there is accumulating evidence that some cases may lack an identifiable MYC translocation. In addition, during the EUROFISH project, aiming at the standardization of FISH procedures in lymphoma diagnosis, we found that five cases out of 35 classic endemic BLs were negative for MYC translocations by using a split-signal as well as a dual-fusion probe. Here we investigated the expression pattern of miRNAs predicted to target c-Myc, in BL cases, to clarify whether alternative pathogenetic mechanisms may be responsible for lymphomagenesis in cases lacking the MYC translocation. miRNAs are a class of small RNAs that are able to regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Several studies have reported their involvement in cancer and their association with fragile sites in the genome. They have also been shown to control cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis, suggesting that these molecules could act as tumour suppressors or oncogenes. Our results demonstrated a modulation of specific miRNAs. In particular, down-regulation of hsa-let-7c was observed in BL cases, compared to normal controls. More interestingly, hsa-mir-34b was found to be down-regulated only in BL cases that were negative for MYC translocation, suggesting that this event might be responsible for c-Myc deregulation in such cases. This hypothesis was further confirmed by our in vitro experiments, which demonstrated that increasing doses of synthetic hsa-mir-34b were able to modulate c-Myc expression. These results indicate for the first time that hsa-mir-34b may influence c-Myc expression in Burkitt lymphoma as the more common aberrant control exercised by the immunoglobulin enhancer locus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Leucci
- Department of Human Pathology and Oncology, University of Siena, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
MicroRNAs are a class of short, single-stranded, noncoding RNA molecules that negatively regulate the expression target mRNA at posttranslational level. microRNAs as key regulatory molecules play important biological function and might act as tumor suppressor oncogenes in cancer and lymphomas. microRNAs cause the expression of important cancer related genes and might prove useful in the diagnostics, prognosis, and treatment of some lymphomas This review focuses on the role of microRNAs in normal lymphocyte differentiation and in development of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.
Collapse
|
25
|
Kelly GL, Rickinson AB. Burkitt lymphoma: revisiting the pathogenesis of a virus-associated malignancy. HEMATOLOGY. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEMATOLOGY. EDUCATION PROGRAM 2007; 2007:277-284. [PMID: 18024641 DOI: 10.1182/asheducation-2007.1.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Burkitt lymphoma (BL), a tumor occurring in endemic, sporadic and AIDS-associated forms, is the classic example of a human malignancy whose pathogenesis involves a specific cellular genetic change, namely, a chromosomal translocation deregulating expression of the c-myc oncogene, complemented in many cases by the action of an oncogenic virus, the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Here we review recent work in two complementary areas of research: (1) on cellular genetic changes that occur in addition to the c-myc translocation in BL, in particular the capacity of p53/ ARF pathway breakage or of c-myc mutation to decouple the pro-proliferative effects of c-myc deregulation from its pro-apoptotic effects; and (2) on a postulated role for EBV in BL pathogenesis, through adopting restricted forms of virus latent gene expression that remain compatible with the c-myc-driven growth program but offer the tumor additional protection from apoptosis. We stress the many fundamental questions that remain to be resolved and, in that regard, highlight the general lessons that might be learned through understanding how two other infectious agents, malaria and HIV, dramatically enhance BL incidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma L Kelly
- CRUK Institute for Cancer Studies, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|